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Manual of Investigative Operations and Guidelines
Part II . _ ' PAGE 139- 1
SECTION 13. LABORATORY DIVISION AIDS TO INVESTIGATIONS I
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13-1 INTRODUCTION TO FBI LABORATORY DIVISION
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I: § 13-2 AVAILABILITY AND USE OF LABORATORY FACILITIES W
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13-2.1 Availability of the FBI Laboratory .
As a general rule, services of the FBI Laboratory are
available to:
I ! U.S. Attorneys, military tribunals, and all other
Federal agencies in both civil and criminal matters. Requests from
USAs for any Laboratory services including trial charts!,
examinations and testimony of FBI Laboratory experts should be made
through FBI field offices.!
I ! All duly constituted state; county, and municipal law .
enforcement agencies in the United States and territorial possessions
in connection with their official investigations, but in criminal
matters only.
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13-2.1.1 Stipulations
All Laboratory services, including expert witnesses, are
rendered free of all cost to the requesting agency, but in offering
these services, experience has dictated the following limitations in
the interest of economy to-avoid duplication of effort and to ensure
the proper administration of justice:
! No examination will be conducted on any evidence
which has been previously subjected to the same type of technical
examination. This requirement is intended to eliminate duplication of
_effortlandnensureuthelintegrity_o£_the_evidence_is.maintained.__An ,.
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exception may be granted by the Laboratory Division to this policy
when there exist compelling reasons that a reexamination be conducted.
These reasons should be set forth in individual letters from the
director of the laboratory which conducted the original examination,
the prosecuting attorney, and the investigating agency which collected
and submitted the evidence for laboratory analysis. ~ Note: A check
will be searched through the National Fraudulent Check File even
though it has been technically examined by or searched through a check
file maintained by another agency.!
! No testimony will be furnished if testimony on the
same technical subject and in the same case is to be given for the
prosecution by another expert.
! No request for examination will be accepted from a
nonfederal law enforcement agency in connection with criminal cases
if it is indicated that only a civil case will grow out of it.
Q! No requests for examination will be accepted from
other laboratories which have the capability of conducting the "
requested examinations. Exceptions to this policy may be made, in
extenuating circumstances, upon approval of the Assistant Director of
the Laboratory.!_ - X
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13*2.2 Use of Other Laboratories or Other Forensic Experts'
Since materials of evidentiary value located at a crime
scene or otherwise obtained during FBI investigative activities offer
.inva1uab1e potential for investigative information and probative
I results, these materials|should]be submitted, except in circumstances
detailed in subsection 13-2.2.2 below, to the FBI Laboratory in lieu
! The facilities of and the expertise within the FBI
Laboratory provide the best in available scientific
technical services .analyses and
7 ! The FBI is appropriated money yearly by Congress to
operate its own Laboratory to provide laboratory services in matters
= of interest to the Bureau. -
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EFFECTIVE: O4/O7/97
13-2.2.1 Cases Involving Joint Jurisdiction
Diplomacy and good judgment must be exercised in the
instances which arise in cases of joint jurisdiction where state,
local, and/or other Federal laboratories either handle or maintain
custody of materials of evidentiary value obtained by their personnel
either prior to or after FBI involvement so as to:
I!Protect the integrity and "chain of custody" of these
materials of evidentiary value in the event the final mutual agreement
is that the matter under investigation is to be prosecuted in the
Federal judicial system with the FBI having the responsibility of
primary jurisdiction and
' ! Demonstrate the FBI has the proper
respect for the technical and scientific.competence
laboratories and the investigative efforts of their
personnel. I _'
! In matters where physical evidence
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has been3
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'previous1y examined by a state or local crime laboratory and the FBI
Laboratory is directed by the Department of Justice to conduct a
reexamination, the head of the laboratory which conducted the original
analysis will be promptly notified of this action by the Laboratory
Division. -
EFFECTIVE: O5/25/90
' r_13-2.2.2mmCases_InvolvingSoleEBI_Jutisdiction| See_HIOG,_RartlII, _g _l
13-2. 2.! - o
LI y When circumstances dictate, FBIHQ will consider requests
for the useof nonBureau forensic experts. The following conditions
Lmust be observed:
! Only the FBI Laboratory should conduct forensic
Pf? I examinations of evidence in FBI investigations. Only under
- $ extenuating circumstances should other laboratories or forensic_ ?___-.' experts in private practice be consulted or their services requested.
' This should only occur after prior contact, and with the approval of,
the FBI Laboratory by|e1ectronic communication EC!,|teletype, or
telephone and then confirmed by|EC|or teletype. Such communications
should inc1ude:~
a! A synopsis of the circumstances necessitating
the use of an outside forensic expert.
l b! The name of the local expert s! and their local
laboratory affiliation, if any, . .
c! The name and office telephone number of the case
Agent, and r
d! The personal endorsement of the SAC that such
- action is needed.
. _ ! This procedure is necessary to ensure:
a a! That the needed services or examinations cannot
_be performed in a timely fashion by submitting the evidence to the FBI
Laboratory due to extreme urgency of the situation, or that FBI
Laboratory personnel could not_ travel to the requesting location and
uis perform the services or examinations; [.1,
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_ b! That when circumstances so warrant, and FBI
Laboratory approval is given, only competent and reputable forensic
experts be utilized who are recognized as reliable within the forensic
science community. -
! If FBI Laboratory approval is obtained for the use of
non-FBI Laboratory experts, those experts must assure that all
necessary examinations are being performed since federal violationsi
frequently require different elements of proof than do state or local
violations of the same or similar nature and,5 .
_ W in ' g a! That nothing will be done which will destroy the
usefulness of the evidentiary material;
b! That the local expert be advised of the .
willingness of the FBI Laboratory to be consulted on the scientific
and technical aspects of the examination s! and to provide additional
examinations which may not be possible locally; 1
.:l:§ F c! That a copy of the local expert's examinationsi report be promptly furnished to the FBI Laboratory. I _ '
g !' Under no circumstances should "curbstone" opinions be
sought of local scientific or technical personnel to assess the
potential value of evidentiary materials prior to submitting these
items to.the FBI Laboratory for examination. Preliminary local-
analyses could g _
a! Cause alteration and/or contamination of these
materials, _ 7
b! Create a conflict of opinion due to variations
in testing procedures,
' c! Unduly complicate the "chain of custody,"
d! Severely hamper the_effectiveness of the
"Bureau's efforts, and
e! Create unnecessary legal issues which could.I arise subsequently in the prosecution process. ' _
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13-3 REQUESTING LABORATORY ASSISTANCE
The information under this caption as well as that
contained elsewhere in this section under the particular type of
examination or assistance desired should be consulted to facilitate
the submission of requests to the Laboratory Division.
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13-3.1 Requests for Examination s! of Evidence See
I, 9-7; 11, 1317.3.!MIOG, Part
A request for an examination must be in written form and
forwarded with the evidence. A telephonic request must be followed
with a written official communication. The incoming communication
must be sent with each case and should include a listing ofthe
suspect/subject, victim, violation, location and date of offense, casefile number, a brief description of the case, a detailed description
of the evidence enclosed, the request of the Laboratory and a contact
name and number. A written request for Laboratory Division services
must bear a single title and a single Universal Case File Number. If
additional cases need to be intercompared with the listed title, that
request should be in the body of the incoming communication, not
identified by additional titles. All requests should be addressed to
the Director, Federal Bureau of Investigation,-with an attention line
in accordance with 13"3.1.1 below and contain the following
information:
! Reference te any previous correspondence submitted to
the Laboratory in the case.
! The nature of and the basic facts concerning the
violation insofar as they pertain to the laboratory examination.
! The name s! and sufficient descriptive data of any
subject, suspect, or victim. _
! Each case submitted to the Laboratory must be .
individually packaged and placed in an appropriate evidence container.
The evidence container must be placed under proper seal, labeled with
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appropriate warning labels, contain a single titled communication, and
shipped via trackable carrier. Lab exam requests should contain a
list of the evidence being submitted either "herewith" or "under
separate cover." Note: Due to evidential "chain of custody"
requirements, all evidence_sent through the U.S. Postal Service USPS!
system must be registered mail and not by parcel post or regular mail.
If United Parcel Service, Federal Express, or air freight is used,
utilize their "acknowledgment of delivery," "protective signature,"
security signature," or any other such service which provides the
same protection as USPS registered mail.! Only evidence for the first
captioned case should be submitted with each communication. See
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J4 a! "Herewith": This method is limited to certain
small items of evidence which are not endangered by transmission in an
envelope. Utilize the specially designed evidence envelope Form FD-
632!. Execute written portion of envelope BEFORE placing evidence
inside to preclude damaging or altering evidence and to prevent
addition of indented writing. Insert the evidence and securely seal
the envelope. Fold up the flap marked "PLEASE STAPLE CORRESPONDENCE
TO THIS FLAP" and.securely attach the written communication which
should state "Submitted herewith are the following items of evidence."
b! "Under separate cover": This method is
generally used for shipment of numerous and/or bulky items of
evidence. The written communication should state "Submitted under
separate cover by list the method of shipment be it USPS, United
Parcel Service, Federal Express, or air freight! are the following
items of evidence." For further information concerning the
preparation of packages sent under separate cover see 13-3.1.2 below
as well as 13-6.6 Packaging Chart! illustrated in the "Electronic
Reference Library Searching Guide" Appendix. i
_ c! "Packaging": An evidence container is defined
as any container that houses items of evidence in a manner which
maintains the integrity of those items. To further this definition, a
primary container is the container that is in direct contact with the
evidence. For example, an envelope housing a fraudulent document or a
vial containing blood would be considered a primary container. A
primary container must be placed in a secondary container which must
be leakproof and puncture-resistant, when the evidence so warrants
additional protections. A secondary container is needed only when wet
evidence, such as liquid blood, or a sharp item, such as a needle or a
knife, is submitted to the Laboratory for examination. Each item of
evidence must be packaged separately to avoid contamination. Each
case must be submitted individually. The Laboratory Division will
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strictly endorse the related portions of HIOG, Part II, 13-3.1.2!
and 13-3.l.2!.
~ d! "Sealing": All containers must be properlysealed with[tamper-evident|tape. A container is properly sealed onlyif its contents cannot readily escape and if entering the container
results in obvious damage/alteration to the container or its seal. A
proper seal consists of taping the evidence container over or
along the opening with|tamperevident|tape and placing the initials of
the person creating the seal over the tape. A proper seal is not
created by simply stapling the evidence container closed, nor is it
properly sealed when a cgntainer-openingis_e§posed. [Tamper-evident]Ea§é'ls available through FBI E¬E}aIEp§1y or te Evidence_Control'__I.= A ._
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1| u,' e! Warning Labels . A warning label alerts the
recipient of the potential hazards of the evidence enclosed, therefore
appropriate warning labels must be placed on an evidence container in
a visible area. Biological hazards biohazards! fall under the
Bloodborne Pathogen guidelines. See 13-3.1.2.!
Biohazardous evidence evidence containing any biologicalmaterial! must be labeled with a biohazard sticker. If the item is or
contains dried body fluids, such as blood, semen, or saliva, a primary
container is the only container needed and the biohazard sticker is
placed on the outside of the primary container. If the item is or
contains wet body fluids, the primary container must be placed in a
secondary container and the secondary container must be labeled with a
biohazard sticker. See 13-12.4.1.!
Because of the importance of compliance with using proper warning
labels, FBIHQ will remind the field of the policy when a noncompliant
submission-is received.- If the case Agent or Evidence Control
Technician neglects to affix appropriate warning labels, the|examineror|examiner's Unit §hief will call the supervisor of the case Agent or
Evidence Control Technician to alert that supervisor of the
noncompliant submission. Pursuant to the contact, a letter describing
the noncompliant submission will be sent to the Assistant Director in
Charge ADIC! or Special Agent in Charge SAC!.
! A request stating what-types of examinations are
desired. Include, if applicable, comparisons with other cases,
listing captions of these cases and Bureau file numbers, if available.
[ .
! Information as to where the original evidence is to
be returned as well as where the original Laboratory report is to be
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sent. *
! A statement, if applicable, as to whether
_ a! The evidence has been examined previously byanother expert in the same technical field provide a copy of anyreport s! generated by other experts, if available!
b! Any local controversy is involved in the case,or _
_ l T , p 9!____Anyinon1Bu1:s§ui.l§.L@e§2§9_e=11en$...§se11s=ie_s_haYa_.e11mI l interest in the case. ' _qh__Hn_
8! Notification of the need and reason s! for anexpeditious examination bearing in mind this treatment should not beroutinely requested. _
9! If damage occurs in the mail system or evidence isimproperly packaged and the integrity of the evidence has beenjeopardized as a result, the case Agent will be notified. If theintegrity of the evidence has been compromised, a decision will bemade by appropriate laboratory personnel as to what, if any, forensicexaminations can or will be conducted. This policy is imperative topreserve the integrity of the evidence and to protect the safety andwell being of the persons handling these submitted materials.
EFFECTIVE: ll/21/97
13-3.1.1Attention Lines for Communications and Packages See MIOG,Part II, l33.l, 13-3.l.2 8! and 0!.!
_. . .The following guidelines should be adhered to as closelyas possible to avoid any unnecessary delay in the routing of mail atFBI Headquarters.
_ ! All requests for a laboratory examination should bemarked "Attention: FBI Laboratory, Evidence Control Center."
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! Requests for photographic processing ONLY should besubmitted on the FD-523. Note:__Whenever a package containing
exposed film is sent to the Laboratory the word "FILM" should be
clearly marked on the outside of the package.! -
' ! Requests for photographic laboratory examination of
any kind should be marked "Attention:
Photographic Unit.".FBI Laboratory, Special
1 ! Requests for BOTH photographic processing and afingerprint examination should be submitted on the FD"523 and, in the
Control Center."areanfo;_requeaL.lmarked_lAIIsnIipn; Lahs;aIQ:y_Divi=i9n, Eyi4§H¢e
! Requests for the enhancement, processing and
examination of video imagery where no comparison with known
photographs or items of clothing are required or requests for the
production of video tape demonstrative evidence should be marked|."Attention: FBI Laboratory,|Specia1 Photographic|Unit." _
9?.
EFFECTIVE: 07/25/97
13-3.1.2 Shipment of Evidence "Under Separate Cover" See MIOG,
. Part II, 133.1! b!.!
. The following steps shouldbe followed to properly preparea package for shipment of numerous and/or bulky items of evidence, apart from the original written request for the examination s!. For
additional guidance and instructions see 13-3.l! b!, c!; d!, and e! above and 13-6.6 Packaging Chart!below. Note: Comply with thefollowing steps ! through 9! if a cardboard box is used and step0! if a wooden bok is used!:
! Take every precaution- evidence as outlined in the applicable
. 3-6.7! as well as afford appropriate
latent fingerprints thereon to include
"LATENT." See IO! below.!to preserve the items of
sections of the Evidence Chart
physical protection of the
identification with the word
' ! Choose a cardboard box suitable in size.
. __.= ,,,
. ';_'., 2;; '.-".5 ,-r~! Place nonporous items of evidence in a separatecontainer to avoid contamination and for preservation of latent
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prints. See Part II, 13-3.l! c! and 13-3.1.2 0! below.!
,! Do not place evidence from more than one case in thesame box. See Part II, 133.l ! c! and 13-3.1.2 0! below.!
_ ! Pack the evidence securely within the box to avoid
damage in transit or puncture of box and protrusions/loss of
evidence. See 0! below.!
p " ! Seal the box with gummed tape and clearly mark the
outer portions of the box with the word "EVIDENCE." Notei If any of
the evidence in the bgx_is_to be subjected to a latent fingerprint _ _ _examination, also clearly mark the outer portions of the box with the i
word "LATENT. "!
! Place a copy of the Original written request for the
examination s! in an envelope marked "INVOICE" and securely affix this~
- envelope to the outside of the sealed box. -
::¬* - 8! Enclose the sealed box in wrapping paper and seal thewrapping paper with gummed tape. Prepare the address label,1 " addressing the package to the Director, Federal Bureau of
Investigation, 935 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW, Washington, D.C. 20535-' 0001, with the proper attention line as outlined above in 13-3.1.1.
Cover the label with yellow transparent tape to identify the shipment
as evidence and place it securely on the package.
9! Ship the package by U.S. Postal Service, United
Parcel Service, Federal Express, or air freight in accordance with the
note in 13-3.1! above and the Evidence Chart l36.7!.
0! Choose a durable wooden box suitable in size and
a! Comply with the above steps !, !, !, and
!. ". _
b! Securely fasten the lid on the box and addressit to the Director, Federal Bureau of Investigation, 935 Pennsylvania
Avenue, NW, Washington, D.C. 20535-0001, with the proper attentionline as outlined above in 13-3.1.1. _
. ~ c! Place a copy of the original written request for
- the examination s! in an envelope marked "INVOICE." Place the invoice
envelope_in a clear plastic cover, and tack it to the box.
I ~ -E;%§' d! Comply with step 9! above.
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13-3.2 Requests for Other Laboratory Assistance
Requests for artist conceptions should be submitted on ,Form FD-383. Requests for-photographic processing, printing,enlargements, etc., where no examination is involved must be submitted
2a_§ne£E:§Z3t_IEsqQa§t§_£9;rothsr_§pe;i=l Rsojects Secti0n.seryicesshould be submitted on an FD~790.| Requests for translations, trialexhibits, and on-the-scene Laboratory assistance in photographicsurveillances, evidence examinations, or crime scene searches e.g.,bombings! and questions concernihg photographic, polygraphic, forensictraining, or other Laboratory matters should be submitted in a writtencommunication, in triplicate, directed to the FBI Laboratory.However, if_time is of the essence or the exigencies of the case are j:?; such, telephonically contact the Laboratory Division, referring to the
J-.j§ "FBI Laboratory Directory of Support Services," for the unit whichprovides the desired assistance. If after consulting the Directory,problems or questions still exist, call the office of the Assistant
Director, extension 4410.
EFFECTIVE: 09/03/93
13-4 RESULTS or EXAMINATION S! or EVIDENCE
The results of evidential examinations conducted in theLaboratory are recorded in a written report. L
EFFECTIVE: 11/23/87
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Dissemination of Laboratory Report| See MAOP, Part II,e 10-13.13.!| 92 I 134.1
I Norma11y|three|copies of each laboratory report are
furnished to the'
! 0ffice s! contributing evidence,
! Office of origin,
LI3! Qfficesmdesignated_by_the_contributor sl,%and,..-.. 1-
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! Those offices determined by the Laboratory to have aninterest in the case depending on the results of the examination s!.
I a! The original|and two copies|of the report will
usually be sent to the office of origin in those instances where there
are several offices contributing evidence, as well as those instances i§i- in which a contributing office makes such a request.
' - b!' If evidence is submitted to the Laboratory by a
non-Bureau agency in a case in which the Bureau has or may have ajoint jurisdiction, a report will be furnished the contributor
[ with|three|copies of the report designated for interested Bureau
offices, to include the office of origin.
¢
EFFECTIVE: O9/24/93
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13-4.2 Inclusion of Laboratory Report in Other Reports
- e A copy pf a laboratory report may be included in other
I reports prepared in the field. |Some|laboratory reports are sent to
the field under the cover of a Laboratory Transmittal Form ~72!
commonly referred to as the Administrative Page s!. These
I Administrative|Pages|are not part of the laboratory report and
therefore should not be included in any reports prepared in the field.
EFFECTIVE: 01/26/83
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13r4.3 Rule 16. Discovery and Inspection!
A portion of Rule 16 of the Federal Rules
Procedure states "Reports of Examinations and Tests.,
a defendant the government shall permit,the defendant
copy or photograph any results or reports of physical
examinations, and of scientific tests or experiments,
thereof, which are within the possession, custody, orPAGE 13
of Criminal I
Upon request of
to inspect and
or mental '
or copies
control of thegovernment, the existence of which is known, or by the exercise of duediligence may become known, to the attorney for the government, andwhich are material to the preparation of the defense or are intended,
£9rWu§ssbysLhs_sexcrement_es;s!idenss_in chief at the _... . ..__ A W _ .. .._rV __,_,. _ __ ._. ___.___...._. __" 0 I Itrial." This14cw- ' ~*¢a
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Irequest must be made before the court and -Upon a sufficient showingthe court may at any time order that the discovery orinspection bedenied, restricted, or deferred, or make such other order as is
appropriate."
. EFFECTIVE: 01/26/83
f¤g13-4. Laboratory Reports and the Disposition of
Evidence
! Each laboratory report will normallySubmitted
contain astatement concerning the original evidence being returned herewith,
under separate cover, or with the results of another examination such
as a latent fingerprint examination.
! Whenever original evidence is returned by theLaboratory to the contributing office s! or to the office of origin,upon the request of the contributor s!, it should be checked againstthose items listed in the written request as well as in the laboratory
-report to ensure all the evidence has been returned.
- _
a! If any discrepancies exist,_extreme care shouldbe exercised in examining all of the packing materialutilized in theshipment of the evidence in order that the missing items will not be
inadvertently disposed of with this material. The FBI Laboratory
should be advised immediately of any discrepancies.
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EFFECTIVE: O4/O7/97
13-5 TESTIMONY OF LABORATORY EXAMINERS-
' EFFECTIVE: 01/26/33
13-5.1 Availability of Service
Laboratory examiners are available for expert testimonyconcerning their examinations provided no other expert is used by the
prosecution in the same scientific field. Note: This restriction is
generally used in the interest of economy and to avoid duplication ofeffort.! ' .
:i? EFFECTIVE: 01/26/83 _.g§ " *
l35.1.1 Testimony at Trials
The absence of examiners from FBIHQ should be kept to a
minimum; therefore, -
" ! Every effort should be made to utilize the servicesof these witnesses as quickly as possible, consistent with good trialprocedures; 'J
! Whenever practical, arrange for their immediate
release following court appearance.
» ! In_most cases the presence of an expert witness is
NOT required by the court during the jury selection and, consequently,
he/she need not be present when the case is called.
' ! Whenever it is possible to anticipate when the expert
testimony will be required, arrangements should then be made to have
the witness present-at that time, rather than earlier in the trial.
|! Laboratory should be notified of the trial dates orother judicial deadlines as soon as they are known or set.| - 2:-. V V_': :,_:! "1,- .!E:". .¥§13%?
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Part II, _ Q ~-'~ -' 7 - -
EFFECTIVE: O7/25/97
' - _ 92
. '13-5.1.2 Grand Juries and Preliminary Hearings
I E 1!] Laboratory experts are available to testify at such
hearings but requests for their appearance should not be made unlessabsolutely necessary because in most cases the laboratory report, an
a£fidavit,_or the testimony of the case_Agent will suffice.
4_7_| |!| If.al1 attempts to obviate the appearance of aPAGE 13_Z,-.~f4t :,
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Laboratory expertéhave been eihaustedg the FEIIaboratory shouldbeadvised in detail of the unusual circumstances which make the presence
of an expert absolutely necessary. .
EFFECTIVE: 01/26/83
A ZZEI 13-6 HANDLING OF PHYSICAL EVIDENCE
EFFECTIVE: 01/26/83
13-6.1 Definitions of Evidence
! That which is legally submitted to a competenttribunal as a means of ascertaining the truth of any alleged matter of
fact under investigation before it,
I ! Anything which a suspect leaves at a crime scene or
.takes from the scene or which may be otherwise connected with the
crime. '
EFFECTIVE: U1/26/83
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. E PRINTED: 02/13/98
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13-6.1.1 ' Terminology " _ 5 * *
'"Physica1," "real," "tangible," "laboratory," and"latent," are all adjectives to describe the types of evidence whichI the FBI|Laboratory Division examines.
EFFECTIVE: 09/24/93
i l c 1_3:6,2_ __ Zurpgss °5_.P1'#Y§iFE§_L_E_V_i.!E192_93_
D !
i a! Develop H.0.'s or show similar M.0.'s.
b!
yin} ::Tg C!
H . d! Connect or eliminate suspects.Aids in the solution of the case because it can
Develop or identify suspects.
Prove or dispose an alibi.
e! Identify loot or contraband.
f!
Proves an element of the offense, for example.
a! Safe insulation, glass or building materials on
suspect's clothing may prove entry.Provide leads.
' <2!
~ b! Stomach contents, bullets, residue at scene of
. -fire, semen, blood, toolmarks may all prove elements of certain
offenses. _
- c! Safe insulation on tools may be sufficient to
prove violation of possession of burglary tools statutes.
! Proves theory of a case, for example, .
a! Footprints may show how many were at scene.
i b! Auto paint on clothing may show that a personwas hit by car instead of otherwise injured. -
Sensitive "
' PRINTED: 02/18/98 -
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Manual of Investigative Operations and Guidelines }Part II _ - PAGE 13- 18
EFFECTIVE: 01/26/83
13-6.3 Nature of Physical Evidence
For the most part, physical evidence falls into two
c1assifications.' . _
EFFECTIVE: 01/26/83
13-6.3.1 Evidence with Individual Identifying Characteristics
This evidence can be positively identified as having comefrom a specific source or person if sufficent identifying
characteristics, or sufficient microscopic or accidental markings arepresent. Examples are: fingerprints, handwriting, bullets, @ toolmarks, shoe prints, pieces of glass and plastic where the broken:::§ edges can be matched, and wood where broken/cut surfaces can be" ||matched and fabric and tape torn ends!.!|
EFFECTIVE: 04/01/96
13-6.3.2 Evidence With Class Characteristics Only
! This evidence, no matter how thoroughly examined, canonly be placed into a class. A definite identification-as to itssource can never be made since there is the possibility of more thantone source for the evidence found. Examples are: soil, blood,| hairs, fibers, paint from a safe or car, glass fragments too small tomatch broken edges, and toolmarks, shoe prints,-or bullets, in thoseinstances where the microscopic or accidental markings areinsufficient for positive identification.!
! It is desirable to have evidence that can be
positively identified, but the value of evidence with classcharacteristics only should not be minimized. In cases involvingevidence with class characteristics only, the following are desirable:SE2? K a! A preponderance of such evidence.=1?.__i
Sensitive
PRINTED: 02/18/98
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? ] b! A preponderance of class characteristics within
a single item of evidence such as paint with many layers all matchingor soil with foreign matter such as paint chips, odd seeds, and safe
insulation.
c! Elimination specimens such as soil from where asuspect claims he/she was or where he/she claims a car was; soil fromthe surrounding areas to show.that a variation does_exist; and paint
or other materials from a source mentioned in an alibi.19
'EFFEClIVErl09/24/93 I I
13-6.4 Crime Scene Search .
A crime scene search is a planned, coordinated, legalsearch by competent law enforcement officials to locate physical
evidence or witnesses to the crime under investigation. In order tobe effective a crime scene search should include the steps outlined in
paragraphs 13-6.4.1 through 13-6.4.8 below. Note: For additionalinformation concerning a bombing crime scene search see paragraph13-6.5 below.! i_92=._
-3",
EFFECTIVE: 02/L2/92
I 13-6.4.1 - Protectland Secure|the Crime Scene
Only persons who have a legitimate investigative interestshould be allowed into the crime scene. This number should be kept to
"a minimum. Too many people in a crime scene can lead to evidencebeing moved or destroyed before its value as evidence is recognized.[|Once the scene is established, it should be protected diligently.|
EFFECTIVE: 02/12/92-
. ti;
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PRINTED: 02/18/98
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Manual of Investigative Operations and Guidelines -. Part II s . ' ' PAGE 13-- 20
13-6.4.2 Conduct a Preliminary Survey of the Crime Scene for the
Purposes of Establishing Firm Organizational and Planning
Guidelines
This is the planning stage of the search. The plansshould include: '
! Form objectives of the search - what is to be found.
_ ! Take special note of evidence that may be easily' destroyed such as shoe prints in dust, footprints, etc.
! Organize the search. '
. a! Make assignments for photographs, fingerprints,
plaster casts, and evidence handling.
T b! Decide on search pattern, i.e., lane, grid,
spiral or zone searches.
._...f§ ' c! Issue instructions to assisting personnel.
! Write a narrative description of the generalconditions of the crime scene. These are the investigator's originalnotes which will be used to refresh his/her memory at the trial. They
should be an accurate description of the crime scene and shouldinclude: _ ' '
a!
92 b!
c!
d!
e!Date, time, and location of the search.
Weather and lighting conditions.
Identity of others participating in the search.
Assignments given other personnel.
Condition and position of evidence found.
EFFECTIVE: 02/12/92
Sensitive p
» . PRINTED: 02/16/98
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Manual of Investigative Operations and Guidelines
Part II
l3*6.4.3 Photograph the Crime ScenePAGE 13
! Crime scenes will not remain undisturbed for verylong, and therefore should be photographed as soon as possible,
preferably before anyone is allowed into the scene.
' 92
such as the Mamiya 645 should be used.
If_using_VPS,_set_camera_and flashlISO swhich is indicated on the film instructi
stages of_a crime scene investigation wi
p made, these also should be photographed.I ! |When possible, a mediumnformat l20roll film! camera
If not available, then the35mm camera should be used. Crime-scene photographs will be taken in
daylight or with electronic flash; therefore, the best film choice iseither Kodacolor Gold 100 or Vericolor Professional III Type S VPS!.
ettings at 80 instead of_l60___
ons. It is noted that numerous
ll involve photography. Aconstant awareness must be maintained in order to ensure that theoriginal crime scene is photographically recorded. As discoveries are
a! Exterior crime scene:
1. Establish the
taking a series of overall photographs t
degrees coverage if possible!..
. 3*. _t__
.- ff
2. Establish the
through a series of overall photographs.location of the scene by
o include a landmark. 60-
location of the building
Aerial photographs obtainedat a later date may be useful.! Oblique and verticals.
3. |Any item of importance should have twoadditional photographs made of it. A MEDIUM~distance photograph that1 depicts the item and shows its relativeposition to other items in theimmediate area and a CLOSE-UP photograph with a scale if possible.]
- I 4. Take a series
individual items of_evidence to include
showing proper perspective and avoiding
Black and white slow-speed film shouldof close-up photographs of
filling the film frame,
oblique angles if possible.
be used as needed to recordshoe prints in dust, documents, fingerprints, etc.!
area should be photographed.|5, ]Al1 entrances/exits into the crime scene
- b! Interior crime scene:
' l 1. Utilizing a se
v _ PRINTED: 02/1s/98Egg? I photograph rooms and other interior areas from all sides|in an
Sensitiveries of overall photographs,- 21
--_'_
II . r I .
I f92
gt; I I V ' -w ' Sensitive
Manual of_Investigative Operations and Guidelines
Part II _s ' » -
the "photo log," Form FD-674.| p
i 3. ]Deleted|
p 1 4. |Deleted|.PAGE 13~- 22
overlapping series. It may be useful to make some photographs with a s '
wide-angle lens, but, as mentioned before, these should be noted on
2. |Any item of importance should have twoadditional photographs made of it. A MEDIUM-distance photograph that
depicts the item and shows its relative position to other items in the92 immediate area and a CLOSE-UP photograph with a scale if possib1e.|
c! Evidence photographs are needed to:
'1. "Record the condition of individual items of
evidence before recovery. Photographs must show the evidence indetail and should include a scale, photographer's initials, and they- date.! a
. ¥ 2. Conduct laboratory examinations of evidence
such as shoe prints, tire impressions, and that obtained from bank
robberies. Photography should be performed before any attempts tolift or cast. Photographs should show identifying data asabove.! '
3. Support testimony given in courtindicated
Photographs should be of professional quality and very detailed.!
_! |The sequence of photographs varies with each scene.* Logic should dictate what order to proceed with photography based on
. the fragility of p given area and your ability to maintain control of
i critical.| _ ' P
. camera, 50mm lens with the 35mm camera! whenever possible.
. "normal"'lens maintains the same perspective that your eyelooking at the scene. A series of overlapping photographs
so that all areas of given space are recorded. If using a
than the "normal" lens, such as a "wide-angle" lens, to be Z22? i photograph a larger area in a single photograph, it should"*7* the photo log FD-674!. See paragraph !.! _. ,. . .92¢
Sensitive
. PRINTED: 02/18/98the scene. If you feel that exterior areas are in danger of being
scontaminated, then start with those. As long as all the needed
photographs are madp, the order in which they are made is not
p ! |Crime-scene photographs should be made with the"normal" lens for the camera in use 80mm lens with the 120-roll film
The
gives you
can be made
lens other
able to
be noted in
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Manual of Investigative Operations and GuidelinesPart II -. ' . ' PAGE 13
o _ ! A record of photographs-taken should be kept on a"photo log," Form FD*674. It is not necessary to record the shutter
speed and f/stop used. It will be very useful to record the item
description and, in some cases, the location of an item and/or the
photographer may be significant. A quick drawing showing this shouldbe done in the provided space on the form. This drawing in no way isa substitute.for the crime scene sketch.§ This information can thenbe used later for identifying photographs and as an aid in testimony.|
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13-6.4.4 Sketch the Crime Scene
A crime scene sketch is a handmade pictorial
representation of conditions at a crime scene. Floor plans are _sometimes available from commercial concerns to aid in sketching.! It
is useful in clarifying investigative data and to make the situation
easier to understand by eliminating unnecessary detail. A sketch doesnot replace photographs at the crime scene and should be used to show:7
..-if K
l !
!
!Dimensions of rooms; furniture, doors, windows, etc.
Distances from objects to entrances and exits
Distances between objects including persons/bodies!
! Measurements showing the exact location of items of
Each object should be located by two measurements from
items, such as doors, walls, etc. ~ i revidence.
nonmovable
! Point-ofrview locations of photographs92..
EFFECTIVE: 02/12/92
13-6.4.5 Process for Fingerprints p
See Part II, Section 15, of this manual for instructions
on fingerprinting a crime scene. '
Sensitive
PRINTED: 02/18/98'
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EFFECTIVE: 02/12/92
13-6.4.6 Make Shoe Print/Tire Tread Casts and/or Lifts
See paragraphs 13-19.1 through 13-19.1.3 elsewhere in thissection for instructions on the making of shoe print/tire tread cases.and/or lifts. A , '
_ EEEECTIVEI QZZLZ/92_r n_mgW___g_ __4_____ _________ __4____m ______ ___ ___Nw A g *___
13-6.4.7 Collect, Identify and Preserve the Evidence
For additional information on the collection,identification, and preservation of items of evidence, see paragraph13-6.7 Evidence Chart! and/or the appropriate paragraphs elsewhere inCe this section concerning the type of examination desired. .
3 ! Collection. A '
a! All evidence must be collected legally in orderto be admissible in court at a later date. For further instructions
on the legality of crime scene searches, refer to the Legal Handbook
for Special Agents. '
b! Evidence found during a search should bedisplayed immediately to another Special Agent so that both Agents cantestify to its source. 92 C
c! All evidence should.be fully described in thelsearcher's notes and photographed in place prior to being picked up.
d! If appropriate, Form FD597 Receipt forProperty Received/Returned/Released/Seized! should be properlyexecuted and the copy furnished to the contributor and/or theperson s! to whom the property is being surrendered. The original ofForm FD-597 is to be placed in the 1-A exhibit envelope of the case
file.
! Identification.
5@§i All articles of an evidentiary nature should be3?v carefully marked for identification, preferably on the article itself,._ _ 0-5, ,
Sensitive
PRINTED: 02/18/93. _
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Manual of Investigative Operations and Guidelines
Part II . e - 1
PAGE 13
in a manner not to injure the evidence itself and not to be
obliterated. These markings, to include initials, date and case
number, enable the person finding the evidence to testify, at a laterdate, to the finding of it. ' -
! Preservation. -
e ' a! Each item of evidence should be placed in asuitable container, such as pillboxes, plastic vials or strong
cardboard boxes. The container should be suitably identified and
sealed.N
l
1
T if 7 T b! Prepare appropriate 1-A envelopesl FD-340a!
and/or FD340b!]and/or Forms FD-192 and store the evidence in
designated areas.
c! For submission of evidence to the laboratory forexamination see l3"3 Requesting Laboratory Assistance!, 13-6.6 Packaging Chart!, and 136.7 Evidence Chart!.
ii; - d! The legal "chain of custody" must be maintained f' at all times.
EFFECTIVE: 02/12/92
13-6.5 Bombing Crime Scene Search
Bombing crime scenes, in spite of their massive_destruction, must be conducted on the theory that everything_at the
scene prior to the explosion is still in existence unless it has been
vaporized by the explosion. Locating and identifying items is the"problem. The often-used statement that so much is destroyed by theexplosion that the cause must remain unknown is rarely true. Due tovarious factors, the exact amount of explosives used cannotIlnormallylbe determined based on an evaluation of the damage at thescene. Note: The information contained in 13-6.4I through]13-6.4.7|concerning a crime scene search also applies to a
bombing crime scene search.! -
7
EFFECTIVE: 12/05/85
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_ PRINTED: 02/1a/98 _*..92
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Manual of Investigative Operations and Gui
Part II i '
13*6.5.l Purpose of|Bombing Crime|Scene S
- | l!| The purpose of albombing
determine what happened, how it happened,
identify bomb components, reconstruct thei it with items of evidence identifiable to
bombings.|
soon as feasible to advise of the bombing
______n_,_m. .,_... Y_ -._ t ." _ t __ . _
office of any similar bombing incidents~fr
EFFECTIVE: 04/O7/97
The following steps are to ass* supervision, and evaluation activity conne
bombingl The topics covered are not meantdelines
PAGE 13
earch _
crime|scene search is to
and gather evidence to
explosive device and compare
alsuspect or to previous
i t |! The office of origin should contact the Laboratory as
and pertinent details. TheLaborator will search_its archives_in_order_to_advjseuthe_£ield _4
om the past.
-- El l3"6.5.2 Special Considerations for a|Bombing Crime|Scene Search
ist in the preparation,
cted with the scene of a
to be_a1l inclusive and noattempt has been made to comment on the_many aspects of the bombing
investigation.
_ ! Plan of action: Formulate a plan adapted to theI particulars of the|bombing|crime scene. This plan will include i
consideration of the creation of an on-sce
establishment of lines of supervision; ass
' such as photographing, fingerprint processne command post;
ignment of various tasks
ing, crowd control,collection of evidence, etc.; protection ofthe crime scene;obtainment of needed equipment; periodic evaluation of progress;providing of pertinent information to thepublicf safety; etc.
I " ! Command post: Consider establishing an on-scenep I commandlpost, separate from the investigat
particular1yat a large bombing which mayive comand post,|
require days or weeks tocomplete the crime scene search; The command post should coordinate
efforts amongst Bureau personnel and betwe
agencies and utilities as well as handle ien representatives of other
nquiries from sighseers,persons associated with the scene, relatives of the victims, and theJ 3% press. _
¢Sensitive
PRINTED: D2/1 8/93,
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Manual of Investigative Operations and GuidelinesPart 11 , , ' ' PAGE 13
One person should be in overall charge of the bombing investigation,
another over the actual crime scene search, and another over thecollection of the evidence. _These three individuals must maintain
close coordination,and expeditiously exchange_information on acontinual basis. The evidence coordinator will report directly to thecrime scene coordinator who in turn will report directly to theindividual responsible for the overall bombing investigation;
! Safety: Evaluate safety conditions at the outset ofthe crime scene search and on a continual basis throughout the search
consider the possibility of a second bomb, a "jammed" bomb, or live
exp1osives_being_inWthe_debris,andnthe"safety of crowds, nearby__k4__u4_residents, and personnel at the crime scene not only from additionalexplosions but also from such dangers created by utilities, weakened
walls, etc.
; with Tetanus and Hepatitis B vaccine.
V. carcinogens are present.
p recommended.
d!- All crime scene clothing shouldprior to leaving the crime scene, even if the crime
are returning the following day. Caution should be
storing soiled crime scene clothing in a hotel room
searchers residence. Many contaminants may be adh
92"the crime scene.
either associated with the bomb or the bombing scen8
G| a! Ensure all crime scene personnel are current
b! Dust masks should be worn at all times whilepresent at the crime scene, especially when death occurs and suspect
c! Annual physical for potential crime scene
92 personnel and individuals which have worked on major crime scenes is
be detoxified
scene personnel
exercised when
or at the
ring to thisclothing and could cause illness to an individual not associated with
e! Prior to allowing the search team access to thecrime scene, especially in the event of a large bombing, the crime _scene should be examined for the presence of a radioactive residue,
NOTE:_ Bureau bomb technicians, Laboratory explosive specialists,public safety bomb squad or military EOD personnel should be contacted, if a bomb is located.
53% ! Protection of crime scene. Take adequate safeguards?;§'1 to protect the crime scene from fire, law'enforcement, utility, and
92 .
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Manual of Investigative Operations and Guidelines
Part II ' , PAGE 13
rescue personnel as well as others such as sightseers, victims, andindividuals with a personal interest in the property. Also, since
most residues remaining after an initiation of an explosive are_water
soluble, the crime scene, askmuch as possible, should be protected
against exposure to excessive moisture be it from rain, snow, brokenwater pipes, or any other source. ' ,
! Photographs: Take appropriate photographs to give a
photographic representation of the crime scene see 136.4.3 as aguide!. These photographs should be made immediately before,
periodically during, and at the completion of the crime scene
activity. Properly identify each photograph, coordinate the 7
o28ww-
r
6
"_ _ *_ phbtographs_w1th d1agrams*and/or*b1nepr1nts6rfmaps7§nd E'n§1dér theadvisability of aerial photographs. '
!! Bomb scene specialists: Have some specialists
trained in handling and processing bomb scenes or make arrangements
for obtaining such individuals from the Laboratory
Materials and Devices Unit.| Although the basic principles of
conducting a crime scene search apply in a bomb scene search,individuals with specialized knowledge of explosives, improvised
explosive devices, damage produced by explosive charges, and other
facets associated with bomb scene searches, such as the search and
collection of physical bombing evidence, are extremely valuable to theprocessing of a bomb scene effectively and efficiently. These
specialists need not be qualified bomb disposal specialists. They
should be the first persons, if possible, to be selected for theevidence and crime scene search coordinator positions. _
! Equipment: Promptly make arrangements to obtain the
necessary equipment to move the debris and material at the scene.
Although the equipment needed at the scene varies, the following have
been used:
7' a! Hand tools: Shovels, rakes, brooms,
boltcutters, wire chtters, sledgehammer, hammer, screwdrivers,
wrenches, chisels, hacksaw, magnet, flashlights, knife, 50~foot
measuring tape, and traffic wheel measuring device.
b! Other light equipment: Screens for siftingdebris, wheelbarrows, metal trash cans, power saw, cutting torch
equipment, ladders, portable lighting equipment, metal detector, largeplastic sheets, photographic equipment,.and parachute harness with
related rope and pulleys. g -c
c! Heavy equipment: Truck, front-end loader,
" Sensitive
92 . PRINTED: 02/1:8/98
. . - -- . T-. .-=~¢~~.'-vow ~.~.=.~-=*'- .. -.7-~~;'_Y-.~ . ~-.=Y.,~.».s..."-71 _ ._ . - ».?=::r==+<=arr-1*'r?:.1Wr2"r..-= 13:". .'-'1. .- '~~=r-'-.,"1 _- 3 -_ _c _ ;__ _;__-_~; __-_ 1-_9292_;:~_ ,~.__...~ ;._,__-.._,_-V-__ 3 __,~ .-L _- -g-92_.~ 92___-_ ;._q~92_,,_-~V __ ,4 ~___ _-. g_ .;.--~' _- - --.¢_-_.._ .--,_J_--11___-*.,-f.f~~-,~.-.--,..,_--',__ . ._.. . V41, .,,_,...;¢.
~ - ~-_ -._._.w--_ -_ .__..,".___. .. . __ ____..__ -_ - _ ._,.. ._. . _ n _._ _.... __._ . _c__ _ l _ .__ c. _ _. .__
_ga% u 7-} _t
is: I' - I- Sensitive
Manual of Investigative Operations and Guidelines ~Part II pg Q," _ = - , PAGE 13
bulldozer, crane, and shoring materials."
e '_ d! Personal equipment: Hard hats, safety goggles,gloves work and rubber types!, foul weather clothing, coveralls, and
work shoes. - l
, . ! Crime scene kit: Usual equipment used for the
collection, preservation, and identification of physical evidence.
;l f! Vehicle: If the bombed target was a vehicle,
bring an identical vehicle, if possible, to the scene to assist in
identifyinggfragmentedgandwmutilat§§_it§m§l__;m_____ 7 _k_
B! Search for evidence: Bear in mind the search forevidence at a bombing crime scene is important because the crime may
contain principal evidence which will lead to the identification of
the bomber s! and/or assist in the successful prosecution of the -
matter. The following guidelines are general in nature as the exact
' method of searching depends on various uncontrollable factors:
SEE? a! ,Place one person in overall charge of thec collection of the evidence from the various collectors as valuable
evidence may not be admissible in court if a proper "chain of custody"
cannot be established.
b! Do not stop the search after a few items ofevidence have been found. Experience has shown that a thorough,
persistent search will locate remains of most of the bomb components.
c! Avoid the tendency to concentrate only onphysical evidence, such as safety fuse, detonating cord, blasting
caps, leg electrical! wire, dynamite wrappers, batteries, clock andtiming devices, electronic and electrical components, metal end capifrom a TNT block, plastic end cap from a C4 block, explosive residues,
and unconsumed explpsives, which may represent a bomb as this canresult in overlooking other valuable evidence, such as fingerprints,
hair, fibers, soil, blood, paint, plastic, tape, tools, toolmarks,
metals, writing, paper, printing, cardboard, wood, leather, and tire
-tread-shoe print impressions. _ _ _ 7
" d! Conduct a well organized, thorough, and'careful
search to prevent the necessity of a second search. However, have a
secure "dump" area for debris in the event a second search is
necessary. '
x23? I e! |Simultaneously commence the scene search from
Sensitive
H _ PRINTED: 02/18/98
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Hanual of Investigative Operations and GuidelinesPart II PAGE 13 - 30
I both the site of the explosion and from the extreme perimeter toward 'the center.| If the bomb crater is in earth, obtain soil samples fromthe perimeter of the crater, as well as from the sides and bottom,making sure to dig into the substrata.. If the crater is in another
material, obtain similar samples.
' , f! Sift small debris through a 1/4-inch wire screenonto an insect-type wire screen. Usually these screens are placed on,2-foot square wooden frames constructed from 2- by rinch lumber.IINO more than three workers should work on a screen.|
_, ,.,_ _§g1 gK;raypthe_hodies_9f_liying and deceased_victims__inq____nq_____n__who were in close proximity of the explosion site for possiblephysical evidence and if possible, have the evidence removed. Theirclothing should be retained as it may contain explosive residues.
Also, obtain all medical reports concerning the victims
injuries/circumstances of death.
h! Search a sufficient distance from the site of::¬- the explosion as evidence has been found several blocks from the sitesi of large explosions. 92 "
i! Determine the possible flight paths of bombcomponents to prevent needless searching.
j! Search trees, shrubbery, telephone poles, andthe roofs, ledges, and gutters of buildings. p
k! Establish a search pattern for large areas. Aline of searchers moving forward has been found to be a satisfactorymethod. A bomb scene specialist should follow the line of searchersto evaluate the items found, control the searchers, and furnish
guidance. If a second search is desired, the positions of the
-searchers on the line should be rotated.
! Retain all items foreign to the scene and itemswhich the searchers cannot identify after seeking the assistance ofthose familiar with the bombed target.
- _ m! Obtain known standards of wire and buildingmaterial from the bomb scene to be submitted to the Laboratory for
elimination purposes.' '
| n! Collect and preserve street signs, such as noparking or stop signs that may have captured explosives residuefollowing the bombing. If it is not possible to remove and collect
Sensitive_ PRINTED: 02/ 18/98 -- .
-__ ..._ _ ,7: _ __ __,,. é} __ _ __ _ __ , -----7 ~»-1
92_ ii; - _ .- A
',nf Sensitive
_ ory ____T41_E3Emerci5l1aundry.I O I _ I 7 i T T. ~a. _ ,_
Manual of Investigative Operations and Guidelines
Part II C PAGE 13." 31
the-sign immediately, a plastic bag should be placed over the sign
until~explosives residues can be removed and packaged for analysis.
92_./ ! Have a chemist screen each crime scene worker
for possible contamination with explosives in accordance with
existing policy. c k
' 1'
p! Do not wear crime scene clothing that has been
used for explosive training, research with explosives, clothing
normally used for firearms practice or has been worn at other bombing
crime scene searches or the search of a bombing suspect or bomb
fact unless the clothing has been thoroughly cleaned by a
L
EFFECTIVE: O4/07/97
**; 13-6.6 Packaging Chart See MIOG, Part II, l33.1! b!, ilg _ 133.1.2, 13-6.4.7! c!,|l3-6.70! d!; NFIP Manual, Part" * 1, 5-6.34! b!.!|
The following chart should be followed to properly prepare
a package for shipment of numerous and/or bulky items of evidence
apart from the original written request for an examination s!. For
additional guidance and instructions see l33.1.2 Shipment of
Evidence "Under Separate Cover"! above.
ILLUSTRATION NOT SHOWN - SEE "ERL SEARCHING GUIDE," APPENDIX
1. Pack bulk evidence securely in box.
2. SEAL box and mark as evidence. Hark"Latent" if
p necessary.
. 3; Place copy of transmittal letter in envelope and mark
"Invoice." .
4. Stick envelope to OUTSIDE of sealed box.
5. Wrap sealed box in outside wrapper and SEAL with
gummed paper.
6. Address to: Director ' _
" Federal Bureau of Investigation' |935 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW
Washington, n.c.|20s3s0o01I "Attention FBI Laboratory, Evidence;§s, A Control Center."|
Ef$5 Cover label with yellow transparent tape and attach
4
Sensitive
. PRINTED: O2/18/98
~ _1~~_ _.___'_-._. . __.____.r __._..., ;.._ ..ev_; *.,.. .__ Hve . . ___ T _ _ _ _ __, . _;= ._ . . , _ __,._:_:._ v_;_____e~-.e--__-.---<~---,.--7-.--.-.. _ - . . 1 92 ' _ ' _ _ " ..-_- _- ._~.. '.~,'-T. /I-':1..-.-.1-;t':~r1;~vt~.='.== -f..'- . -..= :.- .. .,.--rI-v-92.,r.-.->--.-;_z~..-_-,n;.-=' ..».""_""".~~_»-.:F"'i
_ _ _._ _.._._.. . . _ ~_.__ __. W-_..,_._. _. _ _ _.
.92'- i -
iéé - . .92§,* - Sensitive
Manual of Investigative Operations and Guidelines Part II 0 ' PAGE 131- 32
it securely to the package. "
7. If packing box is wooden-tack invoice envelope to
top under a transparent yellow cover.
EFFECTIVE: 04/01/96
13-6.7 . Evidence Chart See MIOG, Part I, 91-8l!, 139-3; Part
11, 13~3.1!, 133.1.2 !. 9!, 13-6.4.7 ! ¢!.!
The following chart is provided to give assistance in thecollection, identification, preservation, packaging, and sending ofevidence to the Laboratory. This chart should be used in conjunctionwith similar evidence information contained elsewhere in this section
under each type of examination desired. This evidence information and
chart are not intended to be all inclusive, and does not pertain to
latent fingerprint evidence. .
SAND, ETC.: -
- ' J
a! STANDARD AMOUNT DESIRED! - Not less than one
OUHCG . ZZT? ! SPECIMEN - ABRASIVES, Inctunxnc cnnnonunnun, EHERY,
b! EVIDENCE AMOUNT DESIRED! All
c!
d! IDENTIFICATION - On outside of container: Typeof material, date obtained, name or initials 'SEND BY - Registered mail or Federal Express
-' e! WRAPPING AND PACKING - Use sturdy containers,such as 35 mm film canister or pharmaceutical container. Seal to
prevent any loss. . ' '
f! REMARKS Avoid use of envelopes
! SPECIMEN ACIDS:
a! STANDARD AMOUNT nssxasn! 100 milliliters m1.! g
b! EVIDENCE mount DESIRED! All to 100 ml.fi? - .
Sensitive
. PRINTED: 02/18/93 -
._L_..,_ _ _ 'F- __ _ -.- ..~ .-. __-1---1---_-_H.__,,__,,;----' ~ ~ -_ _92
- u- _ - > ____ .___'. _. .. _ _._ ., . _ ___
. _ :__1
1-. 5;..;_rSensitive
Manual of Investigative Operations and GuidelinesPart II ' PAGE 13*" 33
Service
material.
cellophane.
ETC.:
gm-!
to 100 gm.
Service c! SEND BY - Federal Express or United Parcel " '
d! IDENTIFICATION - On outside of.container: Type
of material, date obtained, name or initials
e! WRAPPING AND PACKING ~ Plastic or all-glass
bottle. Tape stopper. Pack in vermiculite or other absorbent
f! REMARKS " Label "acidsncorrosive."
! SPECIMEN ADHESIVE TAPE:
a!
b!
c!
d!STANDARD AMOUNT DESIRED! T Recovered roll
EVIDENCE AMOUNT DESIRED! " All
SEND BY - Registered mail
IDENTIFICATION n On outside of container: Type
of material, date obtained, name or initials
e! WRAPPING AND PACKING - Place on waxed paper
E! REMARKS - Do not cut, wad or distort.
! SPECIMEN - ALKALIES - CAUSTIC SODA; POTASH, AMMONIA,
a! STANDARD AMOUNT DESIRED! 100 ml., 100 grams
, b! EVIDENCE AMOUNT DESIRED! A11 to 100 ml., All
c! SEND BY - Federal Espress or United Parcel
i a! IDENTIFICATION On outside of container: Type
of material, date obtained, name or initials
e! WRAPPING AND PACKING - Plastic or glass bottle
with rubber stopper held with adhesive tape. Pack in sawdust or
vermiculite. Label "Corrosive MaterialA1kali" and volume.
Sensitive
PRINTED: 02/18/98
-?---|: ___ +...e ___ 7-»-v frvw _ __ -~7-
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,¢92~
' - Sensitive I
' ' . -.
Manual of Investigative Operations and GuidelinesPart.Il 7 , PAGE 13i- 4 . / -
!
f! REMARKS - Label a1ka1icorrosive. N
92 ! srscmzn - AMMUNITION CARTRIDGES!:. See 9!.!
a! SEND BY - For instructions re: shipping live
ammunition, see 13-12.4.2 in this section. 7
b! IDENTIFICATION - On outside of container: Type
of material, date obtained, name or initials
N Q _w13A.1_=PIN<=e~P_ 24¢KIN@'_: 525 i25t1'_9_9_t_i°"_§_ 11. u ,. pg, ,_, _ _ I ___,; M, __ _ .1 __" up _ I nu 3 __g ____ ,g_ _shipping of live ammunition, see l312.4.2 in this section. See
' also 13l2.4.3.!
- d! REMARKS Unless specific examination of
cartridge is essential, do not submit. '
! SPECIMEN - ANONYMOUS LETTERS, EXTORTION LETTERS BANK
.2-ROBBERY moms: See 9!, 0!, 2!. 3!, 3!, 2!, 5!!
a! EVIDENCE mourn ossmsn! All Original
documents, not copies, whenever possible!
b! ssma av - Registered mail
_ c! IDENTIFICATION f Initial and date each unless
legal aspects or good judgment dictates otherwise.
d! WRAPPING AND PACKING Place in proper enclosure
'enve1ope and seal with "Evidence" tape or transparent cellophane tape.Flap side of envelope should show ! wording "Enclosure s! to FBIHQ
from name of submitting office!," ! title of case, ! brief
--description of contents, and ! file number, if known. Staple to
original letter_of transmittal.
e! REMARKS - Do not handle with bare hands. Adviseif evidence should be treated for latent fingerprints.
! srscmsn ans: -
!"STANDARD AMOUNT DESIRED! 5 10 milliliters
i b! SEND BY - Most expeditious means available
Egg? _ c! IDENTIFICATION - Label container identifying
Sensitive
PRINTED: U2/18/98 ' H
7 7' eY_-_ 7 *1 1 V r _ in-Q - e w , .=- ~»-H _ ,_,__._
,=§& A * . -' . '5'-¢' 11$%§*' I . . 5 Sensitive
Manual of Investigative Operations and Guidelines _
sample name of subject, date taken, initials of Agent. " -
' d!? WRAPPING AND PACKING Container in cardboard '
box with paper or styrofoam packing. _ .
7 e! REMARKS - Hold in freezer until personally
delivered or pack in dry ice for mailing by most expeditious means
available. Attach autopsy report. . _
; 8! SPECIMEN BLASTING cAPs CONTACT MATERIALS AND
DEVICES UNIT FOR INSTRUCTIONS.!.1-.
Part II ' ~ PAGE 13 35 . 3
9! SPECIMEN BLOOD LIQUID KNowN SAMPLES: see 13
6.1.4, 13~s.2.s ! & 13-8.4 !.! '
A a! STANDARD AMOUNT DESIRED! - l red top no
preservative! vacutainer vial for serological analysis and 1 purpletop EDTA! vacutainer vial for DNA analysis"
. I 92
b! EVIDENCE ANOUNI DESIRED! A11
c! SEND BY Air mail special delivery - airI freight or similar rapid transit method
i d! IDENTIFICATION - Use adhesive tape on outside of
test tube. Name of donor, date taken, doctor's name, name or initials
of Agent. . u I
e! WRAPPING AND PAcKING'> Wrap in cotton, softpaper. Place in mailing tube or suitably strong mailing carton.
f! REMARKS - Submit immediately. Don't holdawaiting additional items for comparison. Keep under refrigeration;
ENOT freezing, until mailing. NO refrigerants and/or dry ice should beadded to samp1e_uring transit. Fragile label. E '
" 0! SPECIMEN - BLOOD SMALL QUANTITIES LIQUID
QUESTIONED SAMPLES!: see MIOG, Part II, 138.1.4.! .
a! EvIDENcE ANUUNI DESIRED! A11
" b! SEND BY - Air mail special delivery - air
freight or similar rapid transit method' 1-
_.._-
,'_-1?. --.-' c! IDENTIFICATION Use adhesive tape on outside off
test tube. Name of donor, date taken, doctor's name, name or initials
Sensitive
PRINTED: 02/18/98_ - ~
e7 7., ._._ _ _. _.... _* . _,---_7 _ . _e_ee . -__ ~_.;. ._ ~e_~;. I -_;___=> _ ...~__;,»;;;_--;--%.'- r, T eke __-3 - v;--1.-.'.,.-,-.~|-_I~-. :>. __Y;:v
- s - ~ -- -~i--.--e ----~ -~--~>- ~ - -es - -ea - - ee - _e_.__
7 ,I.:{?.
.734.-..~'-A ~ea = Ii} Sensitive
Manual of Investigative Operations and GuidelinesPart II - PAGE
131- 36
of Agent. y 1
- d! WRAPPING AND PACKING - Wrap in cotton, softpaper. Place in mailing tube or suitably strong mailing carton.
- e! nsnsnxs If unable to EXPEDITIOUSLY furnishsample, allow to dry thoroughly on the nonporous surface, and scrapeoff; or collect by using eyedropper or clean spoon, transfer tononporous surface and let dry; or absorb in sterile gauze and let dry.
_ 1! SPECIMEN BLOOD SHALL QUANTITIES DRY STAINS NOT
9N FA¥RI¢$l1__5ss M10911¬§£F_!I1_l§:§el;;2___I1111 ___ 11-1 .1,
fr»: 92_I' a! EVIDENCE AMOUNT DESIRED! As much as possible
b! SEND BY Registered mail
A c! IDENTIFICATION On outside of pillbox or
plastic vial. Type of specimen date secured, name or initials.
d! WRAPPING AND PACKING - Seal to prevent leakage.' '3'|-
e! REMARKS - Keep dry. Avoid use of envelopes for
scrapings.
2! SPECIMEN BLOOD - SHALL QUANTITIES FOR
TOXICOLOGICAL USE!: see HIOG, Part II, 138.1.4, 13-3.2.4 !.!
a! EVIDENCE AMOUNT DESIRED! 20 cc. Blood andpreservative mixture! 1
b! SEND BY - Air mail special delivery --air
freight or similar rapid transit method ~
_ c! IDENTIFICATION - Use adhesive tape on outside oftest tube. Name of donor, date taken, doctor's-name, name or initialsof Agent. .
d! WRAPPING AND PACKING - Medical examiner should
use a standard blood collection kit.
' e! REMARKS - Preservative desired identify
preservation used!. Refrigerate. CAN freeze.
3! SPECIMEN - BLOOD STAINED ctornruc, FABRIC, ETC.: see MIOG, Part_II, 13s.1.4.! P
p Sensitive '
I ' PRINTED: 02/18/98 - A
____ ~_- _ _-V ee ~ --, ~ - -w~w- -~------~~-e -»-- ~71. qr;--v-r --;-»q-- -- Y"'7' %_
E _
Sensitive
Manual of Investigative Operations and GuidelinesPart II , ' V PAGE 13* 37
' a! EVIDENCE Amount DESIRED! As found
b! SEND BY Registered mail, Federal Express,'United Parcel Service UPS!
. c! IDENTIFICATION - Use tag or mark directly onclothes. Type of specimens, date'secured, name or initials.
_ d! WRAPPING AND PACKING - Each article wrapped
separately and identified on outside of package. Place in strong boxRl§2§Q.t2_P£?V°t 5hiftiss_9£is2Dt@nt§I _§F°"D_E§P°¥ basspshvsl beused for air-dried, blood-stained clothing items.
_ e! REMARKS " If wet when found, DRY BY HANGING.USE N0 HEAT TO DRY. Avoid direct sunlight while drying. Use no
preservatives. '
' 4! SPECIMEN son? ORGANS BRAIN, KIDNEY, LIVER, LUNG!:::i; See 3! and 0! below, and MIOG, Part II, 1310.1.5.! ,5
" R I !! EVIDENCE AMOUNT DESIRED! 75 grams of each
b!! SEND BY - Most expeditious means available
c! IDENTIFICATION - Label container indicating
organ, name of subject, date taken, initials of Agent
' d! WRAPPING AND PACKING - Styrofoam container
preferred to keep specimens frozen
l p e! REMARKS Hold in freezer until personally
delivered or pack in dry ice for mailing by most expeditious means
available. Attach autopsy report.
' 5!' SPECIMEN BULLETS NOT CARTRIDGES!: See HIOG, Part
II, 13-12.4.3.!
a! EVIDENCE AMOUNT DESIRED! ~ All found
b! SEND BY - Registered mail
c! IDENTIFICATION -Ilnitial or otherwise mark
primary container only]
d! WRAPPING AND PACKING Pack tightly in cotton or
Sensitive
PRINTED: 02/18/98 ~
7". ~>. -'.--"91.-7-.j_a.;:.. _ --.-_ 7 7- .v~< ,-- __ *~ 7 V 7 v~ e_.-P -<- -~-1- -- ~_w-q------we-,-»_ ¢u- Yww r w
,.,aa=. _ ~ :_;'_s-égga 1 .r7a;F Sensitive y
Manual of Investigative Operations and GuidelinesPart II " . . - ' PAGE 13-- 38
"-1. - .1
soft paper in pill, match or powder box. Label outside of box as to 'contents. .
e! REMARKS - Unnecessary handling obliterates marks
6! SPECIMEN " CARTRIDGES LIVE AMMUNITION!:
a! EVIDENCE AMOUNT DESIRED! " A11 found
_ b! SEND BY - For instructions re: shipping live
ammunition, see paragraph 13-12.4.2 in this section.
I '_*** c! IDENTIFICATION -]Initial or otherwise mark
primary container only|
i d! WRAPPING AND PACKING - Pack tightly in cotton orsoft paper in pill, match or powder box. Label outside of box as to
contents.
-L1. ,§ II,a. 7! SPECIMEN ~ CARTRIDGE casss SHELLS!: See MIOG, Part13-12.4.3.! -
a! EVIDENCE anounr nzsxnso! - All
b! ssno BY Registered mail
c! IDENTIFICATION |Initial or otherwise mark °primary container only]
I d! WRAPPING AND PACKING - Pack tightly in cotton or
soft paper in pill, match or powder box. Label outside of box as to
contents. "
- 3! srscrnsu cnannsn on BURNED DOCUMENTS: See 1317.4
3!.! . .
a! EVIDENCE AMOUNT DESIRED! A11
_ b! SEND BY ~ Registered mail
1 c! IDENTIFICATION '0n outside of containerindicate fragile nature of evidence, date obtained, name or initials.
. a! WRAPPING AND Pacxxno - Utilize polyester film;}§§ encapsulation technique contact Investigative Operations and Support§§% Section for instructions! OR Ship charred paper in original container
Sensitive
92 PRINTED: 02/18/98 -
.-' "" " " _i'-- :' '1 "- .1," 61?.-. - .. 2;":-"' f1.'-'-'-»....~' 1 '. 1. .1: '..'.- -1 -...;',- - ." :3 *.'- ' -*1- ."~="T'1',=-"1':1'_* "-"1=.n1'r"'r.'"'r<1f*-"-1"n:-~<-r~_--.-._-..._-
35.5 I no Sensitive
Hanual of Investigative Operations and GuidelinesPart II . PAGE 131* 39
in which it was burned at crime scene OR Pack in rigid container between layers of cotton. Do not compress layers.
- e! REMARKS - Added moisture, with_atomizer or
otherwise, NOT RECOMMENDED.
' 9! SPECIMEN - CHECKS FRAUDULENT!:
- a! EVIDENCE AMOUNT DESIRED! All originaldocuments, not copies, whenever possible!
_...s__ _...11-._-_a__Qvl_..-._$FPIP_.§!;ksi§£:2§_1:a£1 7 T1 -._
" c! IDENTIFICATION - See Anonymous Letters ! above _
d! WRAPPING AND PACKING - See Anonymous Letters !
above I
e! REMARKS - Advise what parts questioned or known. :ji Furnish physical description of subject. 'E- .-_
"" 0! SPECIMEN CHECK PROTECTOR, RUBBER STAMP AND/OR DATERSTAMP KNOWN STANDARDS NOTE: SEND ACTUAL DEVICE wnan POSSIBLE!
s a! STANDARD AMOUNT DESIRED! Obtain severalcopies in full word-for-word order of each questioned check-writerimpression. If unable to forward rubber stamps, prepare numerous
samples with different degrees of pressure.
b! SEND BY Registered mail
c! IDENTIFICATION Place name or initials, date,name of make and model, etc., on sample impressions.
_ ' ,i a! WRAPPING AND PACKING a See Anonymous Letters !
above and/or Packaging Chart paragraph 13-6.6! above
92 e! REMARKS Do not disturb inking mechanisms onprinting devices é C - _
1!. SPECIMEN CLOTHING:
a! EVIDENCE AMOUNT DESIRED! - All
f§$: »a b! SEND BY Registered mail, or Federal Express orfi United Parcel Service UPS!
Sensitive" PRINTED: 02/18/98 T
A .- $ I' ' Sens i t ive
Manual of Investigative Operations and Guidelines
.Part II -' PAGE l3" 4U
' - c! IDENTIFICATION - Mark directly on garment or use
string tag. Type of evidence, name or initials, date.
, d! WRAPPING AND PACKING - Each article individually
wrapped with identification written on outside of package.I Place instrong container. Clothing items should be individually packaged in
_ _paper bags.
I ' e! REMARKS - Leave clothing whole. Do not cut out
stains. _If wet,-HANG IN ROOM TO DRY before packing.
-MATERIAL
a!
. b!
1.; above
d!
! above
' e!
technical information..1...
-R
2! SPECIMEN - CODES, CIPHERS AND FOREIGN LANGUAGE
EVIDENCE AMOUNT DESIRED! A11
SEND BY - Registered mail I
IDENTIFICATION Same as Anonymous Letters !
WRAPPING AND PACKING Same as Anonymous Letters
REMARKS - Furnish pertinent background and
3! SPECIMEN - conrursn AND COMPUTER~RELATED ITEMS: See
6!!'
a!
b!EVIDENCE AMOUNT DESIRED! - All _
SEND BY Floppy disks registered mail; harddisks ~ by overnight express.
c!IDENTIFICATION - Label container indicating datetaken and initials of Agent.
o! WRAPPING AND PACKING See Anonymous Letters ! above. Package or envelope should be marked "Magnetic Media Evidence
Enclosed. Do not X-ray."
' e! REMARKS If computer diskettes are submitted,
¢§;% accompanying communication should, if possible, contain information.1@f"~ _regarding the make and model of computer used in their preparation.
Sensitive
PRINTED: 02/18/98 ' -
- it
ii§*; I D _@§§2 . . A 'gig? Sensitive _ ¥
Manual of Investigative Operations and Guidelines _ l ;QPart II - - ' PAGE 13"" 41 Ti4 ~.e~,
4! SPECIMEN - nnucs LIQUIDS: See 5!. 6!, 9!! I
a! EVIDENCE AMOUNT DESIRED! - A11 _
b! SEND BY - Registered mail, UPS or air express
c! IDENTIFICATION - Affix label to bottle in whichfound, including name or initials and date.
d! WRAPPING AND PACKING Bottle with sealable top.
_ H e! REMARKS ~ Determine alleged normal use of drugand if prescription; check with druggist for supposed ingredients. 1
' 5!p SPECIMEN - nnucs POHDERS, PILLS, SOLIDS: See I
92 . =-,.-_._ ;-"- I 1'1
a! EVIDENCE AMOUNT DESIRED! - All
@ § ' b! SEND BY - Registered mail, UPS or air express V
c! IDENTIFICATION On outside of pillbox, name orinitials and date D
=»- d! WRAPPING AND PACKING - Seal to prevent any lossby use of tape ' - _ "
6! SPECIMEN - DYNAMITE AND OTHER EXPLOSIVES OR SUSPECTED '
EXPLOSIVES CONTACT MATERIALS AND DEVICES UNIT FOR INSTRUCTIONS AND I SHIPPING CONTAINERS.!
" 7! srscrnsn FIBERS:
, a! STANDARD AMOUNT DESIRED! Entire garment or
other cloth item "
b! EVIDENCE AMOUNT DESIRED! " All
c! SEND BY Registered mail
d! IDENTIFICATION On outside of sealed containeror.on object to which fibers are adhering. -
'; - e! WRAPPING AND PACKING - Folded paper or pillbox.5 Seal edges and openings with tape.
A Sensitive
_ - - __ PRINTED: O2/18/98 -
%". .,..;-4 _ .__,,;'____ ._,-_ ;-vg- ~e__7 __ . 7 _e '_ H __,.' . -'_';:-7 r : --1-_ ._ vw~+~=---' -m-vrw->7~------»-
' .- 21;.I . :.92
V . !"___§_
, ' . "$4-'~
, WE"?. r ._-515
1 fa -=_».'§§Sens i t _ive ._.__>?. -. -=:-:..
. =. -.1... __g,:@§:-25¢
.4:_=-Z -- - -_ lé.l?4-'
_ .,¬-: Hanual of Investigative Operations and Guidelines ~§Part II A PAGE 13.-P 42. '4.51
f! REMARKS - Do not place loose in envelope.
Z8! SPECIMEN - FILM: _ ~
a! svrnsucs AMOUNT DESIRED! All
b! SEND BY - Registered mail
c! IDENTIFICATION If not developed mark outside"no NOT X-RAY." P" -
E I W I C d! ¥WRAPPINGWAND'PACKING :_If'HHt4déVel6pEdG¥apCiH_ * _ _ *E___T
lightproof container. .
9! SPECIMEN FIREARMS: See HIOG, Part II, 1312.4.3,13-12.5; HAOP, Part II, 22.2.2, 62.3.9;!g
a! EVIDENCE AMOUNT DESIRED! - A11
zjli b! SEND BY Registered mail or Federal Express
c! IDENTIFICATION Mark inconspicuously as if it ~were your own. Investigative notes should reflect how and where gunmarked. I
d! WRAPPING AND PACKING - Wrap in paper andidentify contents of package. Place in cardboard box or wooden box.
e! REMARKS - Unload all weapons before shipping.Keep from rusting. See Ammunition ! above, if applicable.
0! SPECIMEN - FLASH PAPER:
a! SEND BY Contact Investigative Operations andSupport Section Tor instructions _
p b! IDENTIFICATION - Initials and date.
c! WRAPPING AND PACKING - Individual polyethyleneenvelopes double wrapped in manila envelopes.' Inner wrapper sealedwith paper tape. _ .
d! REMARKS - Store between moistened sheets ofkj;y. blotter paper, with dry ice. Refrigerate if extended storage is
"§§Y necessary. 92
Sensitive
PRINTED: 02/13/98 p _
*: '?T :@*T@F3@fT?mJ?F*K?~~?75n?H7tmT§¥%r@;E7EKT?T T *EWF * *TEu%¥?I?TT7¬$WFTF$TT@?t"
@**A A 7
Sens i t ive
Manual of Investigative Operations and Cuidelines
Part II .
J A 1!
DEVICES unrr FOR
2!
a!
b!
c!~ - PAGE 13' 43
SPECIMEN FvsE_ sAFETY! CONTACT MATERIALS ANDCOMPLETE INSTRUCTIONS! '
SPECIMEN - GASOLINE: See HIOG, Part 11, 13~10.3.4.!
STANDARD AMOUNT DESIRED! 100 ml.
EVIDENCE AMOUNT DESIRED! All to 100 ml.
SEND BY - UPS or-Federal Express
d!IDENTIFICATION On outside of container, labelwith type of material, name or initials, and date.
e!WRAPPING AND PACKING - Use sturdy box containingbreakproof bottles and absorbent packing. '
A E! REMARKS ~ Shipping regulation - allow 4 oz.:£:k maximum per bottle.__p%.
'" 3! SPECIMEN GASTRIC CONTENTS: I
a!
b!
c!EVIDENCE AMOUNT DESIRED! All available
SEND BY Host expeditious means available
IDENTIFICATION Label container indicating"gastric contents," name of subject, date taken, initials of Agent.
d!WRAPPING AND.PACKING f Bottle with sealable topand pack as indicated under "Body organs," 4! above.
e!REMARKS - Hark package "Keep Refrigerated.
4! SPECIMEN GEMS: See MIOG, Part 11, 13~11.7.!
a!
ii!
c!
. * a!EVIDENCE AMOUNT DESIRED! - A11
SEND BY Registered mail
IDENTIFICATION - 0n outside of container
WRAPPING AND PACKING Use 35 mm film canister
or pharmaceutical container.
p Sensitive APRINTED: 02/18/98 ' ~
1, ..-Pf-17 A Sens i t ive
Manual of Investigative Operations and Guidelines
IPart II A1 PAGE 13- 44 T
5! SPECIMEN GENERAL UNKNOWN - so11ns NONHAZARDOUS!: "
a!
b!
c!
d!STANDARD AMOUNT nssxnsn! 100 gms.
EVIDENCE AMOUNT DESIRED! A11 to 100 gms.
SEND BY Registered mail
IDENTIFICATION Name or initials, date onoutside of sealed container.
_ .___ 1 H e!
,WRABRING_AND_PACKING_:Sameas_Drugs,_§l_and1.; K.
1
=._J1
5! above.
E!REMARKS - If item is suspected of being a _hazardous material, treat as such and contact Materials and DevicesUnit for shipping instructions.
6! SPECIMEN GENERAL UNKNOWN LIQUIDS NONHAZARDOUS!:
a!
b!
c!
d!
above.
e!
above.
f!STANDARD AMOUNT DESIRED! - 100 ml.
EVIDENCE AMOUNT nssxnsn! A11 to 100 mi.
SEND BY - Registered mail
IDENTIFICATION - Same as for liquid drugs, 4!
WRAPPING AND PACKING Same as drugs, 4!
REMARKS If item is suspected of being a"hazardous material, treat as such and contact Materials and Devices
Unit for shipping instructions. _ -
7! SPECIMEN - GLASS FRAGMENTS: See M100, Part 11, 13-
11.1.3.!
a!
b!
c!
Name or initials and
1EVIDENCE AMOUNT ossxnsn! A11
SEND BY - Registered mail, UPS or air express
IDENTIFICATION Adhesive tape on each piece.
date on tape. Separate questioned and known.
Sensitive
PRINTED: 02/18/98 ~we
W _ i __ ., .;_~¢-¬__ A V ~~,.~._~: ,92,~_'-- -.-_-__. . ..___ ' s 1---isweai, f,__,?_ ._._.__ _.. __1,. __._c.'._-_.___-_.T_.._.-.__._.-.-_.__..---_-.......,.,___,,
--- 1
Sensitive _
Manual of Investigative Operations and GuidelinesPart II. PAGE 13 45
'- a! WRAPPING AND PACKING Wrap each piece 'separately in cotton. Pack in strong box to prevent shifting and' breakage. Identify contents.
_ e! REMARKS - Avoid chipping and mark "Fragile."
' 8! SPECIMEN GLASS PARTICLES: See MIOG, Part_II, 13-
11.1.3.! .
E a! STANDARD AMOUNT DESIRED! - A11 of bottle orheadlight. Small piece of each broken pane.
b! EVIDENCE AMOUNT DESIRED! All
c! SEND BY 7 Registered mail
d! IDENTIFICATION Name or initials, date onoutside of sealed container ,
A g »_ e! WRAPPING AND PACKING - Use 35 mm film canister1.? or pharmaceutical container. '
f! REMARKS * Do not use envelopes or bags which
will tear.
9! SPECIMEN - GLASS WOOL INSULATION: See 5!!
A ! STANDARD AMOUNT DESIRED! - 1-inch mass fromeach suspect area V
b! EVIDENCE AMOUNT DESIRED! A11
c! SEND BY Registered mail
, , d! IDENTIFICATION - Name or initials, date on _outside of sealed container
' e! WRAPPING AND PACKING Sealed container
0! DELETED
1! SPECIMEN cunsnor RESIDUES on CLOTH:_ See 7!
and MIOG, Part II, 1312.4.1.! '
5...-V a! EVIDENCE AMOUNT DESIRED! - A11
' . ' Sensitive
. PRINTED: 02/18/98 ~
.5-1';
. :6 'J
'4.J"
lSensitive
Hanual of Investigative Operations and GuidelinesPart II n A I PAGE 13
b! SEND BY - Registered mail - --- 46
_ c! IDENTIFICATION - Attach string tag or markdirectly. _Type of material, date, and name or initials.
d! WRAPPING AND PACKING Place fabric flat betweenlayers of paper and then wrap so that no residue will be transferredor lost. - e S ' I -
e! REMARKS Avoid shaking.
_ 2! SEECZEEN HAIR
' - a! STANDARD AMOUNT DESIRED! - 25 or more full
length hairs randomly selected from head or pubic regions. Shouldinclude both pluckings and combings, separately enclosed in envelopesand marked accordingly. '
b! EVIDENCE AMOUNT DESIRED! - All
c! SEND BY - Registered mail
- d! IDENTIFICATION On outside of container. Typeof material, date, and name or initials. '
/ ' ' E" e! WRAPPING AND PACKING Folded paper er pillbox.Seal edges and openings with tape. _
f! REMARKS - Do.not place loose in envelope.
3! SPECIMEN - HANDWRITING AND HAND PRINTING, KNOWN
STANDARDS:
a! STANDARD AMOUNT DESIRED! r For instructions re:obtaining known standards, see paragraph 1317.2.3 in this section
b! sewn BY Registered mail
_ e! IDENTIFICATION - Name or initials, date, fromwhom obtained, and voluntary statement should be included in
appropriate place. -
O d! WRAPPING AND PACKING - Same.as Anonymous Letters! above. I .
4! SPECIMEN HOAX BOMB DEVICES AND/OR COMPONENTS FOR
_ Sensitive -
PRINTED: 02/18/98 l
.Ta_ _.. .e_.___ "ah" _ _ ._ C a ._ . ., T_ 37,--_;» -~ ~ - _q~ , rm. ea":-_---._. .-*.7-"*:i*,'"'L~ -1- -~»:_.-,-_-+.7,-_-e_-_-1-g-,--_-_errew-:1;-Q»-V .1, ___~a-w-e~--.-,_,.....,.1
A _ A _ _ . _. _e_.___.-__ .-_ _._. _ ___._.__. I .- __.._ _... _._. ,92.A _ . _ ____ _ _ _____
---v
Sensitive-
Hanual of Investigative Operations and
Part II-1. ' -4:
Guidelines
_' PAGE 13_* 47- v
' INSTRUCTIONS, CONTACT THE MATERIALS AND DEVICES UNIT.! See also
MIOG, Part I, 91-8; Part II, 13-16.6.!
5! INSULATION
'9! ABOVE.!SPECIMEN ~
' 6! SPECIMEN
1 7! SPECIMEN
I, 139-3! d!,
my _* W 8! sPEcINEN f MATCHES; SEE GLASS WOOL INSULATION,
J
MAGNETIC MEDIA SEE COMPUTER, 3! ABOVE.!
MAGNETIC TAPE RECORDINGS SEE HIOG, PART
PART II, SECTION 16, PARAGRAPHS 16-3 T0 16s.2.4.!
.. a
- IV
'3"9292;...-| ASTANDARD AMOUNT
of wood.I =1!
box
b!
c!
!paper. One full
EVIDENCE ANOUNT
SEND BY - UPS or
IDENTIFICATION "
of material, date, and name or initialsDESIREDD - One to two books of
DESIRED! A11
Federal Express
On outside of container. Type
e! WRAPPING AND PACKING ~ Metal container and
packed in larger
container packedpackage to prevent shifting. Matches in box or metal
to prevent friction between matches. I
f! "REMARKS - Keep away from fire. "Keep away from
fire" label
9!
ABOVE.!
SPECIMEN HETAEI
a!
b!
c!
d!
of material, date, and name or initials. so!SPECIMEN - MEDICINES SEE DRUGS, 4! AND 5!
STANDARD AMOUNT DESIRED! One pound
L»
EVIDENCE AMOUNT DESIRED! - All to one pound
SEND BY - Registered mail, UPS or air express
IDENTIFICATION ~ On outside of container. Type
"~ ' e! WRAPPING AND PACKING - Use paper boxes or éggg containers. Seal and use strong paper or wooden box. -
's
1 A
Sensitive .
_ PRINTED: 02/18/98 . H
__ ___ _ v_ _T,___ - -.- s-.--_.--._.,._a ~a-_.,i...,.=.;.1,_--._,_- -.._, 1 -- A i
i 1:.
Ei
Sensitive
u
Manual of Investigative Operations and Guidelines
Part II
E!PAGE 13'- 48
REMARKS - Melt number, heat treatment, and other
specifications of foundry if available. Keep from rusting.
1! SPECIMEN - OIL: See MIOG, Part II, 13-10.3.4.!
a!
nith-specifications
b!
, c! .5ENDmBYA:AAnYA@LhQQ_____I ___
7.
~a.J
->.":;F , ~~wub
,1;-_;-.,
gs»
92 d!STANDARD AMOUNT DEsIRED! 250 ml. together
EVIDENCE AMOUNT DESIRED! All to 250 ml.
IDENTIFICATION - On outside of container. Type
of material, date, and name or initials.
e!WRAPPING AND PACKING - Container with tight
screw top. Pack in strong box using encelsior or similar material.
f!REMARKS - Keep away from Eire.
2! SPECIMEN - OBLITERATED, ERADICATED, OR INDENTED
WRITING:
a!
b!
c!
above
d!
Letters, ! above
_ e!
methods may be used.
3!
a!
container, up toEVIDENCE AMOUNT DESIRED! All
SEND BY Registered mail
IDENTIFICATION Same as Anonymous Letters, !
WRAPPING AND PACKING Same as Anonymous
REMARKS - Advise whether bleaching or staining
Avoid £olding.- - I
SPECIMEN - PAINT - LIQUID:
STANDARD AMOUNT DESIRED! - Original unopened.
1 gallon if possible
b! EVIDENCE AMOUNT DESIRED! All to 1/4 pint
c!SEND BY - Registered mail, UPS or air express
Sensitive
PRINTED: 02/18/98
. .{'V I ___.__ _ AL - _
. - .511?1 . M 77- - - 7 " " '¬5=<'=-_v,_.1_ .
Sensitive
Manual of Investigative Operations and Guidelines
Part II p
d!~ ' mos 13- 49
IDENTIFICATION - On outside of container. Type '
of material, origin if known, date, name or initials;
esWRAPPING AND PACKING Friction-top paint can or
large-mouth, screw-top jars. If glass, pack to prevent breakage. Use
heavy corrugated paper or wooden box.
4! SPECIMEN " PAINT - SOLID PAINT CHIPS OR SCRAPINGS!:
a!
inch of painted area if possible, with all layers represented.- Take
_ _______representative_samples_ftom_several areasI0f_kn0wn_source_and_secure
separately.
-- b!
object, send object.
c!
7; d!- i of material, origin
e!STANDARD AMOUNT DESIRED! At 1635: 1/2 square
4~-v
EVIDENCE AMOUNT DESIRED! All. If on small
SEND BY Registered mail, UPS or air express
IDENTIFICATION On outside of container. Type
if known, date, name or initials. -
WRAPPING AND PACKING - Use 35 mm film canister
or pharmaceutical container. Seal to prevent leakage. Paper and
plastic envelopes are not satisfactory. Do not pack in cotton.I us!
REMARKS - Avoid contact with adhesive materials
such as fingerprint lifting tape or other pressure sensitive tape.
Wrap so as to protect smear. _
5! SPECIMEN - PHOTOGRAPHS:
a!
b!
L . c!
"D0 NUT X-RAY" .
d!;
lightproof container.EVIDENCE AMOUNT DESIRED! - All
SEND BY - Registered mail
IDENTIFICATION - If not developed mark outside
k _
WRAPPING AND PACKING - If not developed wrap in
' 6! SPECIMEN - DENTAL srom: CASTS 01-" TIRE TREADS AND SHOE
PRINTS: See 1319.1.2.!
Sensitive
PRINTED: 02/13/93 *
-_1_
.. ._ ... _ ..-,__._ ___ ._ _._.____._. ,_. __.___ Q _e.__._ __.__ .......__..iP .. ._ , Q. . _._ ____.._._i._'___
¢¢* E Sensitive
Hanual of_Investigative Operations and GuidelinesPart II PAGE. 13r-. 5°
A 7! SPECIMEN - POWDER PATTERNS SEE GUN SHOT RESIDUES, '
1! ABOVE.! ,
8! SPECIMEN " ROPE, TWINE, AND CORDAGE:
a! STANDARD AMOUNT DESIRED! - One yard or amountavailable _ '
- b!
c!' EVIDENCE AMOUNT DESIRED! All
SEND BY Registered mail
d!
material, date, name
e!IDENTIFICATION On tag or container. Type of
or initials.
WRAPPING AND PACKING - Wrap securely.
' 9! SPECIMEN .SAFE INSULATION: See MIOG, Part II, 13-
11.3.2.! '
~ 9% '
' areas a! STANDARD AMOUNT DESIRED! ~ Sample all damaged
b! EVIDENCE AMOUNT DESIRED! - All
c! SEND BY - Registered mail, UPS or air express
d! IDENTIFICATION - on outside of container. Type
of material, date, name or initials -
_ e! WRAPPING AND PACKING - Use 35 mm film-canister
or pharmaceutical container. Seal to prevent any loss.
~ E! REMARKS Avoid use of glass containers and
envelopes. _ f
0! SPECIHENS SALIVA SANPLES: See MIOG, Part II,
13-8.2.4.!. ' ,
a! STANDARD AMOUNT DESIRED! - Collect on salivaswab cotton-tipped applicator!, generally, five-inch long woodenstick with cotton tip.
b! EVIDENCE AMOUNT DESIRED! - A11
- C! SEND BY -92 Regi-stered'mai1
Sensitive '
A PRINTED: 02/18/98 A
"n . E.-1'.__ ..._ __ _ *7 _ ___ _ _ __ e- ~ _ _ -- -- --e _ ___ i ,___
1--;; .
19¢? - Sensitive _
Manual of Investigative Operations and GuidelinesPart II ' _ . PAGE 13-- 51 EI
d! IDENTIFICATION On outside envelope put type ofsample, date and place of collection and collector's initials.
' B! WRAPPING AND PACKING - Seal in envelope.
' i f! REMARKS " Applicators can be purchased in
individually wrapped sterile packets which contain a single sterileswab. Allow to dry before placing in envelope.
1! SPECIMEN SHOE PRINT LIFTS IMPRESSIONS ON HARD
SURFACES!;,_ SeegMIOG,,Part"II,_l3:l9.l.S,l___m_ _____¥W___"_W _
a! STANDARD AMOUNT DESIRED! - Photograph before -
making of dust impression.
b! EVIDENCE AMOUNT DESIRED! All
c! SEND BY - Registered mail
IDHE ! IDENTIFICATION On lifting tape or paper" attached to tape." Name or initials and date.
_ e! WRAPPING AND PACKING - Prints in dust are easilydamaged. Fasten print or lift to bottom of a box so that nothing will
rub against it.
E! REMARKS - Always rope off crime scene area untilshoe prints or tire treads are located and preserved.
2! SPECIMEN SOILS AND MINERALS: See MIOG, Part 11,1311.2.2 and 1311.2.3.!
- a! STANDARD AMOUNT DESIRED! - Samples from areas
near pertinent spot.
b! EVIDENCE AMOUNT DESIRED! - All
e! SEND BY - Registered mail
' d! IDENTIFICATION On outside of container. Typeof material, date, name or initials. 1
- e! WRAPPING AND PACKING - Use 35 mm film canisteror pharmaceutical container. ' '
Sensitive
PRINTED: 02/18/98 -
"- V -.,. _ .. A? ~;~_ ~ _ _ . -: ~ . --__ 92**v?'_?P - _*_-_-at 7---. -, _.-s_._.._..-,__._._,__-_...--. -as-1-._.T .,............__----__.__.,,__._..
.>-'1-_-_ _ '17'? -.- A . . _ 1E3: Sensitive g
Manual of Investigative Operations and Guidelines'Part II' ' - " .- ' PAGE 13'- 52
E! REMARKS - Avoid glass containers-and envelopes. '
3! SPECIMEN - TOOLS:
- a! EVIDENCE AMUUNT DESIRED! - A11
b! SEND BY Registered mail, UPS or air express
A e! IDENTIFICATION ~ On tools or use string tag.
Type of tool, identifying number, date, name or initials.
CI I ' A at d!IAWRAPPINGIAND_PACKING_:_Hrap_each_too1_inNpaperLm___,A___n,wm__4A__N Use strong cardboard or wooden box with tools packed to prevent
shifting. "
4! SPECIMEN - TO0LMARKS:' see 2! and MIoC, Part II,1313.3, 13-13.4.! -
a! STANDARD AMOUNT DESIRED! Send in the tool. ii? If impractical, call Firearms/Toolmarks Unit for instructions. F ..'§;. _
** b! EVIDENCE AMOUNT DESIRED! - A11
C! SEND BY - Registered mail, UPS or air express
I d! IDENTIFICATION - On object or on tag attached to* or on opposite end from where toolmarks appear. Name or initials and
date.
~ e! WRAPPING AND PACKING After marks have been
protected with soft paper, wrap in strong wrapping paper, place instrong box, and pack to prevent shifting.
5! SPECIMEN - TYPEWRITING,'KNOWN STANDARDS:
- a! STANDARD AMUUNT DESIRED! For instructions re:
obtaining known standards see paragraph 13-17.2.4 in this section
' b! sEND BY Registered mail _
_ - c! IDENTIFICATION Place name or initials, date,C serial number, name of make and model, etc}, on specimensn -
d!- WRAPPING AND PACKING_- Same as Anonymous
Letters, ! above.
- Sensitive
. . PRINTED: 02/18/98 A ~
sh" .~92"e; I"1.'F¢'£T . '34F4»,-' ,..'.'
.-CiESensitive
Hanual of Investigative Operations and Guidelines -
Part II PAGE_ 13 - 53
/L e!REMARKS - Examine ribbon for evidence of
questioned message thereon.
6! srscznsu URINE: A . '
a!
b!
c!STANDARD AMOUNT DESIRED! - 50 =6 minimum
- .
SEND BY - Registered mail _
IDENTIFICATION - Label container indicating"urine," name of subject, date taken, initials of Agent..-
d!WRAPPING AND PACKING Bottle with sealable top,surrounded with absorbent material to prevent breakage. Strong
cardboard or wooden box, refrigerate if possible.
e!, REMARKS - Mark package "Keep Refrigerated."
7! SPECIMEN VAGINAL SAMPLES - SLIDES MICROSCOPE!:
See 8! and HIOG, Part 11, 13~3.2.5.! 6
A a!
slides
b!
I c! IDENTIFICATION - Label with type of sample, nameEVIDENCE AMOUNT DESIRED! Minimum of two .
SEND BY Registered mail
of donor, date and place of collection and collector's initials.
d!
e!WRAPPING AND PACKING - Use commercial slide box.
REMARKS - Slide box,availab1e at hospitals.
Doctor should not fix slides. No cover slips. Air dry.
8! _SPECIMEN VAGINAL SAMPLES SHABS: See MIOG, Part
II, 13-3.2.5.!
a!
from same package as
b!
c!STANDARD AMOUNT DESIRED! - Two unstained swabs
stained. _
EVIDENCE Amount nssrnso! Minimum of two swabs
SEND BY - Express mail
IDENTIFICATION Same as 7! above.
Sensitive
_ PRINTED: 02/13/98 -92A w4
_ _ ____ __ _ 1 V _. _ _ ___ Aw -.,_ <1-,-. -.1_ mi -_..._,.....-__.__ __».,- .--w-_--..-,-'_.,__
--. _;.'
. . - I T- -- -vs» - --- -_.._sc._ - - _..~-..-...- __.._...... _..-_._.____ _.. _. . _.__. _ ___a _ __,__
.-J-1,_-$.14.~~ ,- .¬%
age? Sensitive ,§§
;: I 11:31."
. _ ' .1; . L-Manual of Investigative Operations and Guidelines ug-_ Part II. - PAGE 13- 54 F
*1 e! WRAPPING AND PACKING - Seal in envelope. '
_ _ f! REMARKS - Allow swabs to dry before packaging, I~ refrigerate or freeze. - ,
~ 9! SPECIMEN vxoro TAPES: Q
a! EVIDENCE AMOUNT nssxnrn! Always submitoriginal -
b! sewn av Registered mail i
c! IDENTIFICATION ~ Place name or initials, dateand identification number on cassette housing.
d! WRAPPING AND PACKING Wrap securely. Strong
cardboard box with three inches of paper crumpled around all sides ofthe video tapes. Do not use foam packing material.
=§§ e! REMARKS * Mark the package "Video Tape" or r-qY§ "Recorded Magnetic Medium."
0! SPECIMEN VITREOUS HUMOR:
a! STANDARD AMOUNT DESIRED! All
b! SEND BY ~ Most.expeditious means available W
c! IDENTIFICATION - Label container indicating"vitreous humor," name of subject, date taken, initials of Agent V
d! WRAPPING AND PACKING Glass bottle with
sealable top and pack as indicated for "Body organs," 4! above.
_ e! REMARKS Refrigerate only do not freeze! until _personally delivered. Keep cool during delivery time. Attach autopsy
report.
1! SPECIMEN - WATER:
a! STANDARD AMOUNT DESIRED! 1 Liter ~
b! EVIDENCE AMOUNT DESIRED! 1 Liter
e! smn BY Registered I-nail4"-
Sensitive
PRINTED: 02/18/98 ~ '
__:;_g;'.:-.;_ -
¢,- ' Sensitive
. - 0 ¢
Manual of Investigative Operations and GuidelinesPart 11' ' - - I " PAGE 13"- ss
d! IDENTIFICATION - Date and initial
_ e! WRAPPING AND PACKING Use bottle with sealabletop. _ - é ~
2! SPECIMEN - WIRE SEE ALSO TOOLMARKS, 4! ABOVE.!:
. ' a! STANDARD AMOUNT nzsxnzn! Three feet Do not
kink.! I -
b! EVIDENCE AMOUNT DESIRED! - A11 Do not kink.!I .
H;-'3'
, -c...r.
. :"
*1.
.,:4.
:5 =-;-
Ff:,-x-
Ei.--»
, .
4%
c! SEND BY - Registered mail
d! IDENTIFICATION - on label or tag. Type of
material, date, name or initials. '
e! WRAPPING AND PACKING Wrap securely.
¥f§A E! REMARKS - Do not kink wire.
'* 3! SPECIMEN noon:
' a! STANDARD AMOUNT DESIRED! One £00: or amount
available. A
b! EVIDENCE AMOUNT DESIRED! A11
c! SEND BY Registered mail
d! IDENTIFICATION - On label or tag. Type of
material, date, name or initials. I
' e!WRAPPING AND PACKING - Wrap securely
EFFECTIVE: 11/21/97
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" Manual of Investigative Operations and Guidelines
Part II . _ ' PAGE 13
13*6.7.1 Hazardous Materials See MIOG, Part II, 13-3.1! andI ~ [13-15.1.6; 1-mop, Part 11, 2-4.4.3.!| -
Over 3,000 items, including flash paper,_live ammunition,
explosives, radioactive materials, flammable liquids and solids,
flammable and nonflammable gases, spontaneously combustible
substances, and oxidizing and corrosive materials are currently
considered as hazardous materials. All require special packaging and
the amount of each item which can be shipped is regulated. Therefore,
the applicable action listed below is to be taken:
! F ash paper Contact Investigative 0pe£ationsan_.92. ;tIis-H- ,1/.
.>s'> :
E
1 : _ g g d
Support Section for shipping instructionsiEACH*K5_EVE§Y TIME this
item is to be submitted to the Laboratory. .
! Live ammunition: For shipping instructions see 13-
12.4.2 elsewhere in this section.
! Other hazardous materials: Contact thefaterials
and Devices Unitlfor shipping instructions EACH AND EVERY TIME any
_;_§ hazardous material,-except flash paper or live ammunition, is to be
submitted to the Laboratory. '
EFFECTIVE: 04/07/97
- 13-6.7.2 Nonhazardous Materials
l If evidence of this type is not found in this chart or
elsewhere in this section, locate a specimen which is most similar in
nature and take the appropriate actions or call the Laboratory at 202-
-FBI44l0 for general instructions.
a
EFFECTIVE: 05/26/83
~?-'l 29
iSensitive
PRINTED: 02/18/98
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Hanual of Investigative Operations and Guidelines
Part II - PAGE 13
13-7 . FIELD PHOTOGRAPHY
The purpose of the information under this caption is to
provide some of the general guidelines pertaining to.Bureau
photographic matters and to list by name, description, and use the
types of document copying, microfilming,*general photographing, and
surveillance equipment available to the various field offices. For
information concerning photographic examinations conducted in the
Laboratory see|MIOG, Part II, 13-7.6 and l3-7.6.1.!|
EFFECTIVE: 07/25/97 O
13-7.1 General Guidelines
EFFECTIVE: O4/19/91
I3-7.1.1 Laboratory Photographic Responsibilities
| l!| The S ' Photographic Unit SPU! of the Laboratory Room 3449, Extensiolis responsible for all photographic
matters to include survei_ ance photography, nonroutine requests,
unusual processing requirements, examination of photographic evidence,
and all other_photographic equipment requests, repairs, problems, or
other inquiries. SPU has been funded to supply the field with most
photographic equipment; therefore, requests for routine photographic
equipment should be directed to SPU through the field office '
Photographic Technician.- SPU|is|the funding|source]for all
photographic equipment there is no other source available to the
field!. If there is any doubt regarding equipment, contact SPU, for
assistance and clarification. SPU also handles all photographic
tradecraft in FCI matters. . -
|!| The|SPU alsolhandles all general processing and mass
production photographic work. ThisIincludes|the capability of doing
copy work on film of documents, objects, i.e., photographs, jewelry,
etc., and duplication of slides and making of slides from original art
work for training purposes. |SPU|handles equipment needs for darkroom
and "mug shot" photography. This is defined as photographic
processing and finishing, studio and "mug shot" areas to include those
facilities in use within the field office and off-site facilities.
SPUIwill also handle the design of field office darkrooms and those
Sensitive
_PRINTED: 02/18/98r- 57
- Sensitive
Manual of Investigative Operations and Guidelines
Part 11 T T _ -p-T " .r PAGE _13
related areas due to moves or renovations. All related equipment .
selection, procurement, inventory and distribution, including sinks,
cabinets, enlargers, miscellaneous darkroom equipment, processing and
finishing equipment, mug shot and copying equipment that relate to the
» darkroom areas will also be handled by|SPU.|
video imagery where the image requires enhancement and theI ! |The SPU is responsible for the processing of the .
preparation of a photographic print. This video imagery may T '
originate from timerlapse or full-motion video tapes of any format or
from still video disks. SPU can provide photographic prints and/or
video tapes of these enhanced images. Requests for comparisons of- 581
it
.
~:
;..
4
1 forwarded directly to sru. See 137.6.1.!|
communication|under the case caption.
of film processing, color and black and white enlarging and>-
T requests should be submitted with an FD523.[ 'video imagery to known §n5E6gra553E prints or :a 6£ner"su5aI£raa
~ evidence guns, articles of clothing, bags, hats, etc.! should be
f!| Submissions to the SPU should be by|electronic
_ _ |!| The[SPU|of the Laboratory Division oversees the areas
C3.lIlB1'3
copy work, and slide reproduction, all on a quantitative basis. |These
|!| The filmvprocessing functions are inclusive of color
negative C-41!, color positive E-6!, microfilms, and all black and
white negatives.
1 |!| Color and black and white enlargements made from
negatives are processed to specifications which can vary in
I of 3 1/2 by Slincheslto 40 by 60|inches.| There is also the
of processing color enlargements from slides; however, this
the preparation of an internegative which can result in theI.reso1ution and color reproduction in larger prints.
EFFECTIVE: 07/25/97
.1 ,'.'.:'- _
. Sensitive p
PRINTED: 02/18/98dimensions
capability
involves
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Sensitive .
Manual of Investigative Operations and Guidelines
Part II _ -_ 1 M - PAGE 13--1
13-7.1.2 Personal Identification "mug"! Photographs
| | See MIOG, Part 11,l11-4.9.!| ;
. Personal identification color "mug"! photographs should
include the head and shoulders in full face view and profile. If not
otherwise equipped, use the Mamiya 645, with flash equipment or flood
lamps and, if available, a white background. Include identifying
data and a visible gray scale in all pictures. If the equipment for
this purpose is v ilable, contact the|Special Photographic Unit|
Room|3449,|Ext. -.I.=._
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13-7.1.3 Polaroid Photographs g
' l Polaroid cameras and 4- by 5-inch Speed Graphic! polaroid
"*- film holders are available in many offices. The use of polaroidZZEI should be limited to those situations in which an immediate
" ' photographic print_wil1 definitely further the investigation. In
other situations, conventional photography should be used.L. Q.-
EFFECTIVE: 04/19/91
137.1.4 Color Photography
.The use of color photography should be considered during
the course of all investigations where a record of the color or color
contrast may be a factor in the evaluation of the evidence. Color I
iiphotographs may be-particularly helpful and important in recording the
I bloodstains in a crime scene; color negative|processing should be
used. When color photographs are to be made, 120 or 35mm film is
preferred. Closely follow the instructions provided with the film as
to lighting and exposure data. Good quality color prints can be made
from a color negative. If projection slides are desired, color '
reversal positive! properly exposed film, such as Ektachrome or 3H CS
Type Film and FUJI can be used. Under no circumstances should
Kodachrome film be used.! - - ' 0
Lw.=¢eva
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Manual of Investigative Operations and Guidelines e
Part II PAGE 13- 60
EFFECTIVE: O4/19/91
l37.2
Name of
Equipment
Mamiya 645
L .
Canonland Nikon|
Camera Systems
I
EFFECTIVE: 04/19/91
13-7.3
Name of
Equipment
Attache
photocopy-
unitsp
,; ii.-.5 - _-. 3 ;.:
"nGeneral Photographic Equipment
Description
120mm roll film camera.
Kit includes camera,
motor driyeL_£lash and__m"
lens. ,
35mm camera. Lens.
available 24mm-|2000|mm.
Numerous other special
application accessories
are supplied or are
available on request.
Hicrofilming Equipment
Description ' _
Portable, completely
self-contained, collap-
sible document copy
equipment carried in an
attache case, 18" by 12"
by 4 3/4", weighing 16
lbs. Electronic photo-
flash lights powered by
self-contained 6vo1t
four "C" cells! battery
pack or AC/DC. Camera is
standard 36 exposure 35mm
Olympus with lens. ~Newer
models will have AC/DC
Sensitive
PRINTED: 02/18/98Use
Aerial, crime scene,
"mug" and document p
ph.0te<>sra1=hy_.__..._ -
Primarily intended
for use as a
surveillance system.
Also used in
some concealments and
remote applications.
Use
Rapid photography of
small number of
documents including
bound and large-size
documents. Do not use
color film.
1---;.
..;_:-.92; " T '-"T1-='-'='1"T'1'*%5" ~I=.'j- rr.':*_-:--"--*~'--'-A-~' - ,,_ T .1 ._ __;. T.-,.,ggé . . .Mu Sensitive
Hanual of Investigative Operations and Guidelines
Part II - - = PAGE 13
operation and larger film
capacity options.
v
EFFECTIVE: 04/19/91
13-7.4 Deleted
EFFECTTVE: 02/12/92 ' _ . _ V92.
61
13-7.5 Photographic Surveillance
The objective of surveillance photography is generally to
obtain recognizable, identification images of individuals or i
to record events as they occur, or over a long period of time.
Conventional still photography should be used in all instances._F.k__
of prime importance and quality is secondary. Motion pictures
detail is of high importance! or closed circuit TV CCTV1 shou
-used if the prime objective is to record the action taking pla
- event that occurs over a long period of time. When bothtems, or
where
recognition or identifiable detail is required. Still video is not to
be used unless the immediate electronic transmission of the image is
if
ld be
C6 01' 311
identification and action are required still photography and CCTV
should be used simultaneously. CCTV images and motion picture
cannot be substituted for conventional still photography since
not possible to make high-quality, hardcopy enlargements from
processes. See Part II, 9-1! of this manual concerning the
photographic technicians for photographic surveillances.! |The
will design and install unmanned automatic still-camera survei
-systems
EFFECTIVE: 02/12/92
I
r 1"92_ I
?§@
up
Sensitive '
PRINTED: U2/18/98images
it is
these
use of
SPU
llance
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Manual of Investigative Operations and Guidelines
Part II _ - ' PAGE 131- 62
13*7.$.l Long Range Photography With Telephoto Equipment '
The lens used depends upon the distance from the subject
to the cover available. .
! Telephoto lenses are available for still photography
at distances up to 1500': ,' '
Distance Range Rec. Lens Focal Length mm's per foot!
50' - 150' e up to 300mm.
150' ~ 300' _ 300mm to 600mm. _ _ __ _ __
300' - 600' 600mm CO 1200mm.
600' - 1500' 1200mm to 3000mm.
! Fast telephoto lenses are available for photography
in situations in which the intensity of the light available is low.
These are limited to up to 400mm. '
-g ! Deleted g
EFFECTIVE: 02/12/92~.
13-7.5.2 Night Surveillance Equipment _
! Night photographic surveillance problems may be
solved with the utilization of light intensification equipment
provided to each Special Operations Group SOG! and maintained by the
Special Photographic Unit, Laboratory Division. Night viewing devices
are not designed for photography. ,
- ! Ultrahigh-speed films for surveillance photography in
lowrlight-level situations, such as a dimly lighted street or entryway
at night, are available. The use of such films with available fast
lenses extends surveillance photography to many nighttime.and other
situations where the available light is extremely low. Film,
equipment, and assistance for these applications can be obtained from
the Laboratory. - _ ,11
_ " ! Infrared photography can be used to obtain' -
photographs in total darkness. High-speed infrared film, infrared
flashbulbs, light sources and infrared filters for light sources areiii? available for such installations.
_Sensitive
PRINTED: 02/18/93 1 _
' a a '. 33
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Hanual of Investigative Operations and Guidelines "
Part II ' ' ~_ PAGE l3"- 63
offices are equipped with a . .Personnel in those officesphave een .J Only those personnel are to utilize the-i ' "units. E - ,. '
. _ ,
EFFECTIVE: O2/12/92
13-7.5.3 Photography With Concealed Cameras
| l!__Concealed cameras|are|mo
he incl '
pment and concealments are available for FCI cases.
92 Contact the Special Photographic Unit on the secure phone system.
! The concealments can be activated by individuals at
-7; the scene or by remote control for unmanned surveillances or camera
= ¥ traps. Such equipment can be operated by direct wire connection,
" timers, tripping devices or radio control.
' ! Camera equipment is available which is readily
adaptable for use from cover in mobile equipment-automobiles, panel
trucks, etc. Reflex through the.lens! focusing cameras are .
particularly useful for this application.
EFFECTIVE: O7/25/97
~137.5.4 Aerial Photography
Aerial photography|can be used for planning, intelligence
gathering and court purposes. The Maniya 645 provided to the field
is the recommended camera for from fixed
aircraft or
ens
rmation and scheduling. -
f'._-__-;';§: .
_.-1;:
,-._
_ Sensitive v
. PRINTED: 02/18/98 . »
T! -*.'r;TF.-'_- -;".*"':¢',*.",'Ii*-"-"-92._7.»_. -- T_'5§. .11 *'.: ;T . _ '- - -- w-Y, - -- --i - F1. -'-t- ' - ii T1 *="*Y'="'**7" T"'** '"--- *"*-'"'*-Y'**.~<"w -92---.-_.,-.--....
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. P,92. _ 1.
Sensitive
Manual of Investigative Operations and Guidelines
Part II . - -' ' PAGE 13 -
EFFECTIVE: 05/26/89 *
13*7.5.5 |Emergency Operational Support-
A specialized photographic Emergency Response Team will
provide immediate onscene photographic intelligence during a crisis
situation or any case requiring immediate results. Equipment,
including a portable darkroom system, is prepackaged for immediate
deployment to anywhere in the world. This whole-team concept and
equipment_is_designed_to_provideiphotographic_results_withoutiany,,4ii_w
Contact the Special Photographic Unit, Extension for
information and schedu1ing.l . 'outside source of personnel or other resources sh:-alectricity.
1
EFFECTIVE: O5/26/89
13-7.5.6 Deleted
92
EFFEETIVE: 11/20/90
13-7.6| Photographic Examinations | See MIOG, Part II, 103, 13-7,
and 13-7.6.1.! Formerly 13-18!|
! Forensic examinations of photographic evidence are
available from the Special Photographic Unit. Photographic evidence
may include: ' - .
, a! Film negatives
b! Slides
c! Instant prints/slides
d! Photographs
e! Cameras
f!_ Video tape
Sensitive s
. IPRINTED: 02/18/98 - _
.. ._. ._. __. .__ __... .._._._ _ -_. ___.. _ _ _ ._ __ ,_ _ _A ,___r_ 92 V' ,4-..;:
.- 92-,:
gees _ -3.. ~ . ,.:
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Manual of Investigative Operations and Guidelines {T
Part 11 . .s PAGE 13_- 65 Me;, .._-z.- 1:5;, .
g! Unexposed filmi
h! Undeveloped film
i! Photographic accessories
j! Pornography
k!' FCT Tradecraft
! Motion Pictures
__
i WJM ' m! Imageipfocessing picture files
n! Digital camera image files
! Also, any other evidence may be submitted for studio Q
photographic examinations using, for example, infrared, and - *§f
ultraviolet techniques. This nonphotographic evidence includes, but '3
**g is not limited to: T Q92 i r
"'¥ a! Documents Ff
92,.
b! Clothing
c! Any obliterated writing or printing
d! Defaced or altered surfaces *
e! Items with hollows or cavities "
! The following are examinations of photographic
evidence available from the Special Photographic Unit:
a! Bank Robbery Film Examinations Bank Robbery
film or video fape! is examined and compared to other submitted
evidence guns, clothing, mug shots, bags, hats, etc.!. This
examination may_help establish a subject's presence at a crime scene
by identifying clothing, weapons, or any other items linked to the
subject. These examinations include surveillance video tapes that are
-_increasingly popular for bank surveillance. Also subject height T
determinations may be made from these images see Photogrammetry
Examinations below at ! e!!. '
i§:% Note: It is important to remember that the negatives or the original
<= video tape are the best evidence and should always be submitted when
Sensitive
PRINTED: 02/18/984
-'-'_' ."" _ ' 1 _""' ""1" - I "_ "- _ -_-_f_"_i-5". 1" "3-5 '*'."__?T'i_4T.1_--__ ;,_. ;_-_-;j-~ ;-_--_-~»_;_,_~ T-_ ':_ - - - . _.._-:1.»-'_-~__----. 1,.-,7-"».;;_-'."_'_.-_~_'-.;- ' -;-_i -3 '__T_7~.-_-w;.;=,~.,_-. --
.,.-3,! _. .__a._..._...,.;__..
'*3f:'.j-:i'."'}ZE. ' ~'...'?_ 1. VJ Sensitive
Manual of Investigative Operations and Guidelines
Part II _ PAGE 13
an examination is requested. Before submitting, any-prints needed for
continuing the investigation should be made from the negatives, and at
least one copy of the video tape should be retained in the fielddivision. l .
In conjunction with the|Firearms/Toolmarks|Unit, bullet trajectories
may be calculated through photogrammetric techniques.
b! Photographic Comparisons - Photographic evidence
is examined and compared to other evidence or photographs of evidence.
Various photographs of a subject taken atidifferent times and places
==@y__be cvmpaged l59_£1e'.1..°_1_'.!1_i_£!§._iL§.ll?__P}3.lH!S£§R1'i,_§§£_.i!1£19§.!1_9§-_l5I!9_._§?!!¬
subject. The subject may be a suspect individual, vehicle, weapon, or
virtually anything that may be photographed. Also, any items within a
photograph may be compared, for example, a pendant around an
individual's neck, rings, or tattoos.
c! Time and Location Examinations - Photographic"
evidence may be examined to determine the location, time, and date.
that an image was taken. '
d! Authenticity Examinations - Photographic
evidence may be examined to determine if the image is the result of a
composite, a copy, or of some other alteration method to cause a
misrepresentation.. Evidence may also be examined to see if it is a
copy of copyrighted or pornographic material.
e! Photogrammetry Actual dimensions may be
derived from photographic images through the use of various geometric
formulae. The most common is determining the height of bank robbery
suspects.s As an adjunct to this type of examination, plan drawings,
or views may be generated. These are "overhead" representations of a
scene depicted in a photographic image. These may be used for mapping
a major crime scene from photographs taken of the scene. This may
include onsite surveys by SPU personnel coupled with photographs taken
by specially calibrated cameras.
f! Infrared IR!, Ultraviolet UV!, and X-Ray
Examinations - Obliterated writing or other marks may be made evident
by examining evidence with IR, UV, and Xray photography. These
examinations are based on the principle that various substances may
reflect, fluoresce, or luminesce at different rates. Examples include
overwritten documents, documents with altered writing, objects with
defaced serial numbers, or other identifying marks, or marks that may
be invisible against a similarly colored background.
Sensitive
PRINTED: 02/18/98ini*1_.92-. iiu..
ail!
"st
- as 7
1
; __ _ _. _ _ W; __ __ .., _, _.,,_._,.,.,._ ,,.__-_,.-__,_._..-...__v__..,.,....._
_ |!__i>_'-A- - -- V -- - ----.- ~&---------92_---H - ' ii; ___ _ _ ,, I.
'5 , ' n 0.5§;; . Sensitive
Manual of Investigative Operations and GuidelinesPart 11. , .. ' PAGE 13-
g! FCI Tradecraft - The Special Photographic Unit
examines and maintains a collection of foreign counterintelligence
tradecraft. This is not necessarily limited to FCI cases. Any cases
of items designed for concealed cameras, money, drugs, etc., may be
examined for evidentiary purposes. -
h! Source and Age Examinations - In some cases
photographic products including film and prints! may be dated and
source established by an examination of their manufactured
characteristics. This may be helpful in establishing the time frame
that a photograph may have been taken. '67
' i! Camera Examinations - Cameras may be examined to
determine if they exposed a particular image. Also they may be
examined to determine if they have been altered including serial
numbers!, and for the purposes they may have been altered. These
examinations include any photographic equipment or supplies that may
have been seized as evidence.
Jig j! Image Processing ~ Photographic images that have
..,§ been degraded as the result of being out-of-focus, blurred, under or
" overexposed, or any other problems contributing to a poor image may be
corrected through the use of computer digital image processing.
k! Scene Reconstruction - Photography may be used
to "reconstruct" what may have been visible to a subject or witness
under a given set of circumstances. This may also be used to
establish the veracity of photographs introduced in court purporting
to depict lighting conditions at a certain time and place. e
! Analysis of Time and Motion - The speed of
objects may be calculated in motion pictures, video tapes, or other '
images from sequential frame cameras.
_ m! Photographic Consultation * The SPU is available
to provide assistance on how to best preserve and transport
photographic evidence. In cases where exposed or unknown film or
other photographic materials are seized as evidence, the SPU may be
able to determine whether or not the items have been exposed, and if
so how they should be developed.
EFFECTIVE: 07/25/97
.
Sensitive
PRINTED: O2/13/98I
frv
k
_ ___..__ _____ __ _ _ __ p ___.__ _______ __,__._._ ;___._' 7i: _ ,_ _ _ ,! _ _7___,____ :...__.;. .,._f__.,._.;~e__.__.__.T._,____-___--__- .__-,- _..-,.,-_.,_, es.;..,..-.._.=.,_1-_,_--,..--..-P-.-T--7.7.,-..-.a
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Manual of Investigative Operations and Guidelines .
.Part.II" a PAGE 13"" 68
I13-7.6.l| Video Tape Enhancement/Examination and Support
| See also HIOG, Part II, 13-7.1.1 and 13-7.6.1.!
Formerly 13-29, 1329.l, 13-29.2 and 13-29.3!|
A I The|Special c Unit SPU!|of the Laboratory.
Room[3449, Extension is responsible for the processing of video
imagery where the i res enhancement and the preparation of a
photographic print. This video imagery may originate from time-lapse
or full-motion video tapes of any format or from still video disks.
[SPUIcan provide photographic prints and/or video tapes of these
Menhanced_images,__]Requestslforgcomparisons_of_video_imagery,togknown__________
photographic prints or to other submitted evidence guns, articles of
I clothing, bags, hats, etc.! should be forwarded to the|SPU.|
| 1 |SPU|can also provide the following forensic video support
services: _
! Reconstruction of physically damaged video tapes.
-= | This includes tapes that have been damaged due to mechanical:i:} malfunction of a video tape machine or video tapes that have been
' deliberately damaged.
! |Slow-motion|or framerbyframe playback of video
tapes. This is often beneficial when actions|or|activities occur
quickly and are not readily apparent to the viewer. This process is
~also valuable for recovering partially recorded video frames that also
are not readily apparent to the viewer.
! Conversion of foreign video standards. There are
three primary worldwide video standards NTSC, PAL, and SECAM!. These
standards are not directly compatible. Tapes received from or
destined to foreign countries may require standards conversion. In
I addition to providing this conversion process, the|SPU[can provide
consultation and technical assistance in determining proper video
standards.
! Production of demonstrative evidence video tapes for
courtroom presentation. This is to include video tapes produced for
crime scene documentation or reenactment and the preparation of video
tapes containing English-translated subtitles of surveillance video i
tapes'where the recorded conversation is in a foreign languagez"
I ! Where appropriate,]SPU|can edit and/or compile videoK.-jlig segments for briefings or as investigative or demonstrative aids-
Sensitive
PRINTED: 02/1a/98 _
"<-
Sensitive
Hanual of Investigative Operations and Guidelines
Part II _ PAGE l3.- 69
I |!] Submission to the|SPU|should be by electronic o
communication under the case caption. Video frames or sequences that
require enhancement or processing should be identified by using the
time/date recorded on the video tapes when available. Should there be
_no time/date or an incorrect time/date recorded on the video tape, a
complete description of the subject or activities in question should
be provided and the tape stopped at the beginning of the pertinent
segment. Also, if available, the manufacturer and model of the I
recording video tape machine should be_included. '
I |!| It should be noted that video-based imagery does not
F2"'§§i¥!_£h,§_.£*3§B. Ei9_n_<>.¬_§i.11=L ,<_=L§h,_<>_1.1l_<i_1=3_U=s =1==~=La:=-a rspleesaslet " lu an ,
for film, where image detail for identification purposes is required. éwj
| i|!| Attempts should be made to minimize the number of
times a video tape is played or reviewed. Continued or repeated use
of video tapes, especially time-lapse video tapes, can cause physical
degradation of the tape and can severely limit enhancement efforts.
Original video tape should always be"submitted. _
EFFECTIVE: O7/25/97
13-8 ssnotocv EXAMINATIONS _"
! Forensic serology consists of the identification and.
characterization of blood and other body fluids in the crime
laboratory. Evidence is received mainly in connection with violent
crimes, such as murder, rape, robbery, assault-and-battery. Evidence
in burglary, hit-andrun cases and game violation cases is also
frequently received. ' _ -
!_ In cases where it has been determined that a person
is infected with, or is suspected of being infected with either
acquired immune deficiency syndrome AIDS!, tuberculosis or
hepatitis| A, B, or C!, the Laboratory MUST be notified of the
condition both in the incoming communication.and the evidence labeledaccording1y.| C I i ' '
! If an investigator is not familiar with or is unsure
about the submission of any particular evidence to the Laboratory,
he/she should call to get advice. _
as
Sensitive
PRINTED: 02/18/98
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Manual of Investigative Operations and Guidelines
Part II _ " I PAGE 13 - 70 E
EFFECTIVE: ll/20/90
13-8.1 - Blood
- EFFECTIVE: 11/20/90
13-8.1.1 Blood Examinations Aid Investigations
l! In*location*of the crime*scene-"Identificationrof e**"*"*'-
| human blood can pinpoint the area for a crime search.
!_ In determining the possible commission of a crime -
Occasionally, the identification of human blood on a highway,
sidewalk, porch, or in a car is the first indication of a crime's
occurrence. .
._|,'*" human blood identified on a club, knife or hammer can be of
considerable investigative and prosecutive value. " :CE I ! In identifying the weapon used - The|DNA typinglof
'_92
! In proving or disproving a suspect's alibi r The
identification of human blood on an item belonging to a suspect who
claims an animal as the blood source. The identification of animal
blood can substantiate the claim of an innocent person.
_ ! In eliminating suspects - The determination byIDNA
typing|tests that human blood on suspect items is different from the
_ victim's blood can-facilitate the release of a suspect_or help to
substantiate a suspect's claim of injury. e '
a
EFFECTIVE: 05/31/94
H I.-7'-i:
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Manual of Investigative Operations and Guidelines
Part II _ _ - PAGE 13
13-8.1.2 Information Determinable by Blood Tests
! Identification of stains as blood - Chemical analyses
are necessary to positively identify blood. The appearance of blood
can vary-greatly depending on the age of stains and on other factors.
' ! Determination whether blood is of human or animal
origin - If animal, determination of specific animal family.
- ! DNA analysis of blood.
a! Deleted§'
;_-w
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71 -
92
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. b! Deleted
c! Deleted
EFFECTIVE: O5/31/94
13s.1.3 |Deleted|
EFFECTIVE: 11/21/97
Collection, Identification and Wrapping of Bloodstained
Evidence See HIOG, Part II, 13-6.7 9!. 0!, ll!,
2!. 3!.! . _13-8.1.4
! Agents conducting crime scenes and handling any body
fluids should wear latex gloves inasmuch as the status of infectious
microorganisms e.g., AIDS, Hepatitis B! that may be contained in body
fluids will not be known. If aerosol droplets or airborne particles
are produced during the crime scene search, surgical masks and eye ,
protection are recommended. Particular care should also be taken when
handling or searching for secreted sharp instruments such as knives i
and hypodermic needles. Agents should use mirrors and flashlights to
look for secreted hypodermic needles and syringes prior to inserting
the hand in areas they cannot clearly see. In any instance where an
injury occurs and a body_fluid comes in contact with a wound, however
Sensitive
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minor, medical attention should be sought immediately. See HIOG, t
Part II, 13-8.4 !.! I1'
- '- ' ! Deleted-s-
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! Garments and fabrics:
a! Investigator's identifying marks should be put
directly on the fabric in ink, away from stained areas if possible.
- b! Each item should be wrapped separately.
c! Stains which are moist must be dried out
thoroughly before wrapping or putrefaction of blood will occur.
d! Drying should be done by exposure to the
atmosphere in a secure, well-ventilated room and not be exposed to
direct sunlight or heat.
- * ! Blood on surfaces such as walls or floors - If
remove stained-portion of wall or floor. If this is not
stains can be swabbed from surface using swabs slightly
with water. Air dry swabs and place in paper envelopes. DO
IN PLASTIC.possible,
possible,
moistened
NOT PLACE
! Blood on automobiles involved in "hit and run" cases
where a paint examination will also be requested should not be scraped
off. It should be chipped off along with appropriate paint specimens
with a sharp object such as a chisel or screwdriver and shipped to the
Laboratory in one piece.
! Blood on pieces of glass:
' a! Pieces should be submitted if stains are too
thin for removaL of adequate amount by scraping.
b! Specimens should be insulated in package to
avoid breakage in transit. -
c! Hark item itself or on container holding pieces
or scrapings. A
d! In circumstances where objects contain
handprints or friction ridge detail present in blood, consideration
should be given to removing sections of walls, floors, glass, etc.,
§§§§ , for submission to the Latent Fingerprint Section for examination and
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Manual of Investigative Operations and Guidelines _
Part II i ~ - K PAGE 13
chemical enhancement of these impressions for identification purposes.
! Blood in dirt or sand: . -
_ a! If blood is encrusted on surface, the crusts
should be removed and enclosed in separate pillboxes to avoid further
contamination with dirt and sand during 5hipmen[., Remainder of
specimen may be submitted in circular ice cream-type container.
b! Mark containers appropriately. .
§! Blood Declares metallic 0bjssts-_snch_as_§ar_hu@pers
or pipes: ' s
a! If shipped in wooden box, the use of wooden
cleats or wires inside box is suggested to hold specimen securely and
avoid frictional removal of stains during shipment.
. b! Mark items themselves.
9! Liquid blood samples: See MIOG, Part II, 13-6.7
9!.!
a! Samples from victim and suspect should always be
submitted.
b! No refrigerants and/or dry ice should be added
to the sample. gf
c! Blood samples at least five cubic centimeters!
from the victim and suspect should be collected in two vacutainer
tubes, one containing EDTA purple top! for DNA analysis and the other
with no preservative red top! for serological analysis. Package to
protect fromlbreakage and contain a spill. The internal packaging
should include the "Biohazard" labels.|. See also 13-8.4 !.!_
d! No other anticoagulant or preservative is
recommended. .Package to protect from breakage, and submit at least 5
cubic centimeters of blood.
e! Sample should be shipped refrigerated without
delay to the Laboratory air freight or similar rapid transit method!.
f! Stopper should be sealed with tape to avoid
loosening due to air pressure differences in plane and possible loss
of blood.
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_ 1' ' 92
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. _ =_
Manual of Investigative Operations and Guidelines A.
Part II _ _ . _ PAGE 13"- 74 , $* . , _=.' *
g! While in storage, keep under refrigeration but
DU NOT FREEZE. ~
EFFECTIVE: O7/25/97
13-8.1.5 Blood Evidence Transmittal Letter
_ __ The letter_pj_;eguest_should_contain4the_follogingWinformation: i
| |!|A brief statement of the facts surrounding the case.
I . |!|Any claims made by the suspect as to the source of
blood on evidence items. _
Iii, ! Deleted Innig 0
I ! Information concerning weather conditions to which
the evidence might have been exposed, contaminating substances, etc.
'! Information concerning disease state s! of subject s!
and/or victim s! examples: AIDS, Tuberculosis, Venereal Disease,
Hepatitis, etc.!
EFFECTIVE: 04/01/96
"13-8.2 Other Significant Body Fluids
EFFECTIVE: 06/10/88
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_ PRINTED: 02118/98 p
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Manual of Investigative Operations and Guidelines
Part II " _ 5 - PAGE 13.- 75
13-8.2.1 Body Fluid Examinations Aid Investigations A
- ! Seminal Stains: .
a! Their identification by chemical and microscopic
means on vaginal smears or swabs or on a rape victim's clothing may be
of value in corroborating the claims of victim. Seminal fluid
' analysis will be performed by DNA analysis.
b! Deleted l
c! Deleted
| ' ! Saliva Stains: In FBI cases,Isuspected|saliva.stains
will be examined by DNA analysis. See HIOG, Part II, 13-8.4 !.!
a! Deleted 1
' b! Deleted _
:jg ! Urine Stains - Hay be qualitatively identified based
on chemical testing; however, absolute identification may not be
possible. DNA testing on urine stains may be attempted.
EFFECTIVE: 07/25/97 H
V | 13s.2.2 |De1eted|
EFFECTIVE: 09/24793
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_ PRINTED: 02/18/98 .
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Manual of Investigative Operations and Guidelines -
Part II ' ; M -_ -~ PAGE 13-- 76
I l38.2.3 Limitations on Seminal Stain and Saliva Stain|DNA Typing|
E ' ! Sometimes semen is mixed with urine or vaginal
secretion of the victim and interpretation of DNA typing tests is more
difficult. A O _ ' ' '
! Saliva on cigarette stubs and on cigar butts may be
DNA typable. Ash trays SHOULD NOT be simply emptied into a container.
Individual butts should be separately packaged and care taken to avoid
ash and debris contamination of any saliva present.
- n <§> Deizizd M "*0 0 W
! ACCURATE EVALUATION OFIDNA TYPING|RESULTS on
QUESTIONAED ssmzu AND SALIVA sums asqunuss KNOWN LIQUID|OR
DRIED|BLOOD SAMPLES FROM THE vrcrm ANDISUSPECT.
_;
::¥§ EFFECTIVE: 04/01/96
13-8.2.4 Collection, Identification and Packaging of Evidence
| E Stained with Body Fluids | See M106, Part 11, 13s.2.5.!|
! Semen Samples - Clothing or other material bearing
suspected semen stains should be marked with dates and initials, DRIED
C I IF MOIST, and each item packaged|separately in paper, NOT PLASTIC.
! Saliva Samples: See HIOG, Part II, 13*8.2.5.!
i a! Questioned samples should be handled as above
-for semen. _
' b! For Dried Saliva Samples: See HIOG, Part 11,
13-6.7 0!.! ' ' H
i C pi 1. Saliva swabs also called buccal swabs! can
be collected using sterile cotton-tipped "Q tip" applicators.
Generally these applicators can be purchased in individually wrapped
sterile packets which contain a single sterile swab-generally a five-
inch-long wooden stick with cotton tip. 0
j?E% ~ 2. The swab should be put in the mouth of the
-"- individual and placed firmly up against the inside of the cheek and
Sensitive_
_. . PRINTED: 02/18/98"
_ - N . .. ,_
. -' "* : ---'" -" "'*-1. -. '.'»§'l"-'.-T" 6 111 '=_2""."'1"Y-1:-»,~. IT 7- .'. . - _'92 '.~~.:<~r~rr.-_< r. J; -: .1: ?'P"-*,;,~_ ;.'I5:n';Y:~:.:~,-_ -- --l-= . ,_-.i -.. -.4». -. I-92! . -1_:- -»..-r--w--
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Manual of Investigative Operations and Guidelines
Part II - ~ A PAGE l3_- .771
. _ i . I J
rotated. Generally two swabs, one from each cheek are collected. The T .-
swabs should be allowed to COMPLETELY AIR DRY, then packed and sealed
in clean envelopes, paper packets, or in their original packet and
conveyed to the Laboratory. After drying is_comp1ete, label
appropriate envelope with type of sample, collector's initials, date
and place of collection.s.
c! NEVER submit liquid saliva samples. _
. ! For Dried Blood Samples: From a fingerprick, or .
whole blood sample collected in a purple top EDTA preservative! tube,
a bloodstain_is made on sterile, clean cotton cloth usually washed
EoftomsH¬¬f§!T_T§5_st§i§§ 3?e UEUall§ §E¬§5f¬d.WThemetainsushbld
be approximately one to two inches in diameter about the size of a
United States 50-cent piece!. The stain should be allowed to '
COMPLETELY AIR DRY. The stain can be placed in a paper packet or
I envelope for shipping. The stains can then be stored in
refrigerator/freezer conditions for a long period of time. See MIOG,
Part 11, 13-6.? 2!.! '-1.
EFFECTIVE: 04/07/97
13-8.2.5 The Rape Case - Special Evidence Considerations See MIOG,
| Part II,|10-3, 13-6.7 7! & 8!.!|
! Because of the possibilities of serological evidence
in rape being composed of possible mixtures of body fluids, evidence
collection and preservation in a rape case warrant special :r
consideration. The forensic serologist can often provide the
investigator with valuable information beyond the statement that ~
"semen is present" on an item if the necessary samples are obtained
and properly preserved prior to submission to the Laboratory. The
situation outlined below represents the ideal case; however, in many
instances, much of the evidence listed may be obtained without
excessive difficulty. . .-.<
! It should be realized, however, that the majority of
this evidence should be collected as soon as possible within hours!
of the crime. .' '. ' '
! The following evidence should be obtained FROM THE
VICTIM in a rape case: _
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Manual of Investigative Operations and Guidelines
Part II . ' PAGE 13!" 78
I ' . |!| Two liquid blood samples at least 5.cc in '
volume. One red-topped tube for conventional serology analysis and
one purple-topped tube for possible DNA analysis. These samples will
r enable the laboratory examiner to determine the victim's DNA
characteristics for comparison with the evidence and the suspect's
samples. See HIOG, Part 11, 13-6.? 9! & 138.4 !.!
| b!| Four vaginal swabs dry before packaging!.
These would be used for|genetic|grouping|determination.|
I c!| Two ! vaginal smear slides for use as a means
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to be sent to the FBI Laboratory should not be fixed or|stained and
all made from the vaginal swabs from step b!.
d! Two clean swabs from the same package as the
above vaginal swabs. These would be used as unstained control swabs
to show that any result obtained from stained swabs is or is not due
to the cotton of the swabs themselves. I
:22? e! 'Deleted
f! In addition to the above, items of clothing, bed
clothes, etc., would logically be obtained from the scene and victim
at this time or as soon after as possible.
l g! Appropriate hair samples should be collected
from the victim known head and pubic hairs. combed head and pubic
hairs!.
! Evidence collected from the SUSPECT s! would
logically include clothing, a liquid blood sample and a saliva sample,
taken as described in 13-8.2.4 above, and hair samples.
EFFECTIVE: 07/25/97s
, -."~~-
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92 . PRINTED: 02/18/98 .
| .T'" . ______ _.r ___ .7 ' _.._. . _..___ H. -- . - w <~~~~< v~~e-7-~-Y ------ --~1- -.. . . . .:-:~ __ -~. .,.._-.- H ,_ _ _. 1__._92.__._-.--;-!_ ___ _ ,_. _,,__... ... _ .. ___.__ . ___ . .. . . _. .. .
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Hanual of Investigative Operations and Guidelines
Part II ~ ' PAGE 13 79
- I 138.3- DNA Ana1ysis|Unit 1| i
The DNA Ana1ysis|Units DNA 1 and 11! ana1y2e|
deoxyribonucleic acid DNA!ffrom biological-tissues|recovered from
physical evidence in violent crimes. Evidence examined by the|unitsl
consists of known liquid and dried blood samples,|hairs, bones,
teeth,|portions of rape kit swabs and extracts, and body fluid stained
_ cuttings from homicide, sexual assault and serious aggravated assault
I cases. These items of evidence are normally examined first to
determine the probative value of DNA analysis.
EFFECTIVE: 11/21/97 .
. 13-8.4 DNA Evidence Examination Policy
_ In general, this policy states that the FBI Laboratory
;. will accept evidence for DNA analysis from current, violent personal
crimes where appropriate standards for comparison are available. The
policy is specified as follows:
! BUREAU CASES
a! Physical evidence_submitted for DNA analysis in
| connection with FBI investigations will be examined where appropriate.
b! A known blood sample from the victim and suspect
for comparison purposes is required. No DNA analysis will be
conducted until known blood samples from both the suspect and the
victim have been received. Preliminary examinations, such as the
identification of blood or semen|or hair comparison,|may be conducted
without a known.blood sample from the suspect, where appropriate..~
! NON-BUREAU CASES '
a! DNA analysis on state and lbcal cases will be
limited to homicide, sexual assault and serious aggravated assault
cases in which a suspect has been identified. In certain cases,
evidence will be accepted by the FBI Laboratory for DNA analysis even
thougha suspect has not been identified. These exceptions include
serial homicide/rape cases and sexual assaults on young children.
~ b! A known blood sample from the victim and suspect
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Manual of Investigative Operations and Guidelines
Part II PAGE 13
for comparison purposes is required. No DNA analysis will be
conducted until known blood samples from both the suspect and the
victim have been received in the DNA Analysis|Units.]
c! Requests for DNA analysis on previously
adjudicated cases should not be submitted to the FBI Laboratory but
should be referred by the investigative agency to one of the private
DNA testing laboratories. Names and addresses of these laboratories
can be provided on request.
! PCR TESTING See MIOG, Part II, 138.2.1 !.!
,'§."." a! The DNA Analysis|Units|now|have|on~1ine a
technique called PCR POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION! testing. This
technology allows the Laboratory to obtain a DNA type from|other|
biological materials. Because of limited resources being devoted to
this technology, strict case acceptance policy has been established by
the Laboratory Division.
b! Evidence for PCR analysis will be accepted only
in FBI cases when a known blood sample from the suspect has been
obtained and submitted along with the evidence. The Laboratory will
not accept state or local cases or domestic police cooperation cases
for PCR analysis unless previously authorized by the Assistant
Director, Laboratory Division.
! REEXAHINATION POLICY
a! It is the policy of the FBI Laboratory that no
examination will be conducted on evidence which has been previously
examined by another expert. However, the Laboratory will accept
evidence samples for DNA analysis even though another crime laboratory
may have conducted traditional tests on the evidence items if that
crime laboratory does not have the capability to perform the DNA tests
and if the submitted samples are determined to be of a quality and
condition conducive to DNA analysis. Theloca1 forensic laboratory
should be encouraged to contact the DNA Analysis|Units|of the FBI
Laboratory prior to submission of this kind of evidence.
b! Paternity or parentage testing involving a
paternity index is not done by the DNA Analysis|Units,|even in
criminal cases. The Laboratory does not currently perform these types
of tests. Private paternity testing laboratories should be contacted
for these services.
c! In cases where conventional serology and no DNA
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Manual of Investigative Operations and Guidelines
Part II e - " '
analysis is requested because of judicial rulings, trial
it is the policy of the Laboratory that no analysis will
! Evidence submitted for DNA analysis can
preserved and transmitted to the Laboratory according toPAGE 13
delays, etc.,
be conducted.
be collected,
the
guidelines set forth in Section l38.1.4 "Collection, Identification
and Wrapping of Bloodstained Evidence"!; Bloodstained evidence should
be completely air-dried before packaging and submitted promptly to the
Laboratory. Two liquid blood samples, at least Scc in volume, should
be collected from both the suspect and victim; one red-top tube for
conventional serology analysis containing no preservatives! and one
purplertopitube_ containing_EDTA!mfor_DNA_ana1ysis.__These blood
samples should be'submitted to.the Laboratory without delay. In the
event there will be'a delay in submission of the dried stain evidence
to the Laboratory, it should be kept frozen. See MIOG,
13-6.7 9!, l38.l.4 9! c! & 13-8.2.5 !.! 'I
EFFECTIVE: 11/21/97
13-9 MICROSCOPIC EXAMINATIONS
EFFECTIVE: 02/12/92
13-9.1 |Trace Evidence
Trace evidence hairs and fibers! examinations
conducted by the Trace Evidence Unit.|
4
EFFECTIVE: O7/25/97
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Manual of Investigative Operations and Guidelines
Part II - . ._ - - ' PAGE 13
l3*9.l.1 p[Trace Evidence|Examinations Aid_the Investigation
These examinations are valuable in that they assist in:
! Placing the suspect at the scene of the crime
a! Transfer of hairs or-fibers between the victim's
and suspect's clothing in crimes of violence such as rape, assault and
murder.
' _ e b! Hairs_or_fibers_from_a_suspectwleft_at4the_sceneof crimes such as burglaries, armed robberies and car thefts. I it In
! _Identifying the scene of the crime - Hairs or fibers
left at the scene of crimes such as burglaries and armed robberies.
. ! Identifying the weapon or the instrument of a crime "
Hairs or fibers on wrenches, knives or clubs. .
! Identifying hit-and-run vehicles - Hairs or fibers
adhering to suspect automobile.
EFFECTIVE: 07/25/97
13-9.1.2 Information Determined from an Examination of a Hair
Whether animal or human
! If animal, the species and/or family from which it
originated dog, cat, deer, beef, etc.! _ D '
4
! If human, the race, body area, method of removal from
the body, damage, and alteration bleaching or dyeing! and suitability
for comparison with known hair.samples may be determined.
! A comparison with known hair samples will result in a
possible association, an elimination or a no conclusion.
t |! If a microscopic association is made between a
questioned and known hair sample, DNA analysis may be performed on
the questioned hair and compared to a known blood/saliva sample.|
s Sensitive- '
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Part 11 - " _ - PAGE 13 - 83 .53
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EFFECTIVE: 11/21/97
13*9.1.3 Information Determined From Fiber Examinations
! Identification of the type of fiber
a! Animal wool!
b! Vegetable cotton! ,
' c! Synthetic manrmade! i
d! Mineral glass! J
! Determination as to whether or not questioned fibers ;;¬are the same type and/or color and match in microscopic i Z131 characteristics as those fibers comprising a suspect garment. '3
/T
EFFECTIVE: 02/12/92
13-9.1.4 Limitations of Hair Examinations »
.,3:! Not absolute identification; however, is good 1
circumstantial evidence. ' = =
! Age cannot be determined. p <m
! Although racia1|characteristics, hair color and 1
olengthlmay be of value for investigative lead purposes,|microscopic
characteristics exhibited by hairs|are not. Furthermore, significant
ohair comparisons can only be conducted with known samples of hair,
best obtained by collecting both pluckings and combings from an
individual. ' ' .
' EFFECTIVE: 04/01/96
4
Sensitive
PRINTED: 02/18/98
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Manual of Investigative Operations and Guidelines I 2
Part II - '_ PAGE 13.- 84 eg
13~9.z Fabric _ 7 A I 7
A positive identification can be made if a questioned torn " r
piece of fabric can be fitted to the known torn material._ F
EFFECTIVE: 02/12/92 .
'13-9.3 Deleted
EFFECTIVE: O2/I2/92 I
13-9.4 Cordage/Rope .
A piece of rope left at the scene of the crime may be
compared with similar suspect rope. _
§' ! Composition, construction, color and diameter can be
"" determined.
'| .
! Manufacturer can sometimes be determined, if tracer
present.
EFFECTIVE: 02/12/92
13-9.5 Botanical '
Botanical examinations are conducted where plant material
from a known source is compared with plant material from a questioned
locale. I
EFFECTIVE: 02/12/92
.-~+.
. :_92_ -;.:».
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PRINTED: 02/18/98 ~ wr
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Hanual of Investigative Operations and Guidelines
Part II 2 " * PAGE 13
13-9.6 Anthropological - _ _
! Frequent identifications are made through comparisons
of teeth with dental records and X-rays with corresponding bone
structures.
! _Examinations may be made to determine if skeletal
remains are animal or human. If human, the race, sex, approximate
height and stature and approximate age at death may be determined.
|! DNA analysis may also be performed on the skeletal
remainssand_compared_to_hnown_blood/saliva_samp1es_in_an_attempt_toassist in the identification process.[
EFFECTIVE: 11/21/97
13-9.7 Wood
The presence of a suspect at the crime scene can often be
established from a comparison of wood from his/her clothing, vehicle
or possession with wood from the crime scene.
EFFECTIVE: 05/26/89
13-9.7.1 Types of Wood Examinations
! Specific source
a! Side or end matching.
b! Fracture matching.
! Species identification
EFFECTIVE: 05/26/39 2
139.8 ' ]Deleted|
-.V 92
Sensitive
. . PRINTED: 02/18/98 _- .
. . _ a ~
. '- 1»
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.w$§ Sensitive
Hanual of Investigative Operations and Guidelines
Part II - 6 _ I PAGE 13-- 36
v.. x
_EFFECTIVE: 05/26/89
13-9.9 Deleted
EFFECTIVE: 05/26/89-
13-9-lO Miscellaneous Examinations
These examinations include the following:
! Fabric impressions
! Glove prints
" ! Feather Identification
If! ::;% EFFECTIVE: 05/26/39 K
13-10 CHEMICAL EXAMINATIONS
EFFECTIVE: 12/16/as
13-10.1 Toxicological Examinations
.EFFECTIVE: 12/16/88
-¢.4
13-10.1.1 Purpose
Assists the medical examiner in determining the cause of
death in suspected cases of poisoning.
EFFECTIVE: 12/16/88
Sensitive
PRINTED: 02/18/98 _
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Manual of Investigative Operations and Guidelines
Part II !_ _ xv i fp " » PAGE 13'~
13*1O.1.2 Types of Poisons A I
, . ' ' F
_ ! Volatiles, such as carbon monoxide, alcohols, cyanide l
and solvents. -
i{ !, Heavy metals, such as arsenic, mercury, lead and
A antimony. A
! |Nonvolatile organic poisons, such as drugs of abuse,
pharmaceuticals and pesticides.]
,4_44_AH_____ _ ___ _!__Hiscellaneous, suchiasminorganic compounds,[plant __
materials, caustic substances,|and insects.
EFFECTIVE: 12/16/as
Background Information Useful to Toxicological Examiner .
!13r10.l.3
.,_g
7}Copy of autopsy report.
! Symptoms exhibited prior to death.
!
! List of toxic chemicals normally encountered by
victim in employment or at home. -List of drugs administered to victim.
EFFECTIVE: 12/16/88
"13-10.1.4 Desirable Specimens_for Complete Laboratory Examination
4! Brain 5 grams! " '
!
!
!
! Urine all!
' ! Gastric contents all!Liver 5 grams!
Kidney 5 grams!
Blood 0 cc! add preservative and identify!
' Sensitive
/ PRINTED: 02[1B/98
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~ . I - __-9292
_ Manual of Investigative Operations and GuidelinesPart II , a PAGE 13-- 88
! Vitreous Humor
8! Any suspect food, drugs or chemicals
EFFECTIVE: 12/16/88
13"1O.l.5 Preparation for Shipment to Laboratory
__ H __ ! _P1ac<e__egp11__g§g§1_1__apd,uid in a_sep_§5g_te sealed ______p_p _ ~container. 't ' ~ '
! Have pathologist label and initial each specimen.
! Place container in insulated box with dry ice|or
_ freezer block| do not a1low|coolant|to touch glass jars!. A
e ! Mark package "Keep Cool" and transmit by|overnight
express.[ -
EFFECTIVE: 12/16/38
- ~ .
13-10.2 i Pharmaceutical and Drug Examinations
EFFECTIVE: 12/16/88
l3*10.2.1 Information Helpful to Laboratory Examiner
l!_ Interview of suspect regarding source and use.
! Prescription data.
. !; If possible, submit sample in original container.
EFFECTIVE: 12/16/as
t
Sensitive
_ PRINTED: 02/13/93-
.. .. _______,_ _l__ r;:Y._: __.._..__,____, _ _. .. ,;;.:_. ".1 .. _ __ _.__,_-.___c_,__ _;.. __ __ ,-7__,___-__.-V _,_ _ ._._,.,_c_ __ ;,;-_¢..__ _ _.-- __ _.,_._1,..-__s--_-_-.-.-..,---_-1
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Manual of Investigative Operations and Guidelines '
Part.II Q _ . ' PAGE 13 - 89 Z
13-10.2.2 - Collection and Preservation "
! Each item packaged separately and securely. 4
! Each item and/or its container clearly identified by l
initials and item number.
EFFECTIVE: 12/16/88
r,_l§:lQi2s§_,_ls§9 -Li9s_Qsts;siss§_£9 .£hs_E¥amineti2n§' ___, -_. _-_ rma _ H m _ _m_ W
! Weight of pharmaceuticals. I A
! Quantitation of active ingredients. '
! Whether a controlied substance or prescription item.
EFFECTIVE: 12/16/as '
13-10.3 Arson-Examinations
EFFECTIVE: 12/16/83 r_ !4'_ -1
13*10.3.1 Reasons for Arson T
! Insurance|Eraud.| 7
! Revenge.
! Destruction of a crime scene.]
! Pyromania.
! Civil disobedience.
EFFECTIVE: 12/16/88
n
Sensitive -
PRINTED: 02/18/98 e _
- * .._,_ . . _
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Manual of Investigative Operations and Guidelines
Part II PAGE l3.- 90 J
Q 13-10.3.2 |Arson Evidence| ~ - -
i ! [Location 92
a! Area of intense burning.
- b! Multiple areas of origin.
c! "V" pattern areas.
1 ! Arson|time delay|devices
a! Candle plants
b! Cigarette in matchbook
c! Molotov cocktail
| d! |Fused chemica1s|iii? I | e! Electronic devices| C
! Fire trails l
a! Cloth ropes
b! Burn trails on carpeting
p c! Deep charring trails in hardwood
! Removal of property - No typical remains of household
goods in debris . .
i EFFECTIVE: 12/16_/as
_"'<92, I
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PRINTED: 02/18/98
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Manual of Investigative Operations and Guidelinese _ E
Part II - - _ § ' 1 P PAGE 13-- 91 Pg
- - ' 1 -=
1310.3}3 Types of Evidence -
. |Any sample from the point or area of origin, especially ~92 specimens that are|absorbent in nature or of a type that will retain a "
flammable liquid, such as:
P § l! Padded furniture
!§ Carpets
l ! Plasterboard
92! S011
A ! Clothing -
92!92 Molotov cocktails
EFFECTIVE: 12/16/as 3 . 1::
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_r92 ." --7-3
13-10.3.4" Preservation of Evidence
Host readily flammable liquids are volatile and are easily _
lost through evaporation. ,' KF
! Use air tight containers
' 1
a! Clean metal cans preferable! >"
_ [ | b!_Kapak bags|
|. | c!| Clean glass jars j p f
container!; Properly identify specimen - Initial specimen or Q
EFFECTIVE: 12/16/38 *
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Manual of Investigative Operations and GuidelinesPart II - " PAGE l3. 92.1,_. .-..a .1
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l3*1D.3.5 Interpretation of Laboratory Results -
" l! Gas.Chromatography examination of distillates
recovered from suspected arson debris usually aids in classifying the -
product|with regard|to distillation range such as gasoline, fuel oil
and paint solvents.
! Limitations:
brand of gasoline or fuel oil
commercial brands and lack of
brands.Generally unable to identify specific
due to weathering, common intermixing of
distinguishing characteristics betweenr
5':
.§
1EFFECTIVE: 12/16/88 .
13-10.4 General Chemical Analysis Examinations
EFFECTIVE: 12/16/88
13-10.4.1 Definition
Qualitative and quantitative analysis of miscellaneous
chemical evidence.
EFFECTIVE: 12/16/88
13-10.4.2 Examples of Sources of Materials
! |De1eted| '
!- Fraud cases: Verification or disproving
specifications in government purchases, product verification in
"pyramiding" operations, con games, replacement of valuable product
constituents with worthless constituents, etc.
a!_ Desired information - Claims made for product by
manufacturers or distributors, alleged constituents, complaints by
users, etc. _ I
b! Limitations - Products cannot be tested
mechanically or to determine pros or cons of use. Analysis is limited
Sensitive
PRINTED: 02/18/98
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..92¢
l _Manual of Investigative Operations and Guidelines ~
- Part II 3 _ . . .' ' _ PAGE 13
to determination of constituents and literature search in reference 1
thereto. Consideration of use of outside laboratories can be given to
other necessary testing. 92 _ - ' a' m *
! Chemical destruction cases: Destruction of paint
- surfaces, lawns, and other valuables with harsh chemicals.
,m ! Assault cases: Use of harsh chemicals on assault
victims, lubricants used in rape and sodomy cases, miscellaneous
unknown chemicals found at assault scene, etc.
égbotage___§a£shW§h§mical§_§nd other_adulterants_in. ..- :5
5! S : pm p_ _mp, _ Kid. v__
fuel tanks and oil pans, gears, etc., of drive trains; sea water
contamination aboard ships. '
! Ink Analysis
- a! Scope - Comparison of the formulations of
questioned and/or known ink specimens including typewriter ribbons and
stamp pad inks. '
same, it is not possible to determine whether or not they originated
from the same source to the exclusion of other inks having similar
formulations.
c! Standard ink reference files necessary for
possible association of a questioned ink with a manufacturer are
available to the Laboratory.
l d! Determination of whether or not a document was
written after the date shown thereon can only be made if a date
taggant is in the ink. Only a limited number of companies utilize the
ltaggant. ' '
. _ _
! Explosives and explosives residue analysis
a! Postexplosion evidence
1 ' 1. Scope - Examine evidence after an explosion
for the presence of residues left behind from an explosive. .o
2.a Types of Evidence Metal, glass, plastics,
rubber close to the seat of the explosion. Soil from the crater
should be removed. Attempt to collect control samples from the
surrounding area. _ C
Sensitive
__ PRINTED:.02/13/98 _
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Manual cf Investigative Operations and Guidelines
PAGE 13m" 94Part III-' "=" :;_ ._ -
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g. . .I ' 92
3.s Take necessary precautions to avoid
contamination._
4. Containers for evidence
a. clean metal paint cans .
b. plastic evidence bags placed and sealedin Kapak_bags . '
c. _§lean glass iars _ 7 _
- b! Preexplosion raw explosive samples
1. Containers
a. metal cans or glass jars
b. be aware of shipping requirements for
explosives. _
l 2. Limitations -iIn some cases the manufacturer
of a material can be obtained. Comparison with samples for batch
comparisons is possible. p _
. 8! Paint and plastics analysis
a! Paints
' l. Scope - Comparison of paint samples from
known source to a paint sample removed from a specimen.
i u 2. Limitations - When paint samples match, it
can only be said that the specimen may have come from the known source
or one just like it. Only in rare cases can a positive match, to the
exclusion of all others, be made.
i H p 3. National Automotive Paint File NAPF! is
housed in the Laboratory. .
b! Plastics Q
s 1. Scope - Analysis of plastic or polymeric
materials. Plastic fragments from hit and run accidents can be
reconstructed into its original shape. ' i -
Sensitive '
" PRINTED: 02/18/93 _ _. _-1.1-cu s.»£§K!
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a! Scope - Tapes come in a variety of forms such as
masking, electrical, and duct tape. These materials have been used to
bind homicide victims, cover drug packs, and components of improvised
explosive devices. End matches are the most powerful results.
a!,1-*2;
Manual of Investigative Operations and Guide1ines_Part II ' " - PAGE 13s" '95
9! Tape Analysis - . 4
0! Miscellaneous chemical examinations such as:
Chemical agents on bank robbery packets7 . _ =?*%"A,~_#92 '"
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TFIS cases, and
other containers b!
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m!Dyes encountered in bank dummy packets or -
be compared with known standards in the
Constituent determination in patent cases _
Flash and water soluble paper in gambling and
Verification of stolen chemicals in ITSP and
Harsh chemicals or sugars in DAMV cases.
Adulterants in Tampering With Consumer Product
Trace drugs in money, clothing, suitcases, and
Smokeless powder comparisons
Food analyses a 92
Cosmetic examinations
Button examinations
Lubricants - such as Vaseline in rape cases.
Sensitive
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Manual of Investigative Operations and Guidelines *
- .. *1 . -- 92" - . ~ -. .
EFFECTIVE: 11/21/97
13-11 MINERALOGY EXAMINATIONS
I ! Mineralogy is part of the.Trace Evidence Unit.
! Mineralogy examinations are conducted on those
materials which are mostly inorganic, crystalline or mineral in
character, and include glass, building materials, soil, debris,
industrial dusts, safe insulations, m' erals, abrasives, and gems.A ._' __ ...
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crime scene, prove or disprove an alibi,-provide investigative leads
I or substantiate a theorized chain of events. See HIOG, Part II, 13*
15 !.!
{::, EFFECTIVE: 11/21/97
13-11.1 Glass
p Glass, a noncrystalline, rigid material usually exhibits
| excel1ent|physical, optical and_compositionallproperties for
comparison purposes. When a window breaks, glass particles can shower
10 feet or more toward the direction of the force. Particles,
therefore, get onto hair and clothing of the perpetrator. Particles
||als0|become embedded in bullets and/or objects used to break windows.
Particles of broken glass from a hitand-run vehicle are often found
on the victim's clothing. i _
|. ! |Deleted|
| ! Ihe LaboratoryiexaminerIcannot identify the source to
the exclusion of ALL other sources; however, it can be stated and
demonstrated that it is highly improbable that the particles came from
a source other than the matching known source; if two or more
different known sources can be matched, the conclusion is greatly
enhanced. 1
Sensitive
PRINTED: 02/18/98
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Hanual of Investigative Operations and Guidelines
Part II P l » PAGE l3 - 97
EFFECTIVE: 11/21/91
13-11.1.1 Glass Fractures
Fracture patterns are unique. A physical match of two
I pieces of glass establishes that they came from a|mutual|source to the
exclusion of all other sources; examinations also result in valuable
information as to the direction of the breaking force.
77 ~ ! Penetration of glass panes by bullets or high speed1
-r
projectiles §}oauEes"5 E6H¬"55?E6¥a from wn1EBEEE H£¥5Ef13E"£EH"Ehe
angle of penetration can be determined. If the cone is not present,
stress line patterns as described below are used to determine the
direction of the force.
, ! By a study of stress lines on radial cracks near the
point of impact, the direction of the force which broke the glass can- :§?_ be determined. p
N a! This determination depends on identification of
the radial cracks and the point or points of impact. A sufficient
amount of glass must be submitted to reconstruct a portion of the pane
from the edge to the point of impact. All, or as much as possible, of
the pane should be submitted.
I . b! The
after the breaking should
outside, left, right, top
Laboratory. See 13-11.1pieces of glass remaining_in the window
each be labeled to indicate inside or
or bottom prior to submission to-the
.3 below.!
' ' c! The direction of the breaking force usually
cannot be determined from tempered glass commonly found in side and
rear auto windows! or very small panes of glass.
d! Laminated glass, such as windshields, present
special problems. Submit entire windshield if possible.
. e! Heat breaks can be identified, but the side on
which the heat was applied cannot be determined from fracture edges.
i ! Pieces of glass may often be fitted together.
_wH p a! By fitting pieces together with microscopic
§§Q~- matching of stress lines, the Laboratory examiner can positively
- Sensitive
PRINTED: U2/18/98
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Manual of Investigative Operations and Guidelines
Part 11 $,;$ -- -.- .PAGE 13.
identify the pieces as originally having been broken from a single
pane, bottle or headlight. See 13rl1.1.3 below.!
b! If pertinent portions of a bottle or headlight
can be fitted together, the manufacturer, type, etc., may be
determined for lead purposes.
EFFECTIVE: 11/21/97
2 Glass Fibers and Fibergrass Insulation M§téEi&1s.-¢--
- ~ .
,.~=3.;92! 1.Jl
-
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98 wfé
. -.§§
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. .1. .
Glass fibers from boats, auto fenders, filters and most
often building or duct insulations may adhere to the clothing or
belongings of suspects. By|microscopic comparison,|g1ass fibers are
identified and compared with the known source
EFFECTIVE: 09/24/93 A
13-11.1.3 Collection of Glass Specimens See MIOG, Part II,
13-l1.l.1! b! & ! a!.!
! In cases where the direction of breaking force is
required, pieces left undisturbed in the window must be marked as to
inside or outside, top, bottom, left, right and all available glass
must be submitted so that enough pieces can be fitted together to
identify the radial cracks near and at the point of impact.
! Where pieces are large enough to fit together, all
available glass must be submitted to increase the probability of
finding matching edges.
! Do not place glass samples in
and|envelopes. Wrap each piece securely and
! Send =11 available items of
comb his/her hair and check for particles in
wounds.
! Where fiberglass insulationpaper|or plastic bags
package tightly.
clothing of the suspect,
sweat on skin and in
is involved, be sure all
sources from various areas are sampled. .Look for added insulation
Sensitive
PRINTED: 02/18/939292
-1*
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i J
Manual of Investigative Operations and Guidelines
Part II . . PAGE 13.- 99
over older insulation. Send both.
EFFECTIVE: 09/24/93
13-11.2 Soils, Dusts, Debris
. Soil is defined as any finely divided material on the
surface of the earth and may contain such manmade materials as
cinders,_shingle stones, glass particles, paint, rust, etc. Soil; as-,
Kalil
0
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a_Eate§Ery1 includes aeb?1=; industrial dusts, Bily_soil from under' ' * ml
vehicles as well as natural soils.
EFFECTIVE: 06/15/81
iii, 13-11.2.1 Value of Soil'as Evidence§ ' - 7
" ! Soil varies widely from point to point on the surface
of the earth and even more with depth. Many small samples are better
than one large sample. -
! Soil cannot be positively identified as coming from
one source to the exclusion of all others; but the Laboratory expertJ»
I
~
1».
can associate questioned soil with a most-probable source, conclude
that a source cannot be eliminated or-that a point or area could not
be the source of the questioned soil. Such conclusions have proven
extremely valuable in the proof of criminal cases.. ¢
- ! Industrial dust specimens or soil near factories_are
.often distinctive. i
!"Debris may contain particles characteristic of a
specific area. s
EFFECTIVE: 06/15/81
'. -. -'.';>li7- . -_
Sensitive
PRINTED: 02/18/93-.15*
; S.
-:z.'._i_ -
-.2- -' ' -. -ins Sensitive
/1--_ ,.
Manual of Investigative Operations and Guidelines
Part II ' - c
g i 1311.2.2 Collection of Soil- _ . PAGE 13
»
Specimens | See HIOG, Part II,
_ 13-6.7 az!.!| _ !
! The investigator should seek likely areas at the
crime scene such as shoe prints, tire marks, burial sites or muddy
areas where a transfer of soil to the suspect is logical. The. -A
investigator should attempt to get samples which visually appear to be
the same as the soil on the suspect's shoes or belongings.
a ! Several samples should be taken from crime scene
areas beca_ e of the above-mentioned variation in small areas;0
Us ' . is if, _,__,_. _ _ . _Ij _
additional samples in at least four directions up to 300 feet from the
scene should be sampled to show that a variation does exist and to
allow the Laboratory to "judge" the probability that the questioned
soil could have come from the area. Samples should be taken from the
surface no deeper than shoes
small samp1es_are desirable,
taken too deep may introduce'
::§§ ! Alibi areas
"'* should be sampled.
| ! |Deleted|or tires would depress the soil. Many
a mixture from a large area or a sample"
unwanted variations.
such as the suspect's yard or work area
! Where soil has fallen or been deposited inside
buildings or cars send carpets or attempt-to keep lumps intact by
secure packing; lumps break up in a too large, unpacked container.
' ! Soil from under car fenders may be in layers. Such
soil should be chipped or cut off and packaged so that layers can be
kept intact for comparison with similar lumps that may be found at the
crime scene.
!_ Shoes, tires and other items should be submitted to
the Laboratory. Attempts to
valuable soil characteristics
EFFECTIVE:-O7/25/97
;_.-.__._'.1 '._<:~_ -._ ,, * - .» I"-.7?
_';'__:_'¢
11.
92 _remove the soil in the field may destroy
Sensitive
PRINTED: 02/18/98
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Manual of Investigative Operations and Guidelines
Part II - ' PAGE 13 101
I 13-11.2.3 Packaging of Soil Specimens I See MIOG, Part II, 13-6.7.
2!.!
I ! |Air dry soil before packaging.I '
I I!I Do not use envelopes or glass jars for soil. _|J
I I!I Use leakproof containers such as film canisters or
plastic pill bottles.
EFFECTIVE: 11/21/97
13-11.3 Safe Insulations
_ Safe insulation is found between the walls of fire
_r§ resistant safes in vaults and safe cabinets. It is readily
_§' transferred to tools and clothing.
EFFECTIVE: 01/11/85
13-11.3.1 Value as Evidence
!' Safe insulation can usually be identified as such.
! The make of safe can often be determined by
examination of the insulation.
! Microscopic comparison of particles or deposits with
insulation from the broken safe connects, by inference, clothing or
tools with the safe. '
1 ! Safe insulation on tools may "make" a case for
possession of burglar's tools. I
92
EFFECTIVE: 01/11/85
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Sensitive
PRINTED: 02/18/98
' ff - ' W '*"-' --*".. .-TT'T'..';l?' -- . ;~ .92'-'_.'..,:~.'"."i*'¢ _..;"".li ,- _-_- __--. =1 _ ='=.'.- i'?;'.-'-.¢-,' ,;=1'§*92W*:..*T'Y:=~92»?-"J ..<_'II'-I_'E';'v"-'1'"--'92*_','.-"1TH!!~ -"*1-""»."-'r'-'-Y-7" . . 5"- - - . ' . E§?F"»T-:&%§i§"J¢IiJf9-i1*1¥3aF?5E?§¥>H%<5%¥f$*?¥WiTifti T?i*§F53$I$$i%1§$§59§§¥5I3¬E5L?%T§T Y ?$§£%?7
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Manual of Investigative Operations and Guidelines
Part II PAGE 13_- 102
' 13-11.3.2 Collection and Packaging 1
! Sample near broken edge of insulation.
! Send tools or clothing to Laboratory; do not remove
deposits in the field.
! Pack to keep lumps intact; protect deposits on tools
by wrapping. . p ' '
EFFECTIVE: 05/11/87
13l1.4 Building Materials
EFFECTIVE: O5/11/B7
.11., :Z§* 13-11.4.1 Value as Evidence
! Where entry is through a roof or wall, particles
adhere to clothing or tools and may be on the loot or in toolbags or
vehicles.
! These materials are usually common materials.
I Maximum value as evidence|is gained through|the presence of several
types, such as brick, mortar, plaster, stucco, etc.
EFFECTIVE: O5/11/87
13ll.4.2 Collection and Packaging
! The hole should be examined and materials of each
type should be obtained. '
! Submit in leakproof containers.
EFFECTIVE: 05/11/87
Sensitive
PRINTED: 02/18/98
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' Sensitive
Manual of Investigative Operations and Guidelines
Part II PAGE 13 - 103
92 .
13-11.5 Minerals, Rocks, Ceramics
92
These materials will be examined or compared as requested.
EFFECTIVE: O5/11/87
13-11.6 Abrasive Materials
In sabotage and malicious damage to engines,'cars, trains,
etc., abrasive materials may be put in oil or lubricants. These 9
materials canbeidentified~as"sand~orcommercialmabrasivesandareof~-~~e-
some value for comparison.
EFFECTIVE: 05/11/87
13-11.6.1 Collection of Specimens for Abrasives
! If oil, the oil from the engine sump and/or filters
should be submitted; abrasives settle in oil or fuel.
! Send_affected bearings or parts; the abrasive may be
embedded; scratches or cuts may be typical of abrasive damage.
EFFECTIVE: O5/11/87
13-11.7 Gems, Precious Stones, Synthetic and Fake Gems
The Laboratory can determine whether gemstones are
genuine, synthetic or fake. If expedient, a Laboratory examiner is
available for on scene examinations. The Laboratorylcan, on a limited
basis depending on inventory,|provide identifiable or Bureau property
gemstones for undercover operations whether or not recovery of the
gemstones is anticipated.| '
EFFECTIVE: 09/24/93
Sensitive
PRINTED: 02/18/98
7 -. _ , ' v-- --,- ;-1 -92-¢ }'[PlI fF4> w 1-aw.-*-,.--.-._...v.-._.,,,_-..+..H..-H.-. -1, ,--1-. ¢ ,-- -.. T7. ' '- ~"- -» - ~ -r- .--_'--_-~.-- - I ;- .=_--..._ .- 9. ~ ;r;.;;.-;.-- .: .- /-..-.,_-.:"x.-_-- '-: ._ - _, . . __-T .- ».'=,,' A ~ ~:_ ----"==:-*-;- .-~'-1. .1 - ' r - K A -I ."T -~ .- --.~~-*:<=I--~¢I¢;.T*'-- r.-'.-"*1"-.'.:-*' -- ': L,-3' --.55-'1 '- *i'r'.-£2-"-'.1":--{L-3;-var.:-L-£5~=.-;sZ¬~".1I*~'- --'2'?-%i=1%?-=<»f$.:ai-:r
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Part IISensitive
Manual of Investigative Operations and'Guide1ines
-' . PAGE 133- 104
13-12 FIREARMS IDENTIFICATION n -
7 Firearms
bullets, cartridge
particular firearm
particular firearm
firearms.]
EFFECTIVE: 04/07/97identification|dea1s with the comparison of
cases and other ammunition components to a
to determine if they had been fired by that
to the exclusion of all other manufactured
13-12.1 Conclus
Either
reached. If either92
aw;
ions "
one of the three conclusions listed below can be
! or ! is reached, that conclusion is positive
as in fingerprint identification.
__H;" fired by the weapon
! Th séx ! The bullet, cartridge case, or shotshell casing was
r
e bullet, cartridge case, or shotshell casing was
not fired by the weapon.
! Th
on the bullet, cartere are not sufficient microscopic marks remaining
ridge case, or shotshell casing to determine if it
was fired by the weapon or the condition of the weapon precludes the
possibility of making an identification. ' 1
EFFECTIVE: 01/31/78
13*12.2 Termino
EFFECTIVE: O1/31/78
E33?losy
_Sensitive"
PRINTED: 02/18/98-.
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Manual of Investigative Operations and Guidelines
Part II ~ e .. PAGE 13.-
13-12.2.1 Caliber
,- In general, caliber denotes the nominal bore diameter of a
barrel measured in either hundredths of an inch .01! or in
millimeters mm!. This provides an initial grouping capability, such
as referring to .22 caliber, .30 caliber or .38 caliber.
EFFECTIVE: 01/31/785§!~._.-, .
E
IL
Ls
I 13-1212.2 |Cartridge|Designations
I g These designations expand from the basic|cartridge]
grouping in a variety of ways. Each one of these designations denotes
a specific cartridge case size and configuration. While some
cartridges will interchange, most are specific for a firearm of a
particular cartridge designation. Among cartridge designations are iif. the following: ,
"L¢' ! Descriptive words: .38 Special, .41 Magnum, .380
Auto, 9mm Corto. .
! Original powder charge: -.3040 Krag.
. ! Manufacturer's or designer's name: .30 Remington,
6mm Remington, .257 Roberts
! Velocity: .250-3000 '
! Year of adoption: .3006 Springfield
. ! Diameter in millimeters and length of case: 9 x 19, 8x 57. _ ' '
EFFECTIVE: 07/25/9?
'5 -T!2? 3:. 1.-='."'. ,v'
Sensitive
PRINTED: 02/18/98
_.,...,_ ,.. ___:¢_';',;; . '. ,_- _.__ ..Wv~::~ _ -___ - . . r 7- ~. -¢--- 7_--~92-,--' , r__'¢._'___--v~--gr we , 1- 3-,-3.:-»_, --.1 ,, _,_. _ _ . _ _-*_;§_ , _-. . _- _ '1 L 7»,-H;-__.__,--. _ -_-_; I, .. -v 7 _'_._ 7-3.,-»_!_._~_92 Q 92, .,_"';_ *4?-_,,. _.-_ __ .9292--_.5 ._» ,_- _..._-_-A-,,_---,-_I,:vg_s..._'f"-.-_~ -.' :5.-.% _-_~,.,~b.,.'-K .-1-5-,..".-< _..,+-....=f5'-.?',-.%.-92
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" 3- i i- . . ' Sensitive .
I v
Manual of Investigative Operations and Guidelines
Part II i - ' 1. ' PAGE 13 - 106
13-12.2.3 General Rifling Characteristics '
- These vary from manufacturer to manufacturer and consist
of: - - -
! Number of lands and grooves.
I ! The|widths|of the lands and grooves.
! Direction of twist of rifling.
_ - _ §!L,a1iber-___ i __i _ _ ___
EFFECTIVE: 07/25/97 .
13*12.3 - Types of Examinations
C EFFECTIVE: 05/26/s9
13-12.3.1 Bullets
Marks on bullets can be produced by rifling in the barrel
of the firearm or possibly in loading. .
! Recovered evidence bullet: Determine manufacturer,
specific caliber, type and make_of firearm from which fired and
whether sufficient marks are present for identification. Make of
firearm involved based on general rifling_characteristics.!
!__Bu11et versus firearm: Determine whether bullet
fired from firearm.
! Shot pellets, buckshot and slugs from the victim or
scene: Can identify size of the shot and gauge of the slug.
0ccasiona11y,»shot can be identified to the barrel of a particular
shotgun. A '
!_ Hhen a bullet and/or-fragments bearing no microscopic
'marks of value for identification'purposes are encountered, it is
often useful to perform a quantitative analysis of the bullet and/or
;¢¢= fragment and compare them to the similarly analyzed bullets of any
Sensitive
PRINTED: 02/18/98
- '_ ___ __ ,_ _____',_,____,___,_|__T:_ .:':..*F"w"_j _-; _. ___, ____ _ _:_J7_e;_ , __ _ :___ _ __ _ A ir-_.f _ _ ____,.__.._e"_es _._a__i_-js.___,....,__,__-.___.,.-...-,_,,....._.;..e_e..____,_.__
V-71*
.- "75; '
Sensitive
, '4'"I t
Manual of Investigative Operations and Guidelines -
Part II ' PAGE 13 - 107
recovered suspect ammunition for example, cartridges remaining in
'suspects firearm, cartridges in suspect's pockets, partial boxes of
cartridges in suspect's residence!. When two or more lead samples are
determined to be compositionally indistinguishable from one another, a
common manufacturer's source of lead is indicated. Lead composition
information in conjunction with other circumstantial information is
often useful in linking a suspect to a shooting. [ Lead examinationsare conTucted by the Materials and Devices Unit. See HIOG, Part II,
13-14.! ' _ - '
Compositional analysis of shot pellets and rifled slugs can provide
similar useful circumstantial information.
EFFECTIVE: O7/25/97
13-12.3.2 Fired Cartridge Case or Shotshell Casing
2%; Marks on a fired cartridge case or shotshell casing can be -~:
l' produced by breech face, firing pin, chamber, extractor and ejector.
! Fired cartridge case found at scene: Determine
I specific caliber, type and possibly make of|firearm]in which fired,
and whether sufficient marks are present for identification.
- ! Fired shotshell casing found at scene: Determine
gauge, original factory loading and whether sufficient marks are
present for identification.
' ! Wedding or shot from victim or scene: From wadding
determine gauge and possibly manufacturer of wadding. From shot,
| determine size. Shot not identifiable with a suspect|firearm.
!- Fired cartridge case/shotshell casing
versus|firearm:| To determine whether loaded into and/or fired in
firearm.|
a! Based on identifiable firing pin impression,
breech face or chamber marks, can establish as fired in specific||firearm.| ' i
* ' b! Based on extractor or ejector marks, can onlyij§} identify as having been loaded into and extracted from specific
§§§ ||firearm.|
Sensitive
PRINTED: 02/ 18/98 p
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Manual of Investigative Operations and Guidelines
Part II _ 92 PAGE 13_
EFFECTIVE: 04/07/97
13-12.3.3 Unfired Cartridge or Shotshell
Note: See 1312.4.2 regarding "Shipping of Live
Ammunition."! Sometimes it is important to determine whether the
unfired cartridge or shotshell was loaded into and extracted from a
firearmlbased on the presence of extractor and/or ejector marks. The- 108 -
fol1owing'can'beidetermined:
- ! Cartridge: Specific caliber, type of|firearm|
involved and whether sufficient marks for identification.
! Shotshellz Gauge and whether sufficient marks are
present for identification.
! Cartridge/shotshell versus|£irearm:| Determine if
loaded into and extracted from a suspectlfirearm. Does not apply to
revolvers.
EFFECTIVE: 04/07/97
13-12.3.4 Gunshot Residues
Gunshot residues may be located, depending on the muzzle-
to-garment distance, by t
. ! Microscopic examination of the area surrounding the
hole for gunpowder particles and gunpowder residues, smudging and
singeing. g
! Chemical processing of area surrounding hole to '
develop a graphic representation of powder residues and lead residues
around hole. Test patterns obtained compared with those produced at
various distances using suspect_Eirearm and ammunition like that used
in the case--from same source if possible. i
|! The Firearms/Toolmarks Unit FTU! only examines
victim's clothing for gunshot residues in order to determine distance
Sensitive
PRINTED: 02/18/98
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_ - - Sensitive
. ..,,
Manual of Investigative Operations and Guidelines '
Part II - _; r - PAGE 13-# 109
of the muzzle of the firearm to the clothing at the time of '
discharge. Therefore, only the clothing from the area where the
victim was shot should be submitted for examination for gunshot
residues. For example, if the victim was shot in the chest, requests
for examination of the victim's pants, shoes, etc., for gunshot
residues should not be made. s
! In rare occasions the FTU will examine shooter's
clothing for gunshot residues; primarily when there is evidence of a
struggle between the victim and the subject. The FTU does not
examine suspected shooter's clothing for the presence of gunshot
residues in order to_prove_that_they discharged a firearm. In theiéevent an examination of a shooter's clothes for the presence ofi7VT4mn7W _ __ ______ *____
92 gunshot residues is needed, the request should be directed to theI Chemistry Unit.|
EFFECTIVE: O7/25/97
:::;:? 13-12.3.5 Shot Pattern
The distance at which a shotgun was fired can be . _
| determined. It is necessary to test fire THE SUSPECT|Eirearm|at
various distances using the same type of ammunition as involved in the
| case being investigated. Fired shotshells from the suspect|firearm|
can be submitted. See paragraph 13-12.4.2 regarding the shipment of
live ammunition.
EFFECTIVE: O4/O7/97
13-12.3.6 Trigger PU11
The amount of pressure necessary to fire a weapon can be
determined.
. EFFECTIVE: 05/26/89
fax 92
._ c-_- -"-s-c
Sensitive
PRINTED: 02/18/98
7"" - -- ----w <7" "T-'~ '-~_r_v._;¢_:-_,-_-'_:.*_l*-*7-7'. 92 ,, ' 77- '-*7. 1"?"-.-' - 1:."-"'. "r""-'=' ' Imrzw .J.~ .1 "* 7'
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. I '______;__
Manual of Investigative Operations and Guidelines
Part 11 E 1 A ' _ PAGE 13"- 110
13-12.3.? Determination of Accidental Firing 1 ' H
' I"Accidenta1" is a determination of a state of mind;
however, a £irearm|can be examined to determine if it can or cannot be
[fired without pulling the trigger.
EFFECTIVE: U4/O7/97. 121..
-A.__
…[truncated]