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washin¢ton-- -0'-'1 ----Gonstan Reader nolitely snarls; ou're so damne<i ['-
Belmont
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Mr. Nense_.__
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self-centered, always bellowing awa with your own bigoted, out-of-date idea:
that you never give yourself time to sten to what others have to say."
well, here's a copy of a letter hi landed in the White House and sent
to the Cap Stuff mailbag, It was sent by N.Y. State Republican Watson.Washburn, a distinguished lawyer who supportedPEisenhower to the hilt
both his white House campaigns. He wrote the - esident:
ll
Truman Administrations was the degradation of the U Supreme Court, The
people confidently expected you to rectify this shameful situation. I hope
you are as shocked as they certainly are by your calamitous failure-One of the most shocking indecenies Perpet:atedShE>the Roosevelt-in
92
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Your
appointee as Chief Justice quickly and permanently allied himself with.the
two left wing_extremists, Black and Douglas. In 1952, it seemed impossible
that the court could sink any lower in the estimation of lawyers and laymen;
but since you took office it has done so. What is most alarming is that it
has become increasingly bold week by week in giving aid and comfort to the
"ommunist enemy in our midst. E9 curb the present dictatorial temper of the
court majority it seems that a Constitutional amendment is needed, which woul
. . . ,
deny protection to any person refusing to answer_queati9n§lgegagdiggsghe
participation or membership of any other person in a cons9IHo¥ t%*§id any
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n-It Rev. a-r-as!
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64lJUL 291957i I , Knock out the Warren court's ruling that the Smith.»
ifr
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t J _ . . A COURThe American 'Bar Association lg Londonyesterday, an important Am committee got up -.and kicked the Earl Warre prams Court riihtp
in the teeth. i;j:_" ,- The groupwas the 192BA'sCon1- -
mitten on, Communist Tacties;_jStrategy and S Objectivesgi Chit! -'
man, former Maryland Sen. Her-'
bert R. 0Conor. 4 _-:--f-
0'Co_nor and his_ colleagues e
turned in a detailed report keyed__.'to the proposition that the Warren '
court is imperiling the nation;-by.;
being too concerned about Com"-
munistsi theoretical rights. The
report calls on Congress for legiola;
tion aihilch would simply! wage out_'_,-c w-M» i...$..».°.1é.'%§.. .."§f. 3 F
-1-L, This legislation would: S .4, . *_£_';,'.. If--; '-
' - Keep FBI les condential; _-7 P __ #1 - __- , -'
1" ?_ .Let Congressional committees investigate suspected
" iubversives as freely as they investigate businessmen andlabor leaders; S ' ' l- ' " - "" ;- iU - Allow the Government to re security risks even out *of non-sensitive public jobs; -- - - ~- -'4 -' '1I ' Permit the Justice Department to query _about-to-be-
deported aliens on their connections with Communism;
Act of 1940 allows people to urge the Government's violentovertlrow so long as they dont spell out how it is to beover rown; ~ ~i ' e. " ._ .1
Empower schools, colleges, bar associations, ete., to
deny employment or membership to persons who refuse to
answer questions about past Communist activities. '~ ow er _ _-_ *-
The_0C<;nor]c]omniittee accuses the V_Varrei1 iéobué-t--in !ceremonious ega anguage, u 1 meaning can mis-
I.lIJdl?St0gd-Of setting up d'e¬El1'ié standards its li!'2;l;- ..'?n..?:.:.;%.'.':;;;.*.. f"?"* ? st "ii P l
P rtThe report noses the greatdglga "in them-:1 U. Sipommunilst _a y over these ecisions, an e spe wit which t e lparty is rebuilding, now that it has been saved by the }
_ an-en court from the knockout punch the Justice Depart- - 5, menthadhopedtodealit. *1. rgollrqgcoul th Shag! Jiiglit Ylsgren himself is at 3' e on on mee mg.-Y '3. ._';_=...-, °n_m-Inge 1. .1 _That _fact points up the courage 5I; these lawyers show in turning in this report._ _l_921any of .=rthe1_n will be handling cases 1n_the Supreme Court in flltl.ll'..;A11 of them mustknow that Judges can be and sometimes .
are as humanly vindictive as anybody else. Yet they have "t J .- ormed this public service regardless of the harm itmay do to them personally."-i e _ -_~,»' - s ; ' -i ;§
lo. ' Now that this committee oi the powerful and iniluen-"'
tial American Barakssociation has uttered, it is much to be 7
hoped that Congress many it not most of whose members '
W lawyers! will show similar courage at this session. " 1.
. There is a clear and present danger. as lawyers put
it, that the Warren court will strike down all otour legaldefenses against the criminal Communist conspiracy; ~'= -'"-
1.: The court already has gone much too r along the '_l0l¢1- Qllly Uollkress reverse thisaperiloig-0renI._ g _ _ It iafi__ ... . for to get cracking, :,_?,_-e. .._; at-,k:- ._..: .|_ AV . _ . _ ., .
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Tribune
N. Y. Journal-_____
American
N. Y. MirrorN. Y. Daily rm
N. Y. Times ..._____
Dally Worker _.____.._...__
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1|0- I9 Rev. I-7-56!
. 1
Jurlsts Look at Supreme Qour _ !ii'e_f.!us tLic1.ei_s'.of sréil-5 frihuoohi 4 iO 0
'=-oi -- - .~..-.-. - v
,6 ' Reporteci "Cr:t:c::3::g ,T.-c::sgres$:o::s'
.1 Criticism om la.y_men_ai1d
lawyers conceroipliburecentdecision! -of th "- remeoggg o! the Unita £551
ail lately _.been attracting
much attention, but how do
some oi the Judges throu:h-
out the country ieel about
the highest coitrt? '
i There are not man! ODDO!-
tunities for Judges to discuss
these matters publicly. But
something that occurred the
other day at the conference
for the chler justices or the
highest courts of each oi! the
so States throws a light on
this question. A substantial
number oi the State chi
']ustices favored a resolution
condemnlns in the severest
terms some or the recent de-
cisions oi the Supreme Court
of the United Btatcs.
"'i:'lereistheiuiitcXtoit'ne
resolution oered by Chic!
Justice orman 1'. Arter-of ilhc Supreme Courttndianar .-1.» ._ Be it resolved, that it is
., r opinion that the UnitedStates Supreme Court has
transgressed sound lcsal
principles, and in particular,
usurped tact ndln: func-
tlons in wellinl the evi-
dence in the recent cases oi_
Konigsherg v. State Bar -or
California and schware v.
Board of Bar Examiners 01
the State oi New Mexico .
1 Moreover, the United
States Supreme Court has
encrceched or-on the i"..ri:dlc=
tion oi the State courts in
holding. amon: other things,
that applicants seeking ad-7
mission to the bars oi the
Stats oi California and New
Mexico. in examination as to
[their character and tncsajoat-actice law in those respec-
- ve Ststes.'h1sy refuse to In-' " sti ' colichis eii-Elna 'aE:92i t
their, past connectionsat "-istions in iIrifuii'_':i.l.|_ias_I"
_ Communists and_oom~
an istic organizations. l...
5». We declare the past acts
J~il..l_!_'Q¢.1&§{_,X
1cant! do reect directly upon
their character and tness
and are matters relevant tor
conside_ration._ Whether or
not one who went throuah a
long economic ' depression
should have had the strength
oi character. moral ber andstamina to withstand the
emotional appeals _ Com-
munistl_»as mlt 800d citi-
zens d!dor evlsether as =
weairiing he succumbs to such
Propaganda. is relevant. in
the analysis and determina-
tion of the character of such
individuois. The Uni ted
States Supreme -Court is
wrons "in holdina that such
acts are oi no value in suchdetermination, x ' . . T
"Decisions which are not
founded on sound legs] prin-
ciples or common sense tend
to ilndennine condence in
the ludlcisl system and re-'
spent Ior the courts." "
We iurther state that one
who is unwilling to give freely
all relevant information re?-
carding his history and pint
associstions casts doubts up-
on his moral character and
tness to practive law in any
State of this Union; and such
refusal is a. relevant factor to
be weighed and considered by
a. tact nding body on char-
acter and ilitness. We further
declare that although e
United States Supreme Co
has the authority to x
own standards _o! charac
and *-rin to practice in the
Federal courts we do not rec- "
ozone nor concede thairlt
may do so for the courts or
the several States of this
Union."-_ M" s --
Whilc . almost _a niaiority
tavored immediate adoption,
oi the resolution. there werea number of Justices _who were".
in sympathy with it but felt "
that the subject should awatti
" ¥§P° "Pm 392'=.=.° ii'.Y.-'r-'
i rnouon was mace to ap mg":a committee to report If
to the conference next ti
and the resolution which acthe chic! Justices 81'!
much concerned with wha
tho Szror-...-:'.c "-to-..~"t _ %
United States had ruled;
dscided- by the Supreme
Oourt oi! the United Btli
Ian dissented. In fact. Justice
Harlan, in his lenttily dia-
. sent, wound hp with this ob-
ierzaitionz For _ roe. -toda
acceptable intrusion into Q
matter oi State concern.". J»
Many. Americans oi the
present day do not realise
' that criticism oi the Supreme
Court has been trequentl;
expressed in past history and.
~. that perhaps the most severe
castigation the high court
ever got came from the pen
oi Thomas Jeerson. In a
letter to a friend in 1820,
- he wrote: - i;
, "Having found, from ea-
perience. that impeachment
is an" impracticable thing, a
mere scare-crow, they con-p
sider themselves secure tog
lite; they skull: i'rorn T689057
. siialiity to public opinion. .-.-
An opinion is huddled up
. conciave, perhaps by.a in
lorlt! oi one, delivered as
unanimous, and with th
lent acquiescence of
fir-.111 sssosistes, hype c f
chief Judge, who sop _
-' cstes the law to his ll;
bytheturnothisownreae
soning." . i .. _<
llhnlodilctiah Riahta I-leer!!!!If -w
"éi.2.75Z.§-J.I 1401' RECORDED
Hliaui s. 1952.
__* 2 F '-if E:-"_. .. go!
As for the decision in thil
Konigsberi case to which;
reference was made, this was,
phyla 8-to-3 vote. Justic
Frankrurter. Clark and Har-
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Q3;--URITY crxoss or corcnzss, THE FBI nun GOVERNMENT M AGENCIES. ,92 . . . L * I . _ - _,. - ~ ; -L," .s nossnt noanxs SAID THE COURT ~ A " 1 s ACTION IN THE cast or LABOR ,LADER JOHN T wnrxxu 92R -J-*-THE srusrz INTERNAL szcunxrv suaconu1r1zs's curs; couws LI §§R%§¥E;&A_ SEC nuaxsronnv wxrn AGGRESSIVE ACTIVITY" raar rngzarsu
. . s was AN UNBRIDLED zrrohr BY THE Jun1c1anx7 §¥'*#* *I<T0 nova xwro THE LEGISLATURE -' - - s - »s~ A * M s nomnxu . . ._ 92»;F-s:_|§ as Rzrznnzn TO run couRT's nzvznssi or THE couvrcrxou or THE wFsrs- »5jMIDWEST LABOR LEADER FOR CONTEMPT or coucnsss. wafxxus nan nrruszn 1~QFTO TELL THE HOUSE UN-AHERICKN
, V s. mu: counr RULED Tsar-wnrK1us'*' 1"rsxvncv nan BEEN VIOLATED IN AACTIVITIES COMMITTEE THE NAMES or-I -s ' PERSONS HE I- NEH to as comuuzsr .
_ , CONGRESSIONAL EFFORT at :xPosun:;:,;,,- ;ron :xPosun£'s'sAx:. A _ I -'~ -.,a'
1. SPEECH on A NEH;,HAMTI-communist TELEVISION PROGRAM CALLED ZERO-1960! on STATION y 2.UATV xu uzwanx, THE PROGRAM 1s SPONSORED BY THE BLUE ARMY or oua ':'m. >LADY or FATIMA, A RELIGIOUS novznzur con -P H. r -MORRIS TOOK xssuz wxrn Ti: couRr's'RuL1uc x'a ' " »"?"'*
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Curbmg Hlgh Courtiy;-..
_-' Senator Jenner, Republican. prgcuoeg 0! agencleS in the ex-f
yesterday to strip t lwlth A sitiproval of Congress . F"
§.ourt of the right to heal ap- 40 deg with probleehs of gub-IEKTYM 055% invblving State in' niche Auéellm rt-ilI;1' Rf 2; P1_u-'pu'a.ee, hlncttone hid. 1/
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orFedera.I'ohargea at sbver-- - I'92 1 } 92 '4 ' 1 sion, or contempt ot Con1:resa.;'m°'1'°- 7 5 1 " .-
_ "L will introduce 1egi.s'lat.lon_ _ =gnmeeilately to. remove the Su- ll ulatlons estaglished lg the lee-C m-g 13 1;; 5- 55.. 1at,u1-95 9,11 execu ve lien-92,ol§$n 1:1 _t-lie Em.-. lulu/lm or the several Bt§w=+I=_d¢I-1peeve."-he me m a speech de- wlth nroblema of ~5ub?'1"=1<m-ngmmm thg many within thlf bO1'dCl'I. L '7' H3 - ' -n.r.~- ; -.- 1 _- 4_Ru1 no pted byF"! be e we to wnelder qbbatda toeidealawlth prob _m or .. "5hqaeedlly, l£aacldod.'~'
Senate: Jenner Bald 5115.11 W1 15. Rules ol state cburts_andptep would be 'const1tutldna.l. State b0at"d8o'l"baf E1uir:£lnerl_92ii: quoted Article a o__I the Con- overnine me" gdmleeiqh ==z,¢1:- AEgtution that the-Supreme an; '
wart shell heie ' enP°11%[email protected] Senetiar -Je'n_ner eeld l'§,e.wesJurisdiction. both as to law and] prgposmg mg, 1eglslat1on_be
fact. with such exceDU°l'1-'1 9-5'eauee he believes the couit .
under such rezulatlons no the u.tn:lermlnlng eort.s of-l '
oxmresa shill make."
_'I"he Indiana Senator said that the national and State levels .bé reads -these words. they _ll oneress that lt haa Il.1l1,inistplot." '. ~ ' . -. ~
unohallengeable power to pew
laws immediately which would!
deprive the Supreme Court 01';
appellate jurisdiction. both an
to law and tact," in "cases Inth n 11-1 = -' e.__.eee- _.e__e. _- 1
4 , .1 1. Cases lhvolvlng purposes
;; ',. Junctions, and practices or con-]* gresslonal committees. lnolud-._.ling punishments for contempt;3. All laws and executive x'¢I'- '
eubvepslon among teech~en;_.P.' i
tothe practice oi law, .
lpeoplem ;-epresentatlvea at bot ;
meet and master "the Comm
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_ __ 0yJu3:¢iaI_Fam:Iy Rift One of the more serious crit tisms '3
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if the upreme Court: performtnce ll Iiits-recent session has come from the --'
chief justices iof the States-4|. group
xfhieh cen hardly be accused of partisan "or sectional carping. -_' -nu: ft; lg";--- .=.T-5 Ivieetini in New fork i, few diy*§'.'Ie , _tne_ .surg_e chief justices reqsed ;r_£21: concern over the is-end o '1
mm decisions in matters bearing upon .
the relations between the States and the '
kdersi esteluishrnent. In ,,';ert!cu1=.r, ,5:
the State Judicial officers were per-7-'~
tarbed by two 8uprem_e.. Court rulings
hich reversed the highest courts of
liew Mexico end California in cases in-
volving the ehglhiiity of epp1l@l! to
ractice isw in those States. The ques-
tion was reierredftot a. committee com-
posed of the chief justices of Maine,-
Massachusetts, Arizona, South Carolina,
Jfuerto Rico, Ohio and Wisconsin. This
committee, in turn, proposed that the ,
conference state its ". . . profound con-
cern for the retention andexercise of
the constitutional powers of State gov- '
pointment of e. special committee tn
earamlne the role of the Judiciary salt ,_
aifects the distribution of powers he- '
tween the states and the Federal Gov- r
ernment . . ." Thirty-two of the 42 chief
jjisticee present imiorse this proposal. if
1 Criticism of this sortucomlng from.-
dhief justices representing all sections-
df the country, is not something to he
-lirushed aside. For the highest judicial;
ofcers oi the States would not indulgef
lightly or capricious]! in criticism of the",
highest judicial oicere-of the Fedelil-lai.
qstem. The report of this lpellll
iiiittee, if it follows the line of
ion at the nee Ymk ieetini, ma? weirqrercise a. su§sta.nt.is.l_restx;s,ir92ing 11_ii13§
ce on the tendency ofthe Supreme;$11 to Whittle doufn, in decision after ;cision; the"'_I>owers which. hi-df _". nnaht Q 395155 in an 5951;. *"'
' hi-with ii;-.-. __,». "ernments," and recommended the ap-hie ._i..._..___.____,_i_ , _,___
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5; eon, RUTH AL£_X_ANDi_Ei!In I was saying last Sundag,our department of deiense a -
vised our Senate subcommittee
on Internal Security, May 8,
I
' 1
Di.tionf it could not meet thethat undezr existing legisla-
complex security robiems-ariaing in the vital ageaa ot public
utilities and communicatlom,
which are manned by employeeat private comsaniea, such asthe Western nion and the
Radio Corporedou oi! lLrne!'lco-,RcA_:___ ,__.j . Zr: .1.
, In case oi war or the immi-
nenee oi! war, these elds are a
nturai for espionage and sabo-
tage, and we should "tremble in
our boots at what a lew per-
sona "disposed" to commit
these acts could do to us over-
_night__ " _'» _ .1 ".
On June 26. in response to the
information trom our Deiense.
-Department, this Senate aub-
eomrnittee, under Sen. Roman
-»l-Lruskta and counsel judge Rob-Eert Morris, attempted to gues-htion - two emplo ea at CA,previously identllfed under oath;
as Communists, and member: oi
the American Communications
Aasociationl, ACA, a trade
union bar aiming a ént, whichgwu kickeei out 0: cl.» czo :01--! alleged Communist leadership.
-in-naturnlorSenatoi'la1po-llteneal, the committee got ctrla "' °?*::.%'??Tf I;- 39?? *° F" "ii; The Supreme Cou Aids 1
.,.._-___--
o'pe1-ation It ran straightinto. the road blocks set tag by
the_Supreme Court in its uni
11 rulings. The witnesses droned
out the monotonous and im-
pertinent reply I decline to an-_
swer ior some 22 pages 0!
testimony at taxpayers expense.
And the Senate was powerlessto compel them to rely. Theywere advised by the hare:that they were completely th- '
in their consti utional right!
when they invoked protection
at me first amendment, as tn-
terpreted by the Supreme Court. »
Since thelpassage of the 'Amendment in 1791, legalAmericana have interpret it
as liberty under law, not anar-
chy, and rarely "has it been
abuseil. But since the successful '
revolution in Russia in 1917, we
have witnessed the slow growth
ot a new kind oi citi2'en-dia-
loyal Americans. .._. ; Q;
.- ~0_-._,_,-_.
OUR GONGTIESS met
threat, which, had not '3-afml-
teriaiized but remains "rean-atant potential in the back- "
ground oi! our lives, by 'Passa.ge
oi the highly pertinent Smith
Act, which declared that the-Q
advocacy oi such treason wasitself :_g'ixne. Nowalong comet _the ii ai' Supneme Court and,knock: the smith Act himl I
U 5"-"-M-Q :a:n-sis-Q-.11... :at._b-if
7
{AAUG 19571Q-
Nichols
/ ardman@ Eflmont
iioh:
Parson: ...;_
HDIIII ii-ii
Tatum __i_
Trotter __.?...
Neon ___._
Tale. Room .........._
I-iolloman .i__
Gandy _...__...i
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141 AUG 'b 1957."
Wash. Post and
Times Herald
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Tribune
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N. Y. Daily News _...___.
N. Y. Times '
Daily Worker
The Worker
New Leader i_____
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1"' -Z1. F-!.AI: . |_|.en.ne r onys 92..nLli'.I;i1;92id§ Red Coulis
decisions 01 the men
have "utterly ahoeketfthis Ne-92
tion" because they "interfere.
with the country: internal se-
Cllriiii. ' . ' . - '|.
~ That, he said yesterday. is
why he hat introduced leglsls-,
uon to strip the Court or the
right to hear appeals or eases
ix1volvin¢_8tat.e or Federal
ehariei at i-ubversiori, er -:m=
tempt oi Conn-ens. I - _ 1 -
_ In a radio-TV interview on.
NBC's Meet the Press, Senator}
Jenner said he doesn't wanriaoj
"curb or handicap the oourb.".r
1-Igwevgr, he said, the high
court has zone "ra:np'ent" and-
iluu "done more to help the
gcommuniat cause in this Na»
'tion than anything that has
-hundred in the lest QUEER
[a ceh_t u:y.'_' . . _ -_ . - Jr
//1
IiiTolaon./92E§,l}?l_ , , Iuarumun g~ ' J Mob:
Parlors: __._.._._
Roan ____.._
Team! _____=_
Truth! ____._.._
Neaae _.._.._._.
Tale. Room .___
Hollomcn ____._
Gondy __..__.._._
In
;/-/./j/2'= 14: me amerma n l - 3
Senator Jenipj Republican .
o! Indiana, aayrupreme 6onrt|'~
Ii
- 1re -r
92
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N, Y. Times
Daily Worker
The Worker .__;__.
New Leader .._..__.__.._.
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premé Court Critics |0*,-' Msrylanfrtonner Governo l d . n iBynator, Herbert G'Conor, is chair n . a ,man AmR Gwm-1:mittee with a mouth-filling name-thel
Cgmmittee on_._Cornmunist__Egg_t1.cs,.
B es. This commit-1tee, with the approval oi the ABA mem-
bers, if their applause is a trustworthy
guide, now has joined the Chief Justices
of the States in criticismoi the line that
t rt has taken in someof its recent decisions. - - _ 1; 1 Q ,
4 _ ' This criticism has nothing to do with
fsuch emotion.-charged. rulings as the
court's school desegregsiion decision.
;Nor does it_ fall into the category of
intemperate name-calling. _It is, instead,
expression ofgconcern by competent
and responsible jnen who think that
the court, in its zeal to safeguard theo-
retical individual rights,"_- may have
made it impossible for our Government
to carry out "the rst law of manmd~|
the right of, self-preservation 9
-T-;. What this comes down to, as we
understand it, is a clash of opinion with
respect to the gravity oi the threat
oi Communist subversion. In its-. origine.l
Smith _Act decision tecourt held that
the Communist cons iracy was a "clear,,and, present danger: to our national,security. But with "changing times and-J58 ghange in judges, this position ap-.pare-ntiy has been abandoned. As of to-E
iday, the court does not appear 1'0 think
that communism poses much of a threat
to this country, andits_ recent decisions
hgvegmade it dtl_!lcult_ __1!;no,t iqpossiq
_f the Department of-Justice and co 5-
-ssional committees to pursue th
w it of prosecution and exposure f00'
Tolson .._...._...._.._
Nichole e_..___.
Boordmon ___.
Belmont ..__.__.
Mohr
Parsons _._..___
Boson ._.___.
Tomm _.__..U Trotter iz
Noon _._____..
" " Tele. Room _.__..1 Y! Hollomon .____.92 - I 9292
-I--1-92 . ,_ ,.._._ ..- _._,_.-ee,I1 Mr. 0Conors committee and, toole er extent, the Chief,,Tustlees oi t Q;|B tes, dissent. They say they are J .
anxious as .is__the Supreme Court _
seregtzerd individual rights. But they{contend that this can be done , and
should be done without crippling the
power of ,the States and the legislative
and executive branches of the Federal
Government to protect .t1'1.e country
_"against Communist inltration and
-aggression." Z. - - , e _-
I The debate on this point frequently
tenters on the Supreme Court's decision
in the {encks cgie, and we think it is
ivory much ta the point. In that ruling
the court majority held that a defendant
Iln a criminal case, under circufmstances
which were not"spe1ied out with sui-'latent clarity, was entitled to examine
the con§g'§n§13,1 jgs gj mg E51. This}
decision expressly disapproved the préki-"'tree of permittigig the trial iudge to ex.
amine the nles to ascertain what mate- tial was pertinent to the defendant:
92-$33 and letting him errarnine that-but
nly that-material. p , _ '" ; '
; For our part, are do not see why a i
ederai trial judge cannot hetrusted to
- ake available _to a defendant all of
. e ooniidentim repormin a rile t-hat are"
relevant to his defense and that "ho
therefore is en-titled to see. This would
safeguard the rights oi an accused per-',
fson andalso prevent shing expeditions
through the confidential tiles," whitilr
could destroy the eectiyeness oi.rat; -.15 '. " =-'>*'~:_'»1.;-
i':"'_"I'he Iencks ease is one of some 15' 'ul.ings whic_h_ha1{e evoked the eurrent[criticism of the court. This responsib
ticisin, in our opinion, is a healFol. and we hope it will lead to 'co,9
E! // W/""".P I
GIIRUE 1 I ?
92
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Wash. Post and ______
Times Herold
Wash. NewsWash. Std: E
N. Y. Herold ..__._______
Tribune
N. Y. Journal-.%h._.
American
N. Y. Mirror ._.._...__.__..
N. Y. Duiiy News ._..__
N. Y. Times
Daily Worker _..._____..__
The Worker __.___..__..___
New Leader .__._..___._
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52 OCT 15195av
0¢.;az.m>'I : Mars '5 iormer. Governor, anti
Senator, Herbert 0'Conor, is chairman
or an American Bar Association ,Oom-
mittee with a 'rnouth-ni1ing- name-thc
Committee on. Communist , Tactics,
strategy and Objectives. This commit-AI tee, with the approval oi the ABA rnem-'
-. bers, it their applause is a trustworthy
guide, now has joined the Chief Justices
of the States in criticism of the line that
the Supreme Court has taken in some
wits recent decisions. '- - _,,
f-ii This criticism has nothing to do with
Silih emotion-charged. rulings as thecourts_ school desegregation decision.
Nor does it fail into the category oi -
intemperate name~cailhig. it is, irstesc, _ eipressionn of concern by competent '
and responsible inch who think that *
the court, in its zeaio safeguard theo-A
retical individual rights, may have '
made it inipossibieior our Government
to carry out the rst law or mankind-~
the right of se1,1'-preservation", -
' What this comes down to, as we
uknclerstanid it, is a clash of opinioiwith 1,respect to the gravity oi the threat 1:
or Communist subversion. In its orieinai;
Smith Act decision the court held that-
the Communist conspiracy was a "eiea1:-.
and present 'd.anger_' to our nationhf
gecuritgi. .B_ut with changing times and-
; phenge Judge-_-_i, this position ep-,patently has been abandoned. As oi to-L
day, the court does not appear to think
that communism poses much oi a threat.ito this country, and its recent decisilhs,
§ha.ve"made it difcuit gr; not mipqimiq.
Qtor the Department or Justice a Gone?- committees to pur their;or}: oi prosecution and e ;92/, _-
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NOT 125535020
141 OCT 151957;
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Wash. Star _
N. Y. Herold __._._._
Tribune
N. Y. Journal-.______
American
N. Y. Mirror U
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Bin a criminal case, under circumstance: I--gfwhich were not spelled out with mi!!-
Lcient clarity, was entitled to examine éFthe condential les of the FBI. This
.'-_-y_. - 'ff
-
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.4 '
W Mr 0'c65EEé?>aii=unee'vai1a,' to 1.lesser x ent th ie as-qg-an lte-.tes,ed§sser;t. Frfé ire1&8 anxious as -isf the Supreme Court to;
safeguard individual rights. Hut they?
contend that this92 can be done and.-
should be done without crippling the
power or the Btgtes end the legislative
and executive brqnches of 'the Federa,l-"-
Government to protect the country
"against Communist inltration and
aggression. .e » - -- -l P:
W _e The debate on thie point frequently -
centers on the Supreme Court's decision
in the Jencks case, arid we think it is
very much .tb the point. .In that ruling
the court majority held that a defendant
decision expressly disapproved the pracé F
tice oi pennitting the trial -judge to ex-
'ria.1 was pertinent to the defendant:
case and letting him examine that-but '
only that--material. ', L
For our part, we do not see why a.
~':FedereI triei-j1;1dg'e'ce.nziot be 'trusted ta ~
~_make available] to a. defendant _e.1_l _oi[ '
Ythe condential reports in a file that are
're1ev'ant~ to his defense and that he -T¥therefore is etitled toisée. This would
safeguard the rlghtsoi an accused 'ner'-
son and also prevent shing expeditions
through the condential dies, which» '
could destroy the eectiveness of the *1;
rel. _. ;. i t -The Jenctks case is one of some 15%
rulings which hove evoked the current!
criticism or the court. This responsible?
jerlticlsm, in our opinion, 1| I healthy!
thing, end we hope it wi11_lea.d_to cork:rective action-ei_th_er by the court itself?
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|'.'- >1- . » .1.I ' __ ._,141AUG lo I957 '..'4";Z-;T.<:..|.1."- .-»-.-.-. --..'.,'--;- 3 hie '- -'3. ' "":- "- "-.--- ,.*-...?@-_ 4.! ;...._?:-i.:.- -.--;§::_4-4'. _._ . - -"=~- - .' Ff - -3- I .--o' ' 4.9.-.-=.-="§'.1 1;;- ..'».- '.*~.~-- =1 I ?*~ - e --,' 4qr g _ .5. .-7' ,v~»v__, {:..:_, - _§_ 1-.."§'§;> ',.-1-F. --_~,__ -;.»*_-._,-;--- _.-.4{J;arwm %$$e ., - :1" - .1.-f..a.;-*-I -?.§_»Y_ . -,2? Mir» > -- ; -.;-.,kl 1-... ,!.;:r_.,'-1-_,; .-._~ £_.h,_-3 :-var.! 92_v ,_if. .;_»»-3 ;-.;;§,§§1;*-;...~*;,*i§I:I?-*--.-:55-:Z'% i~. "_ I e I ' ' '- I .' - 1: '." I393 92.-gf;i"'i$§'§17*-._,-1 .;_>':_ I"A N; I, 6':'er?5-.*.--.Tf'~"..-"~Iv --¢~"1} -l." i - ii: er-» - - -. 7555;.-ee=i'c*:a.*-.f%-Zcgifr4 -1. -E ,?,;J; I'- <"..¢-_.. -. _;--_ . .~.. = _. 92 -p_92,_ _f. j '__ - L :~-- ' ..,--_i -.2 . -1. ..-*:jF,»,_¢$. . ,§_q_;_{A FY r - - ., . Ic..' rm , ;,. ..;, -
92 "..° 9.11/. I1
1.--,"-1' re 15> ' .. '-yy ..-_ _ ' __ . 1
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: -£"a-'»='.1=3.'-~-'~'.§§S . 5 -- .;;:.- >.1. I ¢- .q..,__F,_ .11.;-I _,-if __.l_;._ ._
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@;-.-'¢7~¬k:é"l,%1-._.ii-1'. .-_'92 <>'w<.";i"". F : = "'-§:~"-_.£1_-' " - .- .- -Q -'= ,.,'c. -1:». *
r
Is.; .<. *r;:=~= fiiiwl .:'~*;,,,,' - . .....*-=1-.I==I.=»'I=Iw II» . ..I i.;."§%= "=*¥£~14-r--vi:-13:. " 4" 9'. .-% ggr I'M." "" !l-Q9. .°°. , A3,,-_ .. _ __. ' -- _ |.~: v- -J. Ly. ,..~..92__. F , _' lye};-:A"i: . . _ __ - ,1? 92 3: , _ _ A _ _ 9*! _s, ' ..~r 1 -3 .v_ __-, 4,. Q, , E» ... AH : _ K f - ..-_ .l>»'i';f?;;§_Al __ _ _ " F ~._,uu¢v:¢e=:- flllllrpbr "-
-Fl some P1059-"Y l!¢.1I'}_0' school
ll till Nb HI. ll.-ll-OI ' -' _. l ._ I muchille
-- . W 3"?! Mud while "In-
umz-. in a as
stood ons is soother _l_ns1.ber
' :',=?{='.-.-_§=-",",-T" I-F?-'>;i.:?. =-
The .princ|p_e1 ressozii 92?vhy'fi._his
-I e question without 92-
ui_ci:__snswersreti_ese:,._l, 'iheicwes92- - t_l.le_equelrighi:s bill o1_rel' which
Slll-l1'l_lI'l contending ere rooted
an judld process, end theretori
esmeedin: d.tl_'eult in I!!! 17 tprvport
hcrlns mn~lc92Y=Il will understand.
2.';'ne American people hsvs been
conditioned to er. thgt _thettggugizigtw . 1-en .
scribes for itsell and cannjuricdiciioh ol
I 1 92 .
-./.'*..'T _._V
' ._4"'-_£~-GK ds in whatever
duced mum; viemung
. "__.. J 1 - e .
.': n _ H - :1; 5 I .5l.1tll§._§O§,, . Q 1,.-if 9292, 1'? 4s 92. 1 Psrt Ill
.; u me.'m-nmséeu 1|
doubttul whether £l:ere__ls gen
er-ill understanding oi _t!u' legal
. objections that weresn lmbcrunt
. cause ot Hie rejection bt Part III in
ithe equal rights bill. Though these
92o_bJect1on_s were exhaustively stated
Q the: Senate debate, end reported
st great length in .th_e press, _they
are lard going for the jsy chroni-
cler _s.nd the lsyireoder. Part III
.gs.ve'i.h_e Attorney General somer-
Iityto invoke, in the na.me_'o!'i:he
it-Tll_.Q£l sates for %sny_e1uzeu} the
i judicial process of_ injuncizimi in rs-
eisl desegregation matter; whether
°.1"n.°.'F *1 ii-M?! Weill J? W" Also it empowered liim to apply
for l_n{u.n_ci:ion before the tect or vi-
olation -on tile";-round-i.hs_t it srus
92 "intended." And it Federal
courts the entwcemcnt snn or their
1njun_cuon's in these peas, ,
, _,_!'i1_ese_1e_gs.1innov§llosIs,a£tertlselrhistoryI 1'l'k°ml-m?! nil."_.-Fblown the mun -"*5 '-
~stc_te_or mam ensigg of so
I1.9II-i M4 .°9III~== l¢.'==I>"i1ii> oo92mler_'lonis recent declslms by
legisls as it powct -tos¢,.mii";> tbrldle the courifs ae-
pellste jurisdiction, Bilt the move-
ment does ll0t_"vlo1l-i-I, B10 busti-
tution, either inlsttsr or in spirit. ss
some -who l;sve_crii.icize¢ ii; appen-
1flo,hl1h9i. ~.:'-'-f '3"-.','-. I'»-"-;-C-;:'_ | -;' ' ".Y~$"%§,_3}- ,, ,~ , J... .*92. -. »- _, ,k v£Ir~m:<f1:=:u:svs¢Ic:¢. ,mt-4: .-'I ,4: - - QQQI - ~=.. .». uric =% ' "i;:.sI:,;*r:;:-mm-e
1 '- i- .->~-~' ".'-" -.- "~ . _;,92s ..;~.- .- -. ill II "H-.'L
l iv1,- -. 1' I-g . r - 1on - .- ». . K _-~.s.- , -I-W _,.
_ .m- .1 _--; kl.
"'51," _|:-"-'-"-. ' am....
'edcuuser1 is -fuels-. "
"II"!wlvinr contempt .ni.¢¢msre.n. "
>-
.-'!heB_up1-eme Court melt. since
-or congress toslilu sreeoi'lt_s
}sppenu.u j1_u-lsdlctlon- rm authority#lllspeci1'1csily" given in Section 2,
Lrt.i.eleIII_,otthethe .tnditions.l '15:-oceduri jet the
urt wseto cxcrdse lb funciilon
wheretctsntongresshsd
rred it. "l|q_e precedent wss
in Wiaoartnaschy
sencs of G specic ststilus 1t'1sc_ked
}urisdictlon.. Even file dlssenter,
Justice Wilson, who Ienerslly con-
tended out the co11r_ts lppellaf-8
ares. derived from the Ccnytituon,
ail therefore could be exercised
with s. specific sci: loilfcll.
agreed thst this exercise would be
invalid it Congress excluded the
area in which ii wss m.s'de_..whereti:e'courthe1d'thstini.hee.b- ..s_
..'._
P
-movImqnt~lg.'Ql|- "."-1 =-§i-':I.:--, -15,...-.= ~ . -.__--g_ -w,'.:;="~ ':;.__¢. k '7;-v .'- p 5-"1
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. .._"l_- -_'._'...
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,.P
' _ Mr. mi,
. 1 M I
/' . Boardmg 3'mm ."_ _ Mr. BelmnnMl. M-why _____
M1 92 X '. PB":1I'|3i_r,;fL d / In The Nation I ,4 §Ij,§',l, ij:
By Arthur Iircck M ° "" "' '
NY Times, July 30!
a" .. . 'mM ?~1-/* ' /Q9 Senate 011 for a Neglected :31 ,t....*;"..;11".iQ LBEP °1' H1=°°1'Y §<°l"H 11"'Ii;;;iiiU9 9
. 92 L!0 570 0
Washington, July 29----The Senate debate over the pending equal
bill submitted by the Administration, and the discussion of Congressional
measures to counteract some recent Supreme Court decisions, have blown the
dust off chapters in American history that have been generally forgotten.
But how much the discussions have revived public interest and knowledge
of its country's foundations is another matter entirely. The principal
reasons why this must remain e question without a quick answer are these:
1! The issues in the equal fights bill over which Senators are contending
are rooted in judicial process, and thereforef are exceedingly difficult to
report in terms non-lawyers will understand.2! The Ameédcan people have been
conditioned to the belief that the jurisdiction of th extends e Supreme court
to whatever limits it prescribes for itself and cannot be reduced without
violating the Constitution.
fhe several indications that proposals to limit the jurisdiction of the
5upreme court have a shock impact on the lay public reveal a broad un- I
familiarity with the Constitution. The vonstitution gave Congress the power
to control the court's jurisdiction, and there is a movement in ongress to
assert it. Congress is more likely to counter some recent decisions by
legislation, than to abridge the court's appellate jurisdiction. But the .q
movement does not "violate? the constitution, eitherlagpleterjpr in spirit,
as smwmaye cri zed it appear to believe, NOT ntconntnv Du la E5?/~{ . 141 AUG 101957,3
_--_--- -- - M», -~x*A ~' - - .:¢~_-- ,_ .-_...»;___ - -,.._ mm . . _ __
-~ u=n1n-v. 0-1-so! 0L L11 if
%- ;.,:2:o,%J I
Jlmont
" Hob:
Parsons
Roan
Tom
Trotter
Neale
Tale. Room
l-ioiiomun _.._._._an -L}
, ;é/§'i';9'{/'}{./ auc/[__
o. uunay __i____
i.-".
csuuu. ueoar ~ . » c -;_ * -I-.._., ___-_ _j_:__ - *____ , -r- -.- ,- _ _____
. -
no Ann Jviee$B¢d<fir
_§ By FU|.TQN_i.EW|5, JR, ' l |Id9qLl§!OI¥ __!f_!i'_OOiI _th! '_ ground DI William J. BI'¬l'11'lI.l1 Y.H»-» -~~-i!.a."_-.e¢._'-;;_'.~_¢...a
of New Jersey, and Ike has his
_ reason for concern about the '~"5"'- Tm °1 M hut P
W Supreme Court than appears on P°|-"h' e t' ha '°" '°d ° him-
the surface, because the trend 0! with Fl'ankmrt°i'= H £° mad 5 . ,
decisions 1.: not accidental. nu I114 Wiililm D°"81=# mad? ; ," F- part of an established pattem on the 011191 ll. he has pr0-
~_ " which can be ex cted to con-I tinue-as demonsgreated by a le- " vmed mmseu m oppqslon '
cent Washington dinner con-versation. - " '- - - '
The lady in questiori must
; remain "anonymous, but she is
" the wife ct a top-drawer Presi-
; denal adviser. The affair was
-» _ Iormal. Chic! Justice Earl War-
ren was seated ather right, In
>i ; voluble mood. he _1-emmlsced
'_ gbgut lilli Sezavlltiiergn washingttoni en e an = men IFS Wnr!'en'l n lntmenl: was, or .3 Farrived 11-om Clifornia, he said, mm , In 1.65:0 ng of . 1|. Ig they V-EYE deseratly l0r19ly- tlcal debt. He devered the 8:11-
~They found vijashlnswn a cold iornla delegnon to Ike at the
13-09 Chicago Convention oi 1952, and
thus clinched Lire ElsejahowerI Ill-llll I-II-ll Illllllc, I-IIIIIZ President Eisenhower has more
court 1 . .-
And then ll no relief 'in
sight. Franl-uiurter was talkingretirement several years _ ago, Q
but his health has picked up
and the talk lino. more. Black,113 as chipper as when he was .
appointed 20 yearn ago. Dou lat.has the constitution o! nngog.
' Wash. Post and
Times Herald
Wash. News in
Wash. Star
N. Y. Herald
TribuneV3 p , - 7 92._ . " As Chief Justice, he was
I fniliar with his lab. It was = . c ti A -5Q1! long time aince he had direct Bruwnell, as oor Inger, had
. contact with law practice, He. lgroed to let Wlrren name hip
was grop to get his feet on, DWI! .I'ho California_ the grounmif and desperate to Governor at comfortably hi his",. "Bfh]_gtQgm mm 111; Wm-lg, _ " Sacramento palace until tho" N Y J°umal_1 One man. alone, befriended ;':°""¢i.0murred. then claimed A ' 1-. '"'"-"land took him in, and umnaz c e »-.-: -- . 4 . MI qimman, he said, he {eels an undy¢ - _ Bill bi 111%. time the Brennan. N_ Y. M130, |in: and unrepayabie gratitude. Wy @1119 110118. Brwnell 3 _ __l_.. M: - N Y D 1 N . The lady listened as he bum should have learned. Warren - E , , /__, -f;,-ff - - 01 Y BW8 __.._.
Ne Y0 Time8
I-1
Cthe t with dramatic rornan- .ticishsihow they ma pm1oso- ge,'°,"f,"_{, J; 1£%gg?:11clli!>lg1igl:,.
- ether, studied cases together. was mumrm t tr] as mug The WorkerI '-%"°"°e§"'d Mend: m "h'-mt Warren was tit goo 1:1: to suit . Y - c " "New Leader '
ch "max 1 , . . . _n .__ _. . _ .___ __ ___wash mg 5 i Fad: _ Browne?! says now that hp _ N _- was already demonstrating the .
i 1?hL" " !°3e'3er' %i"Hz"°"! and Mr. Eisenhower almaciy_-' 10:7 Daily work ti-'-
meetin of min _Fina.lly, he mm 1:, _,___. Q _.___ _______-__ __,__,_ ____... _ f f
l£m_.ht_n ..__._# K-'_ ' ,>,;,.__v_"_; _ P161104 92_W1lill'l:.J. Brennah_be-"Z._ p _,__ . .-_.%.. ;_,_4_,.___.'_ cause he wanted _aF- c--.1 .- '_f'-en-*'~"»¢.¢~ - Catholic Democrat ti-om New
ldd U10 T811 .01 J . Thl !"l.!l-I01! _ thleeomv Ewe Bc>*-§.'1is@. .-33?1§.@~o- ..~ 5'? t.1-R /753 AUG 9195.7 L
i
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' Brennan: name, and saidwas highgl recommended byr the late let Justice Arthur
1 Vanderbilt -of the New Jersey
r Supreme Court, one oi! the most
- respected tigures ot the Amer-lean bar. Q-~.1-| . _'
ACTUALLY, Vanderbilt had
reconunended Brennan not for
a judgeship, but for a position
on Rogers study commissionon sgeedeirr up procedures
working, and helpful so tar
the study was concerned,-- As to Brennan's golitical and
social philosophy, e made no
statements would v ide ha e nti-
ed him, implacably, for what
he turned out to be. They blue-
printed the whole story.
This explains the series'ol
-"modernist" decisions, wreck-
ing the existing structure
court procedures; threatening
the effectiveness -of the FBI, im-' perillng every iniormant who
ever contributed to F'BI ies,
and paralyzing the investigative
processes o1 the Congress.
Browneil frantically asks for
legislative corrections with onehouse o,!tN I3nongress tied up inlibuste cl the other eagerto ggiome. Assistant FBI direc-_tor uil Nichols is dispatched
to London to get the American
Bar Assn. on helptul record.
' But cm mu trouble cannot
be undone; two pllll up-' ' 'PREs_
polntmeutl. .
cenmmg, r ,, I For ll: ' t sh}. .'r.____..- ,.;.-.§'f_-...._._.._____,,,,-"5"" '"' -!".,'T-_","_'_t -,t _, _- lg.-¥.:L'n.4f%';the ed courts on which
subject Brennan had made
-outstanding contribution in the
New Jersey courts. Rogers
tound him personable, hard-'-~-- - ---- ». ---- -- ...._.._~.l_. I-. _.__--_ .. _._ ,e___, _ _
0 £2
Fe? T uty Attorney deriéru 'VlHun'»&oger| came up with
he
t
in
an
88
JU$T|QE WARRENinquiries. A simple reading'nf_ Q Too hr lett. ' " the man! Past alkehes and - -' "' A 7' "' M7-x;
OI
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392 £931-J. decisions have acted to tie the
? -_e7~.7.- _ .7. '~~-- ' ~ - *7 *1; " sf; "1
0'19 ow. Q-1-SI!
//
. _ --_---- -- .77". '7| ,7
Virtue Overdonetm e
AT their London convention, Q11. Amer-
ican lawyers were given a report
from their special committee on the com-
munist problem. t T C7 "_ _
It charged that 15 recentlipygmg
overnment's hands in its efforts to
stamp out communist subversion.
Cited, among others, were decisionswhich: ' " " s '
O Op-en up confidential FBI files. '
risks!" -. - -ORestrict ability" to re security
0Curb the investigating powers of
Congress. . e i _
0 Prohibit the states from enforcing.' anti-sedition laws. - ' '
I Prevent conviction for teaching over-
throw of the Government by force. " i -s
The first law of mankind sa' this " I ya' committee, is the rig-ht of self-preserve»
tion. It called for a proper degree of
balance between authority and liberty.
_ Here, of course, is the rub. What is a
proper degree of balance? . ' ~- "
A recent article by Capt. Stephen "E.
Jones, USNR, is to the point,
Security measures, Capt. Jones wrote
in the monthly magazine of the U. S.
Naval Institute, are simply a s stem ofself-defense~devices short oi, armed
foggia pi-otecting the country. -1 - iO 0
"ring system that society develops
for its grrotection, he wrote, mow be
fraught with individual instances of in-
convenience and even injustice. These
are grounds for attempting to improve
its operation-not for throwing it out.
The only 1-col question is: Arc these in-
stances of injustice excessive, or the
result of bad fa'£th? _ ' _ i
Whatever 'the system,_ it must he
geared to the danger- That, it seems to
us, is how you answer the questionof
"Proper degree. The communist threat
is real and unrelenting. In thewords of
another Supreme Court decision, it is a
clear and present danger." The theft of
our bomb secrets is among the more
spectacular illustrations. . - .
We spend billions to deterhthe com-is
mumsts from armed aggression. If we
permit them to accomplish their pur-
poses by subversion, what good 13 ourmilitary defense! _ ' - '
' *l_l_/c are _essentiall c peaceful and
peace-loving nation, wrote C'o.pt.
Jones, _but ewe have little interest in
bemgor bccoming_a corpse, howevervirtuous. - .
He added that "One thing we can be
sure of: If the system of government
that stands for fair play in government
IS uprooted and goes down, we have little
to hope for from the system that will
take its place." .
Tl18t. We think, is the real L15 oi the-issue . . . . _ . y -
1.,-_92.'5 I "92 nu. _ -1
I -"if/KW ri,-
ollW Bocrdmcnalmost -
Mob:
Parsons
Rolen
Tcmun
Trotter .?.._.
Noon _i-___
Tole. Room _._._
Hollomcm ___....._.
U,-' Gandy -.-_.ii
can
_. _ _ J, » / ' /I - .,- 1 ¢ -~ "-.. -.- __.- 92_,
I ii-iii
NOT nscoeorn
141 AUG 6]] I957,
Wash. Post and iiTimes Herold gWash. News _.A___
Wash. Star _...____.__..
N. Y. Herold ii
Tribune "
N. Y. Journal-_.___.___.
American
N. Y. Mirror ____i
N. Y. Dolly News _..__...__
N. Y. Times __.i___
Daily Worker .._....___._.
The Worker _.___...__._..
New Leader ._...__.._.....
7 . _ .92;*'." .
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Ir. T0|l0Il....._,..
Ir. Nichol:-__.__
llr. B0nrdmu_
Hr. Ielmont_..._.1 ' Mr. lIohr_____,1
lr.-Pnrsons.__...
_ M1. TllnE?._|_
Ml. T1'01b9I_........__
Mr. Nea.se._._..__
Pele. l00nL_..__
Mr. Holloman_......
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Vv'F92SHLN' GTC'ITi',' Fii. i.--iii,?- It spokesman io_r_the 'na-
tions top 1aw.eni'orcernent
ioiricera told Congress today
a highly organized numeri-
cal minority in the .Unlted
Btates is attempting to u
our police forces."
Los Angeles Police Chie
William H. Parker, represent-
ing the International Associa-
tion oi Police Chiefs, made his
charge in attacking a recent
Supreme Court decision which
- a@ns to de-
stroy modern law enforce-
ment. _ '. ~
_ Testifying before a House
judiciary subcommittee,
Parker, said if organized
moves against the police
are successful, we will soon
lose the ability to police cur-
selvea and the result will
be that the people will not
get the protection they de-
lserve. 4' - e. 1. .f
=1."dermlne the eitectiveness lc-1%'0 :1!
em
. .. "--'1»"States .z=§i K ' i T-oiice, '-"vv"asi".§i'z1g¢
ton, spo e against niilowin
the Supreme Court: inter-
pretation or the law .ln the
"Mallory" decision to remain
on the books. i
The court in that decision
ive weeks ago voided the con-
fession or a convicted Wash-
ington rapist, Andrew Mal-
lory, on the grounds the police
held him too long tor ques-tioning neiore erreigning hi:-mtMallory, who had been under
a death sentence, went tree.
The subcommittee, iheade
by Rep. Willis Dernocra ,
Louisiana, is studying the i
iect of the decision and t
need tor legislation;-___.-.-.._ ' pr H ._i .
Mr. Tolooll
Mr. Nichole..___
Mr. BoardrnI.n..._yy92 Mr. BeimontV--.. Mr. Moll:-_..
Mr. Person ..
Kr. Ro - .."' Hr. '1 £
Mr. Tiut '
Mr. Noose ..i_
Telo. Room_.__. 1
Mr, Holiomo.n____ 1
Min Gondy_.J.__
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141 AUG .9 1957
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J1'1dge,TE1yesj 1
Raps Rulings f
Of High CourtJ _|___ ,I:__'92l ,_- . . .1. -.|.: ,.. it
1not ~o,-tn. Foe; ;' In Banquet Speech "
. By Dick mtt. -'
' "'. !' "P-"rt . ;
_ Middle District us; Judge John-
son J. es of Wilkesboro tool:
"the U.S_. u reme rt to task
here last nlg _ or s trulihg
jthat defendants in st case are en-
Q titled to look into certain tiles. of
view enforcement" hgencies at-
tempting to convict them;x In a speech before the closing
banquet'of _tbe North Carolina1? olic e Executitrea Association.
Nudge Hayes "said. ll I am evergconfronted with a case in which
the prosecution is required to bare
its evidence at the detendant, I
will dismiss the case."
He told the law enforcement
leaders from across the state that
"I am disturbed just as much as
you are by certain recent rulings
oi the Supreme Court. t -
"Lavr_en!ar-cement officers are
men charged with discovering . .',.
who is violating the law" and
bringing them into court for trh1.i
Judge Hayes said. "I do believe
that our highest court in the land-
has recently rendered some deci-
sions calculated to hamper the ol-
ficers in performances of theirdutylu. .7 I, __ ' 1
He_ said that "all of us should
be happy" that the Supreme Court
is trying to "pmtect our indiviqu-'
ai liberties" but "I10! If it ll in1- O0 '{£92
L
Ht-wrapsOpen_Files;. i "
Decision jj
T Continued from rage 1 o 1'
He cited the nigh court: ruling
that an officer who had informa-
tion that mariiuana trade was lo"-
ing on in a hotel, and who en-
tered s room after smelling marl-
juana fumes, could not testify ta.
court because he eiitered the room
without a search warrant. 92- |_
"Judges should _rec'ogn1ze, he
said, that we have officers who
are experts in certain fields just
as doctors and laWYBrl_ 81'!!!-
pcrts in certain fields. '
In their efforts to "protect the
righta_"t:|i the individual," he said.officers should be snowed to "nae
common sense. . ' t
"I am a believer that the lawin its conception and wisest ad-
ministration is the only hope of
American liberty." he said.
The Supreme Court cannot be
expected to la sue opinions -to
'.'pieaae all oi us," he said. be-
cause it is made tip of "human
bEil!lE_l."_ ' J _i_ :
He added that he did not believe
that the court etger had "political
motivel as charged by somecritics, in rendering decisions.
He charged the police delegatesto "set examples as lav; officers
in the communities you are in.
As American citizens. he said "fitll 0511' duty ia..u.ninis.tne nw':~
' - -- -r'7 : * t» 'I'M-Mr. Ii. _r.e1'__
Mr. Nnase __
Tole. Rot-.m_.
Mr. H0lloman_
Miss Ga.ndy...._
92
. °"*'*%
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I1natonSa1em Journe
Winston-Salem, N. C-
B-3-57
Page 1
' D
" " /./_efdn_ng'et'_ the liberties of "all.";tr.., _ "
_.'It la a "hazardous thhtifflhlsaid. to allow an lccusetl_Derao|_|
or his lawyer to inspect "confiden-tial" ,tllea ' or law enforcement p
'agencfiea. An inherent danger_:t'a,'f;he'sa|cl, "ll an offender
nd out who reported hint."-2 _
-1 He silso took issue with snot
Supreme Court decision -which
made certain tactics of Kw
torcement officers -Vioiatioltl -
thelawof h else ' s an intro:SENT DI ' .
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r--~ .--.- "=' * -- ~-* .- Two We 0 -.»T;"- PPfay cm1u_.o'ma: MOULTON, gm m wfmm 7 I!'3 Umd P?! 5"!!! Wm - snore, to thwart the co i1' WASHINGTON. Joty §.- gm at immediate end ' 1 =1t ngr:-.5 ts about m undo; or '0 pm e iew that doe: moi_;§I1em modiiy, one or the pponite ol wlut the !Supreme Court's"highly disput-_ lee. " - .; -_ - ¢led decisions of Inst month. The long range but more}*-This is the Jencks decision in- restic-method ii one Congress-which the court held that a an been historiéaiiy reluctanttéetenoent most Je given access 1 _empioy:- To enact legisla-jito reports made to the FBI by Fan ! limitiné the court'g.inforrners who test1iy_ against urisdictton; or 1 ineeeaeing'him in !eden__1 court, -' - Q {or reducing its membership. 1n What are the circumstances t Congress took the rst routein which the Qongress can re~ ion the hot- political issue" ed e Supreme Court iieci- Tideinndg oii after the high";!i0n.?. '- . _ - court in 194': mien um the?1 5' Anti what is the legal beck-"United States-not the states--'ground at the Jencks decision? owned the. valuable deposit;,_ ' In general. Cong;-es: can outside the low-water math lilimit or reverse Supreme Court": - In 1953 President Eisenhowefidecisions however it _ ehooses eiene a hiii stete|so long es it stays within the oivnership oi! ell submergedIramgwork at the Cc-nstitution._1a.nd out to the three-mile limit.,_- On constitutionality, the htgh'_>'I'he next you the court retuae-court has the lest word and 0 ente92rta._1n e chnlien to theI1-can reverse Congress. In Max» ew law on the_gro cl that_ib=.u-v_,' V. Madison," one of the ongress may do is it please;
'th_U.S. property-_, -i
I Ooqrt Packing. ' _most iamous ot all its opinion,
-,Chiet J_ustiee John Marshal. es-tablished the principle that the -rt may review laws passed The mm! muhod was tTo W In lo '*re:::t::,t";*;:";§:1<:.*::|
.. .en the court was only 14_ lln-OI 7., -ytn-= old. 1: marketi the a.».|.|.L'§,§l poni Lgrhfg :_at p towards I. powerlul led-ilgzbn to dd memhu.¢92¥L¥.!9"911: !L!da-1'-l;.92:_'J-1:-i'<'l""~Ii -J h incumbent who was 7 Q1:
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Tale. Rooupi
Mr. HoiIoman¢..
Mill Gendy...;_..Irott.er_._._._ l
.-9'57
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[email protected]_§.....5.l§§.?. .... .-ronwnnnnn BY N. Y. DiV1SIOH
15,2 NIGHT
RE! JENCKS DECISION
FUFII.»E -
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0
political defeat; '._'":1"-'.-..r
Them Appear!"-little likeli-
_ _ that Gangrene will Initiate
y Iv-teeptng limititlope on the
sent court despite legisla-ra' lBdt'i"ita tenton passing a w
o modity,-tip Je_ncI_:a decision.
ten Juno. 3t when a toeee lummorled
y'_the.government in a crim-_ pal trial has pre92_rlouy made
re rta'about.the_caa_e to the the -witneaa in uuo 'the Jenclts case spgtcally
as an "erstwhile FBI under-
»co92{er.a_gen_t!, then the defense
must beiiven access to those
reports to the FBI. The idea is
that the defense then can cheat
fwhether the Witnessdella "thesame Lstory in" court _that hetold in his previous reports. pY This seems like tordng oneside in 1 law case to supply
ammunition to ,the.other aide.It is an extension oi old legal.Prlm=1Pl¢=e---1- . .. -
1- The demand by-the defense
or such a s stems from a
the credibility or an opposition'witness;- and ifrom trial prac-tices that_have developed ,overthe years in federal courts, _ 92_ - Justice la Duty. '_ _ '
One of thernain considers»
tlons-r§oted_ in then court'sopinion:-'-is that the goyern-ment is not an ordinary liti-
gant. The gov_ernments duty isnot just to win cases but tosee that justice is done. I 3 '.
-t Justice William J. BrennanJ1-._ ruled in the Jencks case
that only detensetcounsel candecide whether he: purpose wlllffserved seeing reportgmagleto the FBI agents or informerswho are testi1ying'.j - .Prior{ .Su-
preme Court rulings had leilt.is decision up to the trial.
ttorney General Hverhe tine1:i Jr,,' in urging legi a-til modify the JencksDlnted out that ei in principle" with wii t P per _
common law right -to attackl
iwer_e"[reatly upiel, h ever,
;1eeg;eJenclradecio let o lI1'|dl11ee._ _ ' court lnterpre '_ _Igiving detense lawyers:_ as entl.re;.FBl -raw!
__ g-a caae."lhe .T_ wet I1.==i..-.131. . _ rjlootger have v
IWI'__...m~r=lrm thee. '
to-'--1' -1. _,,
tniuchcontainhearnyand '
or|'aawel1-aces
-f. - ~Would Restore llower
The solution urzed_o'nr eongross by Mr Brcwnell-and ap-proved by Senate and l_-Iou
committees-would restore totrial judges the power to decidefhich reports must be handed;ver to the detense and would
ut other Limits on: the Jendecision. -- 5- »The proposed new law would,require disclosure only or those.of a_ witness report to},he FBI that relate to testtmoe had given against a deter?t. The trial-Judge would ln3pect the witness report with-,
held irom the defense. , . MIf the government balked at;
rning over the portions heldby the judgeto be relevantthen the bill would empower the
judge to strike out the witness
te _
._ 1 ,.__.
thstimony or declare a,mls-
trial.
Justice Brennan: op n 1n_
e Jencks case did not t ona premise that any co titu-?tional right or the det dent
waslintrolvedrll the pr ed,bill la enacted, a new legal teatmight well rags; this point. J
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" ___1_.___ ~ _ _ _;; ___ L -t_
A y * .1 Ill l_ ' COURT S I. NGS ON REDS
Views From _o' Siote Aorney_§enorol and o Slbenciiior
- i--. r s
New criticism of tho U.$. Supreme Court
ls being trokorl in Congress and elsewhere.
Ono critic is Louis C. Wymon, oslornoy gon-
orrsl of New ilnrnpsltlro and president of the
Notional Association oi Attorneys Gerrard.
Mr. Wymon describes the effect oi recent
Court decisions on State lows. li tlldfllthat the Constitution is being "tortured out
cl oll rotiond historical proportion."
Another t'.l'ilk ls Sostoior Willlult I. Jenner,
Republican, oi Inrliorto. Sortotor Jenner says .
that recent decisions wodtstt notional security,
on "judge-mods low . . . subloel to no ro-
vlovr."
by Louis C. Wyrnort
ii 11 _ .' No mattjjie precise phrase, there is li
the Constitutionthst great irtstniment thro
cans have devised perhaps the most satisf
community living under a government oi law
menis being tortured out cl all rational historicalgoo by decision otter decision of the United States Sqreesrreuurt.
'Ihesedecirions,Intheircumuls|a'veaspoct,seelrbyi1sto|'
ve appointed lustices to substitute a philosophy oi govern-
ment patently contrary In that contemplated by George Walt-
ington and the great ligures of our early oonstitutional period.
Such Eat involves certain basic a-rsurnptioru concerning what h
best for the American way of life and, through these decisioru,
in eiiect amends the Constitution .to the point of usurpi_._ng
what has always heretofore been considered as the proper
function of the constitutional oonvention in our pattern ii
government.
Such decisions MILK! it-.1-the: wniound end mniu.-e our
youth who seek and deserve real understanding of the true
relationship between state and individual, between Commu-
nism and capitalism.
In reoent years, even months, this country has witnessed
the curious phenomenon of s Supreme Court decision on
One day and a bill in Congress to set lt aside an the next.
Were such measures and developments peculiarly local in
isolated cases they would be readily understandable, but pro-
tests and outcry against these decisions have mounted from
North to South and from Elst to Well, loross the lelilt
end breadth oi the United States. Most reoent is that group
of cases decided lune 11, 1957.
What was originally drawn as 1 compact betwom the
States to create a Federal Government with certain express
a one-way ticlret to a federal bureaucracy in whlc
Hon and authority of the individual States becomes
less with every passing you.powers which were deleiitd n the tr-m-"-t-eziiadrlituti0nthi-eaten: by deeidon cl the l'l.l$ué0tIt to
No one questions that the powers expressly granted to the
III' Prosidorlt of the Iilotionol Islsoelotioniolilornoys Gonord
FederalCovg|nrnentinArtiolel,sectiort8,ar;:ower|best
cserdsotlbyiederslaut.h ritY§tl'tbeoommm1g .l!utWlwt'|
tltosepowenareextendedhytheelerciseofsomesostcd
civil-liberties preoccupation or underdog complex intto the
kind of decision that resulted in Grln o. Illinois or Pennsyl-
mvtir o. Nehon; Sdmsrre 0. New Mexico; Kortigrbcrg o. Coli-
pemh; Jendu II; Untied States; Wnihisu D. United Stator,-
Sweeq o. New Hampshire, and Yates o. United Slates, we
iaoe a oommonproblem oi tbebigitest magnitude. This prob-
lemistheStaterinte1-estinitsownsurvival.
The public record oi Communist nibversion. both in thh
oountry and in many other ouuntries around the world. is
notorious. it is equally notorious that responsible agencies
within and without feds-sl and State governments have ro-peatedly oonrmed that the Communist Party in this countais an arm of the Communist Party in the Soviet Union, wi
the objeodvo oi altmrtion oi the form of government oi the
!J:~.ited St-=_Iee Q s ""_.........1'~"92'~92:m'Jt etete-.-.-hath: or not ti-..ro::¢
anlhterrnésdistestepolsodalhm-tobeattainedbyforoesndvio enoe necessary.
ll our United Suites is to have any semblance of realistic
notional ser:uritynot usenllly by guns or oven bombs but
tbrous awareness oi possible subversion and nonforgetrhn1 Of tbe absolute enmlliotg to the principles cl freedom which
has always character world Communissnthe bisest.
of the United States should not even hint that membe-
|ntboCornmunlstPortyi.ssmeremattero!politiul
Maud-ll m ell>ljel.~et:l' hglliuumhbeha liieriam =1 Umml I su ve a to a voca od violence to overthrow tliepli-liovenunent oicylhis
tltst the Smith Act permits advocscy oi ford-
overthromsbortolincitementofdirectectiontotbat
:5! mdwld the fupremgogourt of tho United sum hase steutssuasg morsloh eterlsooneerned,membership in the Communist Perry ls aggarently considereds more matter oi political asrociatbn, privilgrod under the
First Amendment. No mam: protestauons words in the
U.S-NIVIllWOI92lI$OI'l'.AoQ.f.l99
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0 . . Court hdslcoused "dongorous instability/ll! our lewf
".i it- "2"- ;.'_-"" J ; ."ti-t - .-£5.55
. ii:am In to inquire
-attendance lecture at a State
munista and Cunmunist-hunt organisa-
tio:u,wbolisdwritter|thatvioimcetop|'eservet!|eSovkl
System was iustiiledbutthat violence topreaervetlsecupitalij
system was doubly damned-once for itself and once for its
p1ti,gsveHu!Ig% »
Tlrislatterdecisitastvasrestcdtattlteastonishirig ground,liixl-It. I-lilttherowasnoaasurancc thataleslatuse whididelegated the investigation to an attorney gt.-m-mi want-
edanswentotbequationsput; thatthlsloch of assurance evidenced an abuse of
authority in the face oi a legislative reso-
l""§"* '"!1'92s- h
author-iii if ag 2 rnFion_ u n such tion as in h£]udg- _
ment may or rein ...*.'
. I INo. matter the £:1 |'asing of words nor .
the rationale of in ual members oi the .'
maturity; itLis plain that -the elements of Iparinersnip net-vveen otite and iecierai inv-
ernrnents in the investigation of subversive
activities have been diarply limited, if not
destroyed. Mere questioning in legislative
tact-nding does not stigmatiu. It is the
aruwers to questions that count. It the ques-
tions are pminent and relate to a vital
concern oi the State, they should be sane
tioned, not struck down. The mere asking
of relevant questions in fact-nding into
possible subversion cannot destroy legiti-
mate free speech.
Without being tihrcspectful, I believe lt _
is a fair comment to Cluthlotcrize the language oi theE . i ___
d, I sprals for-_the DeoartlrIrnt4Iratio!!! E must be apparent to anyone n'it| that the rcocnt decisions relating to Ctilllurlisln
and the Communist Party; the tragic dt-lay in disposal ol the
Subveriva Activities '.ontml Board onlrrs rt'lalil'l| to the
Conumlsi Party registration under lhc lntrnul Senirlty Act
oi I950; the requirerrumt that conzlcntial tiles and report! to
the Federal Bureau ol Ins-estiigtionwhich may include elli-
silicd material-shall he open cute l1i.nu.-hr in cnrss-esami:-rm
tinn in all criminal cases, tncludinl, Ipnssct-utinu for subversion: rm '41 -
t
F
5
1
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.- 2,-Ti " ,."*;.'- I. 4
'3 T _" "?!-.'t§"¬":-"F -+:#_. E 3- ,. "f_~'!
1%!
,a~ _.. ,, V __.
ll
A _._- _.iH__
H '1 "'.-_;_'m-' ..
E ,§_-_P l--"=1-- q-7-ff. M---_-"'.=,,.;= *_..»-_, >-s:-t-..~aq;.¢-.___3;_e._t,--f: :*:+:." ~.t.-. _ -___a_-__.w."-" -- T-?¢_.t-1.-'1"-ill?'7: 7'" "_ @-.. .. ,_=._,,d._. _. ,_
B
t
*92
,l-*" """ _"-" 751' ._ .1. .
M <'»t~ehi" ~:. - .§ e. if e e,* iv to ' =--. Q, - ..h.,,.-- ,1-.; =-.t- - . .r v 4 / _ti.7S.N§svs_!__92_VarldR¢paI't '~"' 1- >9 i-i ' _ l -" 4~
. . . "Politics should he left out of iudielal decisions . _
upreoisC-otlttiolthaliriteditalesliottld
_ _tionolthg5tatlo|Cal.il'orniadoInat
belhvethatanapplioantforadsnissiontothestatusofeesr
oi the couttsvvtIn to uphold t
lions-who refuses to say tha
Communist Party st the time of
moral character, the Supt-sane
iimnid not tell the State of Calif
there ll no Inaatlnalrle doubt at
simply bemuse l.he witness contended
cate or believe in force and violence I
has examiners did not believe him.
ll a legislative committee investigating subversion ll! NOW
Hampshire questions a person who gave a required-atterti
ance lecture It I State-supported ultiveity, aeekhl U0 aha
out whether directly or indirectly he advocated force and
violence to adolescent: cl tmpreoioneble nee the 5119'!»
Court should not tell the Slate legislature that it may not so
inquire.And nally, under no clrel-Imlfln-ll! ll" ¢l!l¢Bil°¢l 59"
oi i.nter'pre-tation oi the Smith Act;-the Supreme Court lllmllll
not permit exclusion from that Act advocacy and teadiing ti
forcible overthrow oi the Govemrnent as an abstract principk
short of incitement.
Effects cl Court: Rulings
Words may be combined like Ireys on a piano to play a
tune according to the conception oi the pianist. Although
there is an old saying that sticb and stones may huh
my bones but words can never hurt me," words from the
highest wort in the i-torld are t.='a.rslated his am-in all
over the United States and in thoae places under UnitedSmiles iniluencewhich includes a goodly portion of theWOI i
Such I play on words maltes innitely more dieuit illu-
cial establishment of an intelligible dividin line betweenI-roe speech and advocacy oi subversion, and oilers encour-
agement to those enemies of the !92rnerica.n way of life Who,
like termites in the ioundati0n. are nevu seen and seldom
heard until the lay the house lalll h.
This nation is composed ol many languages, many races,
many creeda, living together under s document which penhits
s good deal of give and take. The very iiesibiiity oi the
Federal Cnltitutinn has insured its_ continued ltsength
against stresses and strains which, in other lands, have seen as
many as 17 governments la-ll in two years. This document
must not continue to be interpreted in such s manner as to
thrmwoutoiltiltea-tiiegrutdividerbetwemthepowes-sot
the States and the Federal Government-the Tenth Amad-
ment.
We State attorneys general are responsible.
national association, for asserting our heat ed
course ol history in the United States shall he
a direction oi patemal federalism to one of enligh
operation between sovereign States and the Federal
ernment, each vvorlting in its own sphere with recognized
division of authority.
I believe that, if the United States S
tinues with the type of decilion that has
oi late, that the National Association of
should support at least four spocilc courses
First: The preparation cl language clarifying the Tenth
Amendment, to protect States reserved powm in more cer-
l"ll , - -iaiatqiaa-withitaiininedieterecouiuisedatiennealitestatalqisiatts-as.
lae_and:Tliata|ststhorIhadevhodsvhsrabythe$tatea
ahsilhavsageatasvuiceincoolsmatlusidsppointmentlto
tlI§IIp'qneCotl1th_ann0IIIt!s|'outlheUnited5tatsaSmili-
ohenesihepstholtl1e|,rowttioiA.meries.hgaltgestheoossrilnduims that politllciadeciaiona, peonlvfllltotllin diould not he appointed to the
have been appropriateE to observe that thegersordtohavef-his
inaltinethdynamk:
of the fact that
destroy iii-ell,tollve
ptlt ti l ' lation ti |.h -a, ll tllidei, ani,§.§°l'.>
ion in derogation ti State
FOllrth:Theappoin atthiseonferenceol;eds';;>.e|.'ialco|nn1itteeoninternalsecr.trlty,insu-uctedtoim 'tely
mnfa with the interested federal agencies and with other
national groups, including the American Bar Association,withsviewtopreparaizionoflegislationforintroductrionat
thecurrentaesaiond bopeas,designeclmundoasp'eat
aporouclthotocentdeehbmuipomhleshmtd
constitutional amendment.
Theebairunnotthilspecialcommitteeshoultlheiurtherirmnn-"""'¬od m preani-t the i:cuTiittae'i Entvm-~nieiidat.'irn to
thepermanentexecotiveeornmitteeoithisasaociationmd,
with its approval and authority, to appear before the Con-sovereignty.
7
-*
i
i
I
F
In 1- t__ _'i .
'7 1,-H, . __ . Lr_ -;192%*92;.-Z- 'l_____ .- -' -__ -___ _.--__-;;+-Ȣ_ _;,_q_:______ . ___ __ _"_i___ Wt_ _____ ____ ___ __ W iii _92 _ _ ! _k ' 7 77 __;I'-___
Ie ..1,, 9- . t.- __ _ if - flJ,$.?leweI92IferId Report " _ __ _ ' _
it -' ,' Wylnom There In "undermining of notional security" '
i." .. .. * '- '-
Thuehneneedtetutmeununciueluuytvingbvednnctoeetehltehlheeehete.
&.1._..¢'4:ai.ih..ekizenbyrrrnerloort
Genllememthe
decilkamllirikel
Ama'||eeuWey.It
thoclnnoprincip
ellloyelhnerienne
Sgrrgrw Jennerfs Vievvre
' 'f¢,°URT !j!Ai_GljQ}l-ENQEPZr _end preeerve. It le tragic to an rut-h lndlrill ""d"'"'"°'tn; d nllionnl eecurly and I.»-1»-..1_s=.r= qurrpre. n wrll
as at the very {mar-tar-rm d Em Arr -er-1-i: r-.g!! '-9 P"-"'
tect heel.
Foregbin ore excerpts Irolll on oddren by Mr. Wyllle
pruiderlt 0 the Notional Auoeiorion oi Attorney:
erol, at the 51:9 notional conference oi lhd nrgunieolrem
Sun Volley. lde., June 24, I957-
Aumgrtrrv or co|~|<;atss"
92 f_ollowl_||g_le an excerpt on address by $lI!d_IIr
Sende, My 26, l957r .
There wu a time when the Supreme Court onnoehred ii:
function to be the interpretation cl the law. For eorne time
now, the Supreme Court bar been making
l.eweubel.ituting its fudgrnent for the judg-
ment of the legislative branch.
There wan a time when e lueoe oi the
Supreme Court rnirt dissent in e cue cl
ErltIl!Ilpte!il0|1,butc0uldhere1ioduptI|
to decide the neat use lnvotving limar
point: in th the riot decisionti the Court, notwiartandinghh own riordissent. This was because justice: oipthe
Supreme Court respected the Churt and
respected the principle of ltarl decide.
Nowadayl member: cf the Su-
preme Court are constantly bury defend-
ing thek own positions, and e justice who
iuaminorityoiniononeparticular
point an usually he expected to Itich to
that opinion whenever the point itflit-Itllr thus keeping the Court constantlylp .
By 1 proceee of attrition
the extreme liberal wing oilieconte 1 And wespectacle I Court oonetnn -in; :1-If? lav. and even ct-211$; ~ ----'" ~ -
don in an Apparent deterrninati
land whet the Court thinks it lb
Layman Ind lawyers, the legiala92 Willie; E. Jenner hp!, of Indiana, on the floor of the
hate end iseuee oi the Blumhrtit trial hr-Id e year ago lust
iiereit.
The jench mm, u you know. is our of 1 group ni wry
recall decioru wliitrh have gum r92't'n l'.|rllu-r null f.u-tvt
than the Court ever has gone lx'l0rt' in llu: <li|t't1iu|| nl the lrit.
Thu: run he no tloullt that Ill lutnl t'H92-rt oi llwsr llt'92.i-
lion! of thI' Sr||m'|m' Cnuri lms In-en to
wellten Ill Govt-rn|nt'||l's rllns njuiinil
Commlmiim anti sub921'rsi92't1.
By |Q|'|1¢' ul tin-sit tlvrmutls. atnli>u'|192-t'I'-
live law! and rt-g||latiu||.92 have hm-n rm-
dered ineflt't'ti92' -. §l.|ti5 l'1;|92'r l92tflI rllirtl
the right to fight snlru-rsirm, -mtl lrnrr
been denied thv right tu lmr Cnrmnruliuuffttrn EI'IttiCir1|l l:|9292-. 92'inl.|l1|r! Ill fl1ll"I:tl
arrtisumvlrrsivt lows l'ut92,-1 lawn irrnwtl louse
on aims! trchlticalilit-s. Im|tl|||ti.|l ll-92
Of the Fill allltl 0| ullwf i|:92't"92lig.ali92't
Il11_a_ E w-ertlirctrmutrriirEight];-in-L l'1._|92'r_- ha-||
opened u In "l'l§hin t'92 u~:liii<ms" hy dc-
iezrdanta and their ommscl. The Court
has chal|t'n|tId the aulhnrily of Cungrrat
to decide upon the :4-npé of ll! own
inveitigatirmi i'l.I'l l the right nl at con-
g'l'?isitmal r.'0l'nmitlr't' In m.rh- up lli own
-- ~~ * J ,_n-a-Li W,
§
I
!'0-ll HIV I-1 Ill
3 AU Q57_ 1? N 4!9, F"_|'i.Seaébnét1 J.;.1.;¢_t";....:, H W -. ;_/.7? the Sugreme Court rt *
: '
Trihme"Hm an
I W9!-
truth.I an a llylln but have ao-
iied lkianinent to blgiant?! m oi the Supreme
Cou:-t'a neent deciaionl. Many
other: have misgivings parallel
W W 9! . W ¢~=I =i.ii:|eral" attitude at the Buweme
* Ebouid the leyin|. "Te the
yietora belong the apoiia, applyto the appointment afiudeelr
The original blame for recent. Bupreme Court Ian attaehea
Fto the President and Senate.who bare nut these inexperi-'enood reformer: of lociety on
the eourt._ Wm be N 8the HQ?» wgio la not a ed
iudae with at ieaat ten yearnexperience on a atate auprmte
bourt or United State Court o!
~~tt:r:r":ma:
me wa . uae
to decide whether a Pi-eaidentiai
appointee to the Supreme Court*:rm:zuarIed. It bu not done
: ' None of Ike: appointee:
"%. ..i.... 2..§ .3l..'?"..=.Z $M5 intm t$'.§.'+"%....5? °=.....'§. 3anlyone yeeronthebench.Bren-
w J;.?°*?¬3 ..£?.'1.....".".§ on .
only four yeara on the bench.
Whittaker, ailparently a pretty||ood man. Ial an unknown,
| with about tliee yea:-|' experi-"enei i the wueb. IiChar1ee Evan: Hughes
Fin Exception .
_. Not me of the nine Ill
i aeaaoned iudae before b_Q1-Bltli. _ *The tauil ll with Renae-relt. Truman. znatlaower andthe .'Benate Judiciary Com-Ilti .* Oocaaienaliy a man like
Charla Evan: Hughea, who baaneva bad iudictai experienee.
t1n'na out O. I. But Hume:
I'a|alawyorlBy'Iay,one oitbetun t'I'o"or three in the UnitedItalea " -. -- '
Iven I left-Iililer. named aa
Ilhited Btatel dlliziet 10486.
generally acquires a teeiine ofl'ell>iItlIb.l'lI I0 the Couititu-.,
tlonatteryeanunttiebeneb.
ButtonamamenwitbiiIioiudleiaitlperienea___ _ ___ TA _
lur Suitema Court it!-V
'Ih.atlhuuidbeieftinCnlNQstate leliliaturaa and thepeople. 'li:e0olItitur:imlyI:
"_e.u lqialativr noeera hereinlflhted ah.a.1.l be vltad ll IOoneraq."-- . --.= Q1
Criticism of recent daeialmawen: do much aood but
ewnei, unlel it ia directed atthe people who nominate uniappoinilnenta to
lbmnh. t , =- I - .
I think tbeae iudeaa have an
tmenmeioue luilt eumpiu.They have acne an fat in ta-
Iriting tin Cwetlrlim milaw: on bll queetima. like in-
tenatlm, interstate comment.
and mzerai veiiare, that theyaalve their oonaeienou by Inn-ing over blckllrd an "strict
conatruetioni.rte" with respect tothe auppoaed rilhtl ol IitdiIi-i-
Suprenae Collrl
And Free Enterprise
% the Euprema court. tree
enternrile in a line thin; untilit beeomu aueoeaurui; then the
court, mt Dunn-en, assumes theright to regulate its siIbn de-de whether a busineaa is to
row. to stand rtiil. or to bwumaamalier. But that ia devastating
to a "aovernment by law. and,not by men. '
The late eminent Justin
Brandeis. of the Supreme Court,once laid: "Our government. tor#4U1!
Beimon
Mob:
Purlunl
Bonn
Tenn
Trotter _.i_
Naoaa
Tole. Room _..._
107°
<W;'1/"W P
~I~:-_
'1?!
-;:- .. ¢.4.-e; .."H-' .-.-5-* .92- P251 '.. ,.
;_NK
J -'1T:'='"'-
Ir-A - I-___ M.
-__-44. _
, ~'*' -E ;»- -l=,.=w..~-en: =_'- - --an-r 1q|~~ e~e¢
o-1| um. 0-may
Q
Ilrgeil I
High Coliil aw
WHIl'I'!IBU1.F@W. Va.. Alli. 10 UH.-'!_'he Vil-rliuia State Bar Aecocie
.eeiied an Cum-enprevent the United Elia - '
same Court .1 than ma 'en aiorlt! of ite rnberl areant. ~
A ruolution peeled at tnclosing bueineel eeeeiou oition'| 61th animal
said -"lm1>ori.anl;the
I1-II ,
1*-"o WWIIIn .
i mu amen at he mmCourt ank be made with a
"'1'u|i beqni.1.". the reeolutimraid. It luneeted that ti:iudzee or the emu-el circuit
court: oi appeal: be designedto at in rohtion to an an-,Merrie Cuurtvacanciu thatoc--our Iran time tqtiml. -_ I-4
Fr Klvkemlall Elected '-
J.dioe.1i Kuykendnil oi Win-
chester earlier hed been unmi-_~
iuouel! elected president or thevane. lucoeedlng mm 5.Made oi Danvllle. David J.
.pi:er, vrae named pruidenip
;;elect.anevr oiiiee. HeIi11be-
Umme prelidentolthe neocla-
IHIJIIIIJUIQIGI-1'. ._'_L The convention in
tonightwitiranadnal lesion by
-G-rucnther, preeidltmeriemed Omen. '
.. An e result cf iolnt leech-
jtlonl oi the Virlinia Omen!muembiyaddreeledtothetete
bara:eocletion,t-iiealocieiiou
oiiicialb indoreed ee J C!
One Proposal 1naarlui"y_In that amenity I-houlcl IntFbe zrounh let divorce n Vir-
zinia, ao an eldd-HI: Itlttitepr-ovk. Oi! this Queetim. the
ueocieiimi memberehip il-nored a eommicte recommen-
dation to the contrary.
i Mao the association qrledthat it ahould he ielt 1-ID U
each individual court to decidewhether divorce eaeu should
be iundied by a In-ecial com»mieeioner. In addition the et-
turneyl reieoted the idea oi
zivinz divorce courh the rizhtto divide the reel tats 0!
per-eon: raking a divorce.- Aoommitwe recemmendation
to the eect that court re-
portereehouidnotiaerequird
inailoourtlotreoordlri
tatewalrevened. Themem
ndeeided thatcourt
anneopuaryinaii
Men. Richmond lawyer end.
Pu1itler Prlld-Iihlhl bhgra-=.'
921/MToieon
Nichole
Board
Belmont i
Mohr qi
Pdrloul ii.
Rolan _......i
To _...i
TrottbtJ Neon iW 'r-1-. Ho
Hollommn i._.._
Gcndy mi
Q3- 992 N01" RE5f"92°gmnua 1019
QI'-'-
---" '-'-_-
Wash. Post and i...__
:=-" ,' _._ Z2
:92-1";-._
t1 - . . .-"-N--t-_-._.: -. n- .1!--- --»_ D _ , _ _'
- ' < - LAYI _ - T £27?-l".
I92'J"'W», ~; .2--:aa 5-92p_ ----~ -N ,_ _ _- Y t _ . 92_ , "'1,_ r.._i_ -.r "_; ____e _e____ l _. -. _ _ ______y._ i _'__ _ __'_ V7_ I ' _ " ' I ye ' J -!_"!:.H
f iQ t_.V.7.:___
-iv: ___ __P-EB+iiNiERSe+¢m=
SEEN IN NIEN
°"iLl'ii$thianion Notes ~
¢'_
Across Nation
Under Chief Justice {Mar
ren, the United States __$u_preme c'qu§_t| d e c i sin n
have mi-ited the s e rio u
charge that its strictest con
struction of constitution!
safeguards ll reserved to
Communists 'and Cammunis
sympathizerl," Clar en c
Minion declared la at nigh
He spoke over W13-N Ind
coast to coast Mutual netvfor
" In the senate ,and thruou
the country." Manion said
"there s rising clamor oprotest aainst the gratuitou
assertion of power by fedora
judges generally, and particu
lorly by the judges who now
compose the Supreme court.
Holds Laws Noilliied
" The unwavering consis-
tency with which the present
Supreme court has nuiiied
the effectiveness oi federal
and state laws against com-
munist suhversion and e_n-
couraged the hostility oi pro-
communist witnesses heiore
congreseional tnvestigatin g
committees has subjected the
court justices to I storm_n£ihitter crit.itti.liIi1 in Congresslnndout. ».t" '.'cot power to review u call
decisiona in a variety of caael
where communist subversion
isaniaaue. -. .. ,1 *.-..
Manion then turned to the
Supreme court's action in per
mitting Japan'to try antows. IIL, soldier, "Willis:girard, in the death Japaneee . -, -. .Iosoes Unzerestlmatel
in iegni circles," he_nid.
there was a general ex
tation that'the Supsem
court would lean over hack
wards to give the soldier the
same meticulous constitu
tionnl coverage'that it pre-
viously had extended to e
score oi Communists who had
appealed to its judgment trom
convictions in state and ted-
eral courts: But the lawyers
M underestimated the"im~
perioua isolation in which
these lifetime, lad-word jus-
tices not opcnte.
* The eight justices Ihn re-
mained in Wlohlngton to hear
the Girard cue brushed off
it tm nsti ' nai a portpnt co tutio
iesues'ln a hasty, unsigned,
hut unanimous decision: which
effectively turned the civil
rights of I million Americanservice men over to the ten~
der mercies od Ir. Dullesstate department. _ -"in th:5Gi1-ard cue. theSupreme urt,e£tecttveiy de-
cided that foreign service
men .a.re m a d e second-class
citizens and that they do lose
their constitutional jlghts
when they are not to foreign
countries, but the decision
falls to eaphin why this has
happened and ll deiihera _
.. misleading in its citation5 mum M3 1" nuthority {or out imera-a...ine;e sum-éma'cquit_m . - .- ,7-2Z5"c=dAom.Iucwrrtvri==_".eIe|1__!f° :m.~n<¢i=>;e,..J K" ' |éc>?necon£'F'I
*0v
I
in
L.3l9m_____ onus 1 2 1951*
Page__ eé . ;
Pari.e,ZZI
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BUT WHOSE DEFENSE?
_ nu. . 1, Iv._ ' "iii: -_ 7' _ ' __ ..
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' Tell
»<"<&;b J- -!!BEMs.s°H6 0' 1-» 1; - e e- ~
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7' _ j
-2.;-_+.~= .=--...~.~,'- ' -15-* T-=,K'i:.1»~?E"- 5fg-. 1' ' 7" -" '-"&*==.*2"::§rT..3-: -' ;§":":§ 11' Tl 92 . '.:{:' é:§:}14"-5.--1'? C - _-, ~.'<_"j_".». 5 J -A ..;. Akezi * Q;-;§3s';._. . - _. '?.l=>.~-;5 __
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aw
2 .- .-,1 75 ifJ4-|%nE$@D§5
141 AUG 19 1957.
Wash. Post and -____'
Times Herald
Wash. News _._.__
Wash. Star _-_i__
N. Y. Herald -_.____
Tribune
N. Y. Journal-
American
N. Y. Min-or
N. Y. Dally News
N. Y. Times
Daily Worker
The Worker
New Leader
Date
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__.'4n_|e -W 4 '
.92'- 7 ___ __ .
5» ':wir-1 boots it_at one gm to- malie defense, ' .
" And at another to. let in the-
My! . _ _92;,.. ;__'1-1-9_
i -' '1: 1- "192-
' " - What b00tl it to deiend the South
""5 -._ against the dim niienaee iot"'landlDt'|'I1lV'_li forcs in ?a1;t" Ttiree
L_;i-'_ oi the Civii Rights hill and It ll-¥j£mer {ate-Part Four-to let 'in_"'a_
_ army federal agents,
"" *P°ii§=m¢=- M .819
nerve:-ll .. ,- ' ' '
Praising the
ithout
HI how~" damiie it 1'01 us
@511.-' Waite?
m a n n rein-ices
it vestsW exective le-to in-
veoe i
- e 1 e c-
to go
e ie d e r a
courts tor
-'- * ii injunctions 1 GRAVE! _'
l-1777' "which, -without hint trial. meal
- imposed on those who violate the
injunction. Why this should . bl4 called} week bill is more than I
can understand. For the procedure
under civil contempt, which does
notrequirea1urytrial,ieive|y
Q4; grg-.et!'pov1et._"H __-Q-J,t_*~-. L. E._m ., * */_ , 3., .
Oohunnist Beseomlr ioa @311 ethinks the em may it worse
' -_the South. more discord si Iii;
-*2-., %=£ the 8-.':§::'et:'..e
uereq in the Depu-un
ustice with powe? to
; te election laws. procedures é
:"edm1nistretlve'reiiei, and In
name BI the Attorney General,brin3 coercive legislation elelnetthat impri-ltonment oi nes em be"
hooi decision: "It eete'b,p'_a_.
i _
_ Southerners pus juqm¢_e Hws FBI Hunt
etricted to mm; mun." It may
roam the universe .'. L .{'_i '1
. we-_* i--"*-'-
J No wonder the NAACP! Roy
Wilkins is urging passage. As he
- well-says. it "provides the federal
government tviiii the_instrumen_ta
|with which to enioree the ijixht to
vote . , . and promises wider im-92piementiiti0n."_ Wide. is no wodiorthe tederel 0lI8W!e]Iii?II the South
.which the hill _l_I stands will
_ i'nake' possible and hich th e
NAACP will insist on with alllite.
balance pi powei-."._ _ ;. @-
* it e
-"Have we defeated a'pha
army only to be beatenipy
tlesh_andblood?..l_. - 1
Q-'-p * -;
rm greater criticism or tho
President about the bill is that h
seems not the least alerted do
against its original oi-_ rema '
pitta-ll even- though he -_lla8,I|
beneiit;i {e anaiys anti: attend thong Iv, ich turn - note
and nation against so much oi the- ?l'l'.gii181.u;92PP8:0tI;i:-y he has. no orit§
' cismei er 0, skulduggeryfatiitempted ii U"; ¢". "- 1
'_ §<.:'hisopiire1iia"'may have to
technically with mental dieordexfi
but it_is popularly used for plain?
two-mmdedness. ,Ae witness theschizophrenia of I Supreme
ready and eager to iitrain the _
atitution and reverie the pr _"deg: in fever oi the NAACP.
str coustructionist all the ey
. a£aineth81Pil1l the FBI and '
Congress catch cominunist sub =
_vee..'~ -'1; ;- . -, .
And Ike-vetoins for e
W ..__§¬kui
outsiders a gee bill he
_ ignoring ekulduuery
in the civil rights
4--f ..=¢."¢l»-'1
- -nit;t eufcient knowlqheu-IL...
I
e
s
"M2-. W / Q o e
Moln-
llr. Parsons1 Hr. Room
Hr. Tamm
Mr. Tl.'»H»81'__.._
___ _ Mr. Nease_.__
V Tele. Boom___-_.
Mr. Holiomln..;..,Miss '
|
7 /
STATE T ~1ES
JACKSON, MISS. .
8/23/5?
Page 9 A C015. 7 8.".
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é1.a -,a »_ r_' __,_92;i-nhlimn-at ____ __' l: t~*-10¢! J 1... _-its--_;:_ =r , 1'
O
LL as .
lm; the audacious and illegal decision:
dered by the United States Supreme
at its recent as-salon was one depriv-
' ~-li¢!tlt¢l_9fl1I¢_ri8httiopresuibeq1mlif-
ona tor persona who seek to engage hi
the practice of 1aw.'Aa well said by Senator
JBHIIQ-P. of India-M. this is essentially and
particularly a_ local matter, which each state
must be permitted to decide for itselt, Yet
Supreme Court or the United States. in
recent Schwara and Konigberg - eaeea,
a ectlng applicants for the bar to New Mex-
! and California, respectively, denied the
1'18'nt oi a state to require an applicant for
admission to the bar. in the course of being
examined as to his character and tness to
Pfli IBW, to answer questions designed
to elicit information bo ' a at past connections
and associations with Communists And Com-
fmu 'st organizations, and denied the rig
t State Supreme Court to find that
10" Ime association of an applicant wi
the uni.stParty.laamembero§<su
.1
J
92
'92
'92
1_
5SEP11'195i7 7'fl1
-'1»e___ ....._, _-;~ 92 it _-'~-_f.-11ov__ '--~- . ' - .
party, was a proper factor to be considered" 7'
in determining the character and tneas at
lclpplicam. '> =-"-
In the words ,0! the reaoluon_1itcred
Chiet Justice Norman I". 'A1-terbura at um
Supreme Court at Indiana, at the recentmeehingotthe Chief Juaticeaot the sub J ,6; 92SupremeCourta: - "-- Ilr. IE ,4
Mr. Board - J
. - Ir. Belmont
Mr. Kohl, f
Mr. Pane ._ '
Ir. Rosen . t
Is. Tamm 7,
HI. Tlo£l»eI__.__.
Mr. Neale ___._.._
Ida. Room_._..
Hr. Hoiloman_...
- III GlIIdy__..
i
"The United States Supreme EA Es
Ira-naaeued sound lelal principles, and
particular, usurped tact-nding functions. .
"Moreover, the United States
Court has encroaehed upon the juriadicti
0fIBltltQQOIll'tl-u-'. f -_
Although the United States Supreme
Courthaatheauthoritytoxitsowns'tand-
arde of character and tness to practice in
the Federal courts, we do not recognise nu
concedethatitmaydoaotor theeoutt-ail
the ae-veral states of this Union." ~
It may be there are other area; in whilthe appellate jurisdiction of the Supre
Court should be restricted or with respect
jvhich auch jurisdiction should be withdraw
o~*"Jd92 lianfi
92 92Qr}
92'-.1.lYi"- JI
I J
FREDERICK SULLENS,
EDITOR
JACKSON DAILY NEWS
JACKSON, MISS.
-8/2t/sv
Page 6 C015. l 8:. 2
92 l
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BERRYVILLE Aub H- . . ,, l0oe11nf'_'.'r& =:.¥,' '_ '4;-92.. '
31
enator Harry! Byrd D Va
SE
o __ s and ngresslegislation... " .- --
- Q alieaking to ;5anu=1
Ind aPPl9 'grdwers' gathered
is orchards here, Byrd8-Ill
e p esent , Supreme "Cou
ritic pr£ncipies___o£'our c
;_ lie cited the 1954 school de
feegregetion_ cese, Girard case,
the decision opening
;lea _ and others, statiyg:§_ It is e veri; sad ihing'I"'|92|92wv92n- I -_--_. -..-----J.W uuuula elI:.ll.lCl'§UB warnéfi
_lhe Supreme Court in
greatest menace to free 3
grnment thet we have?
if llemede the speech at
anau-lL..Qicnlc. The first,-92-l: 4' . -1_.-.A-v-a:A1r=..92a-ch.FBI1' V7
S . ' F .
[today critici ' the pre ntgrep Oi appieustide no}
.92 A3
i
Z" new--}aw ' "; 1
thlt-
my.
his
31
E.in
id 92
rt went; to destroy the Delp"I 92%"'f
e. ,*-.*._'-.- >_,-.'»#-__92- -|;-_'._.-.§-*1.
year: ago, wee 1 g¢¢.gq;¢m¢,-
far. apple zrowém, hikrnew
920cl'll1c.politic1.92n;'g 5 .-
. Looking hale and helrty and
hardly the 70 yelri he is, Byrd
appraleed the session of Con-zrssa just ended: .. - .- , e "3
The only good thing thatw|s__ done wags ta cu: 9_!9l3!!'li-92turee.. I! anything else good
W" @0118. I can't recall 1L"
He eyes particularly criticllof the civil right! legislationenacted, e , .~ . e - _; --
P "What has the Soui doifeqto deserve iiiis treitment?" hi
thetdemnded. It is distresainifor any Administration ,to try,.l0 pass any legislation 10 timeJust, to force us to accept,
something we cannot lceept
Rae. helm, !'e:'e .-..., V .-_,__U -.1~ --I~-~'--04¢-l92.:-1'!92..r-..h-.»iu
:1 r:
Jc.--..', ,4the W-mt is an - mun and: ,Walter E. offman,'ot Norfolk,
sion forivirginire Lop Deni-'_.3
>fY§.EQ-i
92 /
Pareane ..___Fiona
Tatum
Trotter
Neon __i.
Tole. Room _._.
Holloman _..._..
_G and 92-=492 - -I1JI£Ifm1i.;'u;l. <h1aa.;-oi E§¬¬fE13i,i1én ¢i'iE'*£ni§ ea? inn 3," - L _ e 92 end, thejpdliticimja left. -""
» ==11==1 we we *1-M P» 1.-P°...'EE?§.£ fbrre. 5-?"-i _visijn of the final bill :1 great an ...;d,:3:;nuca;vvI;flla,.v1c ry I0! U16 Sw4§b- Lindsay :_ Almond _J'r., for eon}I gyro, epeaking from one at en-nor, A. 1;, S. Step_heneto:1,[1ir;_;p"p1= truck}, surrounded §:1l_1$n;n§h§§;§rn?rl- 13¢ WE """""' u _ . ' _ B OI! OHPI; f§i."'1§l"f_-?3'.rfi A.'lPl?.:e'r1era1 whom Byrd in5 1'-*i92.*.=-"-_ ?""=."=" 1'=F, "F511 duccd is the next eE¢te* %§. 1 ' ' ' Jphat atone oi his favorite tar- . . ce1'|.l:-=~.'-"-- " =' '.ge'r.s.--Fediial District JudgeL ah-_5.tg..; ~.- - 92
whd.ha: declared unconstitu-
tional the Stare: Pupil Place-;
meet Ac; designed. gc preeeryg.{school segregetiozg-""* He quagled Holman afgay-K
ing_ _the gegtegaiion issu11;¬92?F!'fWi1I gbe settled untilF en¬1_elderl_hip u chanled, gid 'By:d:_ '-It that: the_ca'n,,xi.-.. ' ope 1_t . never he
eett d;' _ i 1 '
en-Byrcljnished talk! ,lhe . as gigen a standing av -
~tio appleexperts began fe -[§11;:__ _ .crawd,_about the lat
Wash. Post and
Times Herald
Wash. News __.______
Wash. Star
N. Y. Herald ______.._
Tribune
N. Y. Journal-
American
Y. Mirror-inc--i
-nin-i|
!
£
I
IK -JL/ by George E. Sokolsky, September l, 1957
I
x
92v
92
K;
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3
'92_. . _ , | *u'c' LY sumzux NIGHT BROADCAST.
Q, vsnxcm BROADCASTING conmxr ,_
EVENTS OF THESE DAYS. BUT FIRST MAY I PRESENT OUR ANNOUNCER FOR A
I M " |Teie. T-cani-
Mr Holiuman.
Gunn-
e DUPTBHIB 92.|DL'l.1"Ii Q L
5!
The Supreme Court has had before it 29 cases dealing with
civil rights but involving in most instances criminals, spies, communists
evil and malicious persona. In cases in which full opinions were prepare
were uanimous and in four the only dissenter was Justice Tom Clark. _
Justice Frankfurter wrote a concurring opinion, particularly when he apparently
felt that his brothers on the bench were running away with their logic.GOOD EVENING» THIS IS GEORGE SOKDLSKY TRANSCRIBING ON THE
rad _ I!_/"A - -"4' 7 .
dn
The reason that the Supreme Court took this position is that because of
changes in the Court during the Eisenhower Adinistration, the Court shifted froma majority that accepted a doctrine of strict construction of the Constitution to£!;¥r
a majority that believes in such loose construction of the Constitution as toamount to independent legislative action. k!k9
The Comission on Law and Social Action of the American Jewish Congress
has issued a brochure on the subject, highly praising this Court but on grounds
which are clearly incorrect. After stating the change in personnel after the
appointment to the bench of Messrs. Warren, Harlan, Brennan and Whittaker, this
American Jewish Congress pamphlet says:
The other crucial factor explaining the reversaltof the Court's position
is the sharp lessening of international tension during the past few years. When
the Cold Her was most severe, the fear of Communism within the United States
reached extreme proportions. The Supreme Court reflected the popular mood and was
reluctant to upset any government attempts to control internal subversion.
"With the easing of relations between the United States and the Soviet
Union, there has been a substantial lessening of fear about domestic Comunists as
a serious threat to America. The Supreme Court both reacted to and helped shape
this new climate of security by issuing a series of decisions that have moved the
balance in_favor of constitutional liberties."
This report was issued in August 1957 when the relations between the
United States and Soviet Russia were at their lowest. Syria had just taken steps
which virtually made that country a satellite of Soviet Russia. Egypt is conduct-
ing a violent anti-American campaign throughout the Arab world, particularly
c
=
i_ __ ____ r _- _ _ -»_¢ _ -,__L:_-~-,:--7--. --all:-r " 7 ~_ ~. -._..,_ _ei_4______,-. my ___7 as _ ..___-_ __.__
4 ' -
- ' 0 -2- Q 0
As a part of this propaganda, the American passport is being reduced to a meaning-
less, purposaless scrap of paper that is no longer respected in many parts of the
World e
Cold Var dead! How can any intelligent person who has any familiarity
with current conditions in the world ignore the fact that we are in the center of
the Cold War, probably in its worst period, what might be called the Egyptian pe-
riod, and that there are all the dangers of a fighting war in the Syrian situation?
# 4 #
There are wide differences of opinion concerning the Supreme Court deci- I
others holding, as I do, that they can only lead to anarchy and that they imperil
the United States. But it is impossible, under the American Constitutional system,
to justify these decisions on the grounds that the American Jewish Congress does.
Because what this pamphlet before me seeks to establish, it seems to me, is that. lsions, some holding that they represent a reaffirmation of the Bill of Rights; '
the Supreme Court is a political rather than a juridical organ of government
that President Eisenhower packed the Court for this purpose and I quote from
pamphlet: and
the
"As a result of these shifts of personnel, the core of conservative votes
that dominated the Court during the Vinson era has been replaced by a liberal group
consisting of Justices Warren, Black, Douglas and Brennan. This bloc needs the
vote of only one other Justice, in order to command a majority of the Court."
The accusation here is not only against President Eisenhower, of abusing
his power of appointment, but against the Senate Judiciary Comittee, headed by
Senator Eastland, of confirmdng improper justices, and against Justices Warren,
Brennan and Whittaker of accepting a seat on the Supreme Court bench for improper
purposes It is impossible to believe such nonsense, no matter how much one
grees with the opinions of the learned justices. 3
# # #
Congress has corrected one of the errors of the Court. This is in
matter of the Jencks Case, the decision of the Court having opened the files
r the FBI to kidnappers, murderers, Communists, spies and other criminals. It
true that the Supreme Court had no such intention, that its decision applied
M to criminal cases and only required that such documents be made available to
the production even of raw FBI files. It is therefore absurd to assume that
holiday.
92
C House, was better, but the same trickery was employed, principally under the
1 tives passed a good bill.
# # #
92 As necessary as it has been for the Jencks Decision to be corrected bydisa-
theof
is
only
de-
J fense counsel as would assist the defense. However, already judges in the lower
i courts have been giving the Jencks Decision the widest interpretation, calling for
928-11
undefined access to these files is safe; it only gives shyster lawyers a Roman
t The 0'Mahoney Bill, in the Senate, was amended under the aegis of Sena-
has Clark of Pennsylvania, Javits of New York and Morse of Oregon who succeeded
in so watering down the bill as to make it useless. The Keating Bill, in the
leadership of Representative Emanuel Celler of Brooklyn, Chairman of the House
i,,.H,__A .__..> - -- - - - --_- - _~ A~ _____ __ _ _ , __,____________ _ ,_____ ,,._.
Congress, even more important, it seems to me, is it necessary to correct the error
in the Mallory Decision. This is a case involving a rapist who confessed to this
dastardly crime while being held by the police of the District of Columbia. The
Court let this rapist go free, not because he was not guilty, but because the police
held him too long between arrest and arraignment and asked him questions after he
u-nu n'|wIn|s'|>_n I -numb 92-nave; win-II
Speaking practically, the Mallory Decision makes police work impossible.
The police will have no techniques available to them to hold suspicious persons.
It is growing increasingly difficult to fight crime, particularly in our big cities
where the nature of crime has changed from robberies, burglaries, arson and lar
cenies, to juvenile and sex crimes, including rape and murder related to rape and
fetishism. In cases of this nature, the police usually are called in too late into
the situation, when clues are cold and the case has to be built block by block out
of suspicions and general information. Under the Mallory Decision, it is likely
that the police will have fewer weapons at their disposal. They will be hampered
by criminal lawyers who will employ both the Jencks and the Mallory Decisions against
them.
Only hot house" lawyers could have handed down such a decision as the
Malloryu i .
###-
Sound American doctrine accepts the view that the defendant is entitled
to know the nature of the felonies or misdemeanors with which he is charged; to be
faced by his accusers; and to have a trial in an open court before a jury of his
peers and represented by counsel. But this does not mean that the police power of
government should be abolished and that government should have no means to protect
the life and property of its people. Such a course is anarchy. Only Pharisaic
mentalities, living in a vacuum, could believe in such an anarchy.
# # #
IN JUST A MOMENT, I'LL es BACK wrm YOU.
###
The Wisconsin election to fill the Senate seat of the late Joe McCarthy
was won by the Democrats in an astonishing upset. Walter Kohler, who had been
Governor of Wisconsin for three terms, who had the support of President Eisenhower
and who has been regarded as an Eisenhower man, was roundly defeated.
It was a defeat for Eisenhower and his Modern Republicanism. It means
that enough Republicans in Wisconsin voted Democratic or did not vote at all to
make the differece. The ghost of Joe Hcarthy walked in that election.
###
THANK ICU. THIS IS GEORGE SOKOLSKY. GOOD NIGHT.
-ooOoo-
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i- TRIAL T0 -RE192IEMBE§tifT!.te
SAMUEL CHASE I5 Ii-.'Diggin'g' around in histories and reference boolrs'_ for;._ ' terisl for oui-."Amer-icnns to ltememberf Sunday edl-=,gtorials, we've krun atcross the story pi. en almost, forgottenl" ' ' ' trial which we,think_American_s;
W18-v s1.-wllld by ell mém remw.- -
It was the'hi;.i on impeach--"
charges of a U. B. Supreme-
Associate Justice, no less. l
seems well worth retell-'..
days, grhea more andore of "as are fwonderirig ewliat"
anything can be done to persuede
Earl Warren Supreme. _C_ourt' to
aid and cémiort to the
in t.i1= 0!. sold
we - ncren y,wo1rrya u'__eT;. , 5"'"1=|. QF".-4 e Supreme'.Court-is nothing new,-,
LAB longago as 1823, Thomas Jefferson wrote to s;-fendf
of his that there is no dan e I h dm
if
- ' _ _ e , 3' 1' appreen so znuch as_the._';eor_3sol1dation of our _Gove'rm'nent [into one all-powerful T
-organization based _in Washington] bi the noiseless',.kand_.Ehe:-retfgre _unaler:_ni_ng, in_strun_aenta_1ity_ lot" the Suprernef0 , ,__-_-.-. - f. ,-1-.,. .-'={_;t-,5. .- L it
sun earlier 821!, Jefferson sea .-'e'rsiree.inelne-"
;friend that "it has -long T. ; . been my opinion . ; . that the
."g'erm of dissolution of federal government is in the con-
_stituti'on of the federal judiciary; an irresponsible body,
for impeachment is scarcely s. scarecrow!, working likegravity by night and day. gaining a _1it_tle today and is '
qhttle tomorrow, and adpvancrnggts noiseless step'.1ik9 jl 'l Lthief, over the eld pfjurisdiction, until all shall be usurped efrgom the States_, and the governrnent of all be cénsogdstefi '-n on , ' .-.. ~ -i}"..*_"~_._- ., - -- -
I '.The Supreme. Court justice referred to above foundif
uthat impeachment was something more than the riui-re
scare-crow which Jefferson believed it to be. * 92' 1 *1 tr»: 'IC%ais jurist rages Siginuel Chase ' _1.741-1811!; -""3-Q. 7". Q";use was ee_vat_ to the S _ Court f lth ;¢]é_U Iary1arrd, }_enera1tC§>urt in 119%. llisrtrlielszl .emi:l1e£1:£¬e.:Hmg | -' ave -' 'lBully 01!? b echme.%onlgul1 :ioz¬r and gr? bi'<?v:beatig1't_'.Il:_Y ' of attomey's1.snd courfe ted ts.- On? B§'?r"' two'o.c"casions', eminentLIas»?yI:;r:nwsB:ed. ,'§__o'ut of court because of Chase. -- .~ ,;-;__-f; -*11.~-*-_» ,;j - {Once-he le__:_ the Supreme Court without"; quorum"_ lule he went on a political speechmaking tour.- ; J .-T " -_'~'shr1:oiipIe of case?! by the court in 1800, Chase"1 w s e _aw unmerc u_ _ in order to bring in decisions?'~f9fT!I;'D!r£1@.=. he ea;
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olloman _...._-
and? --+
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NOT RECORDED
141$-EP F1951.
_
Wash. Post and __._.__..
Times Herald
Wash. News ____.-_-
Wash. Star
N. Y. Herald ._._._.__._
Tribune
N. Y. Journal-_.......__._
American
N. Y. Mirror
N. Y. Daily News _rf__
N. Y. Times .__-_-
Datly Worker _-__-_....._..-
The Worker ,_,____.___...
New Leader .____-_-ii-Z-1|
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T [n_Ee.bru£r§'of_T8§E]TEtice Chase deliver g-iremembered speech to'a grand jury in Baltimore. In this
diatribe, he screeched that the United States was going to
hell in a handbasket because Congresswas passing laws
1 affecting the federal judiciary, setting up universal suff-
rage, and acting in-various otherhways which he didn't
approve. The Executive branch came_in'for a similarcuss-
ing-out. We should, Chase concluded, become a monarchy;0
. , _g .9 - '_f~>; .1-_ I ...»:,~.,;,_'»¢;f,; _-_ -.,;
That speech tore it. President Thomas Jefferson readit. and immediately suggested to Rep. .To:eiph'Nic_hoisonof Maryland that Chase should be impeach := '1 .
- Jeiferson kept in the background, as betted the Presi-
dent. Theimpeachment was moved in _the House by the.
giamous and ery John Randolph of Roanoke, Va., and the
pHouse_ on N_ov. 30, 1804, indicted Chase on eight counts.. - - . , , His trial by the Senate ranCh_ase_¬ot A_wa_y from Jan. 2 _to March 1,_1sos.._W;¢h fg._.Bug_é__y _ Qhase might well have been15 _ a_ .» . ~ _ convicted by the necessary two-
thlrds vote of the Senate, had somebody besideslohn Ran-
dolph been attorney for the prosecution..- -. _; I3 ~._;.=@§ Unluckiiy for Chase's foes. Randolph was a goo'd den?
Lbetter at making*a erce, dagger-sharp speech than =he92was;at_haudling a trial in a court. His conduct during Chase;
Itrial in the Senate seems to have been just aboutas offen-Lswe as Chase's own rudeness on the bench had been.
I Chase eventually was 'hcquit'ted, though Senatecame within four votes of convicting him on one of the
eight counts. He resumed his seat on the Supreme Gourt,i
;_wh'ere, says t_he Encyclopedia Americana, Fhe continued to
exercise his Judicial functions with the highest reputation- 77*? V i H W _ _ ____ _ _ _ _ __ ...... --~» ---- -I --i
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till 1811, in which year his health £aiied."~- ' - 1" ~ 5';
_S_o Chase got away with his misconduct. But the fact"remains that Congress nally called him on it,- and hispeachment made him a sadder-,_wiser and more cautious mad."
, " It seems unnecessary to point out the moral of all this
to-presentday americans. I j _ ,-';:'J
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'1'!" Iliwaker asserted that,teachin£ violent overthrow of
i0- ll HIV. O-1-5!!
The session held in the M
the Supreme C-'ourtHesded?" . ta Qi92.e.reeter.zir'.g the rte
;c092n't's decisions, es dead" l1Eht" was _ rles is.92B@=l<>=1 lawyer an uthor.Present-ins a sharplyliv 1-gent
i. .-- _ _ - -ieral. n1n[gi§mg|d Q mp.
'.1Il.¬L.1llii£:_.qI then. s,_ Qqirtvfognpetgls for the"Dlstrlct wastn era r. _ I,
i Four Msior Cases .
Highlighted 1:1 teeciseussier.
were the following cases: l
N 1. Jencks, in whiclrthe Bu-
Dreme Court ruled that per-
tinent reports oi FBI witnesses
ijwho testify aealnst a defendant
42111 lie opened to his inspec-
tion. 7 . . e "
2. Yates. in which the court
held that the Smith Act does
not prohibit advocating or
the Government as an abstract
principle divorced from in? ef-
8- Sweezy. in which the courtfort to instisste action. 7
held that a contempt convictionfor e man who refused to answer
1'
3
J
1questions of e New Hampshire
legislative committee as to 8
university lecture he gave
_vio1ated _hls Constitutional
N-rights to due process of law.-ti 4 Watkins which- . lp _ the
court held that the subject of
a Congressional inquiry and the
!Je1t%cy of r-ny questionstmust be made clear to a witness.
~ Referrlnl to the Jencks deci-
sion Mr. Curtis declared: Allitdfdwastotell the Justice3:2!-I"HB.'l1t_ to out up or shut' 1 "tie! .3-.*'_=
ease would not have raised.
such a stir if Justice Clarknot made what seems to me
Blfvliqulll ugicalled-for remark.when no said that unless Con-Lm" hllél theizulhte, intelli I _ w ' _ I1 08 In ll W8 lam " "P.vh¢e.'-..-.-._.. I.'Z*" ... _; the topic ' In What Direction lea
opinion we Louis %- Wrg an,New Hompsh 1' I gen-Ekj ' hnrnowiraorinurxm ;'. _ llecent gupreme Court decisionseln cases involving sub-
i
I,- 0
' "1 11 We" P" M. Fdikr easiest trrsnnr" me roiinreeize as civics unwhrrsnted meets» --
HtrietBa.r Assoclui:lonlestnizht.-- , i I-1--.'
. - - _Y"°."t'§';=¢i!.1=!e1."=i,srgw¢~92_ 57-! _ ~_}.", _ '
"E"eas'*g of the Yates cese.'!ilintnizt m e'
W point as he saw it was the deepdlerence hetween belief andlaction." He said that. in that
case, the court had to decide;
fwhether "we end Ccnzress areFtoo scared and too mm tej
look at things and think clear- -ll _ 1 . 1
Of Bweezy, the speaker de-
clared the New Hampshire au-
92 thorities "neslectedone thingthe respect pwe all owe to the1
thought we-hate." He told his
ilisteners that he. too. would
have declined to answer ques-_
92 tions about university lecturesll or his friends ailiiiations imlesn
I too thought they were sub-'1
versive. - 92 :-"' _ _
92 Mr. Wyman hammered at thepoint that a wide gulf ups-i
rates political belie! from mem-bership lntor advocacy of "the
Gom.m1l_Me- Parts. conspiracytto do violence to all things we
hold dear." . . i
Sees lncounleinenl _Iii. i _::_ :__ _ _ __ 7777 7 " ' '
A "
0 O _x
" '~ 2 E 'l.he_ court decisions. he said.-
iaharply limited the_investi¢s-41nothlns ca92n"be' done
He noted that such teachlnt?
can be especial]! harmful if
ressionable.
" Bees Prillfell Voideil 1'F-he audience is icons and h'~-r-
t_ive process at a time when piTolso ' -
4/£2: manf
' ' Parsons
Boson
-->1 Tr _
Noose
Tole. , _oin _
" uchofD n to Communists by I coinrnunism poses a serlotfll If l-lollomcn _..__opposing speexere addressing en overow meetins oi the Dis- 1;m,,,M,_ ; N 92 Gcindy _.___
oi; rlrosress that,-*ha.s&DYevio1Js-1! 99¢-B ml5°-mt
lei-ieckin: Communist activitih
iihas been wiped out bi 1111880
tdecisiona. which in turn bl"
. agsggneg a nebulous forrrhila to.
the smith Act: oroscrivtml.tend pronounced Ophemeral..ooncept| of pertinenw Which]"will permit a witness to cite
sweesy or Watkins as a reason
X for refusal to answer W1-ii-= 1'-N92 net result that nobody will.1 1- L1; know what he means. Y
he cannot be prosecuted f°l'492cqnteipi because e iiiii;th value. . i. - 925 -%6.r.'.%-92'nold summed til! theyTgygnmfsdiscussion seyins thequestion at issue was: "gs there 92
e, type of orthodoxy so sneer-Lus that lt should be euneweoti92 A"
4 ___; . _A_ V, ipww .__»_ A_ ~ ~ ~ ;;;
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e ~92 _. 5_- _ 1. _ 4: 92 e ~
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mom 92._--.=~w:u/mi i y;-o
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is mm 0'n0'rm1§1.L"' '1-ii=~' ' oshingtn syopt. 11'._Repo1-tfrvm the b*¥"§§"§fr-51°
Potumacl".-. l - . - ' it 'l . Politically speakinx, it's mighty lonesorne down here. The ' 1 tionin on the site of a onetime n<>orh°921"*§°?§§.-iii lvyuthe nmdins fl-11*" ' " °' m°3' C
' hi t S atora andléhhrktretlgen lave lfitéhrhil iton! of town. Some ave tllfen
families, others tool: 11915155»plug good-l00l{lll[ 850!-?:l_1'l¬5v to
-prob¢ the'l'lIl.l01 'Pl'° F uniii:-onting broken down and 80601111-rgbe foreign countries. Most of
-them, however, have 8°"! Mmto gure out what ting HI! 5°1,0 get reélected come _ ovember,1958- _ - ' Y , '
*=~§%:ir~= i;'.r*":;:- no , ll;:ryo:w::?? rlrom I their benches:
This two-year-old segregation Ile-Z168 orhiheis is aettins e titheotto an e. - -"' "'- 7'
= One of the N2?! _1"'°t~h§"
ea-me up with the tred:F-!-e.:1_d!e-
net table "now don92£ °lI lll'_'
overture to the !'el11I>1'k5.4.'*'-,< '_.. H you think eurvtisioaha rested basic racia - TIMin l.i-ttle Koch and elsewhere. Vb!
don't 0 look u what! hi - y u ll; _ P %ned up in Can _ 111- -' '1 1 .-xexico!» _V . __ S _.__ ,1 1 Pr:-a lllnletlt-_ ' "inn e'F""'_'.=e'-'1?-em?-Vii; never knew that '.:-h;I;?5l-segregation in its public In ,l-,_ - " - . - , i - 'i ol£theBrl'shweel:l n! _"éan 'll}:erl:- :3 hzuifeztmmllblni 9'.-1'lK=.lPl" uh Edl
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_ _ _ __,|:___'__;r_____._'l_'*_L4..._,. Y0 MI I-RP !og.'theeausa of their on in oi 1-we -i 3"-F-oi-." '1~|i.' 3'iii,l '=l.'m.' -ii. "' i ' §"...' P. ' . . K , - . I n one K[,llI;1|- All F t-month battle the -knadian '?71l'I'll,I§:l|l>1*===-i"=%:.i,i.;~.{ =;-ii-.":,..::-."...'!<-:..:" 1'-e :1-F ll . -' 2-an"sea. snare ii; is-,.=;. i'§"ij1=..;'92I92_1;_A Thekmbhm or uwwblk Md in .
{ted It:, 1se'uaessi~iIis'1iii1ra"""'.!.'!ii"f-""E._:e;"."1'he_,0li_1rr -y lsaiesnir, nah reifiiu Q.I 1 it
92.'}II=l {QM-"=2"? ell lllllpeaad to own Canada and'__l _-or-ii nexoi-e tun ioreoears of anym in Q1 an U_92. or the Canadian lnlniatliever, these shores,1+ gifugrei the white invaders Imported ela-re; IronLY uaone*:--;'=-=---1i*-- ~- »-*~-- 92 - -' - l-i-Lihaurs Gem-tbeckIn'54he dlela1"" '92 Clnldil" hillliq in Bttawa oigei-lg: thh l3:llIhltiukf:'.th:°]:lschools in Onta o of the c some Ili.lI00_ Ojlbway Iudiwee bitterly *1-eeenIeo-ans gr . Ojibwazs. at e-#5-~ '1--7:-1»c There are an equal nun: of this Oji w'aj'I:ribg'l11 :15; U1;States. We usually call them Chippewas. All are deeoendanta oi .belie Alronquiu mop which proudly held the huntin groundsthe Great Lek and-stretched their authority westward from Leic Em and Home to Minnesota and Canada's Manitoba. -' .,.-l Bo here we here er etreege eitnetier.-froin whia'i we iilearn a lesson. The tribal chieftaina have gone to Ottawa and bluedeclared h tt a _theI refuse to have their segregated Indie aehq92 ";>¢b92':d lb white children and furthermore don't want theirehiidi
sent to white schools. Important} the natire Amerieanh In:Wthif tlttillll stick. _--___. , _- y ..'?.-. - -~ _-1., I _
t _ ~. - e >_ - A Creel Aimed of Prime Mlelafer .1; '
I - of which brought the iardonie crack from London; dire:92 at Prune Mmtster t most timely for American e1 siderahon in our days of racial headaebeawhich reads:-' ~ xv,"-
; .- I_t is indeed strange that -nowadays one should have to go; far afield as the {larden River reservejn Canada or the Masai 1 Berve_ln _Easl Africa be sure of finding pride of race and the
92 not be 1 2006 idenfi: Harold Macmillan and his internationalist .
leagues the cabinet could be prevailed up to go and live Io:periotivvveth the Opbway Indiana in the hope I discovering th
I It will be a hilarious twist for the historians a thousand ye
hence, if any of na survive a large, economy-sins hydrogen bot
to chew over the idea that the natives of the North American cw
tment were the one submerged group in the most powerful militar
, area which vigorously persisted in its insistence on racial purity and finally managed to survive. Strike the tepees, yo&bravcs, e-
scalp the squsw maul - . ' : - -- . . "
The Frenchman Jean Dutourd, in his swell novel, . '1"be Tau
of the Marne," reveals that he loves his Galliorace, his eeun-try, 1
traditions, its superb past, but nally realizes with sad anger thits life blood has been diluted and draiuedthe same fear whi
1 im eta the last of the Algonquins to protest adinixture with tpal!el'l¢O;.- , ' - _. - ~ _ ._ ;. y ,=_,_ .
As Ainerican reviewer Revilo Oliver wrote: -. '_", "_" ', _
This angry and despairing book is born of one clear iznsigl
That world unity and peace are the visions dreamed by dyinations which have nothing to lose lg.them'. H. -Dutonrd knows,all men who are not cowards know, _ t in the lastanalysis, natio
live and die by blood and steel alone. And knowing this, he has t
courage» to love his country. Amid the shrill gahble ofhomunc
who_ try to substitute words for facts, he sifirms the ancient faith
men who ere spiritually as well as physiologically male: duleerhulnhsvn Ania Iln nn<l-I-iaI'bau-in-LN - f ' - ,,- T," ' F-7 '-'---"---" --" r-92' a""""" "-"'1 " - t J * '*"_
And theniis s ring drop oi acid truth: -- - Pi-9 ' This is a bookuthat wm dismay the egicene little int-ellectmwho twitter in our State De and laneh the cheeks oi
sleek eunuchs who fawn npoa fe e voterswith sweet sothin_
aboutihe impossibility o!_ war. If France can yet 15':-oduce inen, _whnuhpqnited Stateaif 1'7 - -;-- .3-_;_;-I__q;.:e_¢;~'. J2;~"§_92. l ' 92§- L; T -I "Q '_ ' 751. * D,- ",. -= '_ 4. tr r92 ten-::i::=t:e.-.: temiintaan theii ow; distinctive traciiizioua. Would
'L -- . r I Y - _ @- i L '- - .' . ' . "f'w-~'- - ."-" -.1" ' .L -- --Q--'1 Y" _" '..- '-"" iii;i _.'a. -}'__;_._'-.{§_; E_b.'-_1;~.:s_;_L'_"~ - ' "' e - b ' ' -'
' -' T. F-1:? v :1 1:
SEP 181957-I ~f¢"/*7*~ é .. .
NOT nzconnts
_1410GT 3 1951 .-/
I
Mt. M".'1r ..
Mr. Parsons beCapitol Stuff 1921=.n~:%i_
3 L 92-
Mr 9 l J in s! %/I §§:§2?;i?
K Mr. Tu »----
/ Mr. M _ e ..
- Z , Nessa ... A
BY JOh1'1 0'DOI'1I1611 Tele. Room_..__.
Mr. Hollomnm;F5 Daily News, Sept. 18 M G *" go / 9 I
I! V - bu. IW °<{92/W It
ifaghingtgn, $apa_;_ 17-......¬l.justice§', as y"ouIve probably
noted, are far away from their becheThis two-year-old segregat-lion-decz
of theirs is getting a bit too hot to handle.
However, one of the legal brothers remargd, "Ir you think our decision
has created basic racial turmoil, why donit you look up what's happened up
in Canada?" Well, I did. In the current issue of the British weekly news
letter Candour, we read these illuminating paragraph which made this
American wince. Under the headline "Red Indians Set Example" came the repo
nThe Ojibway Indians of the Garden River reserve in Canada have war} a great
victory for the cause of their own blood. Ottawa had decreed that '_the
-_.-, I
children of the Indians should be 'integrate'd' in the" public schools system
The Ojibway tribe strenuously objected, and_ after an feight-month battle theCanadian government has climed down. Indian O1'lild1i62'J8.I6 13 be brought up. 92 -X - _ ,
Tl.l /df;_t. "-
as Indian children_and not as synthetic whites. NOT RECORD.-:0
iii OCT 3 195All of which brought the sardonic crack from London directed at PrimeD
Minister nacmillan;-but most timely for American eonsideration In our days
of racial headaches: "It is indeed strange that nowadays one should he.V6 tc
go as far afield as the Garden River reserve in Canada...to be sure of
1|; __ __.s -|_ 4ing pride 01 race and the determination to maintain their own distincti92
I .
traditions. Would it not be a good idea if Macmillan and his internationali
colleagues in the cabinet could be prevailed upon to go and live for a peric
with the Qjibway Indians in the hope of discovering their secret?"
64 °3Tf-E 1357 ~?? at 4 - "
,¢
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n I C N. Y. Journal-
I,.,s,._..__r.-is-.. .a|t-__sn¢_:, -Iiullk _ H g
0-Ii ROI. I-7-SO]
I E I
._ . 7. . 7 " '.I"' 7'...__--_n t. é - ~ A -
High Court is Huma*n' "
. I ']:l-IE wordoi the U.
_ , _ "law and it never defends its eclsions.1-"?-Ff - None oi the $L+.it5ee heeever. mede -' N speech to answer mac! the 5nniEFi"r1o§
5'5;-.._,_ of its recent civil ll rties decisions tho.""~"_ 1,...;._;; :=> _'é;E_92~»_§ J :.; -: ; 1
.>-- -' 92 .
t an even a congressional investigation. --
however, yesterday made an inlormal talk.p oeiore a srnaii group oi ¬_Ii¬1éiiE1iiiC'léi"§
here in Washington, _!r_lU_which helpre-1z " senteti the court has an extremely human___-h " institution, as well as the permanent key-
' . stone at American ovemment Justice
i betore_he u_r_as named to the court 12 years ago. - 'Incidentally, iustice Burton thinks that only peed willcome out or the House Judiciary subcommittee llV¢Stig8.-tion of the court next_yea.r. '. §. " '-"1 :' -1- 1, .'Most oi! the proposals now belnimede to limit the Su-reme Court or retorrn It were re
rnat_le' when the U.-S.
onstitution was being drafted 170 ye'ars_a_goj says? Justiceurton. ' - - ~92 ' "» ' |u .- 1
their have brought on a torrent ot a'buse'
Associate Justice Harold R Burton
Burton was mayor of Cleveland ant? senator Iron:0 _p $9
To on,,-,.s.¥§=*poonimon-W Belmont
Hob:
one
Tom
Trotter
- Neon
Tale. Hoom _.-_-
Hollomon ___.-.
Gondy _.-_.---
u
|
.--1.; .Ir--r'*.- -..h .__*.--.2 .. ..i iByPeterEdsoir
w ! .' .'i.- . I ;. __92 ._..
. One propoael is thatthe President be restricted to eicpeylfilengd judges in his $upreme_Court_ nominations. This is.
e. to .. at people like .!::st.ce Burton himself, who was i oi?"aw director tho he never sat on the nch, and at Chic;.iIu3tice_ Earl Warren, California: ex-governor but never 0.uge.~ -. - - ---Since. there.ore no restrictions in the Constitution onwhorn_the President may nominate to the Supreme Court,anvlnew restrictions would be unconstitutional in Justicenun-tons Oplll-10!L ' He points out, however, that' the Senate
already has cornpiete" authority to impose or omit unitormstendarzis for -justices when it reiccts or conrms eachnominat on; - ' '- . ' - . iOther groposals are being made to remove Supreme Court
justices om the bench tor unpopular decisions. This was
also proposed in 1781. The idea was that Qonvress might
remove justices by joint resolution. This would havebeen_ml.1r_del', says Justice Burton. The proposal was voted down,eight states to one.-~ -r. 1- ' - ' ' - ' -J
'Instead,'provision was niade for House oi Represent Ivesirripeaclimentiot justices, the President and all other F ere]
civil officials if convicted by I two thirds vote in the S H , - _ ne., c i . . , _ _ e. ;. -I ; '-= No Supreme Court justice has ever been im*ea-it- -I _ _ -- -;_ _ Ti -114?? I'l -- ._ _ '¢l>:1 _ .. ' '
Mil"
I
U
/ _ 5' /1 I Dnilv Worker__-_i» .. .. "T311 ._-1
W V ' H Hush. Post and _._-_-_- _
- ~'*"" Times Herald""' Wash. News _il-
Wosh. Stu:
N. Y. Herald
American
N. Y. Mirror
N. Y. Daily News .__._-
J N Y Times
" The WorkerD92 K15-RECORD: New Leadermggp as 1951 _-. ,_
*____r_..... ggv-;q1es1-_ I Q -II" Date " ""
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7liLJ__._.m2__ 'l'|._a£-_;'._'I
en ivuuonas
Ways I sfC_an_C]1cckf
; WASHINGTON, Sept. 18.-Man: people are alkins
it public sentiment desired it. a decision oi the Supreme5"Prém'¢ Br mm ; v r
e.ftheI_Imt-edétet-e.-I@hei'ever!ed. "
. - There are many ways. In the past a Con92stltutionai
ment has at times been ionnd necessary. but where the
Court goes beyond ituneiion and legislate:
orwhenitseisiteellupasatrialcourtand
refuses to hear evidence on both sides-
as happened in the "desegregation" case of
1954--then Coll-B'l'ess can takepass a law specifying rules foroilow thereafter. ' ,-
In the "desegregation" decision oi 1954.
the upreme Court decided the case primarily
not on questions oi law or interpretation oiline Constitution, but on the basis of whatIn deemed psychological or socioloiiesl con-
siderations. Although the writings of some
eociolozists-one oi them a prominent Com.-
'munist sympathlzerwere cited by the
Supreme Court. no opportunity was given{tor cross-examination or refutation oi thoseaocloloiists nor for the iintroduction 01 con-
trary evidence from other wia hand and
the Court to
tnesses. The
Ethe psychological issues were not raised there.
{<3
'-
*'}
4..
-.;-'oiI Congress can remedy the situa-
jtion by ennctinu a law spool!!-in: that the Supreme Court
jtake into consideragion. theevidence on both si es aidisptite. In recent months the
, Supreme Court has been espe-* ieimy solicltous about Com-' munisis and has reversed de-. cisions where the credibility of
some witnesses had been chal-
lenged. not in the some case
but in other cases. That's gains
pretty tar even to help the case
oi Communists charted with
sedition. Certainly, the people
or the gouth are entitled at
i-sash-bra parii¢_aI.ith-£om-Lawrencetrial court itselr had received no evidence on the sublect
LWhen the supreme tribunal renders a decision with t
hearin: all the evidence or when it disregards the lack t
evidence in a trial court below. there is bound to be resen1 "_' '_"_ ' " . I
~' i. Qlli-es Constitution " '
The riiht oi Congress
rmulate rules for the Supr
, curt to follow is derived 1 m
1.! III oi the Constitution.
whichsars: -. - .-_
92_ In all eases affecting Ambas-
sadors, other public ministers
and consuls. and those in which,
a state shall be a party. theSullnme Court shall have orlgi-1
, he-1' liiriscti.-":2. In all the
Other cases heiore mentioned,
the Supreme Court shall have
aweliate Jurisdiction. both as
to law and fact. vqlth such ex.
ceptions and under such rem-
lstions as the Congress than
m*k??!'*~ '. "T is 1- i
' This could be applied so that
Congress would not let the Su-
Preme Court have any im-1|-
diction whatsoever in the tutme
in certain cases and the final
tiecliinni would he rendered by
state courts in each locality.
This has happened before in
,American_ history. especially in
vontrovenies in the ne-
censtruction era.
Writer recently have argued thatConzress cannot write rules In-}j
ill! Buweme Court in those;_ Msome letters received or the
. . I0
~ m-- 's4;:~ »'~.»'e; ; .,_ *.. ,___,
-7-"-'-1"-"7'?--' s cu-e-Le35$? the Cu ' '
itseii as to Jrhsn
parts a
Ihell cilekl-I .
board. the .
that the -
dividuals
members .
lan ac-stcause. it is
has exceeded its powers
tions should not be censidered_~_
"state action. 'It isn't the state -
but the m1nvidu_a_ls eelln_I'
under color 01 law; who are
|ued._ J-_, .. - C -*
Eleventh Amendment >'
At any rate. the Eleventh
Amendment to the Constitutloit.
adopted in I798. specifics-ll! 11.-,
serves t_o- state courts the
Jurisdiction oi! "suits between
citizens and a state. It pro-
hibits the exercise oi such
iuriedictiun B7 .111 Federal
courts as sveli as by the Bu-_
"pi-eme Court of the "United
Btatet.» - - ".
I1 the Arnerican people, how-;
ever. wish to live hact_to the-
staterall rishts and Powers-I
taken from them by a Supreme
;Court decision--to deal with
-public schools ang edwéigiongmatters. a ens on
Amendment would be the most
effective method. Such an
amendment could declare thati"notwithste.nd1n£' Article Ill,land the Fifth and Fourteenth
Amendments or any other Dro-
:*.:"""- "* ""1. §°iI'.2.iii e power to can o one
to cpulsllc ;1choe1st;'5idtoregulat: an e. m later eprocesscse
public education is one 01 the
powers reserved to the sta
~..==:::::*so'onoernlns webs andmeans_ oi{preventing "entorced' associa-Ltien o! citizens azainst. their
will, the foiiioing" rnethoiii will
come more and m;se-mus'pui>-
_ e:9g,iv.r.Herey rvunm; Inc.j
_.
,..4 , -
olaon
Nichol
_ Boar onBelmont
iloh:
or n
Tumm
Trotter
Haas:
Tele. Room
Hoilomdn
Gondy
.|/W
1% *7. C .
GT Rcconnrp _
141 SEP 23 1951.4
-ui_|1_,_,,__,__i___ -u1.-1
|vnsh. Post and .____.__
Times Herold
Wash. News _.._._.__
Wash. StarZei-
ii.
if
_.-_.-it
#5-
e
-='92.
r
92-
._ -
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., R-
!i~_TT_ * i1"!" J". $3 ' K ,1.-"'1* _.
i
.1.4: _.. ..
it-%cg$_ ;
of 1
'r~o_- _has risen
many citiesLL! 9.1} Rev. I-7-50]
wt 1".
.._ . --1
speech.
history end
we e-alt
witnout4-Ull
inconsistencice enterle
0!
my ofor wouldmiitey venture to recommend9..
I-
Ill
Minnesota end
have-iblned m
i
Bu
ver
Presid_e,nt_l{ the United Bi-Ital hieby the end and lead them into
Is.c_tm'ies where their. right to ,
constitutions! right--is denied thexn!>-'-T". tr_"-r labor ProiensNor has the Governor of lnfstste come
witi:'.s|_ieh' e solution for the profalem
when labor unionism does whet Con-
éii
oi. U1e
ve
derived
unions__£_to cross. This is st concerted
F" freedom of the press as itaction that deprives. In-I-nyforbidden to do-abridge the
Dress dnder the celor" of luv".
and picketln: powers ere. of
Yet none of the so-calledclosizz dow$ oi newspaper plants inestebltsulqg picket lines which laborere not than-.se!ves perttea w the dis-outs reftise/A/$1.. /I
§??isnow
"- so
Gmm
otter.|
I-.
, _ _ Q58L I 'T -I. __-___
P .,/gt; _..
. v V5faith
broltl
event. .. A
"92'92................ WWall is the sudden in ,' 7.
tree sreci1.iii?l1
i assembly. blobhive been widely _.;.
as runrantiu writ-_ _In Bii '..
order issued in.Nesl1vi_iie,,-
lest week--duplicatingpreviously issueld at Honde,and Clinton, enn.»-:q-.th
ml! I boycott 44 the .
W100! but my Dictetingf
vicinity under penalty up-_without iuri in-01Barents who leer they K
thousands of workers ofIwsteria has zeneso 92
, their demands hive been tn eOvuortunity and risht to wt the use or Pbdgrnl gm» ug
denies 1' Inves tion. ' , and just as effectually
G011-Iei Wiether even to di|- -cunt with others.-the mom; Mitheir children to brim-to schools.": Yet. it these citizens were to» ,L/v"9 /1//
929"V
I Where were the exponents o!
the doctrines oi American con~;:rest had ordered it.-* "Ft
._'stitutions.lis:n when. during the
recent strikes st verious West-.
inihoee Qtsnts. violence broke
out odd men? workers had
their on-s overturned at theIsobar! Estes and were other-ftdse bodily prevented from
zhsvins wees: to their iohst
§_1*.l,/.- nnrei-.et ix f
'I;he,Ce1iromie Federation oiLabor is stirred up over the
lust urged impeachment or Little Roc.imii;ue.ti0n that it has
President Eisenhower or not
taking ioreeill notion 0! $2:has to at the colored chu-
lxen into the high school in
yttle Rock. But that lune oe-
'tion would hardly hvnr
y turcefnimeasures to ehsble
_ quest, ia.wf-gblding white Or
0"! Worklnzm tcenter s.,When tnez-e':§ strike.
_mm:i~ Jeers _nbw- thehave denounced ins
oi the National Guard/to I8 588118 I8
n-.ed States n92.e."..hei: to es=
ortlthe colored children into
chools in Arkansas. Director
. Eda: Hoover deplore: any
oh suggestion, and The Wall
treet Jo_u.rna.i lngplies in an
ditorial that the pressure tor
ch I move came from thexta-emista inside the Deput-ent oiAJustloe._ "~ .g>'»:_-v,i__.<. _ .
-_ Pissing Un Buok_I'inn'Time was when tbeR.te Ben. 1»!ece.-*..t<.:,' we: eonde -ted hi"e ,so-celled I|ib£l'n;" ml.
vine suglested that book;
tten -h1.~'communists. and
unlit s_jnnpnth.lzeru' be
oi! ue shelves of oj-.
out muted Bteies um-_n-xei
".2: We :*..e~*~*. 17811. ,7 Itd or mi: awrgm "me?veatttn-es. , uc eberry-'3' Yilf 0!
. . _oIthe world tog
rnini-generations--is I11-'0i!Ded*
' -Bot no u . onNew. fork City schools bees?
§h==o:,&-4/etneuazurau-'%n92.b!e m espouse the ~ ** '0 .-,oooh: o!_ communism or $1." -
advocete ll0dh'|.nes' !h'at:i'svot-'the Ovcrthrpw '0! in-v_a-11.:ment by Ior_oe,"tl:ey'wou1eoi
immunized from prosecution
Wqnrdins to recent decision 9'!théu r --D eme Co That: theJew er. Andtouch are the 1LYDOc!'1sies at the WI---' l L 4 ~Q 1957. N, Y. Herald Tribune--LA: " ' .-I
, 1 I
924;:.?.:i~7§'<f~.z"l./._'NOT asconnezn
ii1UC1T as 1957,
in-III--ii
, .92 I. .. 4 K..- ' -I - --. '_-92 ._ " '
. '-.92'- I.~
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Times Herald
Wash. Nevfd i___...._..__Wash.
Ne Ye Hgfla -d--lh---
Trlbuna -
N. Y. Journal-
American
N. Y. Mirror
N. Y. Daily News i__..
N. Y. Times
Dolly Worker _i___.
The Worker '
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Against Insulting arid" - lrreaponaibi'a'Critlol
y beeiallofiallcuin-iIhIL. .i ,1
WABHINGTOIN, Sept. I11 president or the Amerléaii
Association called -en- rimn lawyer: toniglit to§"spe " ~_de!enae of _ Q90". _tn_f-""' S" _...22mmo.£m_1_1;¢. Charles 8. Rhyrie deplored
{what lie called ."lrresponsible'
crlticlam" or the oourt aorn or | . ' au- 'it downright pe_|:'5onl.l and m-TM,
euitlng viiicatlon. - I Bl! of the nine SupremeTl!ill'_'Oourt justices heard Mr. Rhynespeak. He addresaeu the a,n-
huai dinner ot |;he,FCdQI'l.| Bar
Association, a group of present
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i "There la danger indeed," Mr.Rhyne said, "when the court;is assailed by aenaible and
{well-inteni.lone_d citizen: whohave let their disagreement
with indiviiual decision: lead.them into irresponsible crlLi~§clam of the court ea an inatru-;
rnent or government or evenlrlto persona! criticism of lta'_members." " =
,' Mr. Rhyme applauded rea- '.soned criticism of judicial led-,slons." Butdie sam that auchlcriticism in recent cues had a; all too often been drowned mitt
by a panicky chorus oi! denunci-'92L|0l'l.," . ' ¢ - .
; ' "These were undoubtedly con-
troversial decisions," he aaid,92"But what case in the Supreme! -Courttis not highlwntmwmmid ighiy impo ril? There
are no easy cases in the Bu-.
preme Court of the Unltedii'-Statel." ". - :1 I92
92 .att-wk; ~. "We cannot he mntenl
1! to note the oomtorting Iti:-t.an _l!utitIl0n which h
aurriyeq the petu1ano¢.and deuu
and we Roosevelt!-almos
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shield oi the liberties of the
le-ae indeed it llthe ba_r
be the ahielq oi. the dig-
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Y Washington, Sept. 23.-L-Quietly, always in most re;
A might well be-asked the simple queatxon: _ . . Gentlemen; do you think you were intelligent or wise ii your'54 eegregation decision regarding public ach a! You reversed a-decisnon by an earlier Supreme ourt. Do you think now you are
w1ser_than_it was! Are you _ - - uWltchllig what's happening inLittle 92 I "92~- -
- It is the duty of Jahe sov-
ereign, individual state to edu-
cate its children. That: the law;
', none of the busineaa of Washing-to D. C. H ' u. " are you worthzea,__=ld% the new in Are lkansas of its children by creating 1
reign of terror-white c_hi.ldren p
screaming through phonee tor
their mothers to come and teke .
>~them homo and Negro children
slipped in!» wqhoal mew throueh 1 the aide door! I1 that: the way '
l gebra and here is the way to
' study our rst year Letln, then
The renorter put-e the blame on I
urt. They just forgot theirouth.* F- '- .,Fro? tghieiumlustice byaraen __ p |own o or mam r, e_ _ . '**. . _-Eisenhower l!emoc'1-etio appoin- _Ch'.'E_J""_"_"_w:""'~'".-f-1;
e, Justice William i Brennan '¥"="""I 1-Iii" °¢5" to . . " '
y_Jr. the Justices have forgotten one vi ' in th ' d Iiberationa on the admixture of the/races in ublitdlladhaotdlx at G. It is this: not one of them had ever been
arents to go to a mired school. Not one has ever permitted hia
children to go to a public school with Negroes, end none today per-m ' . . .
"hits. his children to attend private rchoole wl_-neh in recent mo:-_¢,l92__-,'
ere In Washlngtorrhjve been pressured to bow to the political
,_ demand for desegregation. This delicate issue hal ah"eady touehedeensitivelg on the diplomatic question of acceptance into awanky:cuntml sc _oo1s or the oaprhag oi the diplomatic temily from Ghana,92 most denitely WestA£ne_an, __ _- .-,_ . ,¢v;_,y =_ j ig- .11. T " ' ".-Z The Jere; ererre'ee;e===eee; *%;¥%?;.."'%i 92._ _ . - _ ,_ 92 < _ '_92_ Thisii-oblem the goat eapensive prep and gin il l hiu Aschools. Protestan hag Catholic. And these are costly. e implo:tan{_Paint gfgiltixl illriul ithi:-Eneute Court Jlilt-i668, Senator;" ° ¢ 'I921l>P w o eat their reaata in puhilei In of lih El ' '.:...::.. .1....:<....."::.i .1§.':m1..s .:*.:':1§.'%.>=.:'...'%.;""-M#1! givll-Q1! I-ggirod that it ialdanitely all Whlll-__'1 .1 ._ ¢-Feke the out to the mm Wanhlnrton realdent of the Supreme°92a » lililh Justice William O_. Brennan and, arriving a jlstii Ambssridor oi Japan and Mme. Asaltai. Did they lend thedlurllterl w the new] desezreeated achoola in the nu or the.EZ':i*:*:*_SE:*s:3 e.o»_e no gr» -;;¢°3~».- 135!urn uuw I-5 HI! nwng Kl Q |,q'|]|[§f,_ Q Iwh!iTiE'fZianomandnafor7d El G 0°10 'Q_ourt- 1» .._>*1':,=.=11.;._u....y..........*~_"__y *'3_n;%h_. or -F, die ..-Y{Q57 3 3y°$-_ .'1 .1: 1. §7.JOHN fl 'v/Tol
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I .. - /- . p_ _ _ up 1 ,,. 7-etrained tone of voice, Chief Justice Earl gnu-en and hie, ___m ______,_____,_,j-_____ M Qq-lheight hleok-rolled eesocietes on the U. -_= :J!T"'§L'!3 Pnllri ---= e-"id -I - 1 ' 1 " -
qt.-'ea'_ Reading r5? Hrnedariiii - ;_, Y_ $83858? should tit down and write himself a book entitle The Eduea on oi Earl Warren and his Associate Justices" of ti
Supreme Court. There must be tragedy in this volume: The tragedlgufrrobably well-meaning men who made auutter rneea of aaociI .:"==.r.~=.: M no reed -:.d.M- "*1. *" -M 1-_ve ..en..._ ..or.'n e ..eeree -.=.'..ic.. .mpo=-.. ..e.'-rtr er... .-zone:126315 children of both race: in mo» Rock... . , .- ,' We hope the diltinfulehed nine jurists read careillythe new
reports sent back from ittle, Rock._ Then ii they want to aey ihatfllgvthe same Snpeme aurt, and that the results of their new d er_ e lbw they were correct and that now all ia better :Ior11'. greet wisdom th were correct in reversing a pevlona dealt
r
ted to nt in the rst row and e res; hia contempt 0! theworthiea who pig_us_ly__de1end_ their de:feipi;,_J_ ' ,____,_ B 1__lignuhiio, reporter asiu onlyone privilege. That is to be m
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- :19! 13:» on the child mind, white or ;_black that this la high eeheol al- J
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141 OCT 8 1951. .
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.1 . _ ' .. .1 Wnhlngion
an auriusiuis uuuur ur, nu;I UNITED STATES is once again upto its black-robed neck in contro-
versy. This situation is no new thing-
and the attacks today are hardly less
violent than in Franklin Roosevelt days
when the "nine old men" were throwing
out New Deal social legislation on Mon-
day aiternoons. But in those-days the .attack came from the left: today if {Itram the fight. ' '
The present commotion is possibl? 111-
evitable under the circurnstancea._ The
decisions roar oe good or had. out moor
are in the most _passionately_e:not1onal
elds in American domestic lite-se:re-gation,,subversion, and civil rights, K
The decisions are so tar-reaching in
some cases that it may well be concluded
in alter years that the outstandins direc-
tion and leadership in domestic policy in
Washington at this period came not i_rom
the popular President nor the divided
Congress but from the detached tribunal
-tron'i that cool, lofty, marble hearing
room with its wine-red curtains. It has
n deceptive calm about it but .as Chief
Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes once sig-
nicantly commented--it is the quiet 0!
' e center of the whirlwind.
- at the nation was seeing, according
to e interpretation, was a turn in the e
tide hich constantly ebbs and ows in
the ever-settled contest between therights or the individual and thesa!etyof the state. ' _
For a troubled genci'ationrst_ the
world war, then the cold war then theundeclared Korean War-_-judicial _em-phasis was put on the need for national
security rather than upon those personal
ireedoms provided by the First Amend-
ment and the rest oi the Bill oi Rights.
The Supreme Court is the ancient stabi-
lizlng instrument between these two
democratic goals. - I" , _
It was inevitable, according to this
argument, that after a protracted inter-
val in which national exigencies caused
the court to iavor the state as against.
the individual the tide should change. At
any rate, in the court's term just ended
the rn0st_spectacuiar cases dealt often
with conspiracy, subversion, and commu-
nism and the tenden or the Warrencourt was to reeinphame personal tree-01118. _ , "' ..r., "':k.-~5<,!'92.,....-I, ,-
. .' ". -92 -. .'.Y.'-'.-N iCivil Rights Active ,iT";~;. --
This was not the only eld in which
decisions oi the court cut across.inevl-ti!!!-nnqtions. Cases dealing withde- "- ~4_.__'_
none oi them were ,
importance oi the o -incl school de-segregation bill. l . ' --
The school decision struck the South
with stunning impact. It came May 11,
1954. Every phase oi it was unusual. It
was handed down by a new chic! justice
in his rst term who had been expected
to be a rnlddle-of-the-road comprpmlscr.
The decision was unanimous withoutoven so much as a separate concurrence
to water down its effect. It reversed
what had been constitutional law since
1896, when the Fuller court invented the
Separate--but-equal formula for school
segregation. Finally, it was based on a
remarkably direct approach with theintricate pattern of constitutiona.l-analo-
gies and precedents pushed aside as in-
conclusive and the ancient position re-
versed, as the Chief Justice seemed to
argue, because it was out-oi-date. Or as
he put it, because whatever the -authors
of the 14th Amendment intended in
any event f'we cannot turn the clockback to 1868." i _ ' - '
We concluded that in the held of
public education the doctrine oi sep-arate but equal has no place. ' -e Elsht associate justices agreed. End ofra. _ ; - _ . - Y.paramount
Bitter Attacks ,_ A __ l - -
° Although recent attacks upon the court
have been based on a wide variety 0!decisions it is doubtful whether theywould have received the attention they
have but tor the continuing controversy
o_ver_ this original decision and the con-
tmuios efforts to apply it witl-iintheaqected states. These attacks liavebeen
U James I. Byrnes, toriner Associate
Justice of the Supreme Court lil-Q2!
and Governor -_ of South Carolina
951-55!, voiced this criticism. Writingin the U.S. News dc World Report, pub-
lished by David Lawrence, Mr. Byrnes,on May 18. 1956, declared the SupremeCourt must be curbed. He pointed gut
that the court had reversed what hadbeen the law oi the land tor 75 years
in its school desegregation ruling, andwent on to charge that the court did not
interpret the Comtituticn=the court
amended it. Mr. Byrnes then proceededto his more questionable contention that
the courtwas guilty 01 usurpation orstate power. . ~ _
"Ordinarily, the court has coil.-trolled by legal precedents. In t segre-gation opinion, it could cite -legal
l=1i¢<=¢d¢t-for its decision. so-allthe nrecedents sustain the doctrine oigre ti n and th is kc 1-tir-"separate but al taciliti .I{ ' 'beattleglnoi-bai_hitteer r:.i?:a esllilwle, £01-lfh -r c1uded:._ - , -- - , , -.day .'. . -. , _- - . ________ ,_,__U§m__ W ,.__L_ ,1 ....fi .1.-:.-La.l."?-5"-.-is.-. .
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-; Power'lnto:ricates men. It is never
voluntarily surrendered. it must be talrcp
from them. 'I'he,Supreme -. Court must
bg c|_|1{b¢d,". _ - .. "-1.-~92. - |.' . -- 1 .f , . . .
Congress Urged 7? l '_
Mr. Byrnes urged that this be done by
action or Congress to limit the appellatejurisdiction oi the tribunal. ' " . '
.In milder form Mr. Byrner dissenting
opinion has iound some journalistic sup-
port_1rom respected conseijvative jour-nallsts like columnist David Lawrence
and 'A.ruaur oclr oi zthe blew fork
Times; .On the whole, however, outside
oi the South, the unanimous court deci-'
sion has been iound to be well within»
theauthority granted under the Consti-
tution and elaborated by the precedents
or John Marshall and subsequent jurists.
.A The Unit-ed States Constitution leavesrrliuch play between the three-part gov-
e nment-executive, legislative, and ju-
dicial. This Joosenesa is generally
praised. It- allows the Constitution to
the challenge of new
conditions while in basic purposes re-
main inexible. _ __ -"
There is a popular fallacy that the
Supreme Court has an infallible all
rule oi constitutional and judicial pi-cc
dents against which it applies any given
case producing an inevitable result. This
is a naive concept in view oi the coin-
plexity oi modern conditions; , |- _ t
The Constitution guarantees to indi-
viduals all sorts oi rights, but often these l
overlap the borderline oi an economic
or social right in another direction. Gov-
ernment, itself, is a compromise
the freedom oi the individual and the
need oi the_state. It is the high duty oi
the great court to interpret these "con-'
icts in the light oi the time. ' i . '.
Almost all oi the personal ii-eedolns"
must be redened from time to time in
debatable and -borderline cases, from
irecdom oi speech to ireedom oi reli-
gion. Most commentators regard the vi woi Pica. Fred ncdeu or Yale, that
Supreme Court is primarily 1- politicsrather than judicial instrunient'as ex-
treme and yet the fact that it plays agrow and meet
role in statesrrianship in its selection of -
dourses cannot be questioned. ¢
- 'lhis,. then, is the background. for the
present controversy over the - court.
.Without the re lit by the original unani-
mous desegregation decision in 1954 the
_heat over 1957 decisions in cubve ive
and Communist cases would -have
lieu intense. All these emotional ei
together have precipitated the court tothe biggest controversy since New1
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ASES DEALING. WITH COMMU-C NISM. subversion, and seditiondominated the Supreme Court's 1957
term and fed the controversy which now
surrounds it.. .-_ _ . " - -
As before in its history," writes New
York University law professor Edmond
Cahn, "the court is passing through a
hostile phase when criticism. becomes
strident enough to seem substantial. andextreme enough to suggest alai-in." = - '
On June 36, Representative Joseph W.
Martin, Jr., R! of Massachusetts, House
minority leader, declared over television
that recent decisions had "crippled the
investigating committees" of Congress.-. 7Other critics raised their voices in stormsof unfavorable comment. *- -' - - T é,
ose who liked the -new. direction oi
t court said little. There are signs now,
' wever, that the gale force of criticism
s somewhat subsiding. Congress quickly
passed legislation to protect FBI les
from promiscuous publication. Further-
more, closer study produced a tranquillize
ingeect.--,-. -, ~. ; '
What seemed to be happening was that
after a generation of rulings that tended
to favor the state as against the citizen
in the turbulent world situation, the ma-
jority of the high cour_t.vgas_now grow-
ing anxious lest individual freedoms
were in danger and was bent on shiftingthe balance. - i ' .' '
' Five cases typify the new direction. '
1. Jenckecase "_ _|
The of secret FBI information ac-
cumulated against a defendant has been
a diilicult problem for judges. The court
held June 3-with the sole dissent of Mr.
Associate Justice Clarlr-that the gov-
ernment must either dismiss its charges
against Clinton E. Jencks, a New Mexico
mine union official, or make available
to him. or his lawyer FBI reports about
which government witnesses had given
o l testimony. ' _ , ,
The burden ls the "government's, the
urt ruled not to be shifted to the trialcove to decide whether "-- -"* -
"preiudice of-naklilokw-lng the cnmwce i§' {§
unpunished is greater than that attend-
ant upon the possible disclosure of state
secrets and other condential informe-
tion in the government: p0ssBS3l0I'|.,- _
This case broke down barriers that
have longshieided FBI reports in court
rosecutlons. Congress rushed through
gislation to prevent the alleged da er
f wholesale exposure of FBI les bu ts
ctlon still left th_e"Jfncks,cas§ as a -Ifcial milestones. ., 15 -..»- r , .-~__ _____._.._ ;_--.- .. .. ,- '1 .* J92"'=T";15'7 7*", F"-:7 "3 -<1 '--m.r-:_"~- - a 1, - t ' ' ' -
,'*,esia-Mskinsics§es' .
-it ,- __
Roman holiday for rummagin through
. . . vital national secretsff Harv Law
School dean, Erwin N. Griswold, ow-
ever, declared it simply blueprints o-
cedures used in every criminal 'co1.=.rt."|'- . .. I »-.
2. WaikinsCabe '- w"
This historic case denes and limits
the investigative power of Congress and
throws safeguards to the man investi-
gated. It was written by Mr. Chief Jus-
tice Warren. The only dissenter was Mr.
Justice Clark. The court reversed the
lower court conviction of John T. Wat-
kins, an Illinois labor "leader, for con-
tempt when he refused to divulge to the
House Un-American Activities Commit-
tee information regarding past associates
suspected of communism. .
Mr. Watkins had generally cooperated
with the House committee but charged
that some of its problngs were vague and
irrelevant to legislative requirements.
The Warren opinion held that while the
power of Congress to investigate is
broad "it is not unlimited!? and that
there is no congressional power to ex-
pose for the sake of exposure.
In the specic case the court ruled
that the committee had fallen under the
-"vice of vagueness." The opinion upheld
the authority of Congress to inquire
into and to publicize "corruption, malad-
ministration, or inefficiency," but it ruledthat an inquiry must state clearly to the
witness its purpose and the pertinency
of the questions. i
This decision upheld the rninoi-i *views in the lower court of Henry
Edgerton, Chief Judge of the UnitedStates Court of Appeals for the District
of Columbia Judicial Circuit. It roused
-some congressional ire by limiting so-
called shing expeditions." The_ style ofthe liiiarren opinion is unusually broad
and sweeping in its criticism of the abuse
of the investigatory power, and it has
brought some criticism on that account.
3. West Coast Communists "
rm..- E_..f4l_ A'_e 4 n_1___92 ,. . t . --im= ionul-n J'92Ll-'-I Iuerll statute IO
punish conspiracy to teach or advocate
overthrow of the government by force or .
violence-is one of the most controversial
laws enacted in modern times. It ls the
only. sedition law passed by Congress
since the Alien and Sedition Acts 0! JohnAdams administration. ' ' i' - A divided Supreme Court :-3, inlD51
upheld its constitutionality the origi
nal Dennis case,,but now in secondlook the court drastically red neg it
and whittled it down. Messrs. ces~ rm seems hardly mi-. The aha. by,_
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,..._ to-..--..._...s__..i ._ W W - rrm r....lI=;="""'_
gather.-The new Harlan opinion empha-
sizes the dierence between teaching
the overthrow of the govermiient as anabstract idea and of advocating awn to
that end. Mr. Justice Clark filed the -ly-dissent. The court ordered ECQLIHIEN
live Communist defendants on 1-he
ground of palpably insulcient evi-
dence, and sent nine others to a new trial
in California. __ _
J Y I1am. nweezyuise ~ "- -J _
This dealt with an appeal from 1 state
conviction for contempt in New Hamp-
shire where college professor Paul H.
Sweezy refused to answer questions re-
garding alleged subversive activities. The
inquiry was by a one-man legislative
committee" under the state attorney
general.
The United States Supreme Court
ruled that "there was nothing to connect
the questioning with the fundamental
interest or the state." In a concurring
opinion ivlessrs. Justices Harlan and
=Frankfurter added that the right of I
citizen to political privacy must be bal-
anced against the right of the state to
self-protection._Mr. Justice Clark dis-sented and was joined by Mr. Qstice
Burton. -
5. Cominunist Disqualicatih
A series of decisions limited the legal
penalties and, by inference, the social
odiurn for past association with the Com-J,
munist Party. The court seemed to be
arguing that former Communist mem-
bership ls not sulclently related to
moral character to justify permanent
ostracism of the individual or his dis-
qualication from certain oices. Thus
the _ court ruled out efforts of New
Mexico and California to refuse admis-
sion to the bar either because ct past
Communist _Party membership or be-
cause of'Flrst Amendment refusal toanswer questions. i '. iii.
These decisions and bthers like them
produced wide controversy. One point
should be noted. in order to vindicate a
generalized constitutional freedom it was
necessary for the court in many cases
to !ree.a particular individual who held
, unpopular or even wrong-headed views.
This brought charges that the court was
being__"s_oit to__alleged subversive: or
aciuauy "sympath1zing with them." "L- -
its function, is not interested in the an
as such, but in the precedent. From
beginning it has reversed convicti
deemed unconstitutional, however he
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court has nearly all centered on decisirelating to communism, security, and
civilrights and it is sometimes forgotten ,
,that it has been simultaneously busy
with wide elds of other intricate .
matters, as the du Pont caseindicates. .
The court dealt with labor arbitration
and picketing; attempted to lay down
guiding rules in control of -obscenity,
reversed itself on the power ct the inl.li= itary to try civilian dependents abroad |
for capital crimes, and applied antitrustde Nerriours st Co. to divest itself» » 1". ° m . - :of a 23 per cent stockinterest in General E In I Ville?! °5 "5" the 'm°t It Ar;Motors. Current controversy . over th his Pe1'haP3- W" 'h¢th¢" a °gives the federal courts the jo of super-
vising and enforcing compliance with
arbitration clauses in collective bargain-ing agreements. It the act does so. it is
s tail order. As a hwer court put it, it @_
authorizes federal courts to fashion I
body of federal law for the enforcement
of those collective bargaining agree-ments . . . with! specic pcrtormncg
of promises to arbitrate grievances. - -- The high court ruled that this is what
the Taft ct required, Mr. Associate Jus-
regulation to professional football- °° F1""k1 1't" sha'P1Y dissenting He;though continuing to exclude profes- ""95 P1 3 b 'd°n ° theuederal musionai baseball. . - to fashion a whole dy of substanti
Here are some of these cases 18W PD1'°P1'l51§ 1°! ¢_°mP!-mated
10 P -i -- ' .
applied to this opinion. It was written
by Mr. Associate Justice Brennan with
sharp dissent noted by Messrs. Associate
-Tuatices Burton and Frankfurter. It
threw out the-rule which the Federal .
Trade Commission has used for over 40
years in administering the Clayton Act.
The rule was that the act applied to
horizontal stock acquisitions, where
company A buys stock in competing .
company B! but not to "vertical" acqui- .
sitions where company A buys stock in i
noncompetitor comlmny C!. i - I
The court ruled June 3 that du Ponts 11917-1919 acquisition of GM stock gave i
it illegal competitive advantage in the
sale to GM of du Pont fabrics and
paints. The decision has long-range
social and economic implications-as for
example in industry, how big is big ?
Without saying so directly, the rather
generalized Brennan opinion may put a
limit on vertical expansion of American ~
industrial empires. He argued that Con- gross did intend to cover vertical acquisi-ons under the act although the FTC took a contrary position. - - _
* The opinion has been sharply criti-
cized, Amgng others, by the dissenting
Jud s. The point implicit her iswh er the court is usui-ping the 'b of Flo slation. If Congress wants t-ittll 92 . . . ,anticism nned, why shoul it saspeclcall? itself? K ~ - 3',/mi,
~--=- .- ._...?._+__L...__..._ -' ' .' ' "' .1.-¢1ll_Droblems ed by collectivebl gaining. . . ." _ - i ~ -
In another trade union case Mr. Jus-
tice Frankfurter wrote - the majority
opinion. Constitutional free speech pro-
visions, he ruled for me court, do not
prevent a state from enjoining peaceful
picketing that violates a section of a
state ri_ght-to-work law: this one_ban-
ning umons from trying to coerce an
employer _to i.nterfere'_wit.h his em-ployees right to join ogdstay out of aunion. Dissenting were essrs. Justices
Warren, Douglas, and Black. ' - .
3. Control of Obscenity .4
Drawing a distinction between free
speech and the evils of obscenity has
long bothered the court. This year 'it
unanimously ruied that Iviichigan can-
not make it a crhninal offense to provide
the adult public with a book, that.-is
regarded by some as not t to be readby children. ' - L - -
But a majority of the court also up-
held a number of other less generalized
obscenity statutes. It established this
standard "whether to the average per-son, applying contemporary communitystandards, the dominant t eme_of theMaterial taken as a whole, appeals to
U I11 Irurient i.nterest."' , , - . _'
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convictions of two women char with10. I'll-Illa -If, ll,- I5 II. J-Iv-ll ll. - _In June, 1956, the court u1?4id -the
killing their husbands and 1'1,.
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' *""" * ee ~ 7. I , 1..-. .- ,__ ,_. . . .. _ . V. .-
mllltary court trials of -civilians in c -
tal otlenses overseas are constitution .
In one of the fastest switches in histottl}; court in June this year overrule
i lf and held such trials unconstitu-
tional. The dissenters of e year ego be-
came the majority when Mr. Associate
Justice Harlan changed positions and Mr.
Justice Frankfurter, who reserved judg-
ment last year, joined them. The decision
is limited to A! capital offenses, B!
servicen=ien's civilian dependents, and C! times of peace. Naturally, such iluick
reversals as this bring criticism o the
high court: stability. '. .- _ I
5. Professional Football
Here again the court runs into some
charges of inconsistency for it has just
ruled professional football is subject to
antitrust laws while professional baseball
remains free from regulation. In 1922
the then Supreme Court held baseball
outside antitrust laws as s. sport, not I
business, in the meaning of Congress.
Mr, Associate Justice Clark, writing for
the court, this year frankly recognized
the difficulty of the position: ' '_- .
If this ruling is unrealistic, inconsis-
tent, or illogical, it is sulcient to an-
swer, aside from the distinctions between
the businesses, that were we considering
the question of baseball for the rst
time upon a clean slate we would h e
no doubts" i.e.,'that baseball should
covered by -the Sherman Act!. But, e.
idea! It "TY .1.-' P19 9°"!'." !:..:. - .. A
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I. EISENHOWEL HA! NAMEDM FOUR ot the nine members of the
present court. Seniority of some 01'the remaining member? Justice Frank-furter, 74,- Justice B act, 11, Justice
Burton, 69! makes it likely that thePresident may appoint others. Retiredlustices get a pension of $35,000 a year.
Some believe that President Eisen-hower will have a r-eater ultin-fate lin-pact en domestic story through his
appointees to the high court. than
through his political and administrative
policies, . .. ; _ .
The Supreme Court is not a dull
chine whose members teed cases into Ikind ot Univac of historic precedents,
push a button, and produce a calculable
result. Much depends on the personalitiesof the members themselves in this veryhuman juridical-political body. _
Nobody can deny that the climate orthe court has recently changed. This
climate depends in part'on the atmos-
phere outside the court the court tol-lows th illiction returns maintained
Mr. Dooley! and in part on the liberal-
conservative components .among the
New appointments change the balance
within the tribunal. Franklin D. Roose-velt's battle with the court brought theswitch in time that saved the nine,
engineered by Chiet Justice CharlesEv s Hughes which defeated theRo evelt» court-paclring plan but it
_.__¢__._',_...-_---n-----tu
gn ' y ended with the appointment 7,
the resident of anew court m8J°1'1t '.
Mr, Eisenhower? apliollges-lir 8;; ct us ice ave a eEgllance, in the tribunaal. It ismtg;-eating to note_that Chief mug 1:15Warren has increasingly 1011115 d Hm,on the side of the two so-calla , A;
gfgls, Justices Black and Douglas. oufgfgnding feature of the .terrni;]118t 3:12eluded was the number oi tmss 1:.Messrs. Warren. Black» md ° 5
dissented together. There were ll such
combjnltjgng, six oi these they werejoined by Associate J ust_1ce Brennan. The
mpg; frequent combinations of dissentinl
justice, were 1|-ms; oi! Justices Black
and Douglas, 21 times; and Justices
Frankfurter and Harlan. also Plired 31times.! ' ~._ , ___. _'__,_1 -
Ma'or Shift Seen "- J ,.
believ thes::.*:.~":;:. .:-=:»>***z:::.':::.. .... . I i vns1z"ne*n_erin;."i"n}. school desegre-__
I, tron of sustaining, in the interest ct na-A l
1lll""'-» Bends to emphasize the second. Chic:92~
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I Trend Reversed p '3 I- -' .
it Now the trend has changed. Courts, 92
congressional committees, and govern- 1mental agencies are rapped for 11-3113-gressing the four freedoms against in- dividual rights. An outcry has followed.But it should be remembered that there ih
bi!
,__
I .tional security, new.restrictions upon FRation case will be debated tor decades,Di I B80913/It Chieb Justice ininducing his strikingly indivl-dualisticand articulate associate justices to gpalong with him unanimously on the tre-gl °l1-I °P1-man is almost unrivaled inory. " -
! It should be understood that there is
latgiong:>1t¬|el:;s-igsgrétancient tsitllg with-. n eco : weenau ort and-libsmg, between the rights of theystate -Ind e rights of the individual. -
In such conicts one group oi judges
Hamill! supports the in-st, another
ustice Fred Vinson generally camedown on the. side of oillcialdorn, Chic! 3Justice Warren along with JusticesDouglas and_B1ack! aptiears to start'Britta a predisposition toward the in-m ual. ,The court has always held the balancebetween these two sets oi rights with oneera emphasizing one, another the sec-Ond. After a security-conscious genera;
1 -tion in which state authority was putiimgsgiibe pendulum has now swung ;
John Lord O'Brien commented some -Lime ago in the .Hars'ard Law_Re~view: JA review pt these decisions oi the
past generation! establishes the discon- icertmg and perhaps startling fact that in Eno case has the court l
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