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ElJn11acauclachaatatodth!tt_hc.IaabcrnanDccn%fg£}§|§llJ.,inhaaclahail, denim. Ila aa1dthath1l.c£athcr'a:a:ac'aa§,,'Ihc:La1:ucaant1ycngagad in a _ at atstho Univarcity at l'.d.pui.¢,.Ga1-In. Ea ncthc ' -nanc nu nu an aqua. Bnc alatar mm maue§"5;¬§$Z~I.n'.i.adtoan1n:!.i. nstwm,mmcuntua i1?1=, ""about 1933. rum mum, naumtwm
Iacdcadatcnatdn hadlaancdr -
that this i.||d11:I._dua1 Iaa,aa activc '
0%. Fuchs , -pnacnhlq
Shrdcnharhandlucha hcpnaclncrmny.! Icchaaaid aarland
:l.n194'!, than hands a t1.111133 in Davoa, Blitaa I !% tuba ccia condition. to hag
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Fuchs other stator, In-,?6cd.nlmn,andFachcatatadthathcIaana:'atha natal.:!FstI¬it:l.cn 1» Iaatborc, xmaammu. mm
dcaJ.,th:abacl3rcnndcth:|.aa1ctarlr:l.atc1, and
hcraarriagotclahartaincaaa, butncughlycal.
thaBc1.mm.nc!a1.daatch:|J.d. Ba atatadthat Kristal
dunlhg tha 1930'-a attondcd Saarthncn Gallopattahdcd am nu-. A '
It in to ha nctod at this point" thatI~Fu.c.hc
Oumuniat background and activities ct hia iniadiata
tn:-.ni.ah any intonation at rst with aspect to thin,
that ituacpartincattothcpuz-po'acctthcqnaat1cm.ng. a
vhcthar up tathar, Ilhdll. Fuchs, a pastor, but about-Ilia Gan:-d.ct I-ctivitic
in Gcnmw, and Ihcthar hla tathcr Ian-in qqaathw with than actixitiaac B
npliod that his tathcr had haliavcd in his ahtldran doing aa they law t. Latar,
during the qaccticning of Fuchs, he atatcd that his llatcr, Ihlatal Hcincnan, had
hacnactivalnnndan-grctmd Ba$ny,butthathcdi.dIcrtkmt:l.fdachad
avcractcallyhaana und.at1'arty. Inapcakingctchartimun,Fuchs atatad that atta to the Hainnnn ham, probably at
cm-istna 1943, _ that Hobart was a Gunmlat, oratlaactiaain _
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QJ3h egg 2%!
in Janoary, -1.951. Ba than zetpzned to the Qoivereity at
!1N11.haIoredt0_I_i.nin¢han, England, when he genre teqio Inerg 1u~e:eat/there under P1-oteeeor hddI.yh¥:1.e1-la»
hnhe heoeua a Iatual.i.eed Britieh eitieen in by at 194.3
jeined thobxmiet Party at Ge
t 11110 at the" Unite
It ataelenta
III-'11.! NIB I-
ailiationa, e
he, thantome, was
taken into custody.
thereafter, in Boptenho
the Untveraity at ilri
Republican tomes, and
oi the Gxuniat P
aoeo meetings or
I _ -il I1 Eb Ullien
this organization aa being a Gohoniat
ya nether ot this eooiety, but did
t=tmt1IheheIeea*ttho_II::i.vere:ityo£Iho he was in Bristol, he attended
an
Pasha etated that duingthe period he no in England, Iron September,1933 until none tine inil-941; he no lluo that than In operating
an under-ground auction of the Goznan Oonuniat Party. Fuohe said
oonaidered to be a amber oi this eeotion at the Berna Bomuniet
had probably lled out e. bioggaptq oeaoeroing hiuelt and tin.-uzlohed i
ettioiale oi the German Oenunist Party some tine after hie arrival in England,
heoauee otthe tea:-at thalhrtythat thpynght he inltxatedhylasiae hobs
a1aoaaidthathaIaoaIanthatJErlIn§KQol3naiiIaeregardedlatha »:1g=_;___L."'!'i_.BE'3!.!¥!._.a99__t_f1_-9I!,__9!_$;lQ._99.;'!&!.I!-§qanon$,rh__.1?l1!-I am»: mu 1»:-M-E S M
mm eeid a espionage activities in behalf at the Soviet
Union were motivated by in the principles at 00-min, and by the lane
desire which prwtedhia in Germany in behalt of the Ganuniet Party there.
lb aaidthatatvariouatinaa, hehdheddoubte oomemlngthepoeitienotthe
Soviet Union in mad attain, nantiooing apeoitioally tho Rueo-Gonna Pant orpm ieanne tron mum to .. o. oi the German cammm Pea-'ty{%Dl/f
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ssrzomsn Ac:-igrxrs- Jocm In m H 1 , QF , W
Blchs advised that in HEY, 1941, he accepted employment in
Binningham, England, as a scientist on work with relation to atomic energy
research. He said that upon learning -the nature of this work he decided
to furnish information regarding it to the Soviet Union, and in order to
carry out this plan late in the year 191.1 he traveled from Birmingham,
England, to London, where he made contact with Jllrgen Kucsynski, whom he
knew to be more or less of the leader oi the underground German C0mm'ani.81;
Party in London. Fuchs stated that he previously had been in contact with
Kucnynski and knew of his contacts in refugee circles, particularly with
German Communists. On his first contact with Kllczynski, he informed him
of his desire to furnish information to the Soviet Union, and Imczynski. made
arrangements to have Fuchs recontact him a short time later. This Fuchs did,
at which time Kuczynski had made arrangements for Fuchs to establish a
clandestine contact with an individual whom Fuchs came to know under thename ofglexander. It is noted apt Fuchs has identified a phOl.Og1'8.phoi this individual as Simon vidovitc emer, who was, in 1942 and until "
some time in 1945, the secretary of the Military Attachels staff at the SovietEmbassy in London...! ~
Fuchs said hat he maintained contact with Alexander for a period
of approximately one-half year, and that he had only two, or possibly three,
meetings with Alexander, one oi which took place at the Soviet Embassy in
London. it the last meeting Alexander told him that he was to have a new
contact, am made arrangements for such a contact. Fuchs believes that
Alexander may have mentioned that he was leaving England. During Fuchs!
meetings with Alexander, which took place during 1942, he furnished to him
written information concerning his work on atomic energ research, includingpapers which had been prepared by Fhchs in connection with this work.
Fuchs said that his second contact, which had been arranged" Alexander, was with a woman whom he ' in Banhury, England. He said tint "0he does not know this woman's name. . Skardo said that she has not beenidentified by the British investigat to date.! !Fuchs remained in contact
with this individual until he left Egland in No er, 1943. He delivered to
her, in the period from some time in the middle of 1942 until November, 1943,
additional information regarding the work being ca.rried out at Birminghamwith relation to atomic energy?!-[X '
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Fuchs stated in answer to questioning that at no time did anyone
ever try to recruit him into: espionage work, that he sought out the contact
on his own initiative, that_'he never attended any epionage school and he
never received any instructions in espionage frcm anyone at any time, with the
possible exception that in his earlier contacts with Alexander, Alexander
suggested that he be careful to avoid being followed, that he should use
taacicabs and double back in order to throw anyone off the track who might be
following him, but he believed this to be too expensive and not so good a
method in his own Judgment. He preferred to go to a large place, like some
subway station in London where there was both a lift elevator! and stairs,
and to make contacts-in such a place. A suggestion he received in quite
general terms also was that when checking on surveillsnces or trying to
ascertain if he was being followed that before looking back he should cross
the street and he should go into s deserted place or building, from which
point he would make observations to see if anyone might be following him.
Fuchs also said that he did not know the identity of the Soviet Intelligence
Service for which he was working, and in fact did not know that there wasmore than one branch of the Soviet Intelligence_ Service.
He stated that when he first made his contact on his own initiative
in early 191,2 in England, he made known his availability and readiness to
furnish confidential information of a classified type, and also described his
occupation which gave him access to classified materials relating to atomic
energy research. He furnished infonnation to his contact, Alexander, both
orally and in writ.'.i.ng concerning atomic energy research which he knew to be
classified and confidential, and for the specific purpose of such information
being furnished to the Soviet Union as an aid in promoting atomic enerresearch and development in and for the advantage of the Soviet Unioma D U92
ésmucnons roe G21921Tl_HI[1}_{Q_I-IIS FsP19mos A131fI_]§I'i'IES,IN mats;/é
Fuchs stated tint in the Summer of 1943 he learned that he was being
designated as part of an official British Mission which was to travel to the
United States to do work in connection with research on atomic energy. Fuchs
said that the Soviet Intelligence Service had nothing to do with_his being
chosen as part of this British Mission, and that he was chosen because of his
knowledge and qualifications as a nuclear scientist. Upon learning of his edesignation as part of the British Mission, he informed his woman contact of
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Ease compact Foe ESPIONAGE PURPOSES IN UQQ ! [A _'_ - .. ..-._.-¢__.-n- - - -
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this fact and she subequently gave him instructions as to how he was to g
establish contact in the United States. y Her instructions were to the
effect that Fuchs should, on a designated day and at a specified time, go
to a point on the lower East Bide of New York City where he would meet an -
individual who would be wearing gloves and would have an additional pair of
gloves in his hands. Fuchs was to parry e tennis ball in his hand. hacks
said that the instructions were to the effect that if contact was not.
established at the designated date, time and place, a seooni attempt should.
be made at a later time. Fuchs did not recall whether this was to be -a week
or s month later, but said that it was -probably one or the other. Fuchs
said that there were definite arrangements made as to the passwords which
would be exchanged at the meeting, but that he does not now recall exactly
what these instructions were, but he gave the following as an enmple of such
instructions. "The contact would state, "Gan you tell me the way to Grand
central Station?" Fuchs would make a reply which would not be entirely p
responsive, and -the contact would in turn make an absurd reply. Thereafter,the regular conversation between the two persons could begLn.6$u
He stated he made no written notes whatsoever as to the instructions
received, but he did memorize them and retain them in his memory until the
meeting was consummated. so advised that it was his intention and understanding
that this meeting was for the purpose of -establishing an espionage contact inthe United States so that he could continue to furnish con.fidential,restricted _information through this contact to and for the benefit of the Soviet Union.f U
- In keeping with prior instructions, Fuchs advissctttnt he left
'1-r:i.th members of the British Mission by ship and came to the United States. I-1e
landed at Newport News, Virginia, on about Decenber 3, 1943. He proceeded to
Washington, D.C., and stayed in Washington at some hotel, the identity of which
he does not remember, for one or perhaps two nights. Then he went to New York
City. He took up residence promptly at the Taft Hotel. Host of the menbers
of the British Mission were stationed at the Taft Hotel. He did not like the
place himself, and soon thereafter he moved. At first it was his estimate that
he might have spent the first month after his arrival at the Taft Hotel. Later
he concluded this was too long s period, in his estimate. He next moved to the
Barbizon Plaza Hotel in New York City. At first he estimated he might have'
lived there for two or three months before moving, but when it was shown that
his next place of residence began on February lst he greed that this stay atthe Barbizon Plaza Hotel was considerably shorter.{£! U
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Another member of the British Iiesion, ur. "Henry sgéls, left
for Ezgland and he left a furnished apartgient on Iest 7'71 Street, the
exact address he continued as being 128 West 77th Street. This was a
furnished aparnnent, and he"'1-emanbers having seen the caretaker and his
wife, but he cannot recall their identities. He does not believe they were
colored and he state that s mind is a complete blank as far as theiridentities are concerned. _ _- _ A I I ,
After arriving in New York City, Fuchs took up employment as
part of the official British Mission which had its officesat 43; Enchange
Place, New Iork City. Fuchs said that the.-British llission was working with
officials of the Keller Corporation which was under the control of the
Manhattan Engineer District. Fuchs said that the work oi the British
Mission was with respect to developing the mathematical theory for the
building of a chemical plant with regard to the gaseous diffusion process.
Fuchs said that one of his immediate contacts in the Kellexorporation ms
Mano992Benedict, and another individual was namatylentmse. Fuchs stated
that at Christmas, 1943, he visited the hdme of his sister, Kristel Heineman,in cambridge, Massachusetts. u ' .
He than told the story of his first meeting in substance as follows
In loeeping with the specific instructions which had been givm to
him by his woman espionage contact in or near Banbury, England, he proceeded
at the time and on the date indicated to a place on the lower East Side of
Manhattan, which he recalls to have been on Henry Street. It was not dark
although it was approaching dark at the time , and his recollection was that
this was about Christmas, 1943, or at least in December, l943, or January,
1944- lhe place for the meeting had been selected by his woman contact near
Banbury, England. He believes that it is possible he was living at the
Barbison Plaza Hotel at this t:i.me, because he recalls going into a subway
station located near the Barbizon Plaza Hotel, and he entertainedveons
apprehension, in fact, concerning this rst meeting. He recalls having this
apprehension while he was in the subway station near the Bax-bison Plaza Hotel
getting ready -to proceed to his first contact. Since he moved from the
Barbizon Plaza Hotel to 128 West 77th Street on February 1, 1944, or about
that time, he assumos.1= t logically the time of this first meeting was priorto February 1, 1944- _Kh5 u
_ He asked no questions as to how to proceed to Henry Street as he
previously had purchased a map and made his own plans fer going tlm-9. In
keeping with the specific instructions, he went to the place on Henry Street
which had been previously designated and described to him in Eigland. I-Is
stated that the full, detailed instructions which had been given to him in
England were carried out. Elhe contact was made on Henry Street, and the -
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contact ias tearing gloves and carrying an additional pair of gloves in
his hands. Fuchs, on the-other hand, had a tmnis ball in his om hand,
as per instructions. Bis contact came up to him and furnished his name
as "Baymond.I Fuchs furnished his om name. "Raymond! stated tlnt he was
. pleased to meet Fuchs. He indicated he had "been expecting him and hestated definitely thaw was pleased to have been selected for such animportant assignment. ll _ _ . _ ' '
He stated -that no information was deliirered to "Rays:
contact, during this first meeting. It was his usual practice in England,
and he"i'ollo92Ied it in this instance, in making contacts not to take anything
in writing with him at the first meeting. I-Ie told "R8ymond,"- in answer to
questions, there he was "living and where he was 1|o_r1ci.ng. They also arranged
to hold another meeting in the immediately near future. He discussed with
IRaymon:1'II his plans. He also discussed with him orally some of the officials
for nhom he was working ani told him Ihere, in fact, he was Irorking at the
time. "Raymond" specifically suggested that at future meetings Fuchs maim-
sure that he was not being followed. The attitude of "Raymond" at all times
was that of an inferior. gt this first meeting Fuclm believes tint he made a
statement to'RaymOnd"about atomic energ, and he knows -that the vcrds Iatomic
energy" and Iatomic bomb" were both mentioned, and IRaymond" must have known
about them as he did not ask any questions of interpretation or explanation
He also believes that the comparative strength of an atom bomb mas also
mentioned at this first meeting, or it could have been at some subsequentmeeting held soon thereafter. §! M A
luchs estimated this rsdmeeting lasted about twenty minutes.
They talked together during the course of the meeting in the general area
where tin first contact-was made. Fudas remembers that on one occasion he
arxi "Raymond" did go together to a restaurant somewhere in New Iork - it
could lnve been on the occ sion oi this first meeting, although he does notremember this to be so. * .
In answer to a specific question as to whether the first meeting
could have been in February or March of 1944, Fuels stated that he felt
reasonably sure that it was earlier than these dates, and that it was during the
period when he was at the Barbizon Plaza Hotel. Fuchs Ins asked as to Ihether
there use a playground nearby the point of the first meeting, and he said he could
not recall this, but~he did reca a ow of flats apartnents or 8PB.11I118l1|ib1.1l.|.d.ings!.in the imnediate vi.cinity.@/3 u
Fuchs stated he was motivated in keeping this initial meeting with
Raymond in New York by a desire s_.to aid the soviet Union. He said he considered
_Rey-mondls" status as that of an agent intermediary acting for ami in behalf of
the Soviet Union, in keeping with the plans vghich had been initiated in England
and which first meeting he carrying out in keeping with instructions whichhe received in mnm@n .
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/Between December 1943 and August 19M Fuchs stated that, in addition
to this first meeting above-édescribed,-which he had with Raymond, whose
photograph be identified ae_'Harry Gold, there were held 1+ or 5 meet s maybeas many as 7 meetings, all told in the City of New York with mym [4
it that time he was working with the Kellex Company as a Consultant.
The work by this company was being done independently, but under the over-all
control from a security standpoint of the Hanhattan Engineer District. The
office-vwhere he was employed as Consultant was on Wall Street at a place where
there were three entrances to the building. Hie work and the work that he was
concerned with was that of developing uathematical theories to furnish to the
Kellex Company with principles as to what "could go on in the gaseous diffusion
process with questions of tolerances and the over-all problems of gaseous
diffusion. He further advised that he was concerned with working plans with the
size of a plant necessary for employment of the gaseous diffusion process,
although not with the size of the labor force that might be required. During
this period he and other British scientists were working on a series of papers
identified as the HSN series. The number that had been written prior to the '
time of his departure to Los Alamos in August l9l+l» was about 19. Approximately13 of this eerie Jo written by Fuchs himself. Others participating in a -the production oyggries were Peierls, his immediate superior, Sky:-me and one
of thegroup papers was written by Bosonquet in England. This MEN series
was known as primary papers containing matters of principles and all of those
when prepared and all of those which he delivered to his Espionage contact,Raymond, were at the time of their delivery classified dat>a {X! 7
Fuchs advised that, in addition to the first meeting which he had
with Raymond Harry Gold!, there were additional. meetings, the sequence of
which he could not remember and many of the details he could not rememberdefinitely, but he described these meetings in general as follows:wu
One meeting which Fuchs had with Raymond occurred in mnhattan near
one of the middle bridges which he identified by a map as the Queensboro Bridge.
The meeting occurred on the street corner very close to the bridge in what he
would consider anything but an exclusive area. He remembers that during this
contact he and Raymond walked underneath the bridge approach and from the
description of the area, it was concluded that this was probably on First Avenue
and not on Sutton Place. This meeting was held after dark as were most of theother m%tings held in New York. This meeting occurred in the early part of
We u y
Another meeting between Fuchs and Raymond occurred just outside a
subway station near Central Park and he believes this would be the "}t1seuui'
subway stop on the west side of Central Park West. In this instance Fuchs
stated that he designated the place of contact because it was reasonably near
his own place of residence on West 77th Street, but it was the usual rule
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for Raymond to designate the places for contact. At this meeting ar ementswere also made for a subsequent meeting between Raymond and Puchs. i M
Another meeting held in the early part of 191-#1» We in the Bronxnear a moving picture theater. From an ecmmirxation oi a- map, Fuchs concludedthat this meeting was held on Grand Concourse near 159th Street or l6lst street,
at least in this general vicinity. In e subsequent discussion oi the meetingin the Bronx he stated that the words "Fordham University" struck a familiar
cord and it could be possible that themeeting was-held near Fordham. However,
he stated that this meeting, as were practically all oi his meetings withRaymond, was of short duration and not likely to be of one-hour length eitherhere or at any other place in New York. He believes that when he kept this
appointment in the Bronx with Raymond he yery likely went there by subway,and that at this meeting as in all other meetings held in New York there was anagreement and arrangement made for a subsequent meeting. They also had an -understanding that, in the event they failed to make contact at any of themeetings arrang_ed- they would meet at~=exactly the same hour either l week or2 weeks l.ster. A92 U ' _
_ /He described another meeting as having been held in the Borough of
Queens. He estimates that when he rode the subway from Manhattan into Queens I
that this meeting was at a place approximately 20 minutes after entering the yBorough of Queens after crossing the East River. He recalls having looked at smap before proceeding to this Queens meeting and he remembers noticing that '
the direction he would take would be in the general direction of an airport.
He also recalls that the subway train on which he was riding left the
underground and became an elevated prior to the time when he left the train
for this particular meeting. At this point Fuchs was shown a copy of Hagstrons
map of Queens, New York, and after studying it he reached the conclusion that
the general area in which the meeting was held is the area described on the
map as "Jackson Heights". He, with his finger, made a circular motion
describing the area which is bounded by Flushing Bay, LaGuard.ia Airport,
St. Michael's Cemetery, Woodside, Elmhurst and Corona. He was unable to
identify the subway or elevated stop or any of the streets by name since he
stated he could not recollect the specific place, but could remember onl.y the
general area 92!92
as best he can recollect, he had with him on this occasion a package
of papers which had been written in longhand and which contained classified
information about their work on the Atomic Energy project and although he at
times carried rolled up papers in his hands, he preferred to carry the rolledup papers in his pocket which he probably did on this occasion. His recollection
is that the papers which were passed by him to Raymond and which were
written in longhand by him, contained classified, highly confidential information
with reference to his work under the general over-all security control of the
Manhattan Engineer District. Although he stated he did not recollect specifically
that any or the MEN papers were passed at this meeting, he did recollect to ,
the best of his belief that two or more MSN papers were passed to Raymondhim at each of the approximately 5 meetings held after the first meetingt a
' 1 ' sigh.
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There was one other meeting which was arranged to be held in
Brooklyn. Following an examination of a t p of Brooklyn, he believed thatthis meeting was to be held in the genera? vicinity of Bore Hall, although 11;.
might have been held'at the,-intersection of Fulton Street and Flatbush venue '
extension. This planned meeting was unsuccessful. Fuchs stated he arrivedat the designated place and he recalls that there were some large public-looking
buildings in the vicinity and the traffic was heavy. He stated that -at all 1
of the meetings held with Raymond, either in New York City or elsewhere, he
observed no one who seemed to know Raymond and he had no one accompanying himat these meetingmw u &
He is of the opinion that following the very first meeting described
in the preceding section of this report that written confidential and
classified information was delivered by him to his contact, Raymond. He advised
that there would have been no occasion for any meeting except to deliver
written information since the knowledge and background of Raymond was
insufficient to enable him to understand technical details and his lack of
scientific knowledge of the type necessary to understand the "problems on
which Fuchs was working would have made it very unlikely that he would have
arranged any meeting with Raymond after the irst for any purpose other thanto deliver information in writing to $ U
As for information furnished in the City of New York at the above-
described meetings, Fuchs stated that he personally prepared about 13 of the
USN documents. He would first prepare a draft in longhand. On some occasions
they would be sent to his immediate superior, Peierls, for reading and then,
in turn, would be routed for duplication. In some instances, however, Fuchs,
after preparing the rough d.raft,*would route this rough draft which he prepared
directly for duplication. In all instances when Fuchs prepared the draft s
proof copy and the original draft would be returned by the duplicating staff
to Fuchs. hob of the duplicated copies was numbered for control and security
purposes due to the highly confidential character of the contents. Fuchs would
then personally retain the original draft which he had written in longhand and
he then, subsequently, personally furnished all of his own longhand drafts of
his own composition directly to the individual known to him as Raymond, with
the intention that he would serve as an intermediary in transmitting these
secret documents to the Soviet Union and for the benefitof that country.
The documents which he delivered were sometimes folded and other times were
rolled up. Sometimes they were carried in his hand, but most of the time he
would carry them in his pocket and he delivered these papers secretly, usually
after dark, at the meetings which he had nude by prearrangement with lhymond
during the period from December l9h3 to August 1941.. The information which
he furnished, Fuchs stated, had come to his knowledge by virtue of his
official employment on the Atomic Energy project under the over-all controlof Manhattan Engineer Dist:-ict. §§> u .
During these contacts in ew York City, as above-described, Fuchs
stated that he furnished in writing informtion concerning the principles on
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the development of the mathematical theory, information concerning tolerances,
the gaseous diffusion process, working plans, the size or a plant, an heapproximately 13 of the LEN series which he had prepared pe1'-sonal.ly. @
He furnished in writing also from time to time in New York, as he "
received it, information asjto the over-all and general effort and activities
in connection with his own work relative to the production of fissionable
material and its potential use as an e.Ip].oeivelin the war effort and
general information about membranes and their composition and, although he
did not know the technical details at that time the general information -
concerning membranes and their composition which he did furnish was or ahighly confidential u t c
While in New York, he furnished information orally concerning
the manpower employed by Kellen: and the nature of the work being performed
by the British Mission and all that he knew concerning personnel and general
activities in the Manhattan Engineer District. he also advised orally that
there was a plan for" the building of a large plant somewhere in the _
southeastern part of the United States, which would employ both the gaseous diffusior
and electro-magnetic processes. He stated that this plant sms later constructed
at Oak Ridge although he did not know while in New York the specific location.
He furnished orally the identity of the officers and the high-ranking
scientists who were employed by Kellex and those that he knew who were employed
at lihnhattan Engineer District at New York. He also discussed some of the
personnel orally. At these meetings mymond Gold! never took notes. Highly
technical information was not furnished orally due to Raymond's inability toundor6t&r1d.%/! l ' l 1
As best as he can recollect, Fuchs stated he only missed one
prearranged contact with Raymond -in New York and at each oi the meetings
actually held in New York arrangements were made between him and Raymond for a
subsequent meeting. [X
He stated that the only time he and Raymond traveled together in
New York City was on one occasion only when both got i a cab and went to a.restaurant at some place which he does not recall.
At the last actual meeting which he held in New York with Raymond,
Fuchs stated he believes he told Raymond he was about to be transferred either
to England or to Los Alarms and that, in the event he desired to get in touch
with Fuchs, Raycnond could contact his sister, Hrs. Kristel Hsineman, whose
address on llt lakevievr Street, Cambridge, mseachusetts, Fuchs furnished to
Raymond at that time. He stated that he did not like to bring his sister's
name into this matter, but since she was in no way being involved in his .
Espionage activities, he decided it was the best way to permit a renewal of
the contact in the event it were lost. Fuchs stated that some time subsequentto this meeting he traveled to Washington, D. 0., where he conferred with
-16-
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18ir Jamerggsduick, a representative of the British lession. At this metingwith Sir mes Chadwick, Fuchs learned that he was to be transferred to Les Alamos
and would, therefore, not-he going hack to England. Prior to actuallyleaving for Los Alamos, Fuchs made a trip from New York City to Cambridge,
Massachusetts, where he saw his sister. At this time Fuchs informed hissister that she might be contacted by an individual whom Fuchs designated by
some name uilich he does not now recall, but which name may have -been Joseph
or Jack. Fuchs told her that this individual would say at the time of
meeting that he brought "greetings from Karl". These arrangements had
previously been agreed upon between Fuchs and Raymond. Kristel Heineman whencontacted by Fuchs in this regard, was agreeable to being so contacted.
Fuchs was asked it, during the period he was in Hear York, he could
have told his contact that he was going to Mexico instead of New Mexico.
Fuchs stated, that he was sure that he had not stated that it was Mexico
inasmuch as he had no intention to go to Heactco in connection with any
Atomic Energy work. Fuchs also stated that he believes that he gave his "
apartment address of 128 West '?7th Street, New Yorl-c_ ty to Raymond at thewe meeting follmdng his moving to that address.
Y
-17-
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As set forth in the preceding section, it Ias definitely decided
in the meeting Fuchs had with Sir James Chadvlick in Iashington, 13.0., in
July, 1944, that Fuchs would be transferred to Ins Alamos to Iurk on the
Atomic Energ Project there rather than returned to Ezgland. In accord with
this, Fuchs traveled to Les Alamos, He! Mexico, where he arrived on about
August 1.4, .1944, and where he worked as a physicist in the Theoretical
Division of the Laboratory. While Fuchs -was still an employee of the British
Mission he was, at Los hlamos, working under the over-all control of NED. He
was working on confidential and classified researchand was, through his
enployment in the Theoretical Division, given access to practically all of
the information with respect to the plans for the detonation of a plutonium
bomb. He learned of the contemplated use of the implosion theory in such a
detonation and began work on various aspects of uch a detonation, including
the Lens System, various implosion desigis, the theory of- the jets in con-
nection with implosion, and similar confidential work as an expert physicist.gt Ips Alemos he was assigned a room in a dormitory in the restricted
asnomcs commas. IN cagsatms, M.ASSACHU$E1'l.S, ERUAH,l945 M
gs stated, -Fuchs was transferred PO Los Alamos in August, i944.
He advised that the German Gomumrd.st Party would likely have information on
all the members of his family. He, Fuchs, did personally belong to the '
branch of the German Communist Party in England after he came to London.
It is quite likely that he furnished biographical information concerning his
sister, then residing in the United States, to this underground Communist
movement in England. He never furnished any biographical data on any other
American. Thus, it was hardly necessary for him to mention his sister and
her address; although it was suggested that his sister be used as a contact,
he does not know for sure whether he made this suggestion or whether it was
made by someone else. He did not like to use his sisterls home as a contact _
place, but did agree to it since it did not involve her, but if she did sus ctanything she would think it was in connection with Communist Party work.
Fuchs stated he v:Lsited his sister in_Csm1'.u'idge in February, 1945. 1
He had planned at first to visit her at Ghri'shnas, 1941., but this trip was '
cancelled. It is probable that he wrote to his sister that he would visit her -
.13-
1
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later in February, 1945, since this was about the time of the birthday
of one of his sisterls children. Rhile he was visiting his sister in
February, 1945, his sister, Kristel. Haineman, told Fuchs that his contact
he believes the name "Joseph" or "Jack"-has used! had visited her and she '
had told this contact that Fuchs ms coming :l.n February, 1945. He also '
advised on another occasion that it was possible that his sister had written
to him at Ins Alamos, advising that "Joseph" had called. A contact, Raymond,
later identified as Harry Gold! did visit his sisterls home whiie Fuchs was
there in February, 1945. He did not like this meeting to be in his sister's
home, but he accepted it. No espionage matters were ever discussedin the
presence of his sister. The contact, Raymond, came to the door and probably
asked for Fuchs, and when he was informed that the contact was there he called
dorm from upstairs for Raymond to come up to Fuchs bedroom. His sister may
have been there in the bedroom with than for a minute or so. I-Ia does not
recall this as being so, however, nor does he recall telling his sister to
leave - although he probably would have done so had she been there. He does
not recall that Robert Heineman was there at any time while Raymond was
present. He believes that in the home at the time Raymond was there were his
sister, possibly her children, and Fuchs. The call was made in the latter part
of the forenoon and lasted for ten minutes, or perhaps some longer period oi
time, but Raymond did not stay for lunch. He recalls that his sister told him
that on a previous visit of the contact to the sister's home, the contact,
Raymond, had brought-some chocolates for the. hildren, although he does notremember a hook having been mentioned. X M
The conversation which took place between Fuchs and Raymond in
Fuchsi bedroom at his sistervs, Kristel Heinmsnls, home in Cambridge, "covered
the following matters: _
grrangent for a meeting in Boston within a day cr two;
The contact requested the information of an up-to-date type and
Fuchs told him that he would prepare notes on the detailed
principles of the atom bomb construction for delivery to him
at Boston;
Arrangements were made for the meeting in Boston at a specific .place, time and date; g
~19-
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ea.
h During me meeting at an-1=se1 gém-an-e
bynene a yellow eiw e't'reetlnep.et the Gityj
leeIe:1ee,I'h1eh§ie.e nee! ee _atae1e_tor p1*ann1:tg: _
' eequent neeting there 7I_ehl.ltatOd_'_he ilerlnllly; 7 92ta-ought the up with hi: . ' . ' . rthe 'p92u-peee or 2.; ,
arraniig this eehee . alt ,1_e tehe-_ ~'
mated thatnehe tee of Santa '-l'e,e_ bi;-' ' _
In Iexiee, leeued. by §uie{ee,T _
etated that it Iaejeta p thieh he . " _ » ' -.
tareielued tet lapped a , 92 -
Due to the teet thet 1-e'.§eu1 ayeguler _ '
betli and had M..ft1en1lw- in , It IFae_Iqp_ehd ' _
who eeleeted the time fer -the meeting Iae te-be! L
held en Alameda 8treet, thieh do the liver anl Repeal j
In te bmvaltingenthie etre _ V I einttye; trees and '!arkhenehee,e'.nd.lneheie.ete $.n.aear"'iheree ¢ wu
.e ~ ' "
Penn eteted he" them,'1n lrletel Iieineuere hue," prepared e paper
ihleh wee the rst reelly detailed paper he ha! prepared onneerningltmlhmh eenetruetiem Ie later stated that he had no phqlieal reeolleetien,
however, of preparing the paper, er~1n_ which rem it tee prepai-eel, or if he t
aetually eat dean at a deek and prepared it. He etated, however, that he
did not bring aw paper: with him from Lee Alene:-. !_h9292e, it wee legieal toname that he prepared thc at Me e1eter'a W , - "
_ Hie eenteet, Raymund, never epehe of hie eeataete in any reg, new-er
rererred to than ae he, she, they er "by people. He inected at IO 'in mi p§? et in the-metzlea that Fuehe eem reea rlieaetent aseneeeane e eeuewae
there, but Iuehe keen that he did not want Raymond to eteyleng-and he nere
er leee pushed. him eat in erder to terminate the meeting. here wee he
indieation during this eenvereatten that Raymond hes! tried te reach hie in the
meantime the maa had not been heel he had ne neeeage through aw otherchannel 1- a1'l:he92Igh hie litter m written nu, he belietel, mu Josephma been 1m The letter: rm hie eleter em in mglm. U
Iulle he was at the Bitumen heme he reeeile that Ibndelz-ry
eane to the heuee on a vleitt D rnubere he -telephone ealle or teleyhene
nmbere hafingbeen lettinaqtayterhinteaekenee e£'1h.lehl.ng eeentaet. Be deee aet remember the hh { Leuleuw 2-2871'. lie deee _not remember the neune-3.13-er Jen-uieplu e, lam. le Ieeld not ea;-with
peeitiveneee that thie amber had not been left, hut that it weuld have been aneat manual. thing and that he hae he reeelleetien at it Ilaeteeeyem he ehted he
d!
' I... ._ I 4 . -.-¢-..-____...__.¢--1---.-1---..---_ --4.-» - Iv? - -.-.. _ 4 ... ._. - - .-. _
iaaalélstublqmozul attend
aamat--Ihhnr:ltIu
. muunnunuwmm
tgwwsmyrwammwwwm&;2gs&yQQ j!M
Fuchlstltod p:I.ngI1thtb'q|0¢££1on.r:ugnmutanda
_Ih11oha'nanocb1ng Ir.toto1Il0i.nann'lhenna<|q0ruI
pnrlouq, bl, Inch: Item, IlIIl0llBlI§-lilo this II-I in
khan : 1945: Jun
auanbcnd that tho
largo, -_pnh'l.1o bu.
unnarhin, but dip:
01.000 to the ltlwr, marl.
II8]I.1'l'»i.¢92921lt1II1d0¢ Ian:
ltnalnthogomnlaaaat Quail, 1944- Dunn;
the noting in Ida 1,-,_|;|ber'a*hcm. In
.0, .. -= ,,,._-.7. , ,*"§ ! 5 <3 §:" :§;"" W _ ----.9; _
I _l i . - -192 .
In-tr Io:-th Station. At this not-1:3 in Ioatqa no oral um-nu»; nu hinilbd
to Raymond by hobs, -henna: he bu Raymond;-.I_nn.d1mt udurstnnd an 011.1,
oontidamlslll into:-ntion or 0 to stun. Intonation, haanr, In
£un:l.|had in writing as tailors: Lg!
Ion at that In than known oonhn-nag i.Ip'.l.od.on; y
Ghultiod intorntion data ln1_1ng Iith the 111010 pm-01:10: 6!
nk:lnga.nl.tcnbnb£nnld.omh1ont0rll1uhthuninn'_¢92n problem; '
' I'M upon, ll I011 I-I tln.p1'~o§p0o'd.n
contraction and predation aim ata bub,
in Mn; »
Intoamttin an to the priuiplo of tho 'mm at detonation nil.
~ llll.92iQ1'|;
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Iullntumtionhmlatohiautotlntypootcong ~'. , L §
Mu
Eiéfi -3,.
-. -...-.-.__ _-»-----um-4.4»-.__.-.44 _ 4 .. . -
- Blitrer
mmmn@umummt¥m¢mmm,nmz '92tin,-iaan.nlJJ.}'adaptad; - -
" 4
!l:aa!.laaa~taautardi.Iaa&aI1o.fthah1ghupJ.oa1vaa:upaaut;
21» pmuant; at inn; ; p1mu.u.u|t;
'!ha£actthatah1|ha:,p1oa1na|a.t11=a'a£aa|Qaaa1amIaa
. oanuidn-ad,bntbadaatbaanaut;:a1;dac11ladupaa; *
Tau diicultiaa at ultipla paint datcnatlon aa this Ill tho
apacitta pmhha aauhioh Iuuhaaaa than_wrk:.ng;
nkighly-_apcntanao'na_11u.i.an
atatadhadidmtatthattinu qt
a'abatanuaaa1'J.uton1u2£0,ho1mn
batitlatarhaeannkaumaaflutau.
u oaaparativa critical nan at utomu as unpu-ad with V
Brad. 335; _ . g
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~ - ' - > -'1-= .~ -.~-i 1' 1¢-:- 1'" ~-92.-. ~ _,.1 ».<,'z-- =:<,,= ,¢.'.:.'-'- ;-.1: -..= 3'---;-'1'.-~,;---1.-.>: 4- .~= '~ ""= F;'? .4-" :92.I 1- »."§~.';§-,.-11-$2 .~'§:~' " ' -'-*~.=-*1? FF n~ _ -1"-._:f;», -_.~ - - , . . ,. - -»-- .-an . - ' ¢'-' ':' --n- ' ,i-:J-'-- *':,jf§F' 3 ' . *1 * .-.~ *<* -V-r-1"-=-* <~"?_ -<.1'..,¬~.=»n: ~-' ' 92-- ' I. . 3.-- ' '~.. > - *...- 71-_ ' - _ _ -i_,'_~.., ,.-@' . -A.- ~._-. ._ ..__. , . _.. F 92 _.. , - _,'._-;:!*'_ -< .1-92 . 5- ' . - -_ __§' .15; ':'.§,'
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A bxfongltb an ptporo nan an mu nu Axum, mac to paints nay £or_,;_ ~-hlrnry wrbnlngmm urivqd at hid stator: hula, a=_l:1r}0,|l=Vr00oIl.1a_iit;len,bud on lcglal. rooomtrutlm, in at; ho -1::-oprogl tin" pagan _,f_ --- D1. -hr1 mu and an 801110: can qt mm new ¢_»:u?-uy-1tu:uru:,a_;.., *-'-'"_Ic 1| ma: Ame in giving u I1ga9i"lkahn|n'b Ifuhi stated am '
the propnntlon at u papa-1, II1O'Ill1O rithout the knowledge 5,0!1" or bur hubum, that they Iii-9 not punt during tip d1loul1one' _-~ Raymond cm! they -Ind notnowlodgo cftb puépolo Qt the lil-IIi.Ola§;:&aI'l. ' '-*2
prolongod and qontimwu qnaatiuigg oonau-ling in looting in;loon;*-I_feh|I I
position olunpd trm that or poa1'l:i.von0u'-- can giving, I-I shun
- ybpioal location of the nooti.n,5,'ke -one at a rlthbr-II_bu1onl_._tgp|"'Ih|h Inlhdml in had no pwlical rooollsutien of than lo0t£ng_ in Bolton»
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,
', ~ -_.-92-w». _ - $4.-..
-s
" :.*;#:""
' nrnngnmts aide in ht; uiitu-I hub 1'01-an -muting in
-92__.,.-f._...¢~i_.._-l_-92__ . ._.._--~- V - 924-- -- -
. e_ j tc £13 I
EH M121? memsv, 1§1:1@1u@ :=91t=1,<>.4v_.-1=1vs.- 1_az']@ ;92
Ink:epLng!1thBrrmgenenteIh1.chlphdbecnndelntheh0methche'lleter I1'.l.atel Bllnellnl in Olnbridge, lleeeefuhtwetta, in February, 19L5, Fuchs
etatedthn.the'ace1dneeth:LecoaatectH.eymnd1n8enteI'e:I.nJune,l945. Ilehed. _
eheInh.ynendcaanepIterethe7Ieuldneet;endtheyd1dmetetthen1.ece1:xi:.cetedu:L1.mede8tmect,Ihe111tli.eeelcnge1detherlwer, endbeteeenQeetle Btaet end Delgado Btreet, when thereexe treeeendbenchee edjeeeutte
theetreet. I-1'tertheynet,!uehethenIente1terhi.eceri!:l.chheIuuei.ng,aad
tethenpdebedcphieeeutectlieyeend,endtegethertheydreneereeetherlver
lu'1dgeendturnedle£t1ntcaleneIhi.chten1.netedetegete.__1! etcppedtheear, ett1ntheeer,endtel1:edtegetheretth:l.edeeertedQvt. §§u_
in the oer, Inch: delivered 1n 11-lttng ee Inch intonationoten aehe hed_ceneern1ngthe.l-Benb. E ee inteanedqncxeithe e ete::plee1en'ne eocntebeheldiniulyet Aluogonlo, endhe nee tuna-bed edditicnel intcxmtien at this the which he poceeeeed ceneerndng
1np1.ce1cu. He gen :I.uIr.lt:l.ng e deecripticn ctthe plutcniun benbI!r.92.chIebto -be tested. Be fumiehed lea intonation than Md heretetepe been turniehed
eencexndngthe ignition etthe bomb, althcughthie lpitieneyeteuhedactyetbecncompleted. B in-nalehed in u-iting the pr.1.nc1plee et IBM calculations, the lethcde- or eeIl.cn1et1ng efficiency and the results ct the e1e:!.eney calculations. lie "B3 eteted that ee but he ncelle, his eetinete ee to the eelcuh. ettieiency ren
rranaenJ.1pe:~eentegetceeh1ghe.e50%,Ih1chhenbeeque celledin U!F ecnpazzlng :l,t I1 the ml neeulte ct efciency teete ct eel5» e later Itgaeekd. expleuzlen amen _ elee !nsrcmaticn concerning the eiee et the bub, 1:10-In
Jepen 1! it were teund effective in the teat. B her 92- +
the eethegunbutheknewverylittleebeutitc Heprohel; .-referred written ccmunieltien. He prepared e eheteh of the but
mditeccupcne _ 11pcrtantd1nene:lene1nd1ented,endhed1~eIeei.euletedsketch cenng nod ct about ten Ilnntea, which-ee beet he ceald recall Ill
Ildlertothe r»ie:rte:IIbetchhetumed0rerteIeynendttth1eIet1ng. Ellenfurnished intersutrl ae to the type 01' -eon, e cleecrlptien of the initiator and 'detail: ea to 1.1» sup;-.@¥> {A
' Qxellyetthieneetugwlzdlednthe eedthethetu-ud.ehedthe mace er the types ct e:p'.|.ce1vee to be need the epprc-.d.eete eite
e1the'rrl.ml.tyteetIh:l.chIaeeecntebelede,e.nd tthel-Bcabecceziingtecalculations would be veetly greater in :l.te euzpleedn teree than lerge quautitieeor I'll. He tn:-nlehed, in tect, a epeeitic gure te eetchueh e ccnupuiamtx
Be eteted that hie paper ne written in lengnnd, and in ite prepeatien
prior to the time elm: he left Lee llama, he consulted official. classied
decmente at Lee llama in pneperlng the lmghmd date rleh he delivered to hie
eepiomge centect hyneud. He remember: epeciticlythat he Inldned n£.cd.el-dccunente to e'hte:l.n intonation concerning the epeezlel lethod 0! detonation, the
IBM ellcvleticne end the meeult et the etticiency calculations. Be eteted that 1 V
* 'aL»9§§<,.4_'-4/<3 lX>_Uwv @/@/
.._- .. . -- _¢.-_..__..,..k4-Q---n--4.-_,--I---.-Q.-..--_.. ....-_. _ _ .. . _ -. - -- - 92--v-4 -92 - 1
Qgfl ~ mwéi ' ¢,1!¢»@ -~*~
hyaiand gr lhatiadlifting 1'0
hm mm
Diiblipg
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1IndortbIIu-ll1.co.'._|troI|.¢@.
at8a_mh?o,u'nn3omnt|Iuralldc
III-rl*tll.IIhI'0;:ida'la0,'b:l.Il|Il_dkauhbotiu. ndntooti-ho
ptaubur, 1945, an in aala that 1% II-IIlnt-Ila hillllll Eh-Big .ac 1Ih'Il_.d.lt ml-iimh R$lRh
1
|
I_ M - 1|. p -o :A;_4-»92-J- ~4I. . --'¢-;=;_ - -ua»é_ _ --1 _ 1- ~1-.1. n .n. 1- ' ' i. a - ~
. r ~ = ttt;4! §§$mi " iii!
tlIl.oIot1||gIu'to ho holdin
lootingotgbningtinmooooat,
otot1oa!.nLolna»'l_'h1o~ltat A 1|
a1:l1t o1ontor!._on1pto.11-3."honotohlioa oopy
bulooi
I at bio
onnt on _
0 19 : I31
£t Inn Llano
oon:!.do:92t:l.on
d not how ho:
on given to"lter:
one:-gone;
Ir tho
1-R JIIQ; 1
no gin: to
ho could oz-nnao ti
tho possibility tmt ho lott V
Loannoonnd ohaootto,lltboJ.utdAy
O:JIl_;1
mmm '
aiostokoopthiooooo
8optonbor,1945I:|.thBaynond oolritloonroutoott
inodoaorthotioonboollono md8mta1o,'ondthorou~otoo
hnndbooodouintornntianilnohhoatojnodinhiononory. Enid
inuyhoadtodothio Hoturnodtlnopoporuhiohhopropuodonrtooamolp1omgoomtaot,~Iiththo£u11lntontioaondpm'pooothat1tIou1dbo
tmnnnttodthmughlaynondtomatorthobomtotthosoviotiaionandito
ltouio Rnorgy nuarohondoonstrootion pa.-ogru. In doom not hollow that hisaport oontainod any intozntlon on to tho .1'om'l.to or the Jopuuo ouploolono,
tooauoo ho hollow: that Dr. Ponwm rope:-t oouoomtng this II-I lotor pm-oporod. '
.
Ineludod among tho intormtion ha-niohod by Ill.ou
othonlioo indioatod, to hynonzi for truuittal for Baton,
Ion tho tollolingn hot that tho |:rocl|urt:|.oa,o£ pr
south; that tho yroduotlonot utminno about 20
ltoot lo in 1945 lIL_.thlro Ion Q1; tor; tow A-Dumbo,
natoral iootopoo! lute uod:l.ooJ. on! otlar noon-oh work no
otltodhonoabout 39I£|.Ol1'1'UEl-"iQ'b£1lI10Il"lI'lA'.L otlilnao
It-ho Itrinity tout", and ho v;I._oIod the units that Ion oboornblo '
position. At I-on Elmo, lilo work no oonoornod nth guring out '
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areubeequentlq-inbgland. It1IiJJ. benetedthet freeeme otthedatee otthe
Ieetiage at which eone or the enbjeot nattere were dieoueeed, that it would have ~been iepoeeible tor thle intonation to have been delinaed to hynoai by Phebe
atthe8opteaber,1.9l»5oeIt_eotbetIeenthee, dnetothehet tbatthemetiagewere not held until. eubeequently. lime, hie logical zetionelieetien that thie Ill
eobeequeatZ|.y£*aniebedinhg1andIhenhe oetedthettheintereetieneee . 'paeeed to hie Itueeian espionage oontaet.
'- Le tor the document known ae IS!-E18, the title being "Adaptation of I-25 1
Plant alor Partial. Operation on the Geeoedo or Gaeeadee Principle--Flor Sheets 92
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it no prior te hie going to Lee names. be Gaeeade er caeoedee no eoneidexed
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Fuchs stated that, generally, information of a technical type vas givento Raymond in writing. He maintains thet92at no time did he have any othercontact. nor was the associated with anyone else, in the United. States directlyor indirecthr in espionage activities, Hisnmerican contact, Raymond lateridentified his photogrelph as Berry Gold! . would not be able to _'lJ.ndei'sta.m1technical information furnished orally; thna, "to a considerable extent andgenerally, the oral information dealt with personalities, the identities of _ .scientists, plans for the test explosion at Alamogordo, and things that were -" _ 92within the scope of comprehen on of his contact. He advised that Baymond nevertook notes at any meeti_41g.G¥5 M _ _ e _ Q H _
He stated that hislbest estimate is that the information f1J.I'niBh6G. byhim speedsd up by several years the production of an A-Bomb by Russia because itdid permit them to start on the development of the 91131051011. and have this readyby the time the fissionable material was ready. His estimate of "several years"is based. on a speculation as to how good the B:u.ss1a.n scientists are and how farsdvanced the Russian development was at the time. His conclusion is that theRussian scientists are as good as the scientistsin England and in the UnitedStates, but there are fewer good scientists in Russia than in the United Statesand England. He gave his Russian espionage contacts nothing which would speed uptheir production of plutonium, and he estimates that if he had given the samedata, which he gave to the Russians, to the United States, as of the date of his 'arrival in the United States, he would have speeded up the American production ofan A-Bomb only slightly. He did pass on to his espionage contact what he learnedconcerning the production of plutonium during the final period of his work atLos Alemos. Upon further reflection, he stated that the information furnished byhim alone could have speeded up the production j-of an A-Bomb by Russia by one yearat least. He advised that if Russia -got no information on the plutonium processfrom any other source, his data, as nished them, could not have been of material
u _ -assistance on this plutonium phase. 92%
inf orr.1at_ i on _0 one erninqgpl-I-¢Bo;lE> u
Fuchs claims to have furnished no information to his Rissien contactsconcerning the H-Bomb while he was in America. As far as information mrnishedby him on this subject is concerned, he referred to a statement obtained from himby Mr. Michael Perrin who is a British Consultant in Atomic Energy Developmentand who interviewed him at t equest of American authorities, and a report hasu. mibeen s b tted by Perrin. A
During the last period of his work in Ilosnlamos, Euchs said he did some._ - - - ¢.-___..._....__...---._.-...-a.._..._._s__._-..-___ --<--- -_. ~ - - - - -- - *' ' ' "' '
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research work on the H-Bomb, including hydro-dynamics as involved in the U, S. work,He was arguing with himself about this time concerning working on the H-Bomb, andalthough he subsequently passed on to his espionage contacts in England what he hadlearned in the United States, he was then ne 'the1ess possessed of one doubtsas-to the wisdom or propriety of his action.[% > u
_ In referring baclz to his first paper delivered to his contact, "Alexander,"in England, he stated that this paper, he recalls, was confused, and he stated in
we- 29- $565:
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comparison his information concerning the H-IBomb work: in the United States atthe time he returned to England was also best described a a. confused picture.He stated that when he, Fuchs, left I405 AJ-'amos', however. he knew as asanyone at Loe Alamos about the matter - hut much has since.happened M
1 J-<Qf°m§?;i-.9-5iE15:TQtqd 'b§LFn_chs to fork Git _i__]Jecemhe_r_ 12§3_to ,i1ggust_
OralWritten Information Furnished: . ' f. . ' I
1. His longhand drafts ofthe 13 Msn papers prepared by him, and 921 ' _ »
20 ' I . E
3. Q I - 1
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1.
2. '
r@§11@al of the information contained in those papers at the time
he d li d the la ifie e vere m was c ss dHie furnished what he knew and that was quite much concerning
gaseous diffusion, which was later applied in the production
process at Oak Ridge but he knew hardly anything about theelectro-magnetic process, although he furnished what he did know,He furnished general information concerning membranes and the
composition of sintered nickel powder Although he did not knowmuch about the technical details, he furnished the information
as to the principle.
He furnished information concerning the general scale of the effectof the American program, with the approximate timing of this programHe furnished information from time to time, as received by him,
concerning the over-all and general effect and activities inconnection with his own work relative to the oroduction of fissionablematerial and its potential use as an explosive in the war effort
Information Furnished
Information as to the address of his sister, Kristel Heineman inCambridge, Massachusetts for contact purposes.At each meeting in New York he and Gold agreed orally as to thedetails of time and place for the next planned meeting.He furnished information concerning the identity of officers andthe identity of leading research personnel at The Kellen Companyand The Manhattan Engineering District in New York. He alsofurnished information concerning personalities and the generalpersonnel situation at these establishments.He furnished information that. a plant ras to be established forthe production of fissionable material, to employ both the gaseousdiffusion and the electro-magnetic processes in the developmentof fissionahle material, such materials to be used in the c1evelop- ;ment of an A-Bomb, and the plant was to be built somewhere in thesoutheastern part of the United States later at Oak Ridge!,
1'19-5580111196?-lie. during a meeting at the home of Fu. s sister, Kristel Heinenan.He did furnish the following o¥a.l hfomation: C { ,
.-3Q .-
'%'1&{|:"T_. s 31: cam-iggq, tgssggnusetzs! Fe'b;_'3._a;[ 1955 [A
Fuchs stated that he passed no written information to Gold at Cambridge,
-v I. ~ 2.
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, o XOral plans for e.-meeting soon afterwards in the City of Boston. Td Oral plans for a meeting to be held in June. 1945. at Santa Fe.- New Kexicopend in making these plans a detailedstzeet map wasexamined. He agreed. to prepare for delivery to Gold at Boston ---a paper containing additional confidential, classified. ini'orme.tion..'He agreed thaththe information contained therein would bring the - Uinformationvhich he possessed up -to date as far as passing suchinformation to his contactnnaseconcerned. - ' N3.. He received an oreloffer of money from Gold; he does not recall92
>-
would not do "such "a. thing.
nforlnation Del.ive_red_§,t Boston. Ma§§sch_J.;_s_etts_, re'srum;_191+5 M ' M
Fuchs claims that he irnished no classified oral info1ma.tion at theBoston meeting, held within a few days after the meeting at his sister's home,but that he did prepare a. written paper which. he believes, was prepared by himin his sister's home and irhich he delivered at the heretofore described meetingin Boston. This information was all in writing and consisted of: 1
'. /1. Details of the principle of .A-Bomb construction.2. The principle of the method of detonation.3. The decisions made up to that time as to" the type of core -he knew nothing then concerning a solid core. f_ll-. The principle of the lens system, although it had not yet beeni definitely adopted. '
5. The cuter dimensions of the high explosive and the lens system.6. The poeisibility of melting 3 plutonium bomb. -'7. Most of what was then kznown concerning implosion - this was the
main point covered by this paper.8. That high explosive was the type of material for compressionbeing considered, although it had not been entirely decided upon.9. The difficulties of m|.1ltip1epoint detonation, on which Fuchs
was then working. '
10. The sequence of timed explosion. - *ll. The agreed-upon, as well as the prospective, plans for the 92construction and the production of an A-Bomb, as was then knownto llime 7 I12. The high spontaneous fission rate of Plutonium 2%. _ Although -'he did not know the material as Plutonium 2140 at that time. heknew it was a type of plutonium.! i13. The critica.l"me.ss of plutonium as compared with Uranium 235. ,11+. approximate amount of plutonium necessary for such a bomb.The_ 15. The cur:-pgnt ideas as to the need for sn initiator. %lA
He does not believe that he disclosed at that time the amount of U-235that was required in the production of an A-IBom'b. Likewise. he did not 1:now_whether mention was made at this meeting of the sintered nickel powder. M
.. 31 _
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., .. - -.the Blbecific amount. but he turned down this "err and stated he ' X
92 ¥
, 9, _ _10. The intention to use the bomb against Japan. = >
ll.~ - A V KP 1g e 9'9 ! -
@'nX'0I'mationDeli'[8red gt §§nt_g_Ee,c_New I~£eT;gic_o¥June lij M .~ . 1' Written Information Furnished: - ~l
1l. A description of the plutoninm bomb. - =
2. A sketch of the bomb and its components, with important
dimensions indicated. There is attached a reproduction made
by Fuchs in about ten minutes of what he believed is a similar- sketch furnished at this meeting.! _
3. As much up-to-date information concerning-'the bomb as he then ,
knew. e
ll-. Additional information concerning implosion. 7
5. Additional information concerning ignition - although this_ research was not yet finished} ' K' 6. The principle of IIBM ce.lcuJ.etions.F e
7. The -method of efficiency calculations. _8. The results of efficiency calculations, his estimates being from
e. small percentage to fifty percent.
- The size of thebomb. '
The type of core.
12. A description of the initiator.13. Details as to the temper. - L
Oral Information Furnished: |
- 1. The names of the types of explosives to be used in the bomb.
2. The fact that the Trinity test explosion of the AIBomb was soon
to be made, and the_approxi.mate site oi the test.
3. That the explosive effect of the A-Bomb would be vastly greater
than INT, and a comparative statement as to the amount of TNT
was actually furnished. He lcnew at this time that work on thegun was going on, but he knew very little about it. 6%
K °n1@rt19EéQ¬livemd st éenie Fa. New I;fssi<=@;n_§sntemberc19+i'j g J / .
1. That the production rate of U-235 was about 100 kg. per month. l
2.tfritten Information Furnished: I
That the production of plutonium was about 20 kg. per month.3. Information dewieloped by him in connection with his work,
concerned with figuring out where things might go wrong, X1+, Information concerning blast waves, especially the tail end of I
the blast 92~ra.vee, as he was doing work on this.
_ 5. Results "er the Trinity tests and whether the English were
keeping up with the U.S.A. in developments.6. His work on the initiator.
7. The rate of production. _ .
8. He may have furnished something concerning the pre-assembledcore and compass, and the chances are he did, he advised.
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9. The critical sise,.which would have been important only if-
-someone wanted to know how many bombs were being made, based-- upon the rate of the production of materials.
l, He believes he passed information that the barriers were to .- . be of "sintered nickel." -l1.- The special technical phase of plutonium, and the uses of a,
speoialelloying conetituen_t. A .
.3uch's stated that,-as of the time of the September. 197-#5, meeting,the uranium bomb at Los Alamos was an appendix and not too much interest wasshown there in this. type of bomb, and he knew of no. one at Los Alamos concernedwith the gun. Es advised that he knew of no stock pile of .i3omb§ in 1914-6since there were only a very few available, pend that the diversion of theisotopes material into medical and industrial research wa's very little. Hewas about twenty miles from the A-IBomb fission trial at Alamogordo, New Mexico,and observed what could be seen from that distance. He advised that only sofar as it entered into the interpretations of emerimentel results would heknow of the effect of an atomic explosion on human life. He lcnew nothing atthis time as to the change cf design concerned with gaseous diffusion orelectromagnetic forces,.a1tho'ugh he knew a small amount about making a compactmachine for gas. - - '
!;g_Il£QI'l8-t1;<!_1n;%[Jeli.V9_Ij$j, _in_ §fte; Return_-frcm_Il.S,A,;_,__be_tween un_e_ 1 D l F s as o ssss s s p en e """ "M" " "
- l. Data on the probability of predetonation, he relied on hismemory in furnishing this information. [ 12. Worlcing on the calculations involved in tests in connection
with the Japanese explosions, although the information possessedby him and furnished by him was not "the accepted figure, he
_Mlieves.®u _
For added pertinent information, he made the following commentsconcerning the delivery or nondelivery of information to his Russian espionagecontacts in the United States or in England, and it would appear that perhapsmost of this information which was delivered would have been in England sincehe claims to have had no contacts for delivering espionage information in theUnited States after September, 1945: ' '
1. As to the document referred to in MSN-'18, entitled "Adaptation
of K-25-_Plant for Partial Operation on the Cascade of CascadesPrinciple - - Flow Sheets, VIII. e.. b. c," he advised that hedoes not__z-emenber this report. He recalls that the problem was .'discussed, but he did not know a paper had been issued concerning pthe subject. He had heard nothing concerning K-25 at Les Alamos, ~end if he passed any information at all concerning K-25. it wouldhave been prior to his going to Les Alamos. ihe Cascade of _Cascades principle was considered in England previous to hiscoming to the United States and was transmitted to his Russian
SE9R¬T - 33 -
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, in England as well as a certain limited amount .of information -_ - .. ... _....-_...-.._..-_-..... ._ - -. - -_. - - -. . - 4 ---~-_
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- espionage contacts in England prior to his arrival in the _
- U.S.A. He furnished no information dealing with the work1 at Eanford, Washington. I "M
I
2. He did, give more than an indication as to the composite-bomb - ,
and its econogic features, this information having been_ given ' : at the last meeting in Santa. Fe in Segatember, 19-1+5. and the
first meeting in England thereafterwards. The information was ,. transmitted in writing. He furnished no information concerning
the problem of achieving e. non-equilibrium reaction, and he __ * does believe that he furnished information concerning the inverse
_ Compton radiation cooling effta ' 5
, 3. .Conce:-ning thermo-nuclear weapons, he advises that he furnished,
I'OLJ..g111.y, the information which was in the Fermi lectures as _
distinguished from the information set forth in the zyar
Handbook. He furnished some information relative to reactions
concerning barriers, but no information concerning conditioning
in the diffusion plant problems.
1+. Concerning the first "Super" conference in Mr. § "5 office, which was addressed by I-ir. Teller, he irnished no information ,which was discussed there. He furnished no information concerning t
the second "Super" meeting, presided over by I-Ir. Teller, and
info'rnation discussed by I-r. I-I. Hurwitz. Fuchs claimed to havebeen the one who suggested thefignition of the "Super" bomb "by _=,the implosion process. He furnished no information concerningthe suggestion of the cylindrical rather than the spherical }
implosion gadget. He furnished no information which was discussed
at the third and fourth "Super" meetings. He cannot recall the
subject matter at the fifth "Super" meeting. He did furnish the
identity but not the details concerning the development of slow
explosives as discussed by I-Er. Stout in Fuchs presence. He could
not identify the subject matter of Mr. I-Iilo Sampson's tall: at a y
meeting heldcn June 3, 19116. '-
M
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]/umsmmnsemrmrmmormmm '92 =.~.1 nu l_1'§i_ "i|:I.w.;- val Ii; - M .
huh: advised that eaqr hie arrival in the thtedetutca in
neeum-, 1943, he was eeeigned ea e. pert cf the-British Heston which had "
orneea at 43 Enchenge Place, In Icrk Gity, end Ilzlch as I01-lctng -under the '
' o'rc:92-all control ct the lhnhattan mgtneerctrict. 1E._e-ret"t:dpnwe.Irm
liwtcrkodtyettertldc e.cel.5n|mu:t'IaIhmhera:t"tc1:Lei.t his elat _Kristel Eelnumn, in Cambridge, llaeeaclmieette, en-mg swam, 19e.K§!u _
5
Inthe Springer 1944 ectuJ.J;'Iw9 end.!J,I191|4!!echeIe.dea e
- triptclentreel, umda, tcraconfeu-1lv:eI1.th0'ena.dLe_nce1q:t:I.atc,en»dhe '
etetedthatthepu-poeec1thi.etr1pI'a.eteeccmpemr.Pm£ceecrPede1-leihchad
rcunditneceaeugrtogotocenadatodtecaeeeteudepcvcblune. Facheiaeunable to rueaber the nemecot the eciurtiete contacted there except tor the
nameaoteleaenendianrekl. Hecndthethet:-ave1edtcB'ene.da.b;-ei.rend _also retumedtc New I01-1: Gitybyphhe. Pmcha said that_;tl.e trip hednc ' .
d:l.rectocmect1on'l:!.thenyeepdenage-engeged1n92I,7hll._Imchea1aov1e1.tcdeh1.e "
sister dnringthe-Spring or 1944 en several cccaeicna. He stated that thw
Ierepzobablyttcne--mnthnrtervela,andhebelieveethathermtthereatthc.tc!.nec£ch1rthda;rennd.veu-se.:-y.cccm2d.ng1nm',1944- Hcalecmde triptcace his sister abort]; bate;-e he left for In Alene: in Amulet, 19445
- In .m1,~,-,' 1944, Fuchs recalled that he £1-aveled to mum», 1:. e., 7
there he ccnten-ed with Sir Jamec chedlick, gthe 3r3.t:!.eh*1to¢.c Rim-gy
representative, endatthettime a. denited enlaemdethst henstcgotoLoeA1a:ncsz~atherthanretm1:tomglen?1z%>u'
After Fuchs arrived in Ins Alanna in August, 1941» he raneined theremt!-1@r92=ery, 1945. This Ia: his rst trip err the reatzjlcted reettionarea. M I
' mu: an reealledthnt an omcocea:d.on,I!rI.1elt Inatmnoe, he
_ nadeatripinanjnwbcabertoiall-ngton, D.-0., tcracanrermce, returningto Incllamce, a1ec:LnanArm;ypIl.enc. He dceanctrenanbeu-theenctdateetthis trJ.p,b921t the acme» of it Ieainocmccticn 1-11-.11 Ms ctrical Iurkt/Li! M
During November, 1945, Fnche left Inalluca to go to
Oenada, tcruerktor the British lnietryof 3ilPP11Iho'Iere attcnpting
engage people tor Icrk at Harrell, mghnd. -He was Izppceed to neat theparticular Lndividu. when he Ina to contact there in Ghlcago, but because ct his mm m in lleuico he traveled t_c Iientreal, Oanada, to make'bl.8 contact. '
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2l'acha,'£p1Jod.ng thin eon.tdr'mee, rstmued to , New
lieu:-Leo, there he not -lhr.-- Ind Ira. lira. Mia:-d teller, and thw-then traveled. to 1:1.» em mi-an;-u-»mu.<m-. - "lhq returned Iran
llezioo to Ina ames int-earl; Deeqiaer, 1945- Fueha-stated that this tripby the 31-Imp to-8121.00 Gity-was 1am "lay eemected with me espionage '
activities. Da:1I.ng_J_une, 1946, hchstldt Ins ames penanmtly, bd;.ngtrlmaterred bask to hglend. ltthat time he traveledete hziggteng D. 0.;and he believe: that h.e"recaJ.1n-staring at the Hotel &.Gl'8|il-'lIli 'H91i1IHt1
traveled to his ante:-In -heme in Gamhzidge, llaseaehuaetta um made a" t_1'Lptram there ;n company with his ulster, Kristel, to Behenntaay, liar Io:-k,there he was m-mm nausea . M -
Fuehsne questioned with regard to e pmpeoe of '|ih1st::I.p andhe stated. that Bathe had-hem eenneeted_ Iith the Theoretical mvidnn at
Ine1lmoe,"md.hehadlles1.re:lte telktohtmprlerto go:Lngba.e_k"toEngland. HO'500lihi.§.l§GPi1|ihlIil92Oll'HI1Bb1'1.p1nOl'd.¬rO gethe 1'_-slewtram her hue and child:-3:, and to give her a little outing. Inch: believed
theytrueledet leadtpart o£theIqI-byplnneinorderthat ehenrlght have th'l.a_ upfémeg Pasha aid that this trip was not connected nth hie
0 e act t -BP1-°l£ H Wm u . .
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Fuchs advised that in September, -1945, in Ins A181-nos his contact,
Raymond, gave him instructions for the carrying out o.f.a nesting in England in viewof the fact that Fuchs at that time believed that .he.1rould be returning to Englandaround the rst of the year, .:l94.6. -Fuchs himself actually designated the meeting
place in view or the fact thatiihaymond did not knew anything about England. -Fuchs
was to carry a copy of Iife' at this meeting and his contact was to have a bundle
of books. Actually Fuchs never utilized this method oi reestablishing contact withthe Soviet Intelligence Service in England because of the exposure; which had beenmade public in connection nith the Soviet In_telJ.1.gence network in Canada. He,
after his return to Harwell, England, in July, 1946, saw certain excerpts there
regarding the espionage activities of Alan Nun llav, the British scientist, and
this made him 1'ear.f'u1 of utilizing the contact although he did not actuall A evehe would be involved because he had not engaged in espionage in Cmam 'j
Late in 3.946 he decidedto utilize some other method of reestab shingcontact with the Soviet I.nteIlJ.igence Service and he therefore decided to attemptto recontact Jurgen Imczynsld. but learned that Imczynsld. had returned to Germany.He, therefore, contacted Jo @swch who he knew to be active in connection
with an underground. section of German Oomunist Party and Fuchs stated he ~
had known her prior to the time that he went to the United States. He contacted
her at her home a.nd told her that he had Ilost contact." He asked her to get
in contact with whoever had taken Kilczynslcils place in England and give them themessage but he did not explain further. A week or so later he contacted Johanna
Klopstech Just outside or inside the gate at Hampton Court and she at that timegave him instructions as to how he would reestablish contact for espionage
purposes. This included a password and recognition signals and the contact
was to have a red book in his hand while Fuchs was to carry a copy of "Tribune."'
Ihey were to meet at the Nagshead Pub in iroodgreen, London, England, ani the
recognition sigials included the contact making some remark concerning a drink
and Fuchs making the suitable reply. Fuchs believes that early in 191.? heactually reestablished contact with an indidual, whose name he did not know,at the Nagshead Pub and at the rst meeting with this man nothing was passed.The new espionage contact reprimanded Fuchs for utilizing Johanna Klopstech,
a communist, in reestahlishing contact with the Soviet Espionage services;From early 1947 until February or March of 1949 Fuchs -carried out approximately
six contacts with this new espionage superior and the contacts were spaced at -
approximately two-month intervals; however, Fuchs says that he missed a largenumber of these contacts. He said that there were 'tmo points for the meeting
places after the rst meeting and that they alternated between the two spots,one of them being at the spotted Horse Pub on High Street in London, England,
and the other was outside of an underground station in Kew Gardens, London,
England. Fuchs said that he believes that he only delivered one or two actual-_reports to this contact which he had taken iron his official position in con- -
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nsction Iith the Atomic Energ Research Plant at Harwell, England. He didfurnish to the contact information relating £0 atomic energy research, includingthe following: the mechanics of assembly ' I e lled" in the details on gs-.detonation as he had learned it in the United States. -He believes that
furnished calculations from the tno atomic bomb explosions in Japan, although
Fuchs cemented that his calculations based on this were not the officially
accepted calculations. was once asked about-the electromagletic process andthe efficiency fomh. U _ p _ 1
i Fuchs said that delivering material to this espionage contact, the
individual would usually disappear for a few minutes and then come; back, which
indicated to Fuchs tint he was passing on the reports to someone else. Fuchs
said that in meeting this individual in pubs, he would usually go in and sit
down and order his drink and a short time later he would see the contact in
the pub and Fuchs would wait until the man then left and would shortly thereai erfollow him out on the street there the contact would be actually esmbhshm. U
~ Fuchs said that in either 194'? or 1948 he accepted 100 pounds in English
money from his contact. Fuchs said that he was motivated in doing this by the
fact that security precautions had been tightened up after the exposures in
Canada and he felt that in accepting this money he was more or less assuring his
contact of his loyalty. Fuchs also said that he may have accepted apound or -
two in Bmglish money at various other times in order meet his expenses for travelbut that ~he did not accept any presents or gif'ts %§ U _
- ' Fuchs stated that 1948 it was suggested to him that he_contact anindividual by the name oxsvonlin at 2 Rue adolphi Bartholdi in Paris, France.
He was told that this individual would be able to place him in contact with
someone who would be able more fully to understand scientic terms. Fuchs
said that he never established contact with $ukhon1in'92 actually Vassili I,
_¥5§uk_i_;oniJine! in view of the restri i laced on sterling for use ini'oreig'"ii"EZi'avel at about that time W - -W
Arranganents were also made in order that Fuchs might establish
contact with his intermediary in case the other arrangements broke down p
by going to a particular address at L66 Kew Road in Richmml, Surrey, England.
At this point Fuchs was to throw a copy oi the periodical "Men Chy" over the 1
wall of a house. On the tenth page of this periodical Fuchswas to write
instructions for the next meeting. Fuchs was than to go to another point and
to make a chalk mark on a wall. Fuchs utzuised this method of contact on only *
one occasion Ihich was merely for the purpose of testing the arrangenent u;
and he did not place any instruction on the tenth page of the periodical. His contact at a lateznmeeting ed Fuchs that the proposed method o ta 1*establishing contact ha'd worked. It might be noted at this point tmdw p
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7 Fuchs said that he finally attending meetings with his contact
and that no attempt was made to again vats him in Sovietfgspionage. He also
said that his contact may have known that he was dissatised because he missed
so many meetings and also had not been -furnishing all the infomstion whichwas requested. w u l
Fuchs zrnished the following description of his last espionage -1
contact in England: . c
Name: Not known.
A56: 300 ;- 1.Height: 5'6" or 7" '
weight: 160 - 170;?
mes: No recollection. 92Build: stoclqy
He-Lr: Dark blond, combed back and believed parted.
Features: Féirly round face.
Nose: Short nose-
Lips: Neither thin nor thick.
Q-lasses: No.
Teeth: No recoJ_|.ect:i.on.
Nationality; Fuchs said he could have been a Russian but he is not sure of this._
Accent: Had slight accent. Fuchs not able to identify. r
Occupation: Does not know. /I
Habits: Drank beer but did not smoke. I
Personality: Friendly but somewhat reserved.i
Scientic Background: None 92
Dress: Well dressed-
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Fuchs cdvieed.--that--dm'l.q-Qcvuiier, .194-'7,-'h0 tmvcd. to the _United Bwtee-by plane, um-ing in In--!crk~*9:!.tq'. He--etqy-ed-a day ortime in II;-ierl: Bit; at e hotel; itchine upper llmhet-tn .'Brcedn;y,- ~- ~ er 'I88 en e ltreet-tee cr'three{h1cc1:e~abcve_-311th Street. -Be111th Street 111110 otthetact thathe renqhujcdthst lira. Ii. I. B.
Fuchs that-tart to Rehingtorn, 9.0., inane he It-tended a de-c1eeei.£:I.ce:ti.cn ccnrerenoe in celqpaqy Iith other British acimtieta. Hemid that this conic:-nee lasted, three er tour -:h;re,,end he ecu there anumber ct American ecintieta Iith Ihcnhe hadiorhed eteloe nes. Heeaid that .fc11o'I:|.ngeth1e "conference,-the traveled hack teller York Q11? andthen wart to Ithaca, Bar Iork. Lt Itheee he visited Cornell II|:1Ver::I.fq',
the:-ehetalkedtc Dr. Bethe; allr. Illeon, Pl.JJ.1.plioz'nI.eon, andhichendP. Fqnmn. Be conv'ereat1cneIith'theee individnele were in regard to eIcrkbd.ngtbneh3'than:I.nn1ac1earstudiecat_Dorne11 '§Ql/{ -' u than traveled to Rochester, lid York; there he Iae in contactwith Bob ehek, than he had knmln at Ioe jlamoa. He oeeid thet hearrived in ester in the late.-erteu.-neon, and recalls hang ehoun e
671:-'l.ctronhyIh'. Hard:-Bk. Fuchrthmrelrt to Olzlcago, Iherehe quart I-IOdays at the lrgcrme Rational Ieboretory, I.nd.he~recaJle being in contact withhr. Zim there. Fhche I8-1-d that specic pem:I.ee1oa had been obtained. for
vieit to the Argonne Rational. Iehoratorlea, and his access to intonationthere wee 11Il1'|I-Gd to some extent. lhile in Chicago, Fhche said that he searIke. dlu, but em not believe-that he es! 1idIard_*%Te11er Iho maJust left cage. He eaid that on one evming Ire. teller invited e
peopJe1ntoee_eh1n,huthe dceenotrecellthenemee. Hedoeerecelleeeing!=- o-=<1!=:§- -=1-1= 1» -<=1=1<==¢<>- §Q u92
After leaving Chicago he tent to Bchmectaw, llelr York, Ihere he
-qaecrtonecrtrodayeatthecenemlhlectric .Heea1dt becau-ferret! use a mhnbez of persona, :l.nclv.di.ng n;-ner and mdgm. Hemid that he was atom the-betatrcn and the qnchrotron. Fuchs acid that
he had eeverel info:-bl dieoueetone there gave a short, informal lecturecnoeu'te3.nIorkbd.ngdoneatBer|reJJ.%Sd92k _-
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Fuchs *bhen bm1re1ed to Gmlbrldgq -II-samhuoarbtu
three day with-111.: d.ste:r,-- Kristel Had.nanan.- '-l1'a'Ib98
Iiiih her n_::yt.h:Lng concerning his contact, '-'Bea_mnd,I<1Aho my
to her by the name of lébaaphl or Hank." He 881l1"1':hlI-l'»'¢1I11II£
was there lain cI.a'berm;r l:a.ve-u::t.erba1nod woe on twice-in his
he does not recall this iith aw aea',h1n'b7. He believes-tut nobert» _
Eainamn Ia": preamt at this time. lush;-also Int tetha Ilaaaaehuaetta
mama» or 1echnn1og'dIm!.ngthe tima mun: emu;-1dge,»aHrm.c11~u1m
there was same-lacusam on azpmimeuta lth regard-to puwpadbing for ail
pith He'raoaJJ.a aoe:Lng'1'.tr. Ud.llCOpf'1»h01'6 and also saw HarbinDautmh. He e1edbaokt0lIe|rIork Gity andnaught aplanabaukto
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lunar, Int lth Strict in In I011: 01117. hob;
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stated that ha unwind a 1at'aar, aa but la could null has
ba:92lthathrlaa1aalatoat-1unaaq>_1n6ana6a- lanan tl.o: al'~
to tho nyahrb Ba'l.pr1nn1¢!:b*h'an banal of hubs puma: than 'u,_;1t;:I.a
possible that he eaatha tan Brianna, 'hivh|' atatar,
hanadag Ont!» otyborhand,-itlayha
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mainly possible, hum expressing .
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Ildlo in notation
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1. Ioohe-etctedthet.heu:pgedinno0ouoemd.st2artyeotivitieeat
u|,ytine'I!d.1einthe11::I.tod8te-tea. hemelofnoother -
eoimtilt mgaged inegdonege or 6ouumEl.et-Plrtyiork while here: in the
BBL. Be M? never talked to 312-. Pedorlanboot hde ooemmist or eepiene.ge
activities, Ind Br. Pele:-ls did not I-not about l'|Ih8'."UOIII.8!i eotivitiee, in
mglaed prior toooniog to the United States-~ He advised -that some people
say have thought that rooheno a domuniet, but on one kuerit __dei'imI.teJ,y.
He ltatedrepeetedlythathelcnewotnoooeihoraeeogegsdin dqaionage
eotiwitdeaio the malted ee at nut; time other than himself and hie contact,"3i?!I1lIl"l1'l-'3" w!-Wu ' '
2. ' Ilhoho stated he Ingeged in no espionage activity iii the United Bteteeemept an above-described in hie dealings uith Imfnondn Harry 0o1d!%_!M
3. ' IhenI'uohevaein£omedtho:tHarrydo1dheding.oatedthatheIae
peaeing the into:-nation obtained teem, mobs to mother-igcrt by the name or
'_'John," Poehe, after reection, lteted that he thotght the matter over
and there tare several pooslhiiiitiee. He hedng adced it he '
could give any intonation Ihioh light in
of lJohn,I that there tee a poeaihility
possibility Iasthat ie eomeetion with by Gold that 0. _
telephone mater had hem left for Fuchs eontaot in Haw A
Iork, -he had no recollection of tla iooident it Iould be a
etrengething inhie lite, anditionldhemmaasltorhimnot to ronauber euoh
an unusual event, hut he could not aheolutelqr reject the poeai'bdJ.ity that
something of the sort might have happened, olthovgh he" has no recollection oi
it. He stated that someone ooeld have been aeadmed to keg: the house or his
sister under eorreulaooe act Christmas, 1944, and in February, 1945, in the
expectation that he light eel]. there, and than he did, call at her home, thew
mlglrt advise Gold he was there, but -he had no intormtion or indication -to
the etfeot that this no eo. Other poeeihi]J.ties that he had in mind would
include Ionetautin Intaaaooe and also hie aietee cook, since they weretrequmtly at his siateorle home,-but he had no reason to eaapeort thm YuHe ldid that the poaII.92Il.J.i.t1 of the 6018112185 Imdell Furl? being Jto In idaxtitioation
lying. Another
involved no not outside the realm or posaihi1ity_ since he believes he met
Furry at hie listen-s hone, but he does not have aw hztonnation indicating
that may tea in omen involved. He roiled to renenber the names or anyof the Irimde or mi-.-en: or brother-$.nnJ..Iw one he no there. He does M
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omoonethuwlldzthavebeonthecentaotandmtiedoldthatheraem
%z1dga. Ho-lilac-sbatcd'hhatIo,aa:lpvesbigabora,ooold.haarina2!ndtha
pcaathilitythat was 2l;.lz1g,.butthat, oicam-co,hoIaanot. He Ibatedthatheccula aha:a;ri.nicrma'bic:;h__;a:;wcu1dina:;rIaa*aaaI.ahin-acbarnizngtodawoldtaafniarldaing _
4. Inch: advised that all or the cqzicnage activities mpged inby "'
him! both in the Ihtod-States, as hecrebotora dcaaribod, and in 3161815-;:T619
tar the quecific purpose at aiding md-hmatitztng the Soviet Union in their
raeearch,:ieva1c1.ment and oanstmcticn ct the aha bomb. Bic contact, lR:qmnd,I'
he considered -be he an intec-me-:H.a:.7 agmt who no passing the information along.
aothat it could reach the Soviet Union, andthei thiewac at ltines Fuchsinbeastiou and d0lL1'6'Ihi.J.o engaged in such activities- X5 U
5» Fizcha abated that rem-7 tow questions rare over seized or him to
imilcateihab the Raadana ranted, and than the questions were asked they were
general, each as tamtehing inromshion concerning the clectmmgnetic precooc,
and these questions Iould not. and did not indicate the pmogreao Ihich the ' '
RueaianshadnadeorteremaH.ng lathe development ofthcatcnboab. other
qucatiopa which were asked ct him, aJ.Ia;re orally, had to do with pea-aonaJ.1tiea
euplcyed at Ice amoa or Haw Iork, and these pea-aonaliti c are anally theoutlbandzlng aoiezrtiahe about than inquiry was bdng m<1e{% [A1
6. He stated in aqalanezhicn or the fact that his name and his brothers '
nanetereonermanaabvaraiveorpolicorecorda, emcee, 1h:che,Ihi1e:LnC-emamr m while ntmdng the ml.vec-alty, was head or a scadaxb corps which
tea anti-1'9-aci.ah and pro-Gomnmict, and this group, including Fncha particularly,
Iao very much disliked by the Nazis, and the situation became critical and it
Iaeneceaaarytorlaimtc gcundargrcnnd- ac ofcouraethc Germnahadhianame as well as Me hrotherm M
'1, Egtl__ Ptmhc Ina naked that-h er Visited
hahingbcn, D.G., tor oapiomga pm-peace, aaclhc abated ind. not. Ha
Iaa asked if he has Ihabher acid ever had tmvaled to Ihabingtcn, 12.0., for
thepurpo aal:i;|ganeep:l.one.gaconhact,aodFaohaagainrq>3iedintho=~=='=~"=~H§u h Amm lac -thenaaked Ihohhearhe m¢the Iaahinghcn Post ziurepaper, and said thathc Ha alao
heneverhadhoardotllraarb abcn,anoditorialI:'itar1'orthc .
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laahington Post. Foch: said-thart the did. inner thaaurqaapor, the Ifaahingtoa
Post, heoaaao while in England, before aiming telaerioa, he bad read iatho
Iashiuzton Post at the political negotiationehotrom hglaadanslthe Unit'eai
States which led to the Bzitidall-ad.on-hdng amt-to America tooaaalst mi
cooperate to a lidted aztcrt-iniheatunie -research iieZI.d.~ He stated that
as tar as he has tho»-Iaehiagtoa Poet than had-a snoop on -thiq stow. - Fuchs
said that his only visits to Iaahington," 0,0,, In-e~ia Deoaxiaex-R1943; than
hoarrivad inthe United Stateaand stopped ovemigbt in Foaling!-om - In-
Jvly, 1944, he traveled to Iadzington and -contacted ir Jamel mama: at the
British Atomia Hiadon, and one ocoaslmrwhile -at Ion Llama -he £13 to
when horas on routabaok toagland. H6 also visited Faahington, 13.0.,
ia Hovmber, 1947, for a. four-day oonfea.-nee-Iith respect to deolaaai.ea_tiun.Washington in an kw bomber. He aloe IE8 in IEBlngli0n,'D.G»', in June, 1946,
B. Inqui.:1waamdeorFuoha"aeto'ahathor-thewonaamronethathe
natwhileinthehitedtateethat hemight suqsect o.fbaLng mgagedin.1 _"-,~ » 'nc3:*'- 3 " :l 11- '1'~ an-'~r ...-1 __ M ,-.--_-..|n,,;r_;P-_~ :1 1; _;"""a_,';_3 "§'_' -_-§ T ' -. : -.-1;. *-.-m1"»:". . ', '<- . --92£-rr'_i' _.r-_' _..;-1. - - . <1.-.: - =- -=~*:.~.a~"';'"" -"43""-4, ' * 3,. J92 _-§h_-. ~ . .- --- - .- .- '1 . _. -.---H-v ',. .
espionage activities, or rim could he 'i.ato:q:raed as a Bo -' -~
at-atedthathawantadto tl:i.nkabou:ttl.oaattor,'andhethoagtrt otit 01'»-
night, and than rqalied that he curiae "action, had heard of nothing Ihich was
said, aadhauotpothingwhiohwaadimo oh-would-have givm riaa
toaa:qp1.cioninl.aniadthatawone seem-ityhuard.
2haouJ,7thi.ngapp:-oaohingitraethat hanetayouag
peraonat Ion Llama whose name he does feeling that 7
this indixidnal was the kind of person This no
purely-intuitive and he saw this person d to
himself that he daoald attempt to keg!
deeeriptiea of this individual ezmmt
Fuchs believed him to be l.}'B1U;i,
created this aitive teeling that
Ho advieodthat in hiaomcaae, thoohly likelihoeiot detection
that he could no would be for someone to analyze his mmaiet activities
with his previous hietonr. Thqueuld find that he I88 acting eoaplertely out
or character-tith his previous hietoay. E this he meant that ho Iasan
active anti.-Faaciat and Gouauulat in Oat. He also I-as mgagod in Goammclot
activities, including giving aaalstanaa in the tranalniaaion oi paqphlata hum
Scotland to G-e:naa:q,"'amd 11:13.0 in the-=It!.ted states he engaged in no aotivities
of this sort Ihich placed. tin out at olnraetar. Ihia he Iolt, ran his moatwlnorahle poiatwhilohare, andaclnae maymuiaawzouaamaepmtmgtout of oharaoterg! U92
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hmhene fths q:l.ni.ent-hZat'theuu1 eke:-eetypei
intellectual Iuu3.dnet_~,ngage in eepieaege-ut11:lt1ee,:
pa-eon to leek tor, iwhie opclnlen, Ieuld be one-who
the stereotyped intellectual, and 1:h.'|.e"I'o'n1dbe the " . ' V '~*~=-.~'i :2. ,_ -4-'--l~- 4.";:'..'. . "' " "'.= -1 ", .-=~ Ii. _ - =_ -,.'~.,~..'.-.-_ -- - e 7 -.W-e=:*~~-- ~ - = --"e=. ,_ - ._____.;92 . . :~92 -_:=§"-92,___> 1;? U. -4 .32:_ /I, _.._ ,__ . . H». Q.:>__:£<:;__'g.,'_-M
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He It-iteri poe-1.101; mu he imw-or-no other1n£'o%.en of my
type or nd which he believed to be er aw ud.atenee-that-;eeerer,_1n enn-
necmuththe dnnrelnpunt at tntarmscmiecaeezning eapiemge or security
haausie ea 1'ar_ae-the mam States -was-eeaeemed, _-and that -he had nude 0.
' an disclosure, and "he-believed. that ere:-,rlah:;zg he -knew he Ind satay and
bin, in acme uuaJ.1.wa;|r, to-aalne reeupmee.that he was glad to be or the usbmce hefb2$b'em1:ecau'ec».-.t pm-mitten
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i1. Two roll: of movie See page 5!. Enc1c-was to criairel only-! fg! Mi
2- hue photographs of Hen-y'Go1d identied in Fuch.s_'___!;a-zxdwriting Seegage 5?. B9[/[K ~ _ . .. .
3- Hagetz-om's nape or Manhattan, Brooklyn and Queens examined by Fuchs in
. locating meeting places with Gold See pages 1.1 -ll; and 15. Mapsas enclosures with original of resort o:,y!.@->92i +.
1+. Sketch of A-Bomb drawn by Fuchs on May 31, 1950 and believed by him
to besimiJ.ar to the sketch which he passed to d at Santa Fe,New-I-Ieaclco 111 June 191.5 mes 21. and szmg an
5. A signed form on which is listed a number or reports prepred by
Fuchs. mm lled out this form in his own handwriting indicating
whether he passed the document or any copy of it or excerpt from it
to e Soviet espionage agent. Any affirmative answer is followed by
an indication of the place where it was delivered by Fuchs to the o
espionage agent and then followed by Fuchs eutographic initials.
Of course, those documents delivered outside the USA were not A
"- delivered to C-old Raymond!, but he intended to signify that the. document or excerpt ms passed by him to e Soviet espionage agent. Q
6, A 10-page signed statement of Fuchs admitting his various espionageactivities and including technical classified dete.£%/ /L
7. A 7-page signed stetenn t of Fuchs eimilsr,_.tp_./the above, but omittingclassified mw. U "
8. Photograph of Fuchs at the age 16 or 1? years and another photo rs hat the age of about 20 years furnished by British Security H!
9. Photogre of Fuch taken in l9L3E£urnished by British SecuritySe:-v'icei®[Uj '
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I, Enil Julius Klaus Fuchs, a prisoner in Wormwood Scrubs, s .
penal institution in London, England, do hereby make this statement,
freely and voluntarily, with no promises or threats having been made
to me, and I have been specifically inform hat I do not have to-make B113 statement oi 6115' kind whatsoever{&§U .
This statement is made to Hugh H. Clegg, who has been identied
to me as an Assistant Director, and to Robert J. Lemphere, who has been
identified to me as s Special Agent, both being identified as officers
of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, United States Department of
Justice of Washington, District oi Colwnbis, U.S.A. I this
d"ILl1 statement in the presence oi the two aforesaid officersigg I1 am
James Sksrdon, whom I ow e officer of the Securi y Serviceof the United Kingdom Lie! -_
I was born in Russelsheim, Germany, on December 29, 191.1, end became
. s naturalized citizen of the United Kingdom on August 7, 19142. I cameg to England arriving on September 21,, l933~ In Ha3r..,___. J.9l4J., I accepted
employment at the University of Birmingham inihgiand as e scientist on
atoms energy research development. When I learned of the purpose of -
this research work, I decided and planned to furnish information con-
, cerning this work to and for the benefit of the Union of Soviet Socialia
Republics, hersirlsfter referred to as the Soviet Union, and, in order to
in England, whom I knew to be active in comumnistic s.ffs.iz-s. iavorable I-"""
- to the Soviet Union. I made known to him my availability and readiness to
furnish confidential and classified information and my occupational
affiliation which gave me access to such types of information relating
to atomic energysresearch. The person so contacted arranged for me to
,1 meet another indiidual, also in 1-hgland, whom I lster personally met in
' 191,2. Omens occasion in 191,2 I met this latter individual, known to meas Alexander, at the Soviet Embassy in London, England. During my meetings
- with Alexander, I furnished to him in 191,2 information including written
date concerning atomic energy research which I knew to be classified and
confidential, and for the purpose of such infomstion being furnished to
the So Unizqnvgnm aid in p omo ing atomic energy research and
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effectuate this plan, in early l.9L;2 I personally contacted an individual _QA~_9
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development in and for the Soviet Union. Through and at the instigation
of Alexander, I established personal contact with a woman urhose name Ido not know and whom I met near Bsnbury in Oxfordshire, England, sometime
in 191.2. I delivered confidential and restricted information to this
women, for the continued benefit of the Soviet Union, from 1942 until
near the end of 191,3. My atomic one research employment male under theauspices oi the British Gove1nment % u
When I learned in 191,3 that I was being officially assigned to go to
the United States as a part of an official British Mission to work with
the Manhattan Engineer District on atomic energy research development, I
informed my contact, the aforesaid woman, of this assignment and she sub-
sequently infomed me how to make contact in the United States with an
individual for the purpose of continuing my activities of iurnish.ing, for
the benefit oi the Soviet Union, additional confidential information
relative to atomic energy research in the United States. Her instructions
were to the e.ffect_that I should on a certain day at e specified place inNew York City, Nerflork, U. S. A., meet an individual who would be wearinggloves and would have an additional pair of gloves in his hands, while Iwould have a. ball in my own hand. This meeting was, according to her in-structions, to be made on a street in New York ity at a stated time. Ii_the meeting was not effected initially as ed,_=,s,fu1 ther meeting wouldbe attempted at a designated later date _ '
In keeping with instructions, I proceeded by ship to the UnitedStates with other members of the official Mission from England, arrivingat Newport News, Virginia, on December 3, l9l+3. ¥iithin.three or four daysI arrived in New York City, taking up residence first at the Taft Hotel,
later at the Bax-bison Plaza Hotel, and later at an apartment at 3.28 West77th Street. I took up employmaat as a scientific consultant as e partof the British Mission, assigned to the Manhattan Ehgineer District, andengaged in research developnent and activities reletirg to atomic ener'gy f3;_! M
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As agreed upon during the meeting with the eforernentioned woman inEngland, Iawent to the designated meeting place on the lower East Side,1
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F»-Zni Manhattan, New York Gity, New York, where, to the best of our recollection, H' around Christmas 1916, I met an individual at the time and on the day _previously agreed upon. He was wearing gloves and carried an edditimaelpair of gloves in his hand and I bed a tennis ball in my hand. ==-Vie ea:-
changed designated identification words and I gave my correct none end ;he used the name oi Raymond in making initial introductions. Raymond
expressed his pleasure at being chosen ifor such an important assignment.He exggested to me to make certain, in keeping future meeting assignments,
that I was not being followed. During this or the next succeeding meet- Ving with Raymond, atomic energy and the development of en at e bomb Awere discussed by referring to these toms in a general 1
I was motivated in keeping this meeting by a desire to aid the A _ ____Soviet Union. I considered Raymond's status es an agent intermediary, """
acting for and in behalf of the Soviet Union in ke ing with the plans .aforementioned, which were initiated in Eglmd- fm+2_ - ~ =1»;- .4 :--g;At and during" this first meeting with Pmymond in New York Cit we '_ '=I~_3JY , .agreed upon an early subsequent meeting and the time and place for suchmeeting, in order that I could furnish to Reyznond highly confidential
. and classified documents or information concerning atomic energy research _- if--Tand development under the control of the Manhattan Engineer Distri.ct. @ Lb ~ _ ,,_ ___w--1; ,| _ - __-_._.,4 1.; _ -_ .._...,':
A subsequent meeting between Raymond and myself, in keeping with . T;arrangements, was held in Lianhattan, New York Pity, in the vicinity of
the Queensboro Bridge approach es we walked under this bridge during this I?
meeting, which was held after dark. This meeting occurred during theearly part of 19-new A g
On another occasion during the first half oi 191,1 I met Raymond, ., . .by prearranged agreement between us, on the street near a subway station, - »
- possibly the "Museum" station on Central Park West in New York Cit " ;;;.:s,
Raymond usually exggested the meeting places, but I believe I suggested Tthis me place because it was near my place of residence on 77th _ ,Streetnrf U _. _ HIA ,.,,.,,.=u
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Another time, by prearranged agreenmt, in l9hh I met Raymond inthe Bromc, New York city. This meeting was near e cinema, I believe, /
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' on Grand oncourse in the vicinity of 159th Street or lblet Streetng H '
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I believe I recall enother_pe'rsona1'cont_a.ct between Raymond andmyself in Queens, New York city, in l9iJ+- $3 M v
There were held about five or sixmeetings between Raymond and
myself in New York City during the period from sometime shortly rafter
my errival there in December, 1913, to sometime pidor to my departure L
in August, 191:1» from New York City'1or Lee Llamas, New co, forofficial assignment on the atomic energy project thereg U
There use one other errenganent for my meeting with Raymond in 191,1; .
' in Brooklyn, New York, on e street location near some large buildings and
where there was heavy traffic. This designated place may be on Eastern
Parkway, but the me ting did not occur as I failed to see Raymond, al-though I was there; M t
At all the meetings between myself and Raymond no other person ac-
companied me and I observed no one who seemed to know Raymond. Host of
these meet s between Raymond and nqreelf were arranged by us to occurafter derki-nix! U -m-"z ,
Upon my official assignment with members of the British Mission, on work
under the overall control of the Manhattan Engineer District in New York,
I, with other scientists, was ergeged in e. study of the principle of
gaseous diffusion related to the development of the production of materialsto be used in a proposed detonation of fissioneble material. bk
I, with other scientists, prepared certain high!; confidential and
* classified documents relating to our official assignment and referred to
as the MSN Serips oi docmnmts. There wee a total of approximately nine- ,teen such HSN %cuments prepared prior to mr departure for Los Alemos, ti
~ New Mexico, in ugust,-19b1,. I personally prepared about thirtem of these
docmnentie. In the process of the preparation ofthoee USN documents written ~
" by me, "I would first prepare s draft, then on some occasions they would be p- E sent to cw immediate superior for reading, then, in turn, would be routed for duplication. Inlnoet instances, however, I would route the draft, which 1*
e /:1»,/r..¢»;
_h_'i§EQRE"r L' prepared, directly for duplication. In all instances, when I prepared _
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dnfv 1-,; "" mdthe 0 inaldraftiordbe retumed the draft _ _ . rigto me. ~I:I=ou5Ld.-number Each of the duplicated copieslfor control and low -/';_"§
security purposes, due to the highly confidmtial character of the con
tents. I would personally retain the original draft, which most of the
time I had prepared in longhand, and I personally fimniehed all of the
drafts of our can composition directly to the individual known: to me as
Raymond, with the intent and purpose that he serve as an intermediary in
the eventual transmittal of such secret documents to and for the benefit
of the Soviet Union. These documents were at times folded and at other
times in peck/age form and were delivered personally by me in groups of one
or more at most of the aforementioned prearranged meetings, after the
initial contact ing which I had covertly with Raymond in New York City
during 19z.i. M .
.l_lso during nryrmeetings with Raymond, as above mentioned, in New York
City between December, l9!+3, and August, 191+-I'+, I flllihd 5° R8!11°!1d $011-
fidential, classified official infomation, which had come to my knowledge
by virtue of my official employment on work under the overall control of
the Manhattan Engineer District, as follows: Oral information that there
was to be built somewhere in the Southeastern part of the United States
s large production plant or establishment to be engaged in the production
of fissionable material, utilizing the gaseous diffusion process and the
electro-magnetic process in such production; oral infomation as to officers
and identities of leedirg research personnel as lnidh to me at the gaseous
diffusion research establishments under the Manhattan Engineer District in
New York; information in writing, from time to time during these meetings
between myself and Raymond, concerning the overall and general effort and
activities alreachr made and then being made, as this knowledge became known
to me in connection with my own work, relative to the production of fissionable
material and its potential use as an explosive in the war effort; general in-
formation in writing about the membranes and their cmposition, and, although
I did not know the technical dot ls, the general information has official,confidential and olassifiedf/X7 M __ -
IIn keeping n official instructions received by me, I was transferred
to Les Alsnos, N ilencico, where I arrived on or about August 11¢, 191:2», for '
work on thé atomic energy project there under the control and overall super-
vision of the Manhattan Engineer District. At Les Alamos, I was provided a
place of residence on the United States Government restricted area in a '
dormitoxy and took up employment as a plweicist in the Theoretical Division
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of the Laboratory. By virtue of my work, nw assooiationsin connection
with our Iork and the availability of confidential and classified official
documents, I developed, received and had access to confidential, classi-
fied information of an official character. My work ehile in Los glance
was concerned with a certain highly classied aspect oi the method of
detonation, various implosion designs, the theory oi t-he jets in connection
with implosion, and similar confidential work "as an eeqaert physicist. I
retained in such employment at Los Alamos until about June 16, l9I+6. Du.1_ing
this period of official employment I made a visit to the home of my sister,
Hrs. Kristel Heineman, and her husband,-Robert Heineman, on Lakeview Avenue,
' Cambridge, Massachusetts. I arrived at my sister's hcune on or about February
13, 191,5, and remained there on a visit until about February Z2, 1916- While
there, and shortly after nnr arrival, I was visited by the aforementioned in-
dividusl known to me as Raymond. Raymond met me in ngr sister's residence
and there was s brief visit. He asked for additional up-to-date infomstion
and I told him I would prepare in writing details of bomb construction and
other technical details of this research work. I knew from my previous con-
versations with Raymond that he was not qualified to understand most or thetechnical _in§q1'1ns_.ti0l1 , so I agreed to prepare a written'§taterFent EontaJ.n1ng' *" l such informs ion. Within a few days thereafter, by
presrrangemeent and agreement made at the home of my sister as totime and
place of meeting, I did meet Raymond in Boston, Massachusetts, st s place
fairly near the Charles River and near a large public,-type of tmilding,
reasonably close to whet is known as North Station. There and then I
delivered to the individual Raymond a written statement, which I had prepared
in longhand and consisting of about six or more pages, in which I had set
forth confidential and classified information and data dealing with the
whole problem oi making an atomic bomb from fissionable material as I thm
knew the problem and the agreed upon, as well as prospective, plane as then
known to me. There was in this same document, written by me and delivered
hr me to Raymond, information as to the principle of the method of detonation
of an atomic bomb; some information known to me as to the type of core; the
principle of the lens systan, whiohhad not yet at that time finally been
adopted; the site fas to outer dimension of the high explosive component;
the possibility onak.ing a plutonium bomb; most of the iniormation which
was then knoim as to implosion;_ the fact that o, high explosive as e type
of compression was considered, but not entirely decided on; the difficulties
of multiple point detonation as this was a problem on which I was '|rorki.ng;13:1!-
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the highly spontaneous fission -rate of plutonium 21,0; the comparative
critical mass of plutonium as compared with uranium 235; the approximate
amount of plutonium necessary for such e "bomb; the current idees es to
the need for an initiator. I arote this statement in &1glish and in
technical language, which, Ibelieved, could be understood by advancedwysiciste 1!&et Union, for whose use and purpose I prepared
sthis paper '
During this covert meeting between Raynond and myself in Boston in
Febmszy, l9l+5, we made an agreement and arrangements for s. meeting betweenus to be had in June, 191,5 at Santa Fe, New lle:<ico.% 2 U
I returned to my work at I-oe Alamoe, New ilexieo, ving there on
or about February 25, 191,5. In keeping with the aforementioned agreement
and plan made in Boston, I -met B-symond in 5ante Fe, New llexico,'in June,
l9I+5. This was e short time before the Trinity explosion test. Raymond 92
indicated that, due to his other employment, he had difficulty in finding p
an opportunity to come to Santa Fe. he met, as per arrangements, on Alameda
Street where it lies alongside the river. Adjacent to this street is s. 92number of trees and benches. I went for the car I was using, picked up i
Raymond and we drove across the river bridge, -turned into a laneuhich ¬HdGd92
at s. gate in an isolated place, and there we continued our meeting. I f
delivered to Raymond confidential and classified written information in e 92~
paper or document, rrhich I had personally written in longhand. Included *
in this written paper were the following itmns of confidential, classified L
in.formstion= A Qnddudescription of the plutonium bomb, nhich had been
bomb and its components with important dimensions indicated; the type of 1
core; a description of the initiator; details as to the temper;[I13t{ calcul -
tions; and the method of calculating efficiency. I orally informed Ramon _
while we were in the car at the time end place indicated, the names of the
types of explosives to be used in the bomb; the fact that the Trinity test
eccplosion was to be made, with the approximate site indicated, soon in July,
19b5, and that this test was expected to establish that the atom bomb would
produce an explosion vastly greater than INT and the comparative estimated
force of this explosion was indicated in detail with relation to TNT. All of
the information givm and delivered by me to the individual mm to me asRaymond, es abovefet forth, both orally and in writing and in the fem of 9,
sketch, fee known by me to be highly confidential and classified and pore
tained to the principle, production, calculated effectiveness, testingdesigned and was soon planned to be tested at Alamogordo; a sketch of the {g
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and the development of an atom bomb. As I knew that the United States
of America and the United Kingdom were allies and both at war with a common
anew atthe time, I recognized and knew that the information, sketch,
writings and docusents delivered by me personally to the individual known
as Raymond related to the national defense and the war effort. ,,_In the
preparation of some of the written material, in addition to my knowledge
and recollection, I referred to official files and documents of a
restricted, classified type in the records of the atomic energy project
at Los Alsmos. This was done certainly in the preparation of the written
information delivered by me to Raymond with reference to the special
method of detonation, h ; the.IE£ calculations and theresults of efficiency calculations{ nu _
At this meeting in June, l9|'+5» ween Raymond and myself at Santa Fe,
we planned and agreed upon a further meeting to be held in Santa Fe, New
Mexico, in, I believe, September, 191,5. In keeping with these plans, I metthe same inlqjdual Raymond again in September, 1915 at Santa Fe, Newmexiss. § -
1*-n route by automobile to Santa Fe for this planned meeting with Raymond,
I stopped somewhere on the way in the desert, drove off the highway to s =
solitary place, and wrote s. part of the written paper or document whichl
planned to deliver to Raymond and which contsinedwhighly confidential, of-
ficial and classified information relating to national defense, to the
preparation of improved weapons of warfare and secret processes relating to
the production and efficiency of such weapons. The said written paper or
document, which I prepared in longhand, contained confidential, teclmical,
classified information es follows: The results of the Trinity test or
Alamogordo atom bomb test explosion; technical work on the initiator; in-
formation as to the preassembled core; a special phase of plutonium, and
the uses of a special secret alloying constituent. All of this written
information I gave to the individual known to me as Raymond, in keeping with
prearranged plan and with the intention that Raymond would act as an agent
in the trsnanitts. of all such information and data to and for the use and
advantage of the*"8oviet Union in the research, development and constructionof an stoinic weapon in, by and for the advantage of the Soviet Union- "Xv
I have been shown by Assistant Director Hugh H. Clegg and Special Ag t
Robert J . Lamphere photographs of an individual which these officers of the
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Federal Bureau of Investigation have iriformed me were the photographsof an individual by the name of Harry Gold and I have seen these photo-
graphs and positively identified them as the photographs of the afore-mentioned person known to me as Raymond. I was also shoun a projection.of a moving picture film by these some officers of the Federal Bureau ofInvestigation ehich I have positively identified as the moving apictureprojection of the aforementioned individual I-moan to me as Raymond, andthese some officers have informed "me that these were the projected moving
pictures of one Harry Gold. These pictures or photographs were of a
person identical with my contact agent of the Soviet Union in the UnitedStates of America.[§Q M
I received suggestions from Raymond during the aforesaid meeting hehad with me in 5anta Fe, New illexico, that, since I was to return reasonablysoon to England to continue my atomic research and scientific activities
with reference to atomic energy there, I should arrange to meet a certain 'individual on a given date and at a specified time in the vicinity ofiiomington Crescent, London, England, for the purpose of continuing tofurnish, through_this individual as an agent of the Soviet Union, additionalconfidential, classified information, in order that such infomation mightin the future, following cw return to England, be transmitted to and forthe advantage of the tioviet Union. Due to information which I received
through public printed sources relative to alleged Soviet espionage ac-tivities in Canada, I decided not to mn the risk of making the contact
which had -been suggested to me by Raymond prior ~to- cw departure from the
United iitates, but, on my own initiative, t out other contacts. . . Bwhich might be used for a similar mmoeefgu
I returned to Fngiend in the summer of 191,6 and took up employmentin the atomic researchestablishment at Harwell, England. After my return toEngland, I was again in contact with persons whose real identities I donot know, but whom I contacted with the intent of furnishing to the SovietUnion information concerning atomic research developnemts. To these per-sons I furnished additional information concerning atomic research whichhad come into aw possession, "both in the United--'$tates and England, in-clud:I.ng[in1om1a92 3ting to certain research being made on the problemof detonating a n bomb. Hy last contact in this respect was in
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ten single-spaced, typewritten pages and I do hereby state that all theabove info tion is true and correct to the best of nu knowledge andbe11er.'a . '
. igigned this the goth clay of Hay, 195-ihljwbt
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Witnesses: //,
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I, Eni1 JuJ.ius Klaus Fuchs, a prisoner in Wormwood Scrubs, e
penal institution in London, England, do hereby make this statement,
freely and voluntarily, with no promises or threats having been made
to me, and I have been specifically informed that I do not have tomake saw statement of any kind whatsoev/er@> M
This statement is made to Hugh H. Clegg, who has been identified
to me as an Assistant Director, and to Robert J. Lamphere, who has been
identified to me as a Special Agmt, both being identified as officers
of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, United States Department of
Justice of Washington, District of Columbia, U.S.A. I ins, this
statement in the -presence oi the two _a.1'oresaid officer and William
James Skardon, whom ow o be officer of the Sec Serviceof the United Kingdom. X Lbij
I was born in Russelsheim, Germany, on December 29, 1911., and became
s naturalized citizen of the United Kingdom on August '7, 191,2. I cane l
to England on September 21+, 1933. In May, 19143., I accepted
employment at the University of Birmirghem in England as s scientist on
this research work, I decided and planned to furnish information con-
: coming this work to and for the benefit of the Union of Soviet SocialistI Republics, hereinafter referred to as the Soviet Union, and, in order to 92
effectuate this plan, in early 191,2 I personally contacted an individ 1 bl Lwito the Soviet Union. I made lcnom to him my availability and reedines
to furnish confidential and classified information and my occupational' affiliation wléip gave me access to such types of information relating
to atomic ens "research. The person so contacted arranged for me to
meet another individual, also in England, whom I later personally not in .5l9h2. km one occasion in 191,2 I met this latter individual, R:o@to me +
aspilexender, at the Soviet Embassy in London, England. During myiaieetings 1,with Alexander, I furnished to him in 1914.2 information including written l
date. concerning atomic energy research which I knew to be classified and
confidential, and for the purpose of such infomstiom being furnished to
the Soviet Union as an aid in promoting atomic energy research and
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development in -and for the Soviet Union. Through and at the instigation
of Alexander, I established personal contact with a Icman those name Ido not lmon and whom I met near Bsnhury in Oxfordshire, England, sometime
in 191,2. I delivered confidential and restricted information to this
woman, for the continued _benefit of the Soviet Union, from 191,2 until _%
near the end of l91+3-_ HY otdnio ens research mployment was under theauspices of the British Government{ %
- When I learned in 191,3 that I was being officially assigned to go to
the United States as a part of an official British llission to work with
the Manhattan Eagineer District on atomic energy research development, I
infonned my contact, the aforesaid woman, of this assignment and she snb-
sequently informed me how to" make contact in the United States with an
individual for the purpose of continuing new activities of furnishing, for
the benefit of the Soviet Union, additional confidential information
relative to atomic energy research in the United States. Her instructionswere to the effect that I should on a certain day at a specified place inNew York City, New York, U.S.A., meet an individual who would be wearinggloves and would have an additional pair of gloves in his hands, while Iwould have a ball in aw om hand. This meeting was, according to her in-
structions, to be made on e street in New York City at a stated time. Ifthe meeting was not effected initially as plannedma further meeting wouldbe attempted at a designated later dete. !
In keeping with instructions, I proceeded by ship to the UnitedStates with other members of the official Mission from England, arrivingat Newport News, Virginia, on December 3, 19143. Within three or four daysI arrived :l.n New York City, taking up residence first at the Taft Hotel,
later at the Ber-bison Plaza Hotel, and later at an apartment at 128 West
77th Street. I took up employment as a scientific consultant as a pertof the British Mission, assigned to the Manhattan Engineer District, snd engaged in research development and activities relating to atomic energy -
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As agreed u;i_6n during, the meeting with the aforementioned woman inEmgland, went to the designated meeting place on the lower East Side,
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Manhattan, New York City, New York, where, to the best of my recollection,around Christmas 191.3; I met an individual at the time and on the day
previously agreed upon. He was wearing gloves and carried an additionalpair of gloves in his hand and I had a tennis ball in my hand. We eac-
changed designated identification words and I gave my correct name andhe used the name of Raymond in making initial introductions. Raymondexpressed his pleasure at being chosen for such an important assignment. 'He suggested to me to make certain, in keeping future meeting assignments,that I was not being followed. During this or the next succeeding meet-
ing with Raymond, atomic mergy and the develogxnent of an atomic bombwere discussed by referring to these terms in a general way.[§K! J
I was motivated in keeping this meeting by a desire to aid theSoviet Union. I considered Raymond's status as an agent intermediary, .acting for and in behalf of the Soviet Union in ke with the plansaforementioned, which were initiated in hglmdfiji
At and during this first meeting with Raymond in New York City, we
agreed upon an early subsequent meeting and the time and place for suchmeeting, in order that I could furnish to Raymond highly confidential
and classified documents or information concerning, atomic energy researchand development under the control of the llanhatta'1'iwIh'1gineer District,&- /{
A subsequent meeting between Raymond and myself, in keeping with
arrangements, was held in Manhattan, New York City, in the vicinity of -the Qrueansboro Bridge approach as we walked under this bridge d1.u'ing thismeeting, which was he d after dark. This meetirg occurred during theearly part of 191.1. £Q];L
On another occasion during the first half» of 19141,, I metRa,ymond,by prearranged agresnent between us, on the street near a subway station,possibly the "Museum" station on Central Park West in New York City.
Raymond usually fuggested the meeting places, but I believe I suggestedthis me place because it was near my place of residence on 77thStreet{§5 [L
Another time, by prearranged agreement, in 191,1; I met Raymond inthe Bronx, New York City. This meeting was near a cinema, I believe,
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I believe I recall another personal con act between Raymond andW861: in Q,uee'ns,- New York City, in lezlfzgl UL
There were held about five or six meetings between Raymond and
nnrself in New York City during the period from sanetime shortly after
my arrival there in December, 191,3, to sometime prior to my departure
in August, 19%, from New York Gity for Los Alamos, New Lie:/.:'Lco, forofficial assignment on the atomic energy project therew
~ There was one other arrangement for my meeting with Raymond in 1911.14
in Brooklyn, New York, on e street location near some large buildings and
where there was heavy traffic. This designated place may be on Eastern
Parkway, but the meeting did not occur as I failed to see Raymond, al-though I was there. ® ~
At all the meetings between nqrself and Raymond no other person sc-
companied me and I observed no one who seemed to know Raymond. Host of
these meetings between Raymond and myself were arranged by us to occurafter dsrl-c. ~K/>lA .-,-,,__e_.,{,- D
Upon my official assignment with members of the British Mission, under
the overall control of the Manhattan Engineer District in New York, I, with
other scientists, was engaged in research in connection with the development
of certain methods for the production of fissionable material. In con-
nection with this, I prepared certain classified documents as part of the
British Mission prior to my departure for Los Alamos, New liecxico, in August,
191$. I personally furnished all of the original drafts of these documents
directly to Ragmond, with the intent and purpose that he serve as an
intermediary in the eventual transmittal of such documents to and for the
benefit of the Soviet Union. These documents were" delivered to Raymond by
me in groups of onqv or more at most of the aforementioned prearranged meet-ings, which,-I had with Raymond in New York City during 1.9hA. %>
In addition to the foregoing during nnr meetings with Raymond, as #5/,,,...,£.r/¬ I
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above mentioned, I furnished to Raymond information iuhich had come
to my knowledge 17 virtue of my official mployment and work under the
overall control or the llanhetten Engineer District. This intormation,
which I nu-nished to Raymond, included the fact that a large reductionplant was to be built in the $outhes.stern part of the United gtates
for the production of fiesionable materiel, and that this plant was
to use taro differezat processes, which I named, in the production offissiouable material. I also orally advised eymond of the identit sof certain leading research personnel on atomic energy proJects%3 M
In keeping with official instructions received by me, I was trans- .
ferred to Les Alamos, New Mexico, where I arrived on or about August
14, 191,4, for work on the atomic energy project there under the control and
overall supervision of the llanhatten Engineer District. At Les Alamos I
was provided a place oi residence on the United States Government restricted
area in a dormitory and took up employment as a physicist in the Theoretical
Division of the Laboratory. By virtue of my work, my associations in con-
nection uith my work and the availability of confidential and classifiedofficial documents, I developed, received and had access to condential,
classified information of an official character. I remained in such
employment at Les Alamos until about June 16, 191,6. During this period
of official employment I made a visit to the home of my sister, Hrs.
Kristel Heinemen, and her husband, Robert Heineman, on Lakeview Avenue,
Cambridge, Massachusetts. I arrived at my eistéi~*"4§ home on or aboutFebruary $35, and remained there on a visit until about February
22, 1945.
Shortly after my arrival in Uambridge I was visited kg Raymond, who
asked me for additional infomation concerning my work at the AtomicResearch Project at Lee Alsmos. I told him I would prepare in writing
this material and made arrangments to meet him a..f-en days later in Boston.
the agreed upon time -L did meet Raymond in Boston, llassaohusetts, ata place fairly near the Charles River and near a large public-type of
building, reasonably close to what is known as North Station. I there ' >delivered to Beyond a written report, which I had prepared in longhand 6%}
_ _/consistin,g oi about six or more pages, -in -which I had set forth confidential 1'
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and classified information and data which I had received in connection
Iith my employment at Los Aimee. This dealt with the whole problem of
making an atomic bomb from fissionable material as I then knew the problem. .
This document included information lcnom to me regarding the method of
detonating an atomic bomb and other ldghly secret and technical information
regarding the construction of an atomic bomb. I wrote this statement in
my onn handwriting and in English, and I intended that itshould be
delivered by Raymond through channels so as to reach physicists in the ,Soviet Union who would understand the technical language of the report{% 5 M
I again met Raymond in Santa Fe, New Mexico, in June oi 1916, the
arrangements for this meeting having been made at the Boston meeting, men-
tioned above. We met on Alameda Street, and I then got my car and we drove _
out a lane to a deserted spot where we continued our meeting. At this meeting
I delivered to Raymond a written report, which I had personally prepared
in longhand. This included a description of an atomic bomb, which was to
be tested at Alamogordo, a sketch of the bomb and its components with im-
portant dimensions indicated, and a written description of -thegrarious
important technical aspects of the bomb. I orally informed Rayrhond,
while we were in the car, the types of explosive to be used in the detonating
of the bomb, the fact that the 1rinity test was to be made, with the approxi-
mate site indicated, and information as to the intensity of the explosionmeasured in relation to TNT explosive force-6%s!U
By prearrangement I again met Raymond in ante. Fe a few months later,
I believe possibly in September. At this meeting I delivered to Raymond
another written report, which detailed information concerning the Trinity
test, which had been held at Alamogordo. I also imished in the report
certain other technical information which I had obtained from unr work on -
the Atomic Research Project at Los Alamos. I fully intended in transmitting
this report to ond that he should,in turn, transmit it so as to reach theSoviet Umm{ LL . A
I returned st England in the summer o1|19-£6 and took up employment at
the Atomic Research Project at Harwell, England. After nw return: to England,
I was again in contact with personswhose real identities I do not know, I
but whom I contacted with the intent of furnishing to the Soviet Union in-
formation concerning atomic research developments. To these persons I
furnished additional in.iormation concerning atomic research, which I had
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come 1=.*p°'ase.¢;m oi, bothiihthe United States and Eglmd; gcludingce'1*tai:i'reaoarch being made on the problem of detonating a_ bomb.My last contact in this respect. was inl February of l9l+9
I have examined photographs shown to me by Assistant Director Hugh
H. Clegg and Special Agmt Robert J. Lamphere, both of the Federal Bureau
of Investigation, and I have identified two of the photographs as the 111-
dividqal I knew under the name of Raymond. I have indicated my identifica- -
tion by sig ' RV ame and the date on the reverse sides of these tuophotog raphe:uF_§ A.
I have personally and oax-efuJ.1y read this steteanent consisting of
seven single-spaced, typewritten pages and I do hereby state that all the 'above fo ion is true and correct to the best of my knowledge endbe1m&»,;"j ;92, r
Signed this the 26th dag of May, 195o j A
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List of some of the reports prepared by BEL JULIUS KI.-ABS FUCHS porsonallqr or in '
collaboration nth other aciantiata Ihila working under the over-aJJ. control of ' 7n|1I',_.i I I. 92 ..;92_ I -V' sunk HIE B ,/ I Y9:-zuuood Scrubs Prison__m,, y .- __ _* 92 s 7 L_1_-mndon, England
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bbzt llachine" by K. iuchs and
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s Opt-imum Pressure and Back Pressure in a ,3 lrh '_ ,Diffusion Plant" by K. Fuchs undated, ' " _ }/fi1eli8-92!
"Cascade of Cascades in the BS Scheme" H
by K. Fuchs and R. Peierls
undated, British tie U3-83.!Cascade of Cascades in the D3 Scheme _' 5§'a '*'c3, Non-Oicthodcx Connections Between ,.ke/- * 7/zz/ é 7
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"Note on the Control of the B1-a.nc.h.ing Ratio
in the 'Re.bbit' and Back Feeding" by K. FuchsA undated, British le us..93.! -
F- Fluctuations-in e'Di.ffuei0!1 Separatioh Plant
1 by K. Fuchs undated, Britieh file IS-64.!92
L-__
*"'Lcaeee in the Rate 01 Production due to
Withdrawal of Cells for llaintenanee" by ~J. Fuchs undated, British 1ile'll3'-17.!
P-Tbluctuatiene and the Efficimcy cf e
Diffusion Plant, Part 3, the Effect of
Fluctuation in the Flow of H-2" by K. Fuchs
4 dated June 6, 1943» ritieh le USN-1.2.!
->'?Fluctuetione and the Efficiency of a
t Diffusion Plant, Part A, the Effect or
Density I-luctuatien" by K. Fuchs undated,
* L§ritieh tile KS8-15.!
, 1-W:-On the Effect of a Time Lag in the
1 Controller of Plant $tability" by K. Fuchs ~
undated, Fritieh file KSN-3.!
Y "Note cm the Effect of Fluctuations on
the Efficiency of a Diifueion Plant" by K. Fuchs undated, Brigieh file IISH-5.!
"Effect of F.Luc.tuations on Plant Efficiency,
92 ?e.rt 2, Fluctuations in the Rate of
Production" by Fuchs undated, British
3; file [SN-1.0.!
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LAMSe Stability of the Babbitt Machine,
1 la/10/L2, B 106
Shock Hydronamice; 10/as/41,, I-A 165
' P hock Attenuation in rods; 7/26/1,1,,
Q Separation of Isotopee; 1;/1.0/42; B L9
Rarefaction Wave from e Plane Free
5 3ur£ace in an Explosion; 3/16/A5
erturbation Theory in Que Group Neut
Pmblwlai 1/3/1+9: Bl -M32
I Penetration ty Jets Prodixced 117 Cavity .
92
llLcheges; 7/M/as, M 328
»r"6b1ique Detonation Waves; mm 37
*= otee on the Expansion or U Sphere »
* Incloeed in a Container; Bl 11,5 A _
"F-ieeaurement of Nuclear Bomb Efficiency
j by Observation of the Ball of Fire at -
1-92_ear1o* wise: -'1/1-°/1+6, E-'1 516 - ;
Ftoa Alaunos Tech Series W01. 7, Part 111, 1jvmape. ll-ll, Blqat Wave; 8/13/L7, I.-A 1.0
I105 Alemos Tech Series Vol. 7, Part I,L~Blast Wave; LA 102.0 '
Los Alamo: Tech Series Vol. 7, Part IV,gm
ttest Wave; LA 1023
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_ T-isotope Separation Complex llulecules92&/1°/1+2, B 39 '
rgnitiator Theory III Jet Formation by the
Lgolliion oi Ito Surfaces; 7/ll/1,5, LA 325
@w<1 Problems; 6/29/ta, '2 73 "
. . omation 01 Jets in Plane Slabs;I C;/2?/1+4, 1-A 195 . _
l Fluctuations in an Diffusion Separation /P
Plant; ll/20/#2, B 105 J4 H5-H
Erma-.¢ Width of Single Membrane; 1../10/1.2,B 1&5 'l.-_.
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Efficiency for Vry Slot Assembly;
B/2/1+5, I-A 596 .-
Effect of Seperetion of Isotopes of
Compbund Molecules; MS 14; A
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492ielocit-ies; 10/30/L5 LA M1
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kisembranesg B--31
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the Critical Radius and Time
Constant; Bl 70
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1"Eritica.1. Radiation and Time Constants
g for Finite Reector 7/21¢,/1,2 B 8192-¢
1 Eompuieon of the Variation Theory and
" H End Point Results for the Tempered
S 92_§PhB1¢55 1/18/1+5, 1-1* 205
Y *"Ii The "T" Division progress reports
_ for 1914+, LAMS 177, 1.}-Ah, contain
I articles apparently bx, Fuchs, Podger,
51 and Stark entitled um Dimensional
< % Problem the rst sentence of which1= 3 reeds - "A-...!reasure exerted by the
i , detonation in Uomp. B on -a steel liner
;- » been calculated for various angles of
f * incidence of the detonation wave."
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