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this anniversary the air force that was once the mightiest m they world nds its conventional strength reduced to the level of
..;"ff~;'::'7"1c9untrie.s._.li4i$q.I92;l!ji¢Y and North Korea, Sweden and India. " i,
Q At present the"hittir'i'§_Foiw'v'erof the*R.-A-¢F».-is-conce.ntr'aie_d inits -I ' . " ageing V-bomber force. - in every other department .il'l¢.31_I§!'I__"d'5'ii"i=""""£=.r-"
- has been drastic. - ' ' m" " i*' "" ' I! TOMORROW the ifoyal Air Force is 50 years old: As it rhe-aclhell 1
"in
Q 'But does this matter? For in the H-bomb era, do conventional
forces count? Would not any war quickly become an H-bomb war?.
- O Today the Sunday Express publishes an article with anl important hearing on these questions. it puts forward a revolu-
tionary view of strategy in the years immediately ahead and
risks of conventional war.i-.= ', - ' _ exposes the blunders of oicial military planners in writing-off the
WHEN Robcrt_192ic- by THE RT. HON. " e ~
Namara look i"llbdeparture from theJohnson _ Adm_inisira~ = _ . ' , 1 MP-tlon earlier this year ' . -. .. ~ ' Shadow Defence Minister
- 92he iefi.a lime bomb
behind in the Penta-
gong
Itis now setting off a.
cries or explosions which,
etore they are nished,s
b
will have reduced the
0fcial military thinking
r the West. for the last
0 years to rubble. 'D
2
The bomb was his Valedic-
arlgy Report to Congress.e fuse was a single sen-'
1' an incredible action is not
eective deterrent. _ 'cnce therein: "The threat, .
in '
ALTERNATIVES '1 »1 .
slung between two alterna-
tives: either a war which
endangered their safety and
existence would not break-
out at ail. or. it it did. it
would go nuclear in a matter
or a few days at most. We
have now been cut down
and pitched on to the hard
oor of a very different
reality. l
The Pentagon has left no
doubt that It means Just
what it says when it talks
about the threat oi an
incredible action not being
an effective deterrent.
The Defence Secretary:The Royal Navy fought-and lostthe " battle oi the
ca.rrie1s in 1965-6 without
any reference to an Atlantic
war or an all-out war at
sea."
Coxitroversy. true. there
has been about 3 "broken-
backed war at sea. lifter
the nuclear saivoes had
been exchanged; but a war
at sea before the nuclear
exchange or without any
nuclear exchange has not
even been discussed. And
now the Americans have
made it the centre-piece oftheir naval th1_nl.cin:._ i3 rr.
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.1 ?-
a lme-up of Vulcans, Britain's nuclear b
own forces? Denis Healey,in the very rst debate inwhich we clashed in 1965-itwas on the Terrltorlal A:-my
-poured scorn on my con-
if war had tothat the argumen
about the dltTeren-
one day and ve c
a European war gr
. I can sympallm-1
can-era, tripod. and accessoriesinto water8_i|'oof containers, andburidlled em ln / iter the etron" .
l had often rel". ed thenecessary action in t...: minds
eye, and had lain the basis for
it. It had become my fre-glltlll habit to drive out toreat Falls to spend a peacefulhalf-houriegngo on the warm}had Bill WI! I Iable for the action $2; had
now become necessary.
I parked the car on I
deserted stretch oi road with
the Potomac on the left and awood on the rizht where the
underarowth was hiah and
dense enouch for concealment.
I doubled back a couble oi
hundred cards throuizh the
bushes and lot to work withthe trowel.
A few minutes inter I re-
emerized from the wood doin:
no my fly-buttons and drove
back home. where I fiddledaround in the garden with the
trowel before IOlIiR in to lunch.
As far as inanimate obiec-is
were concerned. I was clean ass whistle.
I was now in a oositlon to
rive attention to the escanearohlerrt its it had never beenFar from my mind in the
areviotts weeks. I was able tobake on my mind before theend oi the day.
My decision was to stay nut.
was iruidcd by the considera-ion that. unless my chances ofiurvlval were mniniai. my
-tear duty was to nizht it out.There was little doubt that I
vould have to lie low for aime. and that the time mightic orolonaed and would surely
e trvlnit But at the end ofl. there miaht well be.oooor-unity of turther 58l'VlCE._ Thevent was to brove me riirht.
The DI'0ble.t'n resolved itself
-ito assessment of-my chancesf survival. and I .ludited=-them> be considerably better than"ven
EIJJOV a
ae over nennle like Fuchs,
ho had little or no know-
dae oi lntelliizence work. For
iy nart. I had worked for ll
ears in the Secret Service. For
»ven of them I had been~in
.irly senior bosition. and for
.aboratlon with 92I.I5.
For nearly two years I had
ien intimately linked to the
uerican Services and had been
desultory relatlonshin withem {or another eiizht. I ielt
at I knew the enemy well
ouirh to foresee in generalrms the moves he was likely-matter ~-i .
It was also evident that there
iistbe many neonle in blah
sitlons in London who would
sh verv much to see my inno-
inclined to alve m_e the bene-i
of any doubt going. and it
.5 my business to see that the
am for doubt was enacious. -What evidence. to my know-
l'here were the early Left-
fta association-s in Can-ibrldze.
ev were widely known. soire was no ooii-it in conceal-: them. But I had nevermed the Communist Party, in;aland. and it would eurelv beicult to orove 15 rears after
event that I had worked
wnf the sickening fact ghet-st of mv Vienna friends I-'cre_o '~
ere was the nasty littletence in Krivitzkys evidence.E. the Soviet Secret ServiceIt was an ug
. faced with time-lncsclbabll tow i
light I had worked in closestl - ,, . '
rice established "I"hev would
5!:. could be brouzht aaalnet I
Rallv in Austria. esoeeiall in -I
btedl d d. *: "-*" 1'-T _h11 r ea
.aiit..-.a ..¥.9lll'.8... !5!!'"h..__..*1.'.munist activity in Vienna;then the eomoetebreak mgmy Gommun t friends
England. followed ell too
closely by cultivation of hula. in London and Berlin. ..
Then the choice of all
places! out Franco Boein in"* ° - ° iii °lt.'.°li' ll%tic career: n n Jr
ithe Secret Service with Bor-' can heafnd my emerlcnoe.fn the vice ll Ill, QIDGH
on anti-Soviet and enti-
Communist work and Mall!my fore-lnowletllll -of theaction to be ta 09 lllinst
Mu-lean and the letters escaoe .
I; mcture. I was
eiusion that I could not hone}to orovc m.v 1nll0i=0ll0¢-
That conclusion. did not
decrees nielunduly. A etronagresumotion oi tn! Iitllt _ll'lliil'll.e good enough for an Inte ii-
-aence ofcer. But it wits not
enough for a lawyer. What heneeded was evidence.
The chain of circumstantial
evidence that might be brottchtaitaiust me was uncomfortablglong. But. as I examined eac
single link oi the chain. l
thoucht I could break it: andif everv link was broken singly.
"'li 'i.*; **".t*= 2' .§E§l'3 . _ es a noes .thought my chances were good.
My next task was to itet out
into the open and start
scatterina the seeds of doubtls ltéar and wide as I oossiblvcon .
The newt tewdlae lalve mge pentyo oppor n . n eoflice. Paterson.-and, I talkedof little else. and Mackenzie
[the embassy security oicerlioined our deliberations fromlme to time. I do not thinkthat Paterson had an inkllnaor the truth at the time. but I
am less sure of Mackenzie. On
occasion I thoiiizht I cauaht s
shrewd glint in his eye.
My cart in the discussionswas to formulaic a theorywhich covered the known facts."J"-and =he|n.mertri§,__~homc..un:il it'u_k - .='-4-11. .It -ITIIISL be borne tn mind tha ..ed n enormous advan-ITh i ' -the &=3lii2n Li*li.£3. »-.-iii¬s lhave already described astooiish. to withhold certainoaoers from Mnclean and tnout his movements under
surveillance. Tslcing that u Qetartlniz-boint. I made .1reconstruction ot the case whichwas at leaet lmlmssiblg wdzsorove. It ran thus:-The. evidence of Ki-ivizityshowed that Macle-an had beenworking for at least 16 years.I-Ie was therefore an experi-enced and competent operator.Such it man. ever on guard.would he quick to notice thatcertain cate cries of papa- '¢"' |>9ll'l8 wlgthheld from him:{rlj_i1s5° 5"-W Ill-lquletinc conclu-
I-lis next steo would be tcheck whether he was being fol:lowed its he was being followed.he would not take long to dis-cover the fact. But. while thesediscoveries would alert Maclean£9 his danger. they elm put,11!; lgi a éiltéaiidarrv.D .was to "ac Mon isurteillance D n companywith a Soviet contact; yetwithout a Soviet contact hischance 0! lono would beEreatlv diminished.
whn? ht was still meditat-ing this problem. the act ofGod occurred. Burgess eralkedinto his room-his old comrade, I could produce no evidencethat there had been an oldassociation between Burgessand Macleari. but the tact thatthey had gone together made itaonngholly reasonable assump-
_ .l5.""".'li"i'li;-_»e--.-J 2*
-7
R 4»."- . V 11 - - "' -i"-i.*'' l ' I
_ .. i '
Soviet collea ues had '_been mind§ul that
something might go.
wrong and put me in
danger. .
To meet such a possi-
bility, we had elaborated
ext:-emef_' emergency. It
was clear that the depar-
ture of Burgess gave rise
to anemergency [because
Burgess. unlike Maciean,had been a known associ-
ate 0] Piillbysl. But wasit an "extreme emergency ?
I had to put aside thedecision for a iew hours. inorder" to deal with two
immediate problems. Onewas to fer. rid or certaincomprom sing equipmenthidden in my house _
The-other was lieu, thereeling of the Fylégii Bureauoi Investigation. since thatrnieht sifeet the details at I11!escape.Gettine rid or the equiomentwas oerhaos the more uraeni.titsli of the two. but I decidedto let it wait.it would have looked veryodd if I had left the embassy
immediately after hearing thenews: and Paterson's telegram
gave me a aood excuse or test r » . , '
in: the F.B.1. without deiav. it
concluded with instructionsthat he should lntorm l.-add oi.its contents
[Geore Paterson was amember ax the Brztish Embassymy m ashinpton. it was hewho had-received the telegramfrom London announcing the
delecrton oi Burgess andMacledn Mickey Ladd was
assistant director of F'.B.i'. and
was Plnlbyfs Chldflllll with
that organisation.! .
Paterson. doubtless thinkingthat his face would he tirettyred by the end oi the interview,
asked me it I would aceoinpanirhtm on the grounds that twored laces mlg t be better than
one. The fact that mv racewas Jarobably more grey thanred id not alter the orincioleoi the thing.
Ladd tool: the news with. F _/* o _
PHI l.'BY'S "OW!
Have you ever wondered how j :_§§°ii Duel.the .S8CUi'lty"'S¬l'ViC8S reacted
to the defection of_ Burgess and
~.-Maclean-? "Suspicion centred
eh! Y I -.53. I. I:
H 3 ,_¢;. _ . é BURGE53S* derar-,=~ mi» ~ ' " i ~ -- " "'ture -w"itli;JMac can-" !"'_'§_:'-'2~§;f§;§'i,h1..;,. ;'.~_-ij? ' _' .;? :i -ft-.faced me with a_;,fale- _ ;__--.§.;;;.,;';.§;;~" ;;;..,_'- ._ _ ,--fulc_lecis|<_!n.'"From lliel ' - v_ 'earliestdiscussions of Q;-_f_- ._ -, iMaclean s escape, l1l_Y..~_§@_'-'."" *.,l-92 _ . .. '
I l l. ~ * __ "1 i _:,. 3 . .:t_ n I_; r - -_ "1 _ .
r _ > _1 , I 4-I}?
e ' t
remarkable cairn. A few ashesof mlschie! suggested that hemight almost e gleased thatthe biooda British ad made amess oi I But l iuessed thathis calm masked a personal
vtorry. .Ladd had oiten met Burgessst mg house. and had invitedhim ack to his own. Against
all the odds. their had got onwell together. Both were
aizgresslve. provocative charac-ters: they exchanged insultswith mutual appreciation.
At their rst meeting. Burgesshad attacked the CDI'I'l.]'![l0l'l and[:ia[t92-lhlC1'I.. he alleaed. madenonsense of the lndzananoiismotor trials and in doing sotools several heltv side~swioes atthe American war of life tnaeneral
Ladd oositivelv liked it. Hehad nrobabiv never heard I;.Kim Phil
"version o11
lithe faced
1
v.
92-C "T
an esca e_ la l I_ 1'el A q _ _l ' ~.~ -e l ._1.» j. 1 _..=~»--5f?6en'ii"i iiift~aaé%l§.l5"e§i¬eT=?~?'. -_ i i e - ~ r +discretion i in"I92'- case i :01!-_.-*3 -~ "-;'.-.='£"; ;?"§5§.:7:I7.-T =--.':li?=*.-
rm! Pinto:
gases Etnzitshman taoN
ln the oresent crls
not have been Ladc.
not wondered how
boss. Hoover. knew-own acquaintance w
1 concluded that Lari
interest would wo
Iavour
From him we a
Lamphere [also or
manner was quite r
We discussed the
hlm. and he ven:i
theories in his nu
wav which Slll-!t!EaI'was still far _h'oui 1leit we building nit.It was eosstbleI.-add and ilrlpllei"
eliminate actorstooled me. But it e
lumping at 5ll8d092'.':act as. it the F.B.1in the dark. ml 1pass e
M.I.5 niig
out meThev r
so withoi
using the
in I.-0i'_idm".
Wasliiiigtagain
days
unlikelyfore:
me
M._
the l
cam:
;F '!.WN STORY: KART THRE
one/man.; Nowithat man-
. n§i;;l?_!~l,1_jo|by-;-presents his own
..:.-.¢-J--. ' '92 -
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i .i=
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,'_ ._;_.l,92.t9 92 _ ,, -rg ,~5~, -.2 1
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I . .9292M.--1
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s ZR Y
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Erigltlhmm talk that fl!"
' ..e Dresent crisis. he would
ive1b:;§i:ihLadd ll iheabd iii er ow mill! I E
Hoover. knew about hll
.-quaintance with Burgess.udcd that Ladd s nersonnl
. would work Ln niir
n him we went to nee
iere lalso oi "F-8.1.]. His
5- was nuigi normal. L-hscussed e escane Ir '
Hid he veniured.a iew
Ell? em; f§§-15" rigging '. 1-. u 2 " a eill far Irotnhthe truth. I.- bUIldI!!%IIilI1I'l rel:eved=-as Lnossihie that boihin Imp ere were eon-~;c gctroi-is who nos!:ITIE. Ll Id} DO:3 at shadows. I ha?! loéi E1: F.B.L were It'll]ll 92'
as possible that int any: M.I.5 mlghi: nslt the
lg DtiIt_h me anger unr- -. . e eou ensM ilD_C so without IT? know!-r92_ i}_l181tIZ the RB. . repre-»K; _92'e in London as 1- direct '
~ 'l?er?a:2:[h§ Iu'ielt thatn !ew- CIR?! gene. It"lost unilltey t at i921.1.5-
out [foreign security .' on"!-0 me without the
lent -' oi-' -M.l.o. - and I
.tt ti-Ih htt Id hid e er wonb ore cornpoundln a 3nurse 12 L e|l»,., } 3% L1 osion of what happened whenfaced Jfgs interrogators. I
, .
%.. V
_. -_ . - 92 .
A Qfg- r.
3 All.
. - " iT*> R
I-92 -
flril war. [Krluitsky ire: u Red..-Army Intelligence ogicer whodefected In 193?.! ut there
were no further identifyingnarticulars and man dvounzmen from Fleet Street I noneto Snain.
There was the awkward tact
that Bu:-zess had zotme intothe Secret Service in the rst
' nlace. I had already decided to
circumvent that one bv nlvini:the name oi a well-known lldiv
n_-ho iniizht have been resoon-
sible for inv recruitment. II she
admitted resnonslbiliiv allwould be well. Ii she denied it
i could arzue that I would
scarcelv have nanied her if Ihad not really believed that she
was resnonslble. -
xi
: The really dirricult problem
was to explain away my rela-
tions Wlih Burgess I sharedverv ten 0! his tastes. very few
oi hzs friends. and few oi hzs
intellectual Interests. Theessential bond between IL! was,of course. political, and that
was a point that had to beblurred to the best oi my
ability.To a certain extenigeogrlphy
helped. While l was in Austria.he was at Cambridge: whileI was in Spain. e was in
London. much of the warEieriod he was in London. butwas in France. Hampshire.
and Hertfordshlre: then I
iyent to Turkey, and he onlycaught up with me in Washing-ton alter a year. -
I could thereiore show that
real intimacy never had nchance to ETDW : he was slmiJ3_I. stunula mg but occasionh t th t¢course, would solve Macleanlgroblem. since Burgess. throughis contact. coul make all
necessary arrangements.This was strongly sugportedby the Iaot that it was urgesswho looked after the deiniis
such as hiring the car. Andwhy did Burgess go too? Well.It was clear to aterson and
Mackenzie that Burgess waswashed up II1 the Foreign
Odicp. and pretty near the endof his tether in general.
Doubtless, his Soviet Irlendsthought 1|. would be best toremove him trom I. scene in
which his nresence miam. con-
stitute a danger to others.Such was m¥l story and Istuck to it. It ad the advan-tage oi beta? based on knownIacis and ainost unchallenge-able nssnmpt1ons._ The onlly_people who oould disprove twere the two who had-vanished and myseli. 1 -
1 was also happ to nee that;
~=".'+$==#:=~*~r==e-V:-I-=e:'§='~:= 'r-"_'--*-Ir--.'-s--=';=». '=. f'-£--.--'-:_i_'- =.-r..ie- -n- -.-=--+7 = -- '- ' - ' ~Kim Philby: Journalism provided e cover for his.real ac
exnerieneed some mild social
embarrassment when the news
broke. with all the carefree em-
bellishment or the nonular Press»
One of the snootler oi the
embassy wives Rave me 1 iriacznlstare a: one of the ambassador:
irarden -narties. But London
remained _om:nou.slv silent
One te.ezrai:n arrived Iron:London saying that it was understood ' I at I knew Bur-
gess personallrz could I throwany light on his behaviour?
But the one 1 was exoectinz
n'as_ a most immediate. oersonaLdecinheriyourseli telegram fromthe chie summoning me home.
Ar. last the summons came. I
booked my oassaze tor. theIollowink day. 92
l arrived i.n London about
noon. and was lmmedaieivinvolved in I. bizarre episode.
1 had boarded the airnort busand taken e seat lhnmedlatelr
next-to the door;'"- - .1" When the hue-WI: i'ull..u92'?»the theor was who "accent-' T5"'airltI.ted sur llbbclred on tb - companion Wu L E we g -_.abie to/i.iKe F.B.1. ~.'.l&dd and mni::'!11l:iaoardq1~iand"lraaticaI!l;"_he had stayed with me mink"<
92
the Sec:--Y I:
I knew very
looking for.
yards away ll
two feel. in
have snoited
I had .
c-iflclaliv oz.
dare in"
lights were ..
I wen: 1..
Ind af'er
Jacl: Ea.-tori
Prleéfd Ph:lo_;III. aslhilngrorcept ti e =1.Zia of the llr.
Easton asked
and I told hur
to come over
Secret Iritellig.
quarters! stra
Of course n
I took relish :the anlc tsurest? when I
non-arm-aWinston lookrwhen I eniere
laid the y tmnhere both-liked" t;u",d.*in.»flseru the é zen.-~ of 'lllPI3I'1¢J glint.111°" 1!?"-PJ;1¢w-.»I-.é:lfu"""i7.:;nkedm,ov;fmI lea lbaold-,<* lent -J2 ow
'-3% J7*. '_ne. " ' 1 . ed "l 1? -». st rho: iimililliii.-i. 01.51% . es .,. i». is -'1 , "* re.i I I Y I.lI77.li:'. ...
_ P__ Y J61.-QCh';#__1"" . is i " . .°*"
Bishop * i'
_ _ _ . Casper
spy 1-aiarold A. R §Kun!glans I 1 ovie
igenoo "£'O1'fl0£l' _' .111} Istanbulwho was to defect to
{tho West V ed to alert the Brit-
ilsbi G0vernment'ln,1945 to the
existence of three Soviet under-
oover agentsln its intelligence
service. A "
But Mr. Philby writes that lie
was instrumental inpreveriting
in re s '1" information from O PGCI 5C
reaching London. The agents
were Qonald Maclean. Guy
Burgess and Mr. Philby hlinseh[-"iii: high British secret service
_oi'ficials. Mr. Msclean and
Burgess defected tothe Soviet
Union in 1951, and Mr. Philbyl
defected in 1963. r In an 85-000-word manuscript
Moscow, Mr Philby writes that
the Soviet offic1als defection
was foiled, presumably after
Mr Philby notified the Soviet
authorities
Mr. Pl'illlJy C0lltBl'ldS that he
and his two associates were not
detected mainly because of the
British Governm nt s reluctance
to _ investigate anyone withtheir upper class and university
background
First Part Published
The first installment of Mr
Philby s account oi his 30 years
as s double agent is being pub
iished for the first time in the
West in the current issue of
Evergreen Review, a monthlymagazine of literature and li
tics published in New Yor A
second installment is to appear
in the magazine's May issue
and the memoirs will be pub-
lished by Wave Press ,uext
Hmo th a book title ', :.., is we-_ , .
b
ie manuscript of the. ook. a copy of which became
available to The New York
Tii-nos, Mr. Philby traces his
-career in the British intelligence
service. from 1940 until he be-
came First Secretary of the.
British Embassy in Washington
in 1949, in charge of liaison
with the United States Govern-
ment in security matters. Y The main Ithemes are laxity
and rivalries{in the British and
uomerican intelligence agencies,
the failure of alleged plans to
roment -anti-Oommunist senti-
.ment. in Eastern Europe andlthe cold convoluted, ihinkipgrequired ' in the . improba lei
worlEl'i5i' e"spionage 'Sre 1ili8Ei9 3K Harold A. Phllby iI:$"/00]: by Ph11bySays He Fo1Ied92 -------- tr s e """""' "'1"'*;._ _ r-.
-1--4
Conrad
i, _ F-ell _-_.__ __ ___' K 92 Collcihon .___._..._
l
l
J
C92n'ien?re||-HI
i
he completed last summer in
I . 4 - _ ;
l - ' l
l
. _. . _ If y
. - . . li i_-. Phil '. believed to be tiiefm nt sOV tO
have penetrated Western intel-
]lgE1'lCB, has lived in Moscowl
since he fled to the Soviet Un-f
ion from Beirut. Lebanon, where
he was Middle Eastern corre-
spndcnt oi The Observer of
London. Last December, he was
acclaimed a hero of the K.G.l3.,
't.he Soviet intelligence service,
in connection with the 50th an-l
niversary of the Bolshevil-t Rev-
Ioiution. '117" eieéiipn
~ l
. it
Two-Fold Purpose Seen e
The sudden.strention given
Mr. Philby and Moscow's au-
thorization of the publication of
his memoirs in the West were
viewed by experts in Soviet
policies as serving a two-fold
purpose to discredit Western
intelligence organizations and
to improve the image of the
Soviet Union's security serv-ices for its citizens. " "
The manuscript is written as
"a personal record" of what
Mr. Philby calls the hazards
of the long journey from Cam-
bridge to Moscow." Mr. Philby
asserts that he became a Soviet
agent in I933 out of Commu-nist conviction gained at Cam-
bridge and that he was recruited"
into die British secret service
rt 94 . Bu he lag Mi-._Bg; 1 Q, 5 0 ers no dil; how__i___irst
_m t,_ r. urgesslean at ii? university, nor does
he identify tiny-» .-o_i h_is_.S0_vlet
contacts. . _ . .'
"During my period of service-
there was no single case of a
- consciously conceived "operation
,a.gaii-ist §_oviet intelligence bear-
ies irwE"'3_ *9 ~11'i¢<=_&'s-1-i-=1-4Gcile
/ Fiosen
Sullivon
Tove]
Trotter ..._________
Tele. Room ni
Holmes _.________
G-zmdy
1,1. W
-~.
951!- FED corv gm ,4 .-c- i.»BY .1./15.!? L . - _
PER :1-:»a IF !-"F2;
The Washington Post _
Times Herald
The Washington Daily News ____.__
The Evening Star Washington! .__,__
The Sunday Star Washington! ..___._
Dally News New York!
Sunday News {New York! .._ _
New York Post _______,______
The New York Times ..._.__l 2".
The Sun Baltimore! __. .._ .
The Worker _.__.______________i____
New Leader _ _
111: Wall Slrcct foumal
The National Observer ___________
People's World
Dale ___ i'il,>'5l,ll'il S_l_3__ Z Z
4 é/5' ,4 it _,i- #-
¬"F" Nor nuPov.il_l<-ll?
191 APR s use
g-*"l=v<i.,lC:]ll./i-3-----=--~==-*=-1-"07 __1|* _ _ _ * *_ i i_ "_ if i i V f i V
1
¢
I
i
i
-it
ilk,1The tip to the British Gov-
ernment that could 1YiVe'1i3' ml
the exposure oi his spy ring,
he says, came from 1 Soviet
intelligence agent identified as
Konstantin Volkov. i
Assigned to Cue i
Mr. Philby says he prevented
more specific information fromi
reaching London by getting
himself assigned to the case
"because it nearly put an end
to a promising career." By the,
time he arrived in Istanbul,
three weeks after Mr. Volkovfirst m1de contact -with the
British, nquiries at the Soviet
Embassy were greeted with I
terse "Volkov's in Moscow.f'
In a report to his superiors,
Mr. Philby writes. he speculated
that the Russians could have
learned of Mr. Volkovs_ inten-
tions to defect by bugging_ his
room. Or Mr. Volkov might
have betrayed himself thro_ug-h
nervousness or excessive drink-ing, Mr. Phiiby added. '
Another theorythat the
Russians had been tipped off
about Volkov's approach to the
Britishhad no solid evidence
to support it." Mr. Philbyi
writes. it was not worth iri-
cludini: in mv report."
Another crisis that jeopard-
ized his career came during Mr.
Philbys service in Washington.
Shortly after his arrival in 1949,
he was informed that a Brit-.
ish-Anierican investigation of
Soviet intelligence activity had
yielded f a strong suggestion;tha .,_i1_92 or ation a __ ea_ ifro tish Em r-
ing 1944_,ar1d i945,_ the_ye=ars an had baiinsrvif 3
Mr. Philby writes that his
initial anxiety "was tempered
by relief after he found that
either the British nor the Fed-
ral Bureau of Investigation
suspected that a high diplomat
was involved.
."lnstead," he adds, "the in-
vestigation had conecentrated
on nondiplomatic employes at
the embassy, and particularly
on those locally recruited, the
sweepers, cleaners, bottle wash-
ers and the rest. A charlady
with a Latvian grandmother,
for instance, would rate a 15-
page report crowded with in-
significant detail of herself. her
family and friends, her private
life and holiday habits. It was
testimony to the enormous re-
ouroes of the F.B.I. and to the,
pitiful extent to wihch those
resources were squandered. Iti
was enough to convince mei
that urgent action would not be!necessary, but that the case;H _v;n]ilri_ [_§qUiilB ming],_e__92§@t_ch-i
li I
i
IF: Not Macleani Yes. he an-F]. M, G /92
"T-iowever during later t-ings-iviui4'seviet t-
aide Washington he was told
that it was essential to rescue
Maclean before the net closed
on him. Mr. Maclean was atthe time head oi the Americanl
Department of the Foreip Qt
lice in London.Mr. Philby tells how he as-i
signed Mr. Burgess, who was
also working at the British Em-bassy and living with the Phil-1
bys, to warn Mr. Macleari in
London. Mr. Burgess was to
get himself arrested three timesin one daly for drunken drivingin Virgin a, forcing Sir Oliver
Franks, the Brltis Ambassa-
dor, to send him home because
Lt _{nigh1;,, have looked g jiit
L r. Burge§sf1'etijh'ed92vgluntary ust bet -M.M -lean sa i red. °nh~i-=3;PPBI1 ,
Confident that Mr. Maciean
would soon be safe, Mr. Philby
forestalled any possibility that
he would be suspected by'giv-
ins lhe_inves_tigation "a nudge
in the right direction. To that
end, he writes,_ I wrote a mern-.
orandum to Head Office sug-
gesting that we might be'wast-
trig our time in exhaustive in-
vestigations of the embassy
menials." -
But after reaching Lon-
don, Mr. Burgess apparentlyi>anic_lied_ancI_ yoined Mr. Mac-ean in his flight to the Soviet,
Union, on May 25, 1951.
Describing how he learnedabout their escape from a col-i,
league at the embassy at a
horribly early hour" the next
morning. Mr. Philby writes:
He looked grey. Kim. he
said in a half-whisper. the bird
has flown. I registered dawn-i
ing horror I hope!. What bird?
swered, but theres worse their
that. Guy Burgess has gonewith him.. At that. my conster-ination was no pretense." i
i In the wake of the Burgess-
Maclean case, which caused a
major outcry in Parliament. Mr.
Philby was recalled from Wash-
i_ngton and was asked to resign.
The Government denied atithei
time that he had been involved
in the case and, according to
the memoirs, five years laterhe resumed his roe as 1; doubleagent wig e wor in or The0 server. S
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'I:I"Y§,'ir;:@1 F . c
THE MASTER
r. :-_-.1. _- 5._
.MlLL_|ONS .of,,words have bee
written] aboutj Kim Philby, wt
I .
.from1 within the
Only one manfor 1 20¥Tyearsi spied for Russr
British} Secr.
_Service.¬_.M,uch has -bee
second-hand, speculative stui
really knov
how and" why Philby assume
ihi§»..d.eui;>.I.e..r<>l@- anti, wile}. r?r,e¢i1" his RUSSIE
-' J. .
;masters . = .s"*@".s.;ervr¢e1?i:he,.~ gayefi" '
That an is Philby._ Now r
tells his storythe spy story
the century, perhaps of all tirr
. - ! . , ' _
y N cs s 1-;
doubt should
lurk in devious minds.
a plain statement of
the facts l5 perhaps
called for.
in early manhood 1
became an accredited,
member oi"the SovietIntelligence Service. -I can
therefore claim to have
been a Soviet Intelligence
officer for some thirty-odd
years. and will no doubt
remain one until death or
senile decay forces my
retirement
But most or my work has
ialn tn fields normally
covered. in British and. _1. -1..
l regarded Ill! 5.1-B. appo
purely in the iisht of ctto be carried out so
vijeil to ensure mv attairtlons in which mv sr
the Soviet Union would
eifeotlve My conner:
S.l_.S must he seen as
Dl'i0i' total cornmiimenSoviet Union which I
then. as 1 do now. the '.
tress of the world movr
in trie nrst year
penetrated very 151.9that period I was
intelligence nrobatione.look back with wondr
Innite patience showseniors in the service. :
matched only bv the
sent understandinz
Wee: after wees. '
meet in one or otht
remoter open spaces inweek utter week l wn
the rendezvous emo
5
-:Rj
I?US_S_i_8;
$e.@t¢t.bteen?
stuff.
knows.
sumed-Y
ll
ug: .4 It
'%>2'-" .
loryi. of ii
||_i.'liT]8
I r {-
92_ nerrid movement.- l -
year or f
3: little.I was a ....._.i-bationer. i I st
.1 wonder at t
e shown by~t-rvice. s patie
bv their lute -redlnas "-3!
week. * we. wo oi
-r other ct the
-faces in Londo l-
2! i would rea -
its e:npt_r=haride.-
ii s load of pains-viadmonition. addt I was - or at
.1 my 'tailui-e'"1t'i__?-ital worth while ;iii went on std;lien the time eairiel
>1-it. i round -my
."i much-;oI-__
.i.lequiPm_ent>»1 _§,-,.i
Iii.l" '-1'G own §.'oRY G ~G2/.2
I
_._. _
E"
_ ;.._; 4
' iii _ , .1. Q ni-t k '1 92 .g _i.E _.i,. .1
. ., -'
--_ I I. '~ r. 1 - y _,.
4 J 9
'lI.la
ti
edgedJ_'Q¢r-~- st- the Soviet
nore:5'l""E1=fbw- did it ail< De¢liil'i" My
";, decision to play Ill ICHVO
pari in the stru gle againstOw .- he-K:-'l_ reaction was not 518 result oi~ sudden conversion My earliest
thoughts on politics turned me
towards the Labour movement;
and one oi my rst acts on
goina up to Cambridge in 1929-
was --to loin the CambrldtieUniversity Socialist Society For
the first two veers. I attended
its meetings with regularity. out
otherwise loot little part in its
pro-ceedirias . _
Through general .reuG1ng 1
became graduallll aware that
the Labour Party in Britain
stood well apart from themainstream oi the Leit as a
world-wide force But the real
turninii-point in my thinking
came with the deinoralisation
and rout oi the Labour Party
in 1931. it seemed incredible
that the party should be so_heipless against the reservestrength w icli Reaction couldl1'!Ol!il..5Q in time of crisis More
important still. the tact that s
supposedly sophisticated -elec-
torate had been stampcded by
the cynical propaganda of theclay threw serious doubt on thevaidity oi the assumptions
underlying B.i'ii8lIl!!l'lI-ill?democracy as a w ole _
ltoas the Labour dllisstei oi
I931 which rst set me seriously
thinking about possible alterna-tives to the L-ab-our Party l
began to take a more active part
in the proceedings oi'the Carn-
lgridge University Socialist_u92'.|Cif:iZ, and was its treasurerin l93..~3 This brought me into
contact with streams of Left-
wlnrt opinion critical or the
Labour Party. notably with the
Communists. Extensive reading
and growing appreciation of theclassics oi European Socialism
alternated with vigorous and
sometimes heated discussions{within the society.ii_,-. ji _l ,__».....~=- '.-. -- .I I ,1-1 1 I | II ' -: -is _,_{i;
-_ -,i
r
1' -' I 1'
Q * :
5; 1 '~
.3"*-er. - -
at Cambridge. in the summer
oi i933. that I threw o- my last
doubts I left the U..l11V!I'Sil._V
with a degree and with the con-
viction that my lile must be
devoted to Goinrnunism
i-low. -" where and when 1
became a member of the $OVlGl
Intelligence Service is I. matter
for mysell and my comrades Iwill OillY say that when theproposli on was made to me I
did not hesitate One does not
looii twice at an offer of enrol:meni in an elite force.
The iirsi serious crisis 01 Ill]
career was long drawn out. last-_lug roughly from the middle oiill l to the .end- of i955
Throughout it i was illstalneby the thought that nobodycould pin on me any lli'lR'.Wi1
Communist organisations. for
the simple reason that I had
never been li_ member of an!
. ' . .. .' - I
.. ..|. - l
'..Ihen_nrst 30 years or may worsior ....e cause w..ic_. -believed were from the |J8_Fll'i-ning. agent underground hislong "D are started in Central
Europe in June I933; ll ended
in the Lebanon in Jaritia_r.v 1963
Only then was I lble to emerge
in my -U"i.'iE COIOUFS. the Ct!lCll1I'l
or 2. Soviet intelligence oriicer. -
Alter neariilr'a year oi illegalactivity in Central- Europe
iii?J " 't"'$i""ii.l"; t it s. w en e us e
Cambridge! i returned to Eng-land. it was time loll; me tostart earning my own v I18
then something evidentlyhappened Within a levv weeks
I hac dropped ail my politicalfriends and had beéluncw fre-uent unet one at e ermanEmbassy I ioinedthe Angio-Gerrnan Fellowship. and did
much o_i the leg-work involvedin an abortive attempt to start., =| f_ _ ~... _..;.¢.:.,_~, t _ ~ , y, L; 4 . . ._ .1 " I 'i , u.. .
4 .'. "~-t_-1
J F 5 | .t s I |. ' . 92-, I
' - ¢ -- II-I i -- I
fl-iv , +'| i k_._ .1. '1. .
! , " allI ii I
it l _. ,
.5 |I ~ _, 1 t.; -92 II 1 ,_._-_.i.. t i-I 1 .. i l , I-._ _ u
, V. .s_ , -_-_ .- . _i. . i rt - j"_'.l ~ L _92lf F ; _~_.'i ill __ _ _r"'-' -.' .-..."92. "92.".Y<92' '-.~. .11 ' "-' -l i' ' .. i -"'+1. . _ :___,|l ii p I ,p__ , t I. i . . _ ,. .,_ It t 1 ._ s
were in progress. 1 paid severalvisits to Berlin lor tallts with
the Propaganca Ministry andthe Dienststeile Rlbbentrotl 1 .
No one has so tar suggested
that I had switched iron! Com-
munism to Nazism The simpler.
and true explanation'is that
overt and covert links between
Britain and Germany at that
time were oi serious concern to
the Soviet. Government.Ii A
The
during
Berlin
hoopSpanish war broire out
one oi my visits to
The Nazis were cock-a-
and it was not until I
returned to England that I
learned that General Franco
had not.tal:en over the wholecountry but that a long civilwar was in prospect - -
My next assicnment was to
Fascist - owupled ts-rriiorv in
Soalri with the aim of bedding
clown there as close to the
cent-re or things as possible. on
s long-term baris. That mission
was successful For within a iew
weeks I became the accredited
correspondent of The -Times
with Franco: tort-es. and served
as such throughout the whole
heart-breaking war
Again_ no one has suggested
that this made me a Fahnili-ta
The simpler explanation still
hoii-is the eld ' I was there onSoviet -ervlr-e- - -
Ln August i939. when the
war clouds were oilinu up fast
over Dnnzie The Times told
me to forget Spain and hold
mltseli in readiness tor attach-
ment to any British force that
might be sent to the WesternFront - -
it was as good as i could have
expected in the circumstances
Any war correspondent with an
inquiring mind could smas a
huge amount of information
which censorship would _ notallow him to gublish. am my- J |l_,
" ~'*:-t*i-_.. __. . I '._- '.__ vi.e
_-.,l.._.- . ',-.92
> i
-92I, I " L Q I.. '-' Q '5' J '. r ._i-< ., -
. ..I_ ..-it ''1' ' -"W ~_ . ,.-.-, rt. . ,1 - . -i_.'. , - ' l. -i r 2 -; --'-;-'--..t.~.-92.. .i_ci_ v '~r-ii. i. I .. I ;"Lt" ' "-' -' . ~'.v.;I ' . ' " ""r- in 'e".. " '.7."i'J'-.-" ,r. ~ -"i'._
L: Ft "- Io . I I '- .*-I . J , .-e .»"i.¢*~i't "92.t '.?-'55:.-i H "'i *-x'?[*"'i*° si*stl':§.'ii.='~l=.i:.-v;-t.~:=I-1--.v er" -J-~=-- 4~~"~»-=>- ;""~""T JQJT. i. - y
or the capital. not only
obvious purpose or philo
But. good as it was. ti-
post was not good enou
I had been told in
terms by my Sovietthat my first priority t
the British secret servic-
the Press corps lei; to:
in early October I orlew hints here arid th-
that I cou.d then do
back and wait .
i
ll Willis l HIE 8ill'i1Hi¬l'
to the b-est of mil kl.
that i first made cont
the British Secret Serv
.se1Vice was a subject '
interested rne for son
In Nazi Germany andSpain. l had hair ext
approach.was condent thatrecognise my] man thehe made is first
soundings. He would
and bro zed. oi coursi
91.11992; .and. most p-'= accents I
clipped mind. He tvou.
to stick my neck outcountry and frown au
I men loned Dayn
inousta ch e
. But no. nothing mil
{Tris approach rim:
in the Iorm of tr pilot
The Times inquiringwas available for " trot
Soon afterward-.
mvseli in the iorecou
St Erniins Hotel..la_mess Pa.rit station. '
Miss Marlorle Manse.
an intensely liireabli
lady tthen almost asam now» I had no -
as I have no idea non-
precise position in Flt
wasBut she SPORE withand was ev dently in i
at least iolrecommen
-14- .~ I
ian»iwhoureal1y'cares titoiiti
iwhich sliodvi/is clothes that
not way out. For what to
our age . . . for art, design,' . .
lavish production, superb
a passporttoi af big, new,
ldited by Ailsa Garland '
"1 *7 '??..i . .-.-
F T ll f
_ i- i
i.~. i i.
.
92 .Another train of_ tho" ht soon
claimed mi atten-_tion. l'he ciisewas of such delicacy that the
Chief had insisted on l'i.V hand-iinlidit myself. But iince thedec one had been taken in
London all action would devolve
on our people in Istanbul. Iti
would be impossible for me. with
slow has communications, to
direct their d.ay~to-day. hour-to
hour actions. The case would
escape my control with unpre-
dictable results.
The more I thought. the more
convinced I became that I
should so to Istanbul myselfto implement. the course of
action that I was to recommend
to the Chief. The action itself
required little thought.
That evening f worked late.
The situation seemed to call for
i urgent action of an extra-curricular nature.
Next mornln at mv meetinwith the Chle I reported the?
alihouirh we had several Vollrovson die. none of them
matched our man in Lstanbul.
I repeated my view that the
case was of zreat potential im-
Dortanioe. Dwelling on thedelays involved in communi-
cations bv baa. I recom-
mended. rather aiinden-tl_v. that
somebody J7 briefed shouldbe sent o from London totake cllarit f the case on the
soot. Ju.~l'w-hat i was think-
ing myself," replied the Chief.
But, having raised my hopes,he promptly dashed them. The
Bi.°.."°il..~.°""iii~i" "..."° M, . ° Ra er asRoberta in olubland. Robgrts
was then bead _ of Security
Inteliiitence Middle ,East!.M.I.5s regional organisation. based on Cairo. He was enjoy-
ilnit the fair-end of a spell of
,home leave. The Chief had
ibcen well impressed by mm,land his intention. so he told. me. was to Ilslt Sir David Petrle,
.the head of M15. to send
; Roberts straight out to Istanbul
ito taite charrre of the Voikovcii-se.
I could find l2I01.fliI!R to sayalnsir the proposal -"He hade the paper qualifications forthe task on hand. _ He was a
senior officer: his bri|zadier's
uniform would doubtless
imoress Volsov. Above all. he
sooke uent Russian-an
unassallablv strona point in hisfavour K -
., i ..1-.
iburinit the lunch interval. I
railed airalnst the wretched
luck that had broui-rhi. the
Chief'al'id Roberts totfetiher the
Drevlous evening. There seemed
inothioa that ._I could-do. sus-Dohsefui 8-I it would be. I lust
had to sit back and let events
take their course: honina that
mv work the nilzht, before would
bear fruit before Roberts trot
his teeth into the case.
But on return to my office I
found a sur.~.rr.ons fr% the
Chief awaitinir me He looked
thoroturhlv disconcerted and l
found luck had veered in mv
favour attain.
Roberts. it appeared. though
doubtless as lion-heart-ed as the
next man. had an unconquerable
distaste for ying and was plan-
nlriiz to no by b-oat. Nothing thatthe Chief could say would inducehim to change hs plans
I had originally hoped that 1
could so manoeuvre the discus-
sion with the Chief that he
himself would suirgest mv flvinir
to Istanbul But the Roberts
interlude spurred me to directaction. '
Bo I said that. in view of the
l:iriizadier's defection. I couldlliL'llll !l1.li;,', VUQLUV.
Ti;-lc~granhic correspondence OB
every 1' "her subject llndf U16
51111, nit many that 11111-llhave i... foo Secret. went on
lrailv as before. - _If we believed Voillovs warn-
lnit. we should have cocci-lord
that all telezraohr. "I.
dangerous. If we dlsbeli-Piftd "-
we should have instructed our
station in Istanbul to take the
necessary action without delay.
As it was. the only result of
Vo1kovs tip was to delay br twoor three weelts action on his
own behalf.
The answer obviously ll! de-en
in the psychology of wishful
thinking. Not beina an exoerlon codes and ciphers, I con.-
cludecl that it was no business
of mine to draw attention io
the zross inconsistencv of our
conduct. Anyway. there were
more immediate problems to be
considered.
It had been agreed at thewas safe on Bi'ii..~li
instructions were inLil costs any deviut
interview into such c
I was in Istanbul .<-
Volkov away to sat
he could be inter:those tguslltled for ithan that I coRe along further
that we were by
satisfied that Vollrov
provocateur.
It would be most u
therefore. if his in r
siren curl-elm be or
I-loci its authen c;
that": could do no 1 BX O 001.1 Idriven a coach-52%-fl
my fabrications Bunot an expert. andnrove ollab e.
Towards evening.
spirits were give:
boost. The pilot an
the intercom that.
92 .
Philbys book throws anInteresting sidellggtf on how,during the war, t A.'f:f.| powers
sent "spies into Britain. He was
at that time directing the work
of counter-espionage agents inspam and Portugal. He writes :
Precious few Spaniards or
Portuguese showed willingnessto stick out their necks for
Fascism. Many of those who
accepted missions did so simply
to get out of Europe or into
Britain. or both. Besides. we
held the master-key to German
intentions in regular perusal of
their signals.there emerged a v."
.-factory explanation.
Every evening on :lodging he prompt.landla y under so
destine watchers
maintained! the kit
He would then en
meal and go to bed
After a few wet
decided that t-he col
be stooped. Simoesin. SO I5 I0 leave
chance. he was ta
"toii.i.rh" interrotiriOn Ham Comm
Tommv Harris iofThe 64136 OI_EllJf¢0 Sln'ioee--leg 1005; on mm,
may be taken as "a representstive example we learnt from It E85 H
the German si nals that the¥~had recruited S¬moes in Lisbon 'for service in Enggland, Hisinstructions were Fven to himin the form of, III orodote scat-
tered about his clothing: hisCDfi;l1IIllll1iGl§1D8 Ia:-e'to be by ma y
After consultati n withit was decided toll allow him torun loose in Eng and for s bit.in Ego hone that he miaht leadus other German seems. He
was therefore urimolesled on his
arrival. and was even irlven
discreet assistance in finding
emplovment in a Luton factorv
making oarts for aircraft.
The information he mlizht
have obtained there was lust
inierrstma enouah to tempt 9.sov. with lon entailing much
danizer if anvil-lint: had slipped
back to the Germans bv mis-
take. He was iodaed with e
married couple: the husband
worlrc-d in the same factory.
Arfahements were made for his
movements to be watched andhis mall checked
* .
Within s. few days Simoes
settled down to a pattern of.
behaviour which he never sub-TITBIJL? $0f.l..'1'l Wat}! i
he did his best. He
that he was in a Br
Service Drlson: he
the reach of the lai-
sulate knew nothi
whereabouts and vifind ou-t: he mizht
for life. if he was
live: he could l
beaten. kiild. and n:
ever know.
His only hope was
confession of his es
the Germans And :
Same 9031.. with Hair
imnizination runmn;
aamut. Indeed. l.
fessed to me later l
painted such ll. bitpicture that he h.i.
[flithtcn himself.To all of this. Sim
with. mountinu
merely sayin iestziythat he was hungry .
something to eat. At
01' so. however. hedecis .ion
Calling for paper :
scratched out a t
account of his cont»
Gprrnans in Lisbr-i.his instructions. fl'l..
I
v
i
I
I
i
I.' i"C '»PHlLY= PAGE2 . '
a
I
- __ .. ~. ~, - . »~- _ --,1 - 1;-; ap 94-._g~ - tr; t th GuyriBurgess 1i'l- D¬Il' I ti it 5-.-
| I 92 Ufirst boss in the Secret
Service. -' I of. 92 _ i
J-1: >|,_.'.{ vi. .' ' ' » l -~. -.
i. ~ ' - .. . ii??? ~ t" 'X ; 'r - - - :. . .-9 - . LU,..iAnn.'ir ." . _92.. ,_ ,-
.-._. -_ ' . ..,_' - -1 ... 92.4.~; ='_i ;: A -.. .Ti _.. _ , _:r92' .r _ _-
F . '-I. 92 . ' F
became attached culled iitseit
the Secret Intelligence ServiceiS.I.B.!. It was also wide1y_
known I-s M._1.B. while to the
innocent public at large it wassimply the Secret Service. The
ease of my entrv surprised me.
only inquiry made into my past,
was it routine reference toM.I.5. who passed my name
through their records and came
buck with the laconic state-menit: N o th i ng Recordeda nst... _-our second rneeting. she turned"" Today, every newupy scandalup accompanied by Guy Burgess,whom I knew welL I was outthrouizh migdpares again. 92Encourag by Guy's presence, iI began to show o. name-'
dropping shameie-sly. as one,does at interviews. From timeto time. my interlocutors
exchanged glances: Guy wouldnod gravely and approvingly. It
turned out that I was wastinmy time. since a decision hagalready been taken.
Before we parted. Miss Mnxseinformed me that. if I agreed
I should sever my connectionwith The Times and report for_
duty to Guy Burgess at an
address in Caxton Street. in theiiamel block as the St. Er-min:ote .
So I left Printing House
square without fanfare, in a
manner wholly appropriate tothe new. secret and importantcareer for which I imagined
niysclf heading. I decided thatit was my duty to prot from the
CXDOFIQIICBS of the only SecretService man 01' my acquain-tance. So I spent the weekenddriniclnii with Gulliurgess. Onthe iolowinit onday_ I
reported to him formally. Weboth had slight headaches. -The organisation to which Iin Britain produces a urry or
judicial statements on the
subject oi "positive vetting."But in that ha pier Eden' gositive vetting haci! never beencard 0!. .
_ ,
Sometimes, rn the earlyweeks. I felt that Perhaps I hadnot made the gra. e after all Itseemed that somewhere. lurlting
in deep shadow. there must be
another service. really secret
and really powerful. capable oi
backstairs machination on such
n scale as to iustiiy theggrennial suspicions oi. say. theench. But it soon became
clear that such was not the
case. It was the death of anillusion Its passing caused menopain. .
vI
So Phiibueritered 8.1.8. thoSecret Intelligence Service!.Hie rst j_o soi training
schools for agents to be sent
into German-occupied Europe-
wera frustratingly tar from thehub of again. But that wason? the start of his career.rt September 1941. he wasl ;B urgess,THE BIGG
i-.. <
. . -'-l -. v -' s' -. ' r ' .- _
'2!
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|7ioen.»d post in Section V ofS.I.S. directing counter-erpiom
age activity in Spain and
Portugal.But his big break-through waswhen S-LS. decided to set up rtnew department. Section IX._ to-study. an combat Russian
Russian contact: were insistent
that he should try to pet him-
self trarujerred to Section IX,
ideally as its head. _____._"_; ,
'Thishe achieved by sustained
tiring-pulling and characterassassination 0&0 his entiairival a man w had n his
head in Section V!. iThe job of Section IX {nae
counter-espionage ago netRussiansortd the Russians had
their own man heading it.What II coup {or Philby. But-as he now re ates-it was at
this point that he faced the
greatest crisis of his career.
For into the British Embassy
in Istanbul walked an oicer ofthe Russian Inteiiggeme Servicewho wanted to ieci to theWest.
He told on astonished oiciuithere that he could identijgtwo traitors in the Britta
Foreign Oice, and one in a
counter-espionage unit in
Britqin.
"In other words, Burgess,Mociean. and Philby were all 01:the brink of being named. _
Hod this man: mlormationbeen urgnilu acted upon, theBurgess- dciettn nttir wouldhave been resolved long beloreit assumed its mri_b1zarre pro-portions. Ami Fhtlbty himselfwould have met a trai or; death,But who was the stage-catcherassigned to probe this factor:ll re ~.--r ~ . '~ .55» .. -
es ionage%3Bioitj!."=r92='- '? .*.rir92'*-'-r-it--+s:~--.§ghilby record: that hie-1
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squeak
scarcely .
desk on:
[as heat
dedlinp
espionage
when I rt
from th
Stewart Ii.
across a!
papers ar.
them thr- The l-oi,letter to t ".
Knox I-lei:
the Britisi
It~d.rew at
merits ant
tious. The
number oi
gassed he:ritlsh Em
General. fr
ing story _eA certriii
n vice-con
Soviet Co-
Istanbul. h
Page. his
the Briiisl
and asked 1
for himself
He Olnii
nominally 3
in fact an r
He said th
deplorablyPaste rem
himself w;
steady.
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asylum. Volltov £1-unused toreveal details oi e ]'.iE. Iqll._:1&F-ters of the NK.V.D., in w ch
many years. He also oereddeta ls.of Soviet networks and
8.§ents,OpBrBtlng abroad. . .3; '-_,-R-..x_ kpparently he had worked ior
W
T9 be Inter slla. he claimed to known}
ll I the. real names of three Soviet
lr
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lagents working in Britain.Two of them were in the Foreign
,Oll'ice; one was head oi n
counter-espionage organisationLn London. Having deliveredimseii of his shoplplng list. hestipulated with e greatest
ve emence that no mention oi
his proach should be relayedto don by telegram. on theBron that the ussians had
broken variety _ of British,cyphern -
The em had res tedVolkov's stipuYation andpechadsent the Pa.pen92home sccurel .but slow y. by bag. Thus it
was well over A. week after
Vollrov's approach to Page thatthe material was examined by
anyone competent to assess itsimportance.
That anyone was myself:
and the reader will not re roachme with boasting when lpciaim
that I was indeed competent to
assess the importance of the.material.
Two Soviet agents in the
Foreign Otfice, one head oi nQ0tl1Ii8F-Cdptdftg . organisationin l.'.ondcm.I'- stared at the
papers rather longer than neces-
sary to compose myythoughts.I rejected the ides oi suimesomg caution in case vo ov's
approach should prove to be 9,
provocation it would be uselessin the short run. and mightpossibly compromise me at. saterdate. - - ._
The nly course was to put 1.., Jr,rue susosv lxrness_ coupon Barge H- 3 "
Philby upper leftl as a wartcorrespondent . In the Yemen, 1962
bold face on it. I told the Chief
that I thought we were on to
something oi the I:-eatest
importance. 6;I would like a little time todig into the backrground and. in
the light of any urther inform-ation on the subject. to maizegrpaprogriate recommendations.e hie! acquiesced. instruct-
ing me to report rst thingnext lIl01ll1¬ l.'ld. in the mean-while t/0 ee the Papersstrictly to inyse .
" I took the papers back to my
otllce. telling my secretary thatI was not to-be disturbed. unless
the Chief hlmsel! called. I very
much wanted to be alone.
My request for a little time
to dig into the background "
had been eyewash. I was pretty
certain that we bad never
heard of Vollrov: and he.presumably to enhance his valueo us. had framed his shoppinglist in such vaue terms hatnecessary clearances had been
obtained.
With obvious relief. the Chief
agreed. Together we went to
the Foreign Oice. where I was
iven a. letter to present toEnox Helm. asking him to giveme all reasonable facilities for
the fullment of my mission.
My only_ other call was on
General Hill. the head of ourCodin% Section. He 5l.lPD1lBdme wi h my own persona one-time cigl_'ier_pads. and lent meone of is girls to refresh me in
their 1156.This caused n little extra
delay not altogether un-
welcome. since it gave me moretime to adljust may th0921il1'I$$ $0action in stnnb . Three full
days elapsed between the arrivalof the Istanbul pagersin Broad-way and the ta e-off of in!
aeroplane bound for Cairo en
route for Istanbul. .Foreign Olfloo -that I should use
Page for the purpose or re
establishing contact with Volkov
and s.i-ranging s rendezvous
To the latter I would be
accompanied by John Reed. a
First Secretory oi the Embassy.who had earlier served in
Moscow and passed one of the
Foreign Office exams in Russian.
These arrangements were madesubgeot to the approval oi theam assador. Sir aurlce Peter-
son. whom I knew irom sD3Til.~i'l
days; but the Foreign Otoe
warned me in pressing terms toai:iJti'OB-Ch Helm. the Minister.s .
Helm, it appeared. had begun
llie in the Consular Service. and
was still touchy about matters
of status and protocol. I did
not anticipate much ditilculty
from Helm. in which I was not
altogether right. The crux oi
my problem it seemed to me,was the interview between
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' ".__.. .iubiect_ to improved Q »!-weathe. conditions. we wouldy on. to Cairo via Malta next 1"da . Another 2|. hours! _H,v
. , ;. ...?
eon the afternoon or theloll-owing day. -we arrived atlast in airo. too late to catch'ie;onward plane tor Istanbul.o it was not until the dc;otter that. a Friday, that
reached my destina-tlon.t-I was met at the i1?0.i1 byOyril MB6l1i'.{E:h0 hea oi ourIstanbul stat _ whom I hadto brie! on the nature ct my
mission Buch were therelations between the Foreignservice and 8.1.8. Ln those daysthat nobody on the embaailor$e consulate-general adought oi _consui.ting him
about Volkov. s .3 We called together matafternoon on Knox Helm. to,a 1 ' ',n V! U 1whom 1 presented the letter " | '- - 7 5% .;'¢irom the Foreign Oiilce. But i -' 7' iii-i1 I exnected enthusiastic suo- - - J.nort ior our plans.-I was soon; -V _Some years later. alter Helm '
liad got his embassy, in Buda-ggst a colleague told me thatwas the most helniul andunderstanding oi! l.l11b8$s5dOi5.But when I saw him. he was
etili only a Minister. and asnriclclv as a. thorn-bush. He
demurred stubbornly. Our sua-I .i,i.11"=»..I . 1 -1,.-~.:j ;' -5 -; -
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The Foreign Omce had agproved -everything. and i had rought
Helm a letter asking him to
oer all reasonable tacilities.. .3» ~ -1 .
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-=_._The last excuse tor-delay had lie would surely have to consultiat e ambassador betnre I went
anv turtner. He asked me tocall on him next morninl an-
other dav wasted!.
When I called on Helm nextmorning he looked at me accus-lngly : You never told me thatyou knew the ambassador I "
Alter that our conversation
scarcely got oft the ground. butgathered from i-ie1ms manner
hat there were also reservations
Pctersons mind
- Rather grudgingly he wid me
that the ambassador wanted me
to spend the iollowing day.Sunday, with him on the yachtMakouk. It would out oi?! trom
the Kabatash landing stage at
ii a.rn. Meanwhile. I was to donothing. So the whole weekendwas shot. . -
" Most visitors to Istanbul know
the Makouk. the ambassadonalgiant, oriizinally built for Abbasilml of at. it was a iariieat-bottom vessel. well suited
to the smooth waters oi theNile. but it rolled somewhat in
the swell of Marinara.
~ There were several otherguests on board. and it was notuntil alter lunch that 1 couldtalk to Peterson in conditions oi
reasonable Privacvj.As he di not real; the ice.
I did so myself. remarking that
I had beard that he bad someobiections.to the oians i hadbrought with me ii-om London.
What Diana? he askedaquestion that gave me another" sidelight on Helm. He listened_:one_..- r __ __ . l . I
That evening. Machray and I
discussed the olan ot campaign
in detaiL We exchanged several
ideas ior spiriting Voilrov away.
some involving Turkish co-ooera»tion some not. - -
It seemed clear that we couldnot decide dE1'iIlli.8l{ which wasthe best plan tin ii we had
spoken to Volirov himseli. Muchmight depend on his own
position and his oarticular cir-
curnstarices--his hours oi work
the degree oi ireedom oi move-
ment he enjoyed. etc.The rst sten was to establishcontact with him. and clearly
our best instrument was Page.
oi the consulate-general, whom
Voiitov had aooroaclied in the
rst olace.
Next morning. accordingly,Machray invited Page to comeover to his oiiice. and I
explained to him as much as heneeded to know. namely. that i
would like him t0 mate an-N."aoifointment .tor me to see.Vo ltov some time that after-
noon in conditions of llreatestsecrecy. I did not want a
morning annointment. because Ineeded time to brie! John Reed
on the lines already described.!
We discussed several oollilbleplaces tor the meeting. butopted nally tor the simolest.Page said that he irequentlv
had routine consular business
with Volkov. it would be ner-iectiy normal practice tor him- - w -. . ..; '-"
cold: Phllby,.and .. .. 3'--i '. _-l -.1-. at .- - . - -. .1.
Melinda Maclean - -. . 4
. In Moscow. .
_ iv-.' " i-s~
nothing to me. But Paces race
was a study in. Duzzlement,tellinz me that a hitch had
develooed.When he put the receiver
down he shook his head at me.- H 't v " 1 1-I d. e can come as e
that's iunny." It's a greatdeal funnier than you think."Page answered. " asked {or
Voikou and u man came on
saying he was Voik-on. But itwash: Voikov. I know Voikoifs
voice nerjcctly well. _I've spokento him dozens of times.
Page tried again. but this timegot no further than the tele-phone DQ811901. She said he
was out. said Page indlgnantly. A minute ago she but me onto him I "
' We looked at each other. but
none oi us could rind a con-
structive idea. l nally suggested
that there might be some ap
on at the Soviet Consulate-General. and that we had better
try again the following day in
hopes oi better iuclr. I began to
feel strongly that. somewherealong the line. somethingdecisive had happened. l whiled
away the afternoon e'i'i£YiJhPiiilRa. brie-i report to the Chief.
Next morning, we met again.
Machray. Page and myself. and.- ._ --*3; ,-,:I;;-j.";i'3»a -.
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tosoow: Then
rt oi scuttle and
line went dead.
ale, I was prett!
mew what had
..-use was dead.
»us to clinch the
only to make my
hie! look better.
' ' ?~l,g"7'?1:
I-5K0d'IPEEU t0. desperate eort.=1 ,oal11na_¢at* the.-i . -and ,-_ Iiltiilr1
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'>od|"¢ood "he?
can't gthat mad use.card 0! Voitpv I "
and 1 eat-down
telqram1B8
O0
and turnJII rouéhed out a report which 1
would present to the Chief. des-
cribing in detail the failure of
my mission. Necessarily, it
contained my theory of Volkov'sdisappearance. The emence of
the theory was that vo1kovs
own insistence on bag communi-
cations had brought about hisdownfall.Nearly three weeks had elaipsedsince his rst approach to age
before we rst tried to contact
him. During that time the
Russians had ample chances otletting on to him. -
Doubtless both his otilce and
his living quarters were bugged.Both he and his wlte were
away; perhaps he had $01;drunk and talked too muc ;n - n hd 11 el-iT{~]§1iZei_$h. cables °,& iiu=0 wave» ', "
.92; OI course, 1 admitted, this* was dt!tei?tnedbottom 0 ~ the reuorted to be nervous. Perhaps W td. his 111-linner had given him
was all speculation; the truthmight never be known. . -
as um I eea gped o -aAr_st_?ther'-mt:begr3lHtut tbs
about Volkouts u to the
~ British-had no solid evidence- = 1.-...i_to ,1unmrtIt' i it -mat. not." °"- °-1% ". _ _'ti 1"° -"-'"i 'i--'!"i i"'.'_"°'.i. '1.= wiry. 92.I!?_:_%;,,_; inf-.:_. . *. $1; ;..1_No part oi the VolkmIncident as described by Philalkyhas been oilicialiy dentthough the Foreign omee and
M.l.5 obtained copies of the
memoirs weeks I-:0. S0 it seemsto qualify an the worst-knownexample oi bunglinf ineptitudeover security, par icularly byboth branches of the Foreign
0liicethe diplomatic slait and
the Secret intelligence Service.
There are two features oi the
ease which suggest that Phiiby
has not been allowed by hla
Russian mastera_ to" tell} the
whole story :|- :11. -5'2.
If Volkov knewptb-ere too: oRussian ' spy -in --T u seniorcounter-espionage pol t * ' in
London he must Mos realised
that he risked hie own exposureby that my when he oiered todelect, to 'the~j Britta - Why
didn't he 0 to theiamertcan-IAn t:tor:b1LY_tn-stead!-" - ' *
" Secondly, '"Philb ' mates ' Itclear that on the ti,rst nlgt thenews oi Volbov reached ndon
ihevcontaeted his Soviet any-
_master. who must have Immedi-
ately alerted the - Intelligence
Centre in Moscow. With such
information. the centre wouldillltill . contact the SovietJlibllly In Istanbul andnun"; .1. .!Y'I!'In92.1:l-. .1.--, I?-,. ..lune a t0_uchy busineaa._ -L
1 , * 1 1
1Britain's leading '1 .-
commentator on '_ .', ;'1 security atfalrev i 92¢ ..
spinning out the time before his
attempt lo s_ee Volkov ?_ ' "
The reaction oi the Brillan
diplomats to Philbyfe arrival lat pical oi the friction betweenthe diplomatic-and espionagebranches of the Foreign Olfioe.
But dealing with a detector
from what was then an ally-.
the incident happened In l945_ _i"'92_"' .
I do not believe lhilby'a
claim that be became an
accredited member oi the Soviet
llcllixence Service" in his
early twenties. Nor do any of
the security oiiicials with whom
_l have discussed. Pbiibfacareer. ' .
The Russian inteilltence Ser-
vice does not operate that way.
It is much more likely that
Phllb! was recniiied by a
British Communist talent-scout
as a potential agent when he
was at Cambridze University or
.!.2an. .a!Lsr§ersi!- . lint. l hisa
was then called, is uphave . haogened untiljoined the ritish Secreance Service-also ii1.6. . -
_ Phliby conrms theoicial bcllei that he
penetrate the Secret Ini
Service as the resul
deliberate long-term pl
was pure chance thanwas invited to join M.being a tore gn m
'correspondenta. comm-
ot entry during the wan
The most revealingtlon la lhilby'a atitlenv
he met his Russian S|J_92'
in the "remoter open s
London." These we
doubt-cdly men pm
Soviet Embassy dlplmn
Case alter case hits
lhitt ll eiery ll:
diplomat were shad:their British counlernar
Moscow-they would ex
read to almost every up
country. But M.l.5--the
espionage service--can:
because the Soviet Ernb;ls solbig. There _ e7rcurrent Leniion Diom.M.I.5 ha repeaiedl;
the Government to Ii
number oi Russian dipl=
. Y . an-,
it .ml as
t1
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Tthe March ;_-
from where
' skin-divers
boat _sh swim
QE Bi ESQ
pieces whrecan »_dante call
CED.
D1800 or ex-! you stay at
modern coast115.ll! also the E
like Herzlia and
take
coast
sit/ed
placebus
eeen at
heights of
can take the
45 miles away. tor Bs.
or make a coach trill to
and Galilee, a guided
cmts juer, over £3.
travel on
use low-
eervicee orcar tor Justa da! Diue '7 . a
is be. 10d. a gallon!the COl.l1'lI-1'l]Si iQ onthe Ho! landeication, solitude;
. There are colourful old forteand temples. lush green valleye.
orange and lemon aroves and
great pine Iorests. vast millingplains and majestic mountainsand by the sea stretches oi sandwhere even in the height of the
season you can nd solitude.smeme V
You can fish from theMediterranean shore and fromrowing boats on the Alexanderriver near Nathanva where youwill be charged a rental ot about30s. for a hail-day.
1n the Holy Land itself Ifound the Israelis determined to
eneure that the shrines of1'
Christian and Moeiem alike
retain their old atmosphere and
are not harmed. The air inJerusalem was lled with sing-ing and chanting from theWailing Wall. The bells of thechurch In the Garden of
Gethsemane rang out amidthe trees and the sun glowed onthe ma icent Mosiern Domeor the . ,
I visited the Holy Benulchre
and passed from its softly litinterior into three miles or
garish. noisy bazaar, streetswhere you can lrmy all the sweet-meata and jewellery oi the East.
I climbed Mount Scopua. tora gpiendnd view or the city and
law domes and palaces rising . lib. l92lV92J9292l IQHHIZLt 0 .
v-ISRAEL
The golden undo of
lhthanyn, where the Medl-
terranean sweeps gently ll.
i° tAwggellgnd i»' °T1°§ldl§'§'. ot new ern - u ~rusaiem st-andlnf out in ah-upcontrast. And coking away
over the rolling hills I could see
the waters or the Dead Bea andin the tar distance the Ireet
mountains of Moab,
In the trotto at BethlehemFranciscan monks were holdinga service by the light of icker-inlr candles. and the ShE;1'R':l'd-5'Fields were gfacetui an er thesun. From h on the zreenhillside overloogking Nazareth Iheard bells ring out tor eveningservice. .
- i cnsrmt ms > '
But 'nothing 1 saw ta theHoly Land made a deeoerImpression on me than the Seaoi Galilee. surely one oi theloveliest places on earth. Fromape pretty little resort ofiberias set amid palm trees 'I tool: a 12s. 6d. motor-boat trip
across the calm waters to themouth ot the River JordanFishermen were casein theirnets as they did in St. e1-er'sday. and alter the sun had slidbehind the green hills they littiny paraiiln ares. making thewaters -alive with lckerinzlishta It was an enohantinillight.For further Information opp?to: Israel Tourist Oglce, 5 ,St. James Street, Lo n, W1.
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wool tweed!
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lliandwovene .mr..........;................ Tweed_ '_ an win Lwecd. Yong éhriil to 1u '_._1 liltll do url inspire y the be-aut'f I sh d where this adlneand loveliest oi'_rweed| is tkiliauly pureg ' ' new I001 in cottages deep in the heart of romantic Donegal.-' It fashion; superbly and lungs correctly. Every piece bears. the_> Elihu Domini. d Mark. Look for the Mark on the reverse_ lino at use cloth or ciznktlho joint label with the Wooirnark in thet ow ' ' ' D II-.-.."" "-.....».. * "la... .....>:":.::.;".:'::.*. = ""° W
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i BRILLIANT dragonies -darted overhead
demperature headed into the 80's. A few 3
I I iazed on the warm rocks fringing the Rt
were breakin surface. Children in a gitlaughed in djight as
around a coral reef. '
All around me tanned
families were soaking up
the sun. The scene could
-nave"lreeu*'rriore're1ax-
ing. peacetu1,'a.nd normal.
i Yet the sunbathers I had
l joined at Ellat were
Israelis - and the Jer-
danian town oi Aqaba
~ lay shimmering in the
haze across the bay,
beyond a border only a.
Iew minutes wall: along
the beach.
It was hard to believe
that one could lie so peace-
tully on the beach at Eilat
the Israeli Red Bea port
at the head or the Gui! oi
Aqaba. the target or the
Egyptian blockade which
had sparked oil the bitter
Six Days War only last
June
But tor me it symbolism
Israel today-a. country which
has out the war behind it tobecome once again a lasclnatingplace for tourists to visit.
And tor those who yearn forlittle more than really hot mn-
shlne-with the temperature
zooming well over 100 by July-
Eilat itself is once again anideal holiday spot. It has asmall amount o night lire ande beach chalet wit tull board
at In adjoining restaurant costs
no more than £2- 10s. it day.
But to millions all over the
worlclis the rasinagiontgt an rae 0 ay es n e
H01! Lend. And the centre ct
the Heir I-and is the cit? 01
Jerusalem winch. it the Israelis
have their way. will never again
be s city divided by the Mandel
baum Gale between themselvesand Jordan
Tod all J 1,; inIS1'l¬ila{l8.lJ¢d-5 nil ll chooseif-l STERLING AREA
= I'll-5816111
to stay -_1n east Jetviilifey tva tched multi-or
_by- LEWIS. _ W _ ' -.- K -,-... . ... -_ ._., » _..*- ' ' v
tor anything further unt;
dinner.
Only in London and the mot
sophisticated continental cine
have I iound a greater varietoi cuisine. *
With immigrants from llcountries in the catering tradlthe possibilities are en essi
you want a special meal out you
can eat anything lrom Hun~Earian goulasn and Yemenebabs to chop-auey. A lzooc
tnree~course meal with eotree or
beer costs as little as 12$. EdThe meal I most erkigyed wassuperb value ior 19s. includ-inia service and ooee. In alit e tamilgereataurant in theBtreet of n Yehudi; in Tel
Avlv I was served with crepla eh-a kind or ravioli in consominrr:
gefillte sh. chopped cam mixedwith eggs and meal and boiled
in an onion sauce : spicy meal-
balls served with sweet and sourcabbagle; and fruit compote.Wit the meal I ate tiny
pickled cucumbers and mazzot
--unieavened bread.
Tel Aviv. a city or skyscrapers.
sophisticated shops Ind a wide
choice of night life. is the ideal
centre for entertainment. Lead-
ing night clubs charge as much
as 30.5. for your rst drink. but
prices are cut DY two-thirds in
92:_'§¢ .J 1-,.
iPhilby book [
tops the list L
The _Sunday Times book on
Phllby 15 now the clear Number
One on the main best-seller lists.
According to the Evening
Standard, it is the top seller in
London for the second week run-
ig. and it has risen to rst
place in the national I-ists pub-
lished this week-end by Smith:
Trade News and by the Sunday
Times Pass 5%. .
The nook, "Philby, The Spy
who betrayed a Generation," by
Bruce Page, David Leitch and
Phillip Knightiey. is published by
Adfé DE92.llS¬l92 at If grgw
out of the revelations in a Sunday
Times series last autumn, but
contains much new material. It
avoided use of information from
Communist sources and fro
Phllby himself, as this W3
nor niE"|r"'
no -M :8 1958 _
_a_____ --an-I -r-1» ¢---' L0 I? cféjegarded as suspect. e
I_._.i._,_H___,_,_i __ nrtnzncorvsriu ,¢_ -- .~
' BYLETTER e/,1,-/,..
PER will REQUEST
/_/T éj;'// ' lTolson _...._--i--o- o Fla 1 21 61> /_ Del_.ooch .._--
Mohr ...._._-----»
i Bishop...----
Casper ._---e
Callahan -_---
Conrad
Felt
Gale ..._------
Ftosen .._-----
Sulllvan .-i--
Tavel _------
Trotter ._---
Tole! Boom _-_-
Holmes __-----
Gandy ____i--
Ol k/I'&"1 I! A
L=,=
ii
The Washington Past
Times Herald
The Washington Daily News ____-_
The Evening Star Washington! _._
The Sunday Star Washington! .___
Daily News New Yfkl
Sunday News New York! i.--_
Ngw York PO51
The New York Times __i----
The Sun Baltimore! _.__-_-_--
The Worker
The New Leader
The Wall Street journal
The National Observer __.___._ilr i _ 1 / , Q People's World I l If In ' /L 1 I Date --'?"/ 7
.».. 3,/' ' i.-;>'-rmo/:7 77/¢'*=>>'
r »._~'~'.§ 1? /- 4/
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<>
i
r{' ,4/I-
' While ferving étsovie
,spy, Harold Kim! Philby sa
on cy omrnitte
in Washington which planne
-and executed joint British-
American clandestine intell-
gence missions in Albania and
the Ukraine.- W i
Philby represented British
,Inteili_g_ence on the Commit-
tee. The other members he
identifies as Robert Joyce,
representing the State Depart-
fment; Frank Lindsay oi the
Central Intelligence Agency,
and Earl Jellicoe, from the
British Embassy. Joyce is now
retired and lives in Greece.
Philby reveals this in his
memoirs "My Silent War," re-
leased today .by Grove Press
in New York.
The clandestine operation in
Albania, he contends, took
place in 1949, and involved the
landing "of a small party" in
Albania "to detach it . . . from
the socialist bloc." He de-
scribes the operation as futile
from the beginning."
CIA In Silent
The operations in the
Ukraine took place from 1949
to'1951, Philby writes, and in-
volved six British parachute
drops and "some" CIA cour-
iers. -
"I do'not know what hap-
pened to the parties con-
cerned," Philby writes, "hut I
can make an informed guess."
The CIA esterday had nocomment. ' '
MY Silent War" will be
"must" reading in both thetilt and the Federal Bureau
of Investigation, not only for
its description of clandestine
operations but also for its inti-r
in Washington he served as
British Intelligence liaison of-
icer with both the CIA and
he FBI. -
He identities his chlet con-
tacts in the CIA as James An-.
gleton and William J. Howard.
O! Angieton, he says, We_
formed the habit of lunching
once a week at Harvey: . . .
He was one of the thinnest
men I have ever met, and one
of the biggest eaters. Lucky
Jim!" ' - .
A Gentle Snore = _
I-le describes meeting Angle-
ton "for a pleasant hour in a
bar," just after he had been
ordered home to London as a
suspected spy. The CIA offi-
cial "did not seem to appreci-
ate the gravity of my personal
position," Philby says.
Philby describes Howard as
falling asleep at dinner at his
house one night and snoring
gently until midnight when
his wife took him away.", He
adds that Howard "cooperated
lwell . . . in the construction of
ithe famous Berlin tunnel.
l_Phiiby says he once askedtar A nl |- 1 lirin:n' I-lam.-pr urn-1 ua us.-.92,i.G. an I.--5... -._...-..-
what he really thought" ofsenate Joseph R. McCarthy.ie quotes Hoover as replying:
Well, I often meet Joe at the
race track, but he has never
given me a winner yet." <
ii Philby says that the expul-
sion of British diplomat-spy
Guy Burgess from Washington
in 195Iostensibly tor a
ing his diplomatic status--vlf
iall part oi a Cornmunist1mn-spiracy. 1°!
The Communists needed
to warn fellow dipo
Donald Maclean 'ot8
"T_ 92mate personal descriptions ofBur es he chase antia encies.
l_____ _ _____ _____,'Fhilby Telisof His Spy H516 '.
Heie1mrB00l< ReleasedrT0day
his imminent arrest and to
take charge of Maclean's_ res-
cue," Philby writes.
Ingenious and Simple , ' I
The scheme was ingenious
and simple, although it. re-
quired the unwitting coopera-
tion of Virginia Gov. John S.
Oliver Franks and Secretary
gess was simply told to go out
and get arrested three times
ill one day for drunk and reck-
less driving in Virginia, Philby
protesting to the British Em
bassy, and Ambassador Franks
iohligcd by sending Burgess
back to London pronto, Philby
says.
Once in London, Burgess
tipped off Maciean that
British intelligence was
aware of_ his spying for the
Soviets, and both shortly flew
the coop to Moscow, Philby
writes.
*
i
92i '.Yql " _-.
W s
_ RECORDED
AR 19 1368 ii
back in Lon#_r_i_ -_.-__---W-_:| _-noBattle, British Ambassador Sir
of State Dean Acheson. Bur-.0-I9 insv. 1-1.7-on / ----~-- ------~~ --_ 92 _/" DeL.ooch _.._____i,» t Mohr _.___.____
r , _ -
Q
A.
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Casper
Callahan
Conrad
Felt
Gale
Fiosen
Sullivan
Tovei
Trotter
Teie. Room _...__._
Holmes
Gondy
, _ Associated Pres!
' i paanonn rnrus!
'1 . .-writes ot ap7.roie '
isays. _ DEL [TEBurgess did. Battle obliged D COPY SFNT ,1 {_'. -[1-r
by protesting vehemently to BY Ln-I-E .the State Department. The Q Q/1 -/1*,State Department oblied IJHIER {QM Q¬u['Er .I ' a JThe Washington Post 9
Times Herald _ _
The Washington Daily News _..__._
The Evening Star Washington!
Sunday News New York!
New York Post
The New York Times
The Sun B aitimote!
The New Leader
The Wall Street joumai
The National Observer
People's World
D has 1 1993in
.'-on
The Sunday Star Washington! i
Daily News New York! _._.___...__-_
, '.Thc Worker ____,__._._____i_,r__.__.
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' . -, Conrad __._.._i} ._ _ Felt;, II Gale, ', 92 I K0 Rosen7 1 ' 92' Sulliva II -..__92 Tavel DELEIED COPY SENTA c ?v'*E.'*.??.E'§ '.[.;;;_°} f-SmBY LETTER -w92__» '? AN " Holmes -
PER HAA REQUESI _ G°"dY1313A HFR .~- PHILBY 3/34 NxADV FOR 6:30 P.N. EsT é MARCH 17
NEH YORK UPI!rKIM PHILBY THE BRITISH s0vIET SPY WHO HAs GIVENPOLITICAL ASYLUM rNNosEDwTTN*1sG:, DECLARED suNDAY HE HAD NEVERBEEN A DOUBLE AGENT BUT HAD WORKED FOR 3o YEARS As "A STRAIGHTPENETRATION AGENT HDHHING IN THE sovIET INTEHEET."IN A SHORT BIOGRAPHY MY sILENT WAR '.SOON To BE PUBLISHEDBY GROVE PRESS PHILBY GIvEs EvIDENcE 0% BEING IRRITATED DY NHITERENHD HAVE DEscHiHED HIN As EDTH A DOUBLE AND TRIPLE AGENT. HRTTINGEADN Noscow HE sAID Hxs LONG coNNEGTIoN NITH THE BRITISH sEcHETINTELLIGENCE SERVICE SIS! MUST BE sEEN "AGAINST NY PRIOR TDTALGDHNITHENT To THE SOVIET UNION NHIGH I REGARDED THEN, As I DO NGL As THE INNER FORTRESS or THE NDELD MOVEMENT. I PHILBY THE THIRD NAN IN THE sENsATIoNAL EuAGEss-NAGLEAN SPY cAsE= DE 1951 SERVED As TOP SIS OFFICER IN NAEHINGTDN THDN 19As To 1951AND NDAHED IN LIAIsoN HITH THE CENTRAL INTELLIGENGE AGENGY CIA!, AND FBI. HE DEsGEIEED EDHNEA GIA CHIEF ALLEN DuLLEs, NHD HAs DEENGALLED PHILBY "THE BEST SPY THE sovIETs EVER HAD " As so1 -"BUHBLING" THAT HE NAs LATER Puz2LED BY PEEEIDENT HENNEDY'sL MISTAKE IN TAKING DULLES' ADvIcE oN THE BAY or PIGS INvAsIoN OFN GDDA. As FOR HIS ALN0sT DAILY coNTAGTs HITH THE FBI'S J. EDGARHoovEA, PHILBY SAID:"IF THERE NAs EVER A BUBBLE REPUTATION, IT IS HoovEH's."I PHILDY NoTEs THAT HOOVER HAs DNAELE To GATGH MACLEAN§ EuHGEss,COL. RUDOLF IUANOVICH ADEL AND OTHER sovIET sP1Es HDENIAG IN THEI UNITED sTATEs. BECAUSE HE Is A GREAT-POLITICIAN," HoovEE sTcoD EYH HHILE THE LATE sEN. JOSEPH HGGAETHY STIRRED up A NATIGNNIDE SPY
1 FEVER BEcAusE UNDER sucH coNDITIoNs "NO coNGHEssNAN NDHLD DARE
T0 OPPOSE INCREASED APPROPRIATIONS FOR THE FBI " HE SAID., THE MASTER SPY sAID HOOVER SUFFERED THE DEGHADATIDN DE
T HAVING BRITISH SECRET AGENTs OPERATING oN u.s. SOIL IN 1sAo
A NITH THE INPLIGATIDN THAT THE FBI NAs NoT CAPABLE or DEALING
NITH sADoTAGE 0N ANENIGAN SOIL. UNDER BRITISH sEGuHITYI" CO0RDINATION'S. B c JILLI 'c s ! D AN sTEPHENs0N, PHILHY SAID BRITISHl AGENTS "COMMITTED NOHE ACTS or SABOTAGE THAN THE WHO££ oI-"THEY GERMAN-BORN COLONY IN THE UNITED STATES.
I sTEPHENsoN "INTERFERED" NITH SUPPLIES D'.~:sTINED FOR THE
~ AxIs',NATIONs AND HIS sTRoNG BOYS "BEAT UP on INTOXICATED THEA 4CPJ-IWJOF SHIPS LOADING THESE SUPPLIES PHILBY SAID STEPFENSON;1
I
NOT RECOR-L .1 LATEH PLAYED "NIDNIEE AND NURSE" TO THE OFFICE oE's¥RATEGIc s
1 ' A A 5@'/'MAg%Q!z 9__68 *92¬3J wA5H11J§?oMA8A£t=9TI9&BNEws SERVICE .ERVICEtoss!, AN OFFICE NHIGH COMPETED NITH THE FBI FOR FEDERALEuNDs AND DESTROYED HoovEA's,NoN?PoLY §N,THE_}NvEsTIGATIvE FIELD,HE sAID. P A r< H "A _ - r-L _ L" 7 __ - -'-'*-N-ti---~" '** ,_'___,,_.,_ ,,.,_,,_,__ ..........i '. I.
r.
I~~ '
. E C
1 I g
2
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ONLY SERIOUS DEFEAT SUFFERED BY HOOVER IN HIS POLI CAREER,""THE CREATION AND SURVIVAL OF THE NEW ORGANIZAT AS THEIIJPHILBY WROTE. 1 PHILBY WAS PRIVY TO ANGLOAMERICAN PLANS TO INFILTRATE ANTI-COLMUNIST AGENTS INTO ALBANIA IN 1950 AND 1952 BECAUSE OF HISMEMBERSHIP ON A SPECIAL POLICY COMMITTEE SET UP TO DETACH ALBANIAFROM THE SOVIET SPHERE.
THE SPY SAID THE ALBANIAN PLOT WAS FUTILE FROM THEBEGINNING AND THE SMALL INVASION PARTY WHICH WAS LANDED STRAGGLEDTO GREECE WITH INFORMATION THAT WAS ALMOST "NHOLLY NEGATIVE." THEINFILTRATORS HAD NOT FOUND THEMSELVES NELCOMED ANYWHERE AND THE .ENVER HOXHA REGIME IN TIRANA WAS NOT AFFECTED.ADV FOR 6:30 P.M. EST SUN MARCH 17 -
D-RHIIPOPES
._?1'1
I I 7,99
*-Y * ~*~* -=* -' ~ ~ -.""*- .,w* ":4-»-~'-?'~- i ,._» _ __._ .-| ._, . ,, 7"-" . .» .- . ' , X3 M":-0 W I ': »_ 1' ' I , . _ _ . . ,. . - 92 . . *_ *~p--2,:-. "-'7'-"""_"~ . ' T, - " '__-- V .__ us __ -. _ . . - _ _-:__ $ 1 _ 92 . 92 ,_92I§ _~f"~ »92~-1 ._"5" IN ¢ ' |H_~ I _ '__ " _fjg!'-_g L_.,. _ _ . J "'4 '§ -_ "wit;-I 1 92I."1'.J* ~_.' '4__ F-w - *3-"V :,'92¬_: V: if 34D . ..'_. ',~a=ZS3--,'.4..¥--.~-"' ='-L'* £. W 5 _ , . _ ,__ - .- - _ , WW- * T. I - ._.1 N»-. ~- --'~ ' TI :4 J "
0 I - I 0Mohr ....._.___i..__.. mlw E, muggy I ._-- Demuch . . I C
story--by
-u'- '.I
n . _himselfi Philby l
THE SUNDAY EXPRESS has taken a decision
which vvillarouse fierce controversy throughout
Britain. l T '
L _ _ .. Inaail ... H-Q in imO ir is to serialise .2-.= uuun ...-=....=-. ._.92,-
Philb, the Russian agent who penetrated
" 'Br|ta:n's Secret Service. rose to high rank in it
while passing its secrets on to Russia. and was
eventually responsible for the esca_P_e_°f_ "'8
Foreign Office defectors Burgess and Maciean.
.l k k it -
Millions of words have been written about Phllby.
But it has all been secendehand, speculative stun. Ih-is
is the rst-hand account written by the only man who
really knows. O! course, one question will be asked: Should
Philbys own story be published in Britain?
The answer, except 1rom_tf1_0se__wi}0 I801 Pefiqnff
embarrassment as a result of ms rusciosures, must ue
YES.
No responsible person would wish to do anything
which would damage the work of the security depart-
ments; but the people are entitled to have information
which enables them to assess the eiciency or this
sector of the public service.
And the Pnilby story is of fantastic interest. It is
the spy story or the century, perhaps oi all time. Philby
not only has a unique tale to tell. He is a. vivid narrator,
with awry sense or humour.
' /me RUSSIANS Know. . .
There would be only one valid reason for suppress-
ing Phllbys story 4: it it were to give potential enemies
new information.
No such factor exists. The Russians already know
everything in the Phllby book. In any case. i is being
published extensively in Europe and Americ 0 why
should Britain alone not know what Philby h to say?
It will be said that any document rro Phllby
must be propaganda to help Russia and injure Britain.
or course there is propaganda in this book. But -there
is much with the stamp of truth on it too.
With each'Sunday Express instalment. there will
be rigorous sitting oi_ propaganda Irom tact by
GB-apman Einelier. Brltaiifs !i'10-3t- brilliant and authori-
t lve commentator on security aairs. - ' 'The publication or Philbys story In Britain _; r |_ " ----;. -_.._ ._.,___ uwelcomeas it will be to many in high and secret; Ob ¢!¢'- = / NOT REOORDF
caBishop.___.______.._
Cosper ._.._._..._i
i Collohon
Conrad _._i___
Fell a
Gale -
Boson .._...._._i
Sullivan
Tovél ._...____.____
Trotter ...______.___
Tole. Room __._._.
Hnimne
uv...-92....r
Gondy 4
DELETED COPYSFNT .4 cl i5.%.;.w1_'
xi ¢i___'-';|IJ'[ .-
PE 1 nu REQUEST
The Washington Post
Times Herald
The Washington Daily News i
The Evening Star Washington! i
The Sunday Star Washington! ___
Daily News New York!
Sunday News New York.!
New York Post
The New York Times
The Sun Baltimore!
The Worker
The New Leader
The Wail Street journal
The National Observer
People's World---i-----i_..-._.._.._.i._
:?_-IA -£1Dale , .i/0 K era
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is never =1 Philbu Altair" cumin. ' T ~.- '. ...-. s e ~""".:,"1 . . .. . . . . .. r - .. . . lWu _ ,. r.~i'-e "' ' ' ' /~-' f-:'- "*'- 4!-1 -' - '. '. .--1'.»-4"-re. .~;'* "~'=r..» ' -~-A - .. .1. '2 ._....;....¢:.;|:....-._.LB._..;_§..;..i:§I.;._..,1n:s;..',..... .... ..'_..__3:__. 1:2-.'IT2'3,!. . ..;-1 .,_ . .._-_T._'_1q;_...£i'....
92
s--__- BLUNT QUESTIONS -- ' -_ I- c if
What sort of a man is Kim Philby ? "
I-low does he Justify his treachery to Britain and
his personal rriends in Britain's security services P
A series or blunt questions were put to Philby. Here
Did you feel any sense of shame that you were betray-
ing the men to whom You posed as friend during your
8.1.5. period .' _ r
No culpability whatever. I was working tor my
beliefs; they, in so far as they were not pure careerists,
were worlrlng ror theirs. Do they reel. culpability
towards rue or towards my colleagues 7are his answers to some pt them :- " , "
When you gave information to the Russians which you
knew would inevitably result in the loss or lreedom or
lite to one or more of your British or American coi-
ieagues, or to any other agent of the West, did you
suffer trom this realisation. and in what way did you
justify and rationalise such results or your actions to
yourself ? _
I am not aware oi having caused the loss or lire or
liberty to any or my British or American colleagues.
all 0! whom worked under the cover or diplomatic
immunity.
ls it a [act that you always but your work for the
Russians beiore any or your personal considerations?
It is true that my commitment to the Soviet Union
has been total. not even excepting my family. That is
'not so odd as it sounds. Any soldier who goes to war
by definition puts his country above his immediate
interests. especially ii he knows what he is fighting
for. It is in that sense that I have always done so.
You have been criticised for your heavy-drinking
habits. Could these be the result of any guilt feeling
or inner conict of loyalties. or how do you explainthem! ' "
1 understand that it is becoming the custom in Eng-
land to haul public gures before the television
cameras to explain away their drinking habits. I
deplore this custom, but offer you a piece or ancient
English wisdom written in the clays or the rst Queen
Elizabeth :- . ,
If all be true that I do think,
There are ve reasons why I drink.
_ Good wine, a friend, or feeling dry, y
Or least I should be by and by.
or any other reason why. -
Could you give any gure which would indicate roughly
your total reward. in expenses and recompense.receiver: irom the Russians over your 3i} years oi
SCIV CG - -
There has never been a nancial basis to my work
for the Soviet Union. My wholly satisfactory reward
has been the recognition of my colleagues. All the
same, they have seen to it that I laclr nothing. My
bank balance is not or the order or RockeIeller's; but
in other resvects I reel myself richer. _
In Western terms, what is your rank in the KGB?
You may take it that my position in the KGB is one
or honour-perhaps beyond my deserts. In my last
Dost with SIS in Washington. I was granted the'-""5-"+-qalzlrowances <31 a'B1lgadier. I am considera
1 O DOW. --
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4
l The Washington Post
Times Herald ___._i_......._i
11 The Washington Daily News ___
l The Evening Star Washington! ._...__
The Sunday Star Washington! ._i
Daily News New York! ___i__
1 Sunday News New York} _____im_
New York Post ______._._i____
The New York Times _____,_.__i;
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Conrad _.
Felt ____
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92 Rosen
r Sullivan i
Tavel ___.
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Holmes ____
Candy L...
l
ire Washington Posl
Times Herald i.._____
rhe Washington Daily News
e Evening Star washingtonltie Sunday Star Washington! _
iaily News New York! We
rmday News New York! ___.
cw York Post
[he New York Times _..._rm V
he
he
heSun Baltimore! -.i_
Worker so
New Leader
Wall Slreel journal
ifhc National Observer _.e_e
eople's World
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-i I u A
PHILBY ' 'E$$ERSW
.The recruiter i
Mr I-flavells interesting letterlast Qgpilay--suggesting that thespies hl_l_{J1. Burgess and Mac-
leari lnTgi have been recruited
by some Trinity Don through the
machinery of the Apostles--fails
on several grounds. Apart from
the fact that Donald Maelean was
up at Trinity Hall, there is plenty
of published information about-
this Cambridge society. 1
Your own reporters book,.
" Philbythe Spy Who -Betrayed
A Generation, makes clear that
neither Philby nor Maclean were
members of it information
based, they claim, on interviews
with contemporary members!,
although Burgess. was. i
Several other references liar-.
ro l's Life of Keynes, Russell's
Autobiography, llolroyrfs Lytton
Strachey! make it equally clear
that this society was not only not }
conned to Trinity men, but that
a cardinal principle of its re-
cruitment anrl its transactions
was that members should both
resist the received ideas of the
material world in their argu-
ments, and that they shouldmaintain a strict mutual loyalty
in not using or referring to the;
society in their prnl'essional livcs.
Again, Insight's Philby book
repeats the evidence of Harro l's Keynes " that prior commit-
ment to Communism ruled out of
consideration many bright youngIt seems unlikely, in_en_g_g9_
in-sliiesralt and impulsive as Bur-
gess, that he would have held the
friendship of non-Communist
Apostles for so long if
had been a party to th
exploitation by KG B recruiters.
In any case, it is undisputed
that all three of the -spies were
involved with Communists and
Left-wing groups in Cambridge
wholly unrelated to the Apostles.
Whoever recruited them, it would
seem far more likely
contact was made in the context
or avowediy political¬. Bishop
Casper
in fact he
e society's - Rose
: Suiiivn
Tovel
Trotter
that the
discussion
and organisation than that it took -
lace within a tiny, private EFOUP
either devoted to politics no
ndeed, open to Philby or Maclea
' Ian Angeli
. Gibraltar
orirrro corrsrnr A c,.__'i'ai',}¢b'~}éi~
BY LETTER ri!l5,7-
men who would otherwise have
been considered. Your reporters E
concur with both Cyril Connollyf
The Missing Diplomats"! and
Torn Driberg " Buigessa Por-
trait with Background"! in
lasting aeetion for the Apostles, |
A---...._-.y"" '""" of his fellow
rejurried this. _
' 1.1in .PER Fillii REQUEST
, J/F F
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'1?7Tescono .oThe Washington Post
Times HeraldMohr .----------»
Cullohon .___-__
Conrod ._..:_-i-
Felt .._i___-
Gale _..-_i-
Tele. Room ___
Holmes .____.-i
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The Washington Daily News _i
The Evening Star Washington! i
The Sunday Star Washington! Hi
Daily News New York]
Sunday News New York! _._____
New York Post
The
The
The
r The
i T'hc
The
People's World
-//IfDate -...,-_':- [5 .New York Times
Sun Baltimore!
Worker
New Leader
Wall Street journal1
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. I:-mn Mr Anthony .92'iiiiing
As one ot the Tory Ministers
whose evidence is quoted in the
Sunday Times Insight team:
i book Philby, the Spy Who
Betrayed A Generai_ion," may I
be permitted to correct an error
oi some importance. On page
240 of the book a statement is
attributed to me, albeit anony-
mously, that "Philby appeared
i to be still ii member of SIS "
after 1951, despite the assertion!
. to the contrary by Mr Macmillanl and Mr Heath.
What I in fact told the Insight
team was that the Foreign Oice
suspected all aiong that Philby
was the Third Man who tipped
oil Maclean that he was about
to be interrogated, but that
SIS out of loyalty 'to their
own employee protested his
innocence. As to whether Philby
had been dismissed er asked to
resign, or kept on ice, I simply
could not remember.
. Indeed, as my interloculors
5 will recall, I mph35l5t!Ci that,
q while I knew quite a lot about
l the Burgess and Naclcan story,
I knew little about Philby_ who
had not been in circulation
during my time as a Minister in -
the Foreign Oilice.
I have now checked the record
and I am completely satised
, that Philby was asked to resizn
from SIS and did so in I951,
as was subsequently stated in
Parliament by Mr Macmillan
and lllr Heath.
I think it is important to get
. these {acts straight. partly
,beeaiisc this misunderstanding
l has wrongly _cai.s,t doub_ton thestatements 01 i' S[lDi'lFili!iI miti-
isters, and partly because. in
an otherwise brilliart book, the
authors have been led-or mis-
,led-into trying to prove U10
1 much, and in particular to prove' that Philby_ was all il-WI!
>'. traitor {or thirty years.
Thai he had treasonable
desires for this length of time
is undeniable. But to su2£E5l
that he was in SIS, and there-
fore in ii position to betray N5
country; for all of 30 rears is
untrue, does not h_lP The l'¢= i°l
to form ii balanced iiiilgiiient and
is liable to inict unnecessary
damage on the national interest.
in sggking to prove their _30
years charge, the aulhrs clairri,_ that there is little doubt-1 that Philby became a member
oi sis as ear_1i' as 1937 W118"
-he was coverin 1-ht! 5P=1'"5h1
1
ll
It
ffI
-_-._ nrtrrrnceiwsrvr [lo Q:c.owi~l_ I
."l-ER -iisii»
E PER. rt]-i-I lF.*"' i
Civil War as a Times corres-
pondent. The cvirlc-nee adduced
for .this is the hr-lief of an
American newspapcrman and I
report that Philby was once
seen talking to two men who
a German agent told a Spanish
Press oiliccr were, in his
opinion, British agents! i
Even if the German was right
about the two men,'.are we to
assume that they only ever
spoke to their fellow agents?
In fact, Pliilby did not join
SIS until 1940, resigned in
1951 and was reinstated in 1955
as a part-time eld agent after
he had been "cleared" by a
statement wrung from Iilr
Macmillan in 2 Parliamentary
debate for lack of concrete
evidence of his treachery.
Scarcely 30 years of service to
the Russian KGB.
Nobody can deny that the
Philby story is a thoruiighly bad
story: but there is neither
sense nor benet to this country
in making it out to be worsetha}-i it is. Besides, there can
be ew who would disagree with
the remark in John Le Cari-cs
admirable introduction, We
shall never, I hope, create a
society that is proof against his
kind . . . Philby is the price we
pay tor being moderately tree."
Indeed, it can be argued that
to sacrice our moderate free-
dom would not render us proof
against another Pliilby and that
the more rigorous and repres-
sive the police state the more
likely are its servants to
defect. Certainly this is sug-
gested by the large number of
senior Russian intelligence and
subversion agents who have
defected or passed vital infor-NOTI
lM I T,Q. fI 92' '/E
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, a
il
rnatinn to the West. Names such
as Ulcg 1*:-nkovslty, Vladimar
Pctrov. Nikolai K h o it h I o v
licensed to kill with bullets
red from the hinge on opening
cigarette-case}, Evgeny Runge,
and lrog Gouzenko are but l
few of the Soviet agents who
have betrayed their country to
_ the West.
. This catalogue is many times
longer. especially it Russian
diplomats, scientists and writers
are added, than that sordid little
collection ot British traitors and
defectors - Phiiby. Maciean,
Hurcess, Blake, Nunn May andFuchs.
If we are to learn the lessons
oi the Pliiihy case we must keen
a sense of proportion. To
exaitnerate our mistakes could
be almost as dangerous as to
cover them up.1 Anthony Nuttlng
The authors reply: To deal
with Mr Nuttintfs lesser point
rst: It appears that Mt Nutting
has misread the reference ofPhllby and "£15 durinc theSpanish Civil Var. We did not
Write that there is "little
doubt" that Philby became a
member of SIS as early as
1937. We wrote p. 92!: "So
there seems 1ittie_doubt that
it was in Spain that Phiiby
made his rst careful, tentative
contacts with the intelligencegervice he was later to domin-
._ ts." Hardly the same thing.
j-And on P- 109 we say when
§'Pl-iilby did join SIS." In
August, 1940, Philby became a
member oi Section D"of the
British S I S."
Mr Nuttingg more serious
point contcs as a surprise inthat he used very rrn Ianeuatte
more than once to two of the
reporters concerned. with the
Phiiby inquiry. On the nal
occasion he described a brieng
he had received on coming to
the Foreign Office after the elec-
tion in October, 1951. This con-
sisted of an account ot the FD
position as regards Philby, over
whom there had been erce
inter-departmental dispute: dur-
ing the summer. The reporters
pressed Mr Nuttiniz several
times on the question ot
whether his understanding was
that Philby was still employed
ln the SIS in October. 1951.
He registered surprise that the
question should be in doubt,
and concluded: " I would almost
go to the stake on the fact."-
This suggestion cross-checked
with another authoritative
source. an oliicial connected with
SIS during the relevant years
of the fties, that is, prior to
1955. It also checked with a
further source, a political one,
familiar with the circumstances
of Mr Macmilians actions in
1955. It should al-so be noted
that in this period Philby made
no serious attempts to make an-
other carcer but made several
curious trips outside Britain.
Mr Nutting writes, I have
now checked the record and am
completely satised that Philby
was asked to resign from SIS
and did so in 1951 as was subsc-
qucntly stated in Parliament by
Macmillan and Heath." This is
I strange thing to write because
one of the most important points
about the controversy is that
neither ldacntilian not liesth
said any such thing..lIeath, in
1963, elaborately avoided men-
tioning anything about Phiibys
S IS work. --
Mr Nutting mentions " the
records," but in this kind of
situation it is difficult to know
which records he means, and
who wrote -them. During our in-
quiry into the Phllby affair we
were given numerous conicting
assurances of what the re-
cord" said, only to nd time
and time again that peeiifu?
another skin from the onion
changed _the picture entirely.
Despite our high regard for Mr
Nutting we do not {eel shaken
in our essential belief that
.Philby maintained some kind of
SIS links during the 1950s
~a version we have had from
several sources. ' -
I
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- =1».--I__,_... THE SUNDAY TIBTES, 3 M/92RCl?' 1 968 1"f-~ f &|U'L*L I-i Kilt in W 'J|Li,_I *_ r r :" *_i***'i"'* "****r **%** ;' I '** ~*i92I
Mr la Carre ask: Magazine February
ll} who seduced and recruited Burgess.
Ilaclean and Philby. all It Trinity in the
early thirties.
It was clearly lorneone, a lenior Marx-
l|t,, sufficiently impressive do eallow
tirrzraduatea ta dominate them intel-
leetually, and with easy and intimate
access to all three. Feed those fitls Into
I computer, and the answer would
probably be a Trinity don.
' --I ~- -.- ._i...._,t.._.4r_, -
l I
-
G; In
4
|-
Z- r 1
f. . . f ll Ly
. Strachcy," Mr llolroyd describe; in detail
I society tailor-made for the lob: During
I-he twenties the Apmtievi" smelt out
and Iastldiously eleéted tr, their rank:
pretty and sometimes intelligent boys.
Senior Apostles remained member; after
they had gone down, alul returner! to
Camhrirlee from the corridors of pnwnr
for philosophical dlscussmni, behind
locked doors. _ ,_____=
----.92 ... i._-__ t..__..Did an Apostle recruit at Cambridge for KG '? lL! ' *
1; But in the rst volume o -h ' tton Mr Ilolroyrl also tolls us that I,--' the
early thirties the Apostles prcocrul-.1tion
haul, naturally, declined to Lr-it-win:
politics. Were Burgess, lilcbr-an and
Phllhy atteringly selected _- as
"Embryos," and did one or more of
them become Apostles? The roll anri
Ini|11|l.cs oi the Society at the lwrlmi
nwlght provide some clue to Mr Ir :92rre's
question. _ ' '
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___i BYLLOYD SHEARER
__
¢_;:_-Y __ O seems-.
- I /-at-old Kim" Phllbv. 56./ Tastefdouble agdnt ' who
spied for the Soviets while
he worked as an intelligence
chief for the British, has
penned in Moscow, between his seduc-
tions and benders, an untitled, 80,000-
wotd manuscript of memoirs. i
If published, these espionage revela-
lions might well prove damaging to the
QED! and the ClA, because Philby worked
closely with both organizations for years.
In 1949 he was temporary rst secretary
at the British Eimbassy in Washington,
assigned the vital job of security liaison
r with the Americans. Consistently he
duped the best mirds in our intelli-
|
P
I
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t
92
1lll u1 gence agencies. s »
He helped Guy Burgess, an old Cam-
bridge classmatc and a raging homo-
sexual who worked as a second secretary
in the British Embassy and who lived
with him, pass top secret information to
the Reds. He also joined with another
Cambridge chum and bisexual, Donald
l92iac[.ean,head of the American Depart-
ment of the British Foreign Oice, in
tipping oil the Soviets about Anglo-
Amcrican counter-espionage plans.
Philby was not only "The Third Man
wh'o warned Burgess and MacLean that
the jig was up and that they had best
scape to Moscow, but in his trusted post
at the embassy, he caused untold harm
to our agents. _ _ -
He admits, for example, that he was
responsible for one of America's worst
defeats in the cold war against Russia. In
1951, he claims, he sabotaged the CIA
plan to start 3 revolt in Albania,'vvhich
Allen Qulles hoped would start a chain
r f rebellions in other C6I'|'|"r|'rtl5. -_... 1 . . /7 *-
ltigt cor_|_nt;ieslPhilby says Dulles called
"an expert on operations against the
Soviet Union," explained that he pl 1'1
to drop several hundred gueryi s' to
Alb ' t blanta. .. 0 stir up trou e va '-ous places 92 'bicl d pi ad a EI8 a H r. c'ti &rraee-a -l led to an exlploslgl odg 3 W "_'r2g£"l fang-~ -- B-3- u---_ -F ,-ui ! 4.-'--3 pJ .-" .. '- "' * »" 'iPhiplb 1 helped plan the operation, then
promptly h pped all the
who, he says, captured I50 of our men
as soon as they landed.
Philby also claims that he handed
over to the CIA, control of NTS Union
of Russian Solidarists!, a Russian emigre
movement whose members smuggle anti-
Oommunist propaganda into the Soviet
Union.
Philby rst began to vvorlt for the
%viets in I934 when he was graduated
from Cambridge. But it was not until
Iuly 1962, when a Russian agent named
Anatoli Doinytsin defected to the CIA,
that we nally learned the truth about
him. The CIA notied the British, but
they moved too slowly, and Philby cs-
caped to Moscow where his co-conspira-
tor, Burgess, died. and left him $5600.
_ Philby, four times marrietlhis latest
is Chicago-horn Melinda MacLean,vvhom
he stole from her ex-husband Donald
MaeLean in Moscow last yearis pre-
pared to withdraw his manuscript from
imminent publication. He is willing to
save British and U.S. intelligence serv-
ices further embarrassment if only the
British will release two Soviet spies, Mr.
and yrs. Peter.Kroger who are reallyMorris an Lona Cohen of 'flFBF6x,
_. l92I.= - Vast-It , .nwtyv _l92_JLl.92!
Th C01-<Il1§, alias Helen and Beter
K1°8¢l', are top-echelon Russian agents
now imprisoned in En land. The were S Y
zinvolved in the atomic bomb spy case
with Iulius and Ethel Rosenberg, and
_they were important cogs in the spy
apparatus run by Rudolph Abel, the bril-
liant Russian agent who operated out of
New Yorlt. The U.S. exchanged Colonel
Abel for U-2 pilot Gary Powers in 1962.
Ill In I950, however, when the FBI be-
gan solving the atom spy case and mov-
ing in on the Rosenbergs, Abel ordered
the Cohens to ee the country. They
settled in Vienna and from there wrote
the New Zealand Embassy in Paris for
1 passports, aiming that they were Peter
ll?! l'lEl'E'ii l92é"h " 4. Kg // 7""/'' Bishop l "/
/ Casper _._..____dCollohon
Conrad
FeltGale
Ptosen
Sullivan
Tdvél
Trotter
Tole. Room ______
Holmes
Gondy
irrgtn cor sE *:3
ta ale! --
" ihhlléll
The Washington PostTimes Herald i____
The Washington Daily News ~_.es.___,,,_,_,.i..~_--__.-
,i__.-.-.-----
M
.-
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FU
r _
lqggl_,,__Zl;.<;y offered as evide cc, forgedbirth certificates provided by n
. spy apparatus.
m were issued, and Morris
Goblin. recruited by the Co"n'ii1'ns'|:swhw l7n:' as I student at"li'lississippiState ln ersity in the early'l'9§'U r-
rived in hondon with his wife in 195;.
Under thlroger alias, they set up a boolt
business near Trafalgar Square as a
cover, but in reality transmitted via
radio from their home top secret informa-
tion gathered by Konon Melody, alias
1
4
1 1
FiGordon Lonsdale, another Soviet agent.
The British arrested Lonsdale and the
Krogers in 1961. Lonsdale was sen-
tenccdto 25 years and the Krogcrs to 20.
But Lonsdale was released on April 22,
1965, in exchange for Grenville Wynne,
a British agent the Soviets had appre-
hended.
Why do the Soviets want so desper-
ately to get the Cohen-I-{rogers back to
Moscow? Philhy says the American
couple are innocent, which, of course, is
ridiculous-
Exchanging Spies e
There are several possible reasons.
Colonel Rudolph Abel, now chief of the
Anglo-American section of the KGB, is
extremely fond of the Cohens. They
worlced under him in New Y0rlt,'and a
warm friendship developed. Abel got
himself exchanged for Gary Powers. He
got Lonsdale, who also worked for him
in New York for a short time, exchanged
for Grenville Wynne. He now wants to
exchange the Krngcrs for Gerald Brooke,
an English schoolmaster recruited by the
NTS to distribute anti-Soviet tracts in
Russia. The KGB, reportedly tipped elf
by Philby, picked Brooke up at once,
sentenced him to ve years in jail.
The British are not willing, and thats
why Philby is olfering to sweeten the
pot by renouncing publication of his
memoirs. -
The_Russians ltnow that ill they can-
not engineer the exchange of the Krogers
for someone or something, there is a
very good chance the U.S. will aslr for
the extradition of the Krogers after they
have been? released in Britain. The
couple could then be tried in the U.S.
on a number of charges and undoubtedly
sentenced to further imprisonment, an
action not considered too healthy for the
morale of Soviet spies in the eld.
. There is always the danger that after
20 years in jail, one of the Krogers will
Brihwn, confess or def d'92
_'-l
Algl want; to play it sate. He wants his
old frien s, members of his 5i'd s-|?*y-=lp-
paratus secure and sound in Moscow
where they can help him teach a new
batch of spies.
The British, however. are not willing
to trade two major Soviet agents for B0,-
000 words by Hamid Philby. So unless
the Cid and the FBI move in on the
deal and pressure the British, Philhfs
memoirs will shortly see the light of
print. "
When that happens, red faces will
surely rise inrwashington, for "Casa-
nova" Philby names the men with whom
he was involved, men he blithely and
easily deceived, men he politely refers to
in his memoirs as colleagues.
Surely for those in our intelligence
yeti.-rnity, that will constitute the nal
insu t. ' "" "-"
<. , __ .- _
1 .
The "Krogers" new imprisoned in Britain
as Red spies, are shown in happier days.
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DELETED COPYSENT _ /,1--1 Q<."' 4}
Pliilby book QLl
I-.5 British ambassadors receiv
from the Foreign Oice ladttwee]: a guidance telegram advil- 111' ,1hem how to deal with in-
gtes and comments they and
_sta's might receive on the
Sunday Times Insight team:
92 boob on Kim Philby, the
l British spy who worked for the
Russians, writes our diplomatic
correspondent. It was felt that
- missions abroad should be pre-
pared for questions about the present state of the British
security services.
- Philby, The Spy Who
Betrayed A Generation " Andre
Deutsch, 30s.!, which is a Book
Society and Book oi! the Month
Club choice, is expected to have
nn' unusually wide circulation all
round the world especially
i among foreign a_Eairs specialists.H 9% i nggggog
6 5 MAP 5 51953 _ "
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Indicate paqu, numl of
newspaper, city and state.!
Duto:
Edilicn:
Author:
Editor:
Title:
Ch qmcter:
or
Classification:
Submitting Office: L0ndOnJ P.3
l The Sunday Time
London, England
2/25/68
<1!
HAROLD A. R. PHILE
ESPR
92 -E ' J !.j_ 1, ¢,.
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Mount Cllpplng In Space Below!- t. _ .
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J --~-92- -r.lt|"l"Jl0&Iu'iI 21. at oi= i A Ii . - ~, _ ... . .-»l*t*-;¢- ii l92irl92'92.h'l'i'il" '<tt.i'rrm'Fi!92:*SbY shazel Inn!
1 ' Al stile who for more than a
; 1eir1 'l934-36! shared the white-4 washedsimplicities of the Green
I Palace--the St. John Philbys'
r hojo outside the wail: of Jidda
;,.--4-'-I can assure Mr John le Carré-that all surmise that Mrs Philby,;Kim' . mother, could not be
1 f'I__92I|Fi6man of any force is far
-wide of the mark " The Enemy
__Eith_iri| Magazine, last week!.
- Dora Philby, as I found her
then, was a big, red-haired,
lively, thrusting woman, with a
personality every bit as markedas bot Uncle Abduliah " aslghimrab employees called
I Abduilah St. John! Fhilby.
Mr le Carré, in his i|npres-
sfvelylntuitive introduction to
Philb : The Spy Who Betrayed[lo Uélgqrntion, might have made
e further mental leap and
hdedtieed that Kim's striking
fi physical resemblance to his
Hmotheq indicated that he was
made more in her stereotype
than in his father's, and that the
mother of the man who stole all
.~-L1Ae_he.adlines all the time could.
i hardly be a negligible person.}_ Blpi the most strikingfigign of Dora Philbys' in-
Fdiyiqqality were her robust lack5:4! interest in the aping of Arab.,ttii'i.Z. .1 0U 'JED W .l.l' .luI'ui>Oe3 haul? drrnaa. I .. . . .-a.-.- . .I, ...u--....-.,-. ...-.-.... .__...§-1...~.--'- = ' savsu no n'a'rn:iiai'ri{ _H115 'I161 - M 'QHJU -lil.
' Mn; Dora Phllby
following wind.
lng I strolled up to the
to get as cool as
Leaning over e
front were Mrs Philby,
Dodd and Toovey. Mrs
about twenty-ve with a
glorious red hair.
"We are having
interesting discussion
Mrs Pliilby. On whjest?" " Ambition. 19.
I said, it is to breed pi ,.England." .*-' 5
Mrs Pliilby turned toPHIUJJI l
is a very handsome woman of 1-
Of ;
a ttest, -said,
at sub--
We"eI!'
know what Dodds ambition il"~J
M
Lirian ers and dress, and her mega: of repeated requests byl.
then, ll~powerful King Ahdi pl-'5,zi;Al Saud that she followlierihusband into becoming a; us.l'gr1. She Cfttallglyihdtllgldtélg "'ome1nouo eco.L O warmth of the Islamic
tito which her husband had
mbledfpom .' .-ma--~-is G L-W Mackenzie
Egilfqdon N 1 i
' -.Uiiambit10us
c i mother. Theextract _irom
0ctober,. 1920:
lmuuiié Y5: um
ce-. J" Viki 2 was" '_'fJolfn le Carré writes: " There-41; little to be learnt of Philby's" following is anthan to {arm inllnglan
is all very well for you.
luck as well as ability.
it is strange for me
~ my husband that all I
a good comfortable life.want" You. a soldier? " Yes, wh
better ambition can a man heI! ud.
young man whoha.s cut otit
line for himself and has 1h
to -tat:
like this about ambition,""'1lai
Mrs Pt-iilby for I always tc
is alwa s sa ing he wishe5 Y Y _ _had more ambition as one might
as well be a turnip as b
out it. But I think amb
ii very different thing in
and a woman I don'te, wt
ition
ii ma
like an.3 .1 Lb.1'r "¢¥tREi°P£t2'B§@-;v'a:?;l;"Pl: . ; 5 *-=*-A 92'~i*!92"-1'¥1'1L' ii ti" T1. °:LiL»'§ - r3 H: -*~.»'-1' 7 .. ."»=i*i ' ' "Red Sea.-with rl .,i.:Folkest0ne!'!l»'!:.'ii|_-r iiii--as 1. int<ae~;i
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B'v itiiaii<i/->'/:- _ __
PER Fou REQUEST
l
Dale:'UELl'TEI1 Enrv SEN? 41- _,;l-..The Sunday kTiliie-
London, England
Edition;
Author:
Editor: 0
b_ .Tj"'= HAROLD A.R.PHILBYI-. - F --'6 *~/A!. /J-
neeiinep
Character:
has 11. use
Classification:
Su@l' " Oiiice: London
I:-lBeing lnveeti quted
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Iy CHAPMAN PINCHER
V HEN Gu3,_r_ Bur;
' ' gcss and UOi"l§'lld
Mzicican, _ilie Foreign
Oilice traitors, stagedtheir rst _pubiic
appearance_i_n Mos-
cow in 1900 l was
.iiurriediy summoned
to see a senior oliicial
of iii.l.o. the counter-
espionage organisa-
iion.
He told me the security
authorities were extremely
perturbed because they
feared that the two former
diplomats were about to
name other Foreign Oice
men who. though they
might be innocent. would
he branded as Communists
and homosexuals. .
would 1. the M.l.5 man
asked. point out this danger
in the Daily Express and so
reduce the credibility oi
anything Bur ess and 8
Maclean might say before
they said it ?
I agreed to help and asked
the official if he had any
hard evidence that eitheroi
them had been successful
spies. He told me there was
no doubt about Maciean. but
aiter the most searching
inquiries there was no
evidence whatever to
incriminate Burgess. .-
SCARE
Silt years later when it
was rumoured that Burgess
and Maciean might touch
down at Prestwiclr Airport
en route to Communist
Cuba, the police applied for
warrants for their arrest on
Oiiiciai Secrets charges.
Again I was called in by
.the M.I.5 man, who admitted
that the purpose of the move
was to scare the traitors off
because any arrest and trial
would be most embarrassing,
He conrmed that he still
had no evidence that Burgess
had been any sort or Russian
azent. All he could have been
charaed with was aidingi .i
t
'2
'.rtRiu:>iatq1ii:sr _ MP miss TWO, sou -n-ii=is_s
i:~ -VI __.,,.___._,, I ...,., -.___
Maclean to escape, and it was
doubtful whether this would
succeed in court.
I disclose these facts now,
when Burgess is dead. because
of the publication today oi a
book* which presents
IBurgess,.Macican, and Harold" Kim " Philbythe Third
Man "--as Three Musketeers
of Soviet Intelligence. i .
The authors assume that:
all three agreed to dedicate
their lives to Soviet
espionage when they were
students and laid deliberate
plans to Denetrate the
British Secret Intelligence
Eervice.
These assumptions. on
which the boolr is built. are
not credible and are in con-
flict with the way the Sovie
espionale works. -
A AGENTS
No doubt the three youths,
who were sold on Commun-
ism. were marked down as
potential agents by Soviet
talent scouts who operate in
every university. These
talent scouts would be
British Communists Dos-
sibly even dons-~reporting_
to party I-i.Q. in London
which passes on the reportsto the Soviet Embassy where n
they are careiully docketed.
But at that early stage the
Russians would be careful to
keep out ot the picture,
leaving the task oi super-
vision. which may last years.
to British Communists. The
Boviet spyrriaster. who is8- " Phllb,92'." Deulscli, Slip. MI
Imp qv! _ Classification: C O _' _; l .. _ submiiunq Olllcts L, 4:?
Y LETIER -'1~| lei» .=-- t ;Ei_f?i.!_i""""""".92'
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Indicate page, mama ol
ntwlpapnr, city mad Itch.!
£1/7 Ffrr 1'-1
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1 Author:
1 Editors
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i -=.
almost always posiii: as an
accredited diplomat or trade
delegate. rarely makes his
personal contact until his
quarry is in a position to be
useful.
tie delays making his " pass"
as long as possible because itcan be a dangerous moment. as
it was when fl. Boviet diplomatin London tried to recruit me.
when he oerecl me money to
reveal my sources oi defence
information I reported him to
the security authorities and hewas soon recalled to Moscow. i
Phllby could not really beuseful until he Joined the Secret
Inielliirrnce Scrvce in 19-I0. He
was invited to join after being a
foreign correspondent on 0.new-spa?era not uncommonroute o entry.
There is no evidence that
Phllby knew Mnciean was a spyuntil he heard of the Secret
Service suspicions about him. ft.
is also unlikely that Maclean
knew ln_92"thii'l8 about Phi1bysactivities. ' i =
Like all Soviet spymssters
Phliby would have been under
l ' _| 92e
. ._ 1Q-saa==_1y Postscript on a
the llrrn control of the "Centre "
in Moscow. This would be
arranged through contact withRiissiiin diplomats in London.Washin ton. and other eiticawhere éhilby worked.Itis assumed in this new hook
that Phllby told Burg!-is to wornMaclean that he was under
suspicion. When Phllby received
this secret information in Wash-ington. Burgess was staying withhim and was about to cave torLondon. -
His cover u
M.I.5 officials told me that it
was extremely unlllrely thatPhilby would tell anyone about
Maclean's danger without first
taitirlir Moscow's advice throulzhthe Soviet Embassy in Washing-ton. To tell Burizcss would break
Philbi"s "cover." which he had
guarded so carefully.The Centre in Moscow wouldalmost.
problem
Embassy
Burgess
Russian-5certainly hand theover to the Sovietin London. I believe
was approached by thein London after he
returned. They could not
approach Maclean directlybe¬al.lFe they knew he was under
surveillance. Burgess oouid doso as a friend. . . . .
oi==:....'-..-7.-=3
- 92
, l92.~ 92
4
~traitor
This would account for the
fact that Burgess did not hurryback lo London from America.
did not contact Maclean when_.lie rst arrived. and moved to
help Maclean escape only at thelast 1'.l'ilfil.lic.lItei' getting some
new and startilng information.
Phiiby's "confession " that he
tipped Burgess of! about Maciean
was it lie. I believe, to coverthe real route. This is more
than supposition.
I have a memorandumwritten by I Daily Express
investigator in 1953 stating an informant ciainiinz to be
an ex-member of i92!.I.5 and
directly concerned with theBurgess and Miaciean inquirysaid Phiibv was a double-agenta British spy and a Corn-
munisi agent from youth.
"When .he was in Washing-
ton. Philby learned oi the
IIIVBF-tip!tlDi'l5 which might lead
to Maclean being exposed. Heimmediately alerted the SovietEmbassy in Washington. who
passed the warning to Macleanvia their embassy in London"?
The Dally Express could notprint this at the time. Phiiby i
was protected not only by his i
Establishment friends but bythe British laws oi iibd. - it
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hen millions read1- John Buchan and~* tnought how won-gertul the British Secretrvice must be Soon.millions will be readingPage-beitch - Knlghtley'and saying how lousy it
must have been.
Both authors. t need
hardly say. are wrong; thetruth lies somewherebetween The Thirty-Nine
Steps and Philbil it thereis more "hard tact and less
romance in the latter. thereis less spite and more under-
standing in the former
Buchan knew the men andthe time he was writing about:the three Sunday Times authorsadd up to 99 ears or agebetween them and nave C'l.I1"iOU.$second-hand pxrejudlces aboutthe '30: and t e Bi'il;l.5-h rulingclass. Buchiui was writingromance tor his own amuse-ment: the students or Phiibywere writing exposure underorders. In common. I suppose.they had the desire to makemoney.
In this J. have no doubt théteam of three will succeed. Forthe yarn they tell is as engross»ills as anything Buchan ever
wr0te~-and controversial toboot. It is based on no docu-
mentation to speak 0!. and thesources one in most cases inter-vlews with people ha:-lung back30 years. some oi them withscores to settle. .It cannot be tailed DISBOI3.because access to ofcial recur shas been refused. It isn't mere
iournalism, because greatrouble and expense have goneinto producing what will lastand make a book. It isn't policework. because the culprit-theman who "recognised. court-ed
and consciously seduced into aiitetime of deceit" Philbv.Maclean and Burgesshas notbeen identied and charged.
DANGER
This is instant history, thedanger of which is that onenever goes on quite long enoughto dig out all the truth that
might he dug.
I have no doubt at all thatWhitehall. it it really got downto the Job regardless of reputa-t ns. could nd that cu prlt.
_ e way oi doing so may havewrm to the present Foreignbk etary who. it will blillllzngred. got very angry w ti rThonl-S0'n because the Plulbystory was written for his news-papers.
It is to orler to return to_ Russia the Kroeger pair oi spies51 Phuby who is
' PHILBY 2 THE SPY WHO
-5"Eill.' lhl-" use a oi av: e c . inKg inlays Andre Deuttch. 30:.!la sell-confessed spyi and Brooke who is not a spy! 'l92v'-dogthe Kroegers would tell theirmasters much that would beavailable to them, but nothingto compare with the value to the Establishment" cl meltinglure who it was in hgn EOEILIOHwho could protect hii y, therascelly Burgess and the out-rageous Maclean: threaten themwhen they laitercd: provide theDost ollce for their-secrets
Philby. having betrayed somung so often, would surely notint train this iinai treachery.
Be that as it may. we as anation cannot sit and do nothingls this d.read.tui story is pub-lished all over the world, Somedefence has to be made: somecorrective round: some W3?devised oi making our inte -gence services I-ccountable. .
There were great merits-lctit be admit!-ed-in the old
system oi stalling intelligencewith gentlemen from the cler-vicea and the public schools. Bolong as upper-class society wasnot split by the Fascist-Count
munlst choice oi the periodbetween wars. loyalty wasassured. It was cheap to run.because a. small permanentstall could trawl good informs-tion from any wall: of lire. andalmost any part oi the world.ti-om the old-boy net.
POMPOUS
It was secretive in the waythat all eective groups aresecretive: newspaper proprietors.the T.U.C.. college commonrooms. the executive committeeor the Communist Party. iTh|sla not. as John ie Cnrré seemsto argue in his curiously-pompolls introduction. a. qualitypeculiar to ex-olcers or theIndian Army.! Above all, the81.3. did not interfere inpolitic-.s-and I wonder oi howmany comparable organisationsin the world this can he couri-dently said. Compare the shorthistory oi S.I.S. with that or theFrench. German. Russian.Italian equivalents all welldocumented! and the Britishcome out with a political recordthat is clean.
As le Cal-re admits.
grudgingly at the end oi hisoration: "Philhy is the pricewe boy for being moderatelyfree. . . . Stupid, credulous. smugas the Establishment may naveboon. it erred on the side oitrust." Their were. in a. word-nmateurs. As such. they Ielnedinsecurity but never suspect-idtreachery: their Nazi Opprillnumbers always feared treacheryand seldom believed themselvescapable of inefciency.
Page-Leitch-Knlghtieyl would have Us believe that t e SecretService did little more in thewar than sponsor successful
code-breaking. 'I'his is unfair.and no doubt the result oi haste.Had they gone to Norway. torexample. they would havelearned or the bri-J-A:-.:.._worltdone by agents trained in thisratherz** Z '7.
<92c /i92< AK1
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newspaper, city and linil.!
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DONALD MC LACHLAN
lT"1*=NOW WE KNOW THAT
PHILBY WAS THE THIRD
MAN-BUR WHO WAS THE
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.c0i.lntry. Had they uestitmedformer Combined gperationsplanners. they would have found.-hat s local agent produced on ascore of occuions the extradetail or intelligence which savedBritish lives.
Some excellent work was doneLnngi-om as tar apart as b'WtCl£na Africa - grace Mr. MalcolmMuggeridge. he account orwhose ac ivlties In the Germanarchives might have beenexamined
The Bismai-ex was interceptedthanks to a tip from the headoi the Norwegian Secret Bervicein si.ockhoim;_h_er signals werencl cleeipiiered by our exoerts.
I am glad to see that ie Oarréattaches little importance toPhliby's political convictions.
Politically. he did not outgrowthe anger and disgust withwhich he had watched in 1934Fascist brutality in Vienna.Deceit was in his nature. andthe root ol his attitude was tobe found in the character andca i of his Arabist father.
e enjoyed the act, much I_ pp-_-_,..-_
tupbosc as _ Bocialists haveenjoyed worliing tor gory news-paper proprietors. Ina: being50. he was a very hard man todetect or catch. The positivevetting oi our own day wouldcertainly have aroused sus-picions about liim--but probablythe wrong ones. For, Just beforethe wnr. e was associating withpro-Germans and anti-Russians.I he had been rejected then. he' would have been welcomed backin 1945. when the cold warbegan ,
ENEMY
Once he had been taken on.there was nothing in h.is be-haviour-unlilie that oi Burgessand Me.clean-to raise doubtsabout his reliability.
When yesterday's ally turnsinto tomorrow's enemyasseems liable to happen to uswith either a Gaullst or aCommunist France - loyaltiesare embarrassing, Was it thenso odd that Phiiby should_ 'charged in 19-I4 with penetrati
Sqlllet networks in EasternEurope? I cannot see that itwas. Where. however, I do aglreewith the authors E in t eiramazement at the secret trial towhich Piiilby was subjected in1951 by his Whitehall colleagues.How the Foreigléi Secretariesoi the day-Her rt Morrisonand Anthony Eclencame toallow such nonsense is a ques-tion which l'l'l.l§}1$ usefully bestudied under aroid W1 son'splan for special oictal historiesOf ebisodes which still inuenceour lives. There are at leastthree eminent historians, whowere actually employed in theSecret Service, by whom thejob coulg be dorlie with authorityand wit secur ty.
@_e."_-r.-.l.=te though it is.inaccurate though it is in detail.this book gives. brilliantly, Joessence oi the Philby story. itsenduring eect must be to 0011-vince politicians and Press thatintelligence is a departmentalactivity-lilte runnin an armedservice--of which orgy the coreneed be Top Secret.After all, we have a Navywith a budget which la publiclydiscussed; it has a nuclearsubmarine force whose com-manding officer is known andcan be interviewed: yet theperformance and traming oithe new Resolution remainsclosely guarded secrets.There is no reason whyintelligence should not beorganised in the same way. sogist 831;: shed lonce tor All the sci be HEB-S 0 MI-l'5dMI6and make a_i'r_csh_&.Ii3It.
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HEN Guy Bur-
gess and Donaldill.-ieiean. the ForeignOilicc traitors, stagedtheir first public
appearance in Mos-cow in 1956 I washurriedly summonedi
-.__.... .e=._--__.__, -_ - -._ --T
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- to see a senior oiliciaiof l92I.i.5. the counter-t?S[!l0il-Bg ' organisa-lion.
He told me the securityauthorities were extremelyperturbed because theyfeared that the two formerdiplomats wer_e about toname other Foreign Officemen who. though theymight be innocent, wouldbe branded as Communistsand homosexuals.
Would 1. the M.i.5 manasked. Point out this dangerin the Daily Express and soreduce the credibility ofs n yth I n 3 Burgess andMaciean might say beiorethey said it ?I agreed to help and askedthe otilclai ii he had anyhard evidence that either ofthem had been successfulspies. lie told me there wasno doubt about Maclean. butafter the most searchinginquiries there was noevidence whatever toincriminate Burgess. .- .SCARE
Six years later when itwas rumoured that Burgessand Macleah might .touchdown at Prestwieit Airporten route to CommunistCuba. the police applied forwarrahts for their arrest onOiclal Secrets charges.Again I was called in bythe M.I.5 man. who admittedthat the purpose oi the movewas to scare the traitors oi?because any arrest and trialwtgild be most embarrassing.' e confirmed that he stillhail no evidence tthnt Burgesshntl been any sol ot Russiansilent. All he could have beencharged with was. sldihz. I
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.-!Maclean to escape, and it wasdoubtiui whether this wouldsucceed in court.1' disclose these facts now, Iwhen Burgess is dead. becauseof the publication today o! a.boolrit which presents.'Burgess,.Maeiean, and Harold"Kim" Phiiby-the "ThirdMan "-as Three Musketeersof Soviet Intelligence.The authors assume thatall three agreed to dedicatetheir lives to Sovietespionage when thely werestudents and laid delberateplans to penetrate theBrit.isl'l Secret IntelligenceService. yThese assumptions. onwhich the book is built. arenot credible and are in con-flict with the way the Sovie ,,espionage works. .
AGENTSNo doubt the three youths.who were sold on Commun-ism. were marked down aspotential agents by Soviettalen-t scouts who operate inevery university. Thesetalent scouts would beBritish Communists - Dos-sibiy even dons-reporting.to party I-LQ. in Londonwhich passes on the reports
they are carefully docketed.But at that early stage theRussians would be careful tokeep out oi the picture,leaving the task of super-vision. which may last years.to British Communists. The_Boviet spymaster. who is4! Phlib_v." Deul-sch. 30s.to the Soviet Embassy where F
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almost always posing as anaccredited diplomat or tradedelegate, rarely makes hispersonal contact until hisquarry is in a position to beuseful.He delays making his " pass "as long as possible because itcan be a dangerous moment. asit this uhen n Soviet diplomatin London tried to recruit me.when he oitered me money toreveal my sources oi defenceinformation l reported him to. the security authorities and hvine soon recalled to Moscow.Phiihy could not reallyuseful until he Joined the SeerInieiiiirence Service in 1940.was Invited to Join an-er being;foreign correspondent onnets-spaPeri not uncommg route o entry. _1There is no evidence t tPhilb! knew Maciean was a s _until he heard of the SecService susuieions about him.is also unikely that Maclknew Il'l.922h1I'iI about Philh,'"I:li¥tm"'1I Bo it e 1 ve lpymlstePhllby would have been und
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. . "?I>"1'- . _-. _ __L Postscript on a1» tment
Russian diplomats in London.Washington. and other citieswhere hiiby worired.It-is assumed in this new bookthat Philby told Burgess to warnMaclenn that he was undersuiirilcion. When Phiiby receivedthis secret information in Wash-ington. Burgess was staying withhim and was about to cave torlrondfrn. i
His coverM.I.5 officials told me that itwas extremely unlikely thatPhiiby would tell anvone aboutMncleai-|'s danger vt-lthout firsttaiiinir Moscows .dViC_0 throuizhthe Soviet Embassy in Washing-ton. To tell Burizcss would breakPhiibvs "cover." which he hadgunrcied so carefully.The Centre in Moscow wouldRiniost certainly hand theDrobieln over to the Soviet
Burgess Iiiis approached by theRtlSSl6.l1! in London lfler hereturned. They could notapproach Maciean directlybecause they knew he was undersurveillance. Burgess could do
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This would account for thetiict tlilt Burgess did not hurryback to London from America.did not contact Maclean whenhe rst arrived. and moved tohelp Maclean escape only at thelast minuteaiter getting somenew and slanting intorn-iation.Phiibv's " confession" that hetipped Burgess oft about Maciesnwas it ile. I believe. to coverthe real route. This ts morethan supposition.I have a meinor-andurnwritten by n Daily EXDl'l'5-5investigator in 1953 stating" an informant claimimr to bean ex-member oi M.I.5 anddirectly concerned with theBurgess and Maclean inquirysaid Piijlhv was u double-Bégnt--a British spy and 1 in-iriunist agent from youth."Wheat .he was in 'Washin§~ton. Philby learned of theinvestigations which might leadto Maclean being exposed. Heiiiimedlaieiy alerted the SovietEl'li|J3SS_V in Washington. whopassed the warning to Macieanvia their embassy in London."The Daily Express could notprint this at the time. Philbywas protected not only by hisEstablishment friends but bythe British lows 02 llbd. "ll
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Kirnj_Phi1by, begins
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6 1
HAROLD A.R. PHILBS
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< But it is now becoming
-debatable which is the-iruitier melodrama: the-James Bondish career ot_Phiibyz the infamous traitor.rhimaeit, or the recent niob-iting, counter-espionage andCIA etrategles throughoutFleet Btreet and the back{rooms or British publishert._- - The contestants in the raceto reveal " the truth about Kim92Pi'l-iiby. dblible agent" nee theoover or Mr. Cooxridgeli boo?-_ml.loii be dealt with as they ome.--not in Irom the cold. but hot"Iron: th¢,pre.5se:,
Just in case anyone is .|, little
out or-touch, the bald factsare: that Harold " Kim "
Phi-lby Westminster and Cam-bridge. now residing in Mos-cow! on behalf oi the Soviet~Unlon, in.sinua»ted himselt intoour Been-at Service.
"He I-Imost became chief-andfor 34 years kept ihc Russians
generously informed or our vitalstatistics. -
I I. .. 1|
! ., Matted
.' P6l"llB-pg Mr. Cookridge'.s don-eier would more aoczuravely be.,entii»led The Three Men. for-it is an much 9-bout Guy Bur-
zeee and Donald Maclean noabout their old chum and men-tor Phiiby.
- But or course the UniicilvTrinity," as he calls them, 92i'cr:~
so matted together in deceitand dereliction that the storycould not iaithiulv be toldwith any other em. asin. It ill bv now ll-I fairly fam-_i1in_r terrain, but thin is not _ The agrant homosemotiti. -the misfortune 01' being mixed kind could. do it again, _ '- I -"_' '-""" ''_ -- .. I
'92"" J' r92,§. '
5
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iiietowoen compiledfrom nsewa r cuttings.Mr. Cooge begining hi; boo-k 12 years ago whenPhilby was exonerated by thehighest authority from oom-plicity in the scandal at theother two.
Without claiming any explo-sive intimate knowledge I
was Philby's Fag or TheSoy I Played Squash With"!.he has, from his vantage pointas a political and lobby corres-
pendent. constructed an unsan-sationai and clarlrying narra-tive oi this sensational and
muddy episode.
What continues to amaze Lsthat two committed Commu-
nists lFh.llby and Burgess! andone feeble fellow travelleri'Maclean! were able to pene-trate so efiortlesslg. and sodeeply. into our t eoreticailyinvulnerable security enclaves.The explanation or thisbizarre feat -- which mostthriller writers would hithertohive rejected as too prepos-
terounly unconvincing-is, onefears. that stale. but resilient
poi-er in the land. the old-boyne-twork.
Wilhin the basiione oi t-hemutual aid and st-ifprot-ection.
preserved by the distortedloyarirty of sohool and class enli-darity. the oolispirotoae our-~+~vivocl and oiirislmed.
*--..-»_* .-o""ii ~*-""?"";T-.T=" " -'7?" :£#;_?1""' :'_'- 33;-5._t~;§v;...5T.$.;-}<;$eJ*r1;.~ CT.~.-' ,-_,-.- 92.-»-nlothoilinn-|, inittabiiiity tndseedy diubiwneas v-hicih lhouicihavegottheznuhtheboonwere
discreet!-y ignored.
Have there ever been three
such wildily suspect oh-renters?B1lI'§¬8S. in his wt with itscamp interior decoration oiUnion Jack curtains andcushions littered with thedebris or his nightly queero-rg.ie.s.
Meclean, the Foreign Oilloeotcial, clenionically drunk.hyoterimlly bi-ewling in publicaixd breaking up rumiture.
llcfemied
Philby, denounced by theUS. Intelligence and RBI, yetstill saved by E6tibii$i'i!'I1EIl'Gfriend-s.
It is healthy to be remindedhere how Pinilby trilmigho.ntiyrode t-he aotusation t at hehad tipped-oi! his hair orunderlings to y the coop.Even after being named byColonel Marcus Lipton in theHouse. he was. innocent!-Y but
stupidly. defended by dimm-pions on both sides.
"Altogether." writes Mr.
Cook:-idge, "Philby came outof this debs/te extremely welil. A men who had given eminent
service to his country had had5i - 92
1
.-.3 . - A - .0 cysiv-4-F
11p Irith 1. :-cecal h Buigeiui.-. . rho; be won!-us ncondtrial. even more oonclulivelythan the secret trial staged byM15. - '-1"
Mr. Harold told
ggilbworld ntmg4I5_1'3§rdg ' was K _mg -In,,tru{.-.'¥1ad caneied out. hie duties
¬0Tl8Cg!t1I;-_i0HSiy ;nyd_:Lney_~er§_;be- FBI! 18 0011!! - _""_
All got aw wit "it.'__l-Hera Iasliion Toagustgw, 11790they went. .;_ -iv,
nn?.al::rgiss'lu: ?§ifim§ii§§e% tie.is dead. Maclenn. divorced; is:
on the bottle I-nd in I. drab
translator; job. A
Pliilby, c0mpOtld'id:l-Illsavoury tangle, h-as irn,a.r.riedMnolea.-nit ex-wire andO»£|.rc-"°i§° Sf<i"¬. ¬éL fg,-n ii-it . W un motigl out or illlil,-§§h0'Wcan e Demon-el em: im-happlnese oi thin.-_trio. beequated with 1ihe¢lmmeuur-able consequences or-itheir
'de¢8-d-es of treachery! ;i -
When intorviewadwii twonion-the ago about hie under-cover life is 1 Soviet q>;v.Phliby said: I would do itBrain tomorrow."The only useful hopq'1I'the.tthe lesson has been learnedand that the gentlemeniy dayshave gone when Philtry and his
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1.mus: nuusnr *, -L?Tn}-2 Fonxzler ommn: whri-IMsllrgrs 8:55-rglsesfe Ar?HDIQEQIQDCB - . . GVBPYODB 381168it will be a work on PT0P8gnda.'
Nevertheless the Grove Primin America has just announcedvhai: _ they have bought theAmerican magazine and bookr1'g'h-ts mp the memoirs of KimPhilby. They wiil be published?under the time My Secret. W§.r.,Grove have bought the rig11t.s=for more than £20,000 tramParis Match the French maga-zine which acquired the world-right from Philby in Moscow. _-Whether British publishers,will be able to resist the pres-sure now remains to be seen. I
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Author: -
Editor:
Character: R
or
Cluuslcutioni
Submltllnq Office: London0*!
Evening Standard"_ London, England
-mm H. A. R. PHILBY
.Q5 é $7 »= . - --:2 ,.
W ' 167 F68 19 rseia - .A 92i92Td '1 "T L E] Being lnvesilqulod
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O1 - By newer nlwirom. K.! .
crican book and magazine
hts to the memoirs ol'_l;l__A.rGrove Press has obtained they
vim ' . 1
r__h,y, the former British coun- inr ' rig
Pl!
nr AIl92 rt r92 lfn an to-t..="r92.t.|-igt,-¥'l92..¬ Ganiuiat '927r'uu"ispied for the Soviet Union ii
ii Fred Jordan, vice presidentof Grove Press. said yesterday
that the Philby memoirs would
the published in May or JunenoF. . . . . _ ___
The Philbv manuscript was!
offered to THE"'Stlnday Timesl
of London late last year. hut
the newspaper turned it down,
fearing possible prosecution;er the British Government's
Br ish Government had re-uI
" Wa
hid
'lish
Per
denliund
r"er the title My Secret?
Grove Press, in acquiring the.
85.000-word manuscript, out-y
several other major pub-=
ing houses, according to
ry H. Knowlton, vice prcsi
t of Collins-Knowlton-Wing,
the literary agency that han-
dled the American rights for thesuppress the
for the rele
Helcn Kroge
Russian spies
year terms inicqeo an informal suggestioby Mr. Philbv that he would;
oolr in exchange,
e of Peter and u!'fTicial Secrets Act. Earlienthe
,..
two convicted
now serving1
book. Neither Mr. Jordan norj
Mr. Knowlton disclosed the
amount of the bid, but other
Publishing sources said it was
more than $50,000. =
'l'l1eGrove Press bid covers,
paperback rights as well ashardcover editions and m:|_':a-I
_zine serialization. Excerpts.
from the forthcoming bonl: will
nppear in the April and Mayissues of the liver,"-"eon P.cview,;
an avant-rarde literary mega-=lzine published by Grove Press,l Paris-Match, the French mar,-'
gazine, which acquired world.I'ig]:1L$ for. the""b00l directly
Mr. Phiiby, is unders od
ave expected to get at ast
.w0ror.u1e American uu-'on rights. 'I'he.deal' ithl
Philby was concluded
earlier this month by Jean-Paul
Oliver, editor of Paris-Match,
who subsequently asked Mr.l
Knowlton to offer the book to'
American publishers. ,
We ere convinced that this;
is the spy story of the century."_
Mr. Jordan said in an interview.
yesterday. There are so many!books being written about Mnf-fr
£0
5.
lic
Mr
Phiiby that we think it's im-
portant that somebody should
print his own story."
The memoirs, Mr. Jordan
said, offer anhaccount of the30 years Mr-..gll1ilby served asa key official Britain's intel-
ligence network while acting as
a Soviet undercover agent. But
~he declined ?-=-iiaaany details
in the book,
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Times Herald
The Washington Daily News _i_
The Evening Star Washington! __.
The Sunday Star Washington! ..._.....
Daily News {New rend
Sunday News New York!
New York Post __________7"i._,
The New York Times
The Sun Baltimore! -~
The Worker
The New Leader
The Wall Street journal
The National Observer
People's WorldMoi-it ._.__~.-----
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The M
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married.
Eleanor Philby lived the im-
possible aa the wife of the
most remarkable double
agent in the history oi es io-cgage Unknown to her Elmhilo not only headed tlieSBCll0n of the British
Secret Intelligence Service,
but also served as a Russian
spy, informing the Commu-nistsoi Britaink most vital and
secret moves. Read the sen-
sational story of an American
womans life with "the" top
._-4 »nt. __
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The Sunday Star Washington; __i
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5 "d3&' N¢W592'ew York!
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The New York Times
The Sun Baltimore! _
The Worker
The New Lcgdgr
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i _ fi I- "4 H, ' r ilhy ?b0*dk5f1tli%mI1i3ii;if1@ ii i:%¬:"RgRLD-WIDE A success ls N 3!:-_- 2. '1
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London, England
i _.-..__ , _ The three authors- Bfin 92no rtain for Phllby. U18 Page, David Leitch and Phil! 'i
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