DTIC ADA049450: A Field Manual for Breaking Emulsions in Navy Bilge Collection and Treatment Systems.

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AO'AO«9  ASO  naval  research  lab  WASHXN6T0N  0 C F/«  13/2 

A FIELD  MANUAL  FOR  BRCAKIN«  EMULSIONS  IN  NAVY  BILOE  COLLECTION  — ETC(U) 
DEC  77  R C little*  D TAYLOR 

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A Field  Manual  for  Breaking  Emulaiona  in  Navy 
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A FIELD  flANUAL  FOR  BREAKING  EMULSIONS  IN  NAVY 
BILGE  COLLECTION  AND  TREATMENT  SYSTEMS 


I.  Need  for  Chemical  Demulsifiers 


The  new  waste  oil  raft  (WOR)  with  its  mobile  modular 
oil/water  separation  and  removal  (OWS&R)  subsystem  repre- 
sents A SIGNIFICANT  ADVANCE  IN  THE  HANDLING  AND  TREATMENT 


[ 


OF  OILY  BILGE  WASTE  WATERS.  HOWEVER^  OPERATIONAL  PROBLEMS 
IN  THE  SEPARATION  OF  OIL  AND  WATER  (EMULSION  FORMATION) 

MAY  OCCASIONALLY  BE  EXPERIENCED  ESPECIALLY  WHEN  SURFACE- 
ACTIVE  MATERIALS  (detergents,  SOAPS,  CLEANING  COMPOUNDS, 
ETC.)  ARE  PRESENT  IN  THE  OILY  WASTE.  ThIS  INSTRUCTION 
OUTLINES  THE  PROCEDURE  TO  BE  USED  IN  BREAKING  EMULSIONS  IN 
THE  NEW  WOR  USING  CHEMICAL  DEMULSIFIERS  (SEE  LAST  FIGURE 
FOR  DIAGRAM  OF  DECISION-MAKING  PROCESS  INVOLVED  WITH  THIS 

instruction). 


1.  The  oily  waste  should  first  be  identified  in  order 
TO  determine  whether  or  not  it  is  an  emulsion.  The  following 

CHARACTERISTICS  ARE  TYPICAL: 


Appearance:  fliLKY  white  to  dark  brownish  cream 


Texture:  Watery  to  creamy 

Note : Emulsion  may  have  an  oil  layer  of  variable  thickness 

ABOVE  IT  AND  A SEPARATED  WATER  LAYER  BELOW  IT. 

2.  When  a visible  sheen  develops  from  outflow  of  secon- 
dary WOR  CHAMBER.  EMULSION  MAY  BE  PRESENT  AND  HAS  PROBABLY 
PASSED  FROM  THE  PRIMARY  TO  SECONDARY  CHAMBER  THROUGH  CONNECTING 
PORT  BETWEEN  CHAMBERS  (aPPROX.  7.000  GALLONS  OF  EMULSION  WILL 
BE  IN  PRIMARY  CHAMBER  AT  THIS  POINT) . If  OIL  IS  ON  SURFACE 
REMOVE  WITH  SKIMMER  AND  PUMP  OFF  TO  REVEAL  EMULSION  SURFACE. 

3.  Withdraw  a sample  from  well  below  the  emulsion 

SURFACE  USING  A WEIGHTED  SAMPLE  BOTTLE.  SET  ASIDE  FOR  TWO 
hours  and  observe  any  SIGNS  OF  SEPARATION.  I.E.  A SEPARATING 
OIL  LAYER  and/or  A CLARIFYING  WATER  LAYER.  ThIS  WILL  PROVIDE 
INFORMATION  ON  WHAT'S  HAPPENING  IN  THE  WOR  AND  ALSO  DISTIN- 
GUISH BETWEEN  MECHANICAL  EMULSIONS  AND  CHEMICALLY-STABILIZED 
EMULSIONS. 

4.  Test  for  Emulsion  Type 

The  emulsion  should  next  be  tested  for  type.  A 

SUGGESTED  PROCEDURE  IS  AS  FOLLOWS: 

(a)  Take  two  clear  tubes  or  bottles. 

(b)  Add  clean  water  to  one  tube  and  clean 

(PREFE.RABLY  CLEAR)  FUEL  TO  THE  OTHER. 

(c)  Add  emulsion  to  each  tube  and  stir  very 

GENTLY  (no  NEED  TO  SHAKE). 


3 


4 


(a)  If  the  emulsion  easily  mixes  with  water  but 

DOES  NOT  MIX  WITH  THE  FUEL  (i.E.  THERE  ARE  TWO  LAYERS)  THEN 
THE  EMULSION  IS  OIL-IN-WATER  (0/W) . 

(b)  If  the  EMULSION  EASILY  MIXES  WITH  FUEL  BUT 
DOES  NOT  MIX  WITH  WATER  (TWO  LAYERS)  THEN  THE  EMULSION  IS 
WATER- IN-OIL  (V!/0) . 

If  emulsion  is  water-in-oil  it  should  be  transported  to 
A shore-based  oily  waste  treatment  facility.  If  oil- in- 
water proceed  to  step  5. 


4 


Assuming  the  sample  is  oil-in-water  a salinity 
TEST  should  be  PERFORMED.  A CONDUCTIVITY  SALINITY  METER  IS 
AVAILABLE  FROM  FiSHER  SCIENTIFIC  Co.,  MoDEL  33  (YSI  33)  OR 
FROM  OTHER  SOURCES  AND  IT  READS  PERCENTAGE  OF  SALT  DIRECTLY. 
A FRESH  WATER  EMULSION  WOULD  READ  CLOSE  TO  OZ  AND  A SEA 
WATER  EMULSION  APPROXIMATELY  3%.  ChECK  BOTH  SIDES  OF  THE 
DONUT.  If  the  salinity  of  the  EMULSION  IN  THE  PRIMARY 
CHAMBER  IS  2%  OR  LESS  AND  THE  SALINITY  IN  THE  SECONDARY 
CHAMBER  IS  3Z^  PUMPING  SEA  WATER  FROM  CHAMBER  TWO  TO  CHAM- 
BER ONE  INTO  THE  EMULSION  MAY  BE  SUFFICIENT  TO  BREAK  IT. 

If  the  salinity  in  the  second  chamber  is  low  - 2%  or  less  - 

THE  EMULSION  MIGHT  EITHER  BE  PUMPED  INTO  A SECOND  DONUT 
CONTAINING  FRESH  SEA  WATER  (3Z  SALINITY)  OR  INORGANIC  SALT 
ADDED  TO  THE  DONUT  TO  INCREASE  THE  SALINITY  TO  3Z  (ABOUT 
2000  LB  WILL  BRING  UP  THE  SALINITY  ABOUT  IZ) . MIXING 
ADDITIONAL  SEA  WATER  WITH  THE  EMULSION  SHOULD  BE  THOROUGH 


AND  CO^lPLETE.  AfTER  MIXING,  WITHDRAW  SAMPLES  FROM  BOTH 
SIDES  OF  DONUT  (aT  LEAST  1 FT.  BELOW  SURFACE)  AND  OBSERVE 
SIGNS  OF  SEPARATION  OVER  A 2 HR.  PERIOD  AS  IN  STEP  3. 

If  OIL  SEPARATES  PUMP  TO  OIL  STORAGE  FACILITY.  If  WATER 
LAYER  IS  CLEAR  IRRIGATE  DONUT;  IF  CLOUDY  PROCEED  TO 
STEP  6. 

6.  Chemical  Treatment  Procedure:  The  following 
PROCEDURE  applies: 

Pump  all  separated  oil  from  both  primary  and 

SECONDARY  SIDES  OF  DONUT  IF  ANY  REMAINS  ON  SURFACE. 


(a)  Start  mixing  the  primary  side  of  donut  with 

A 300  GPM  OR  LARGER  PUMP  USING  A HOSE  TO  PUMP  NEAR  THE 
BOTTOM  OF  DONUT  AND  AN  OUTLET  HOSE  AT  THE  SURFACE. 

(b)  Add  1/2  drum  of  demulsifier  to  each  chamber 

OF  DONUT  AT  A RATE  OF  ABOUT  3-5  GPM  WITH  EMULSION  STREAMING 
FROM  THE  MIXING  PUMP, 

(c)  Continue  mixing  60  minutes  after  demulsifier 

HAS  BEEN  ADDED. 

(d)  Withdraw  a sample  from  2 or  3 feet  below  sur- 
face THEN  TURN  OFF  PUMP  AND  ALLOW  EMULSION  TO  STAND  (8- 

20  hours).  If  emulsion  does  not  begin  to  break  within 
2 hours  (observe  sample  bottle)  repeat  steps  a-d^  otherwise 

PROCEED  TO  STEPS  E AND  F. 

(e)  After  overnight  separation  (if  possible) 

REMOVE  OIL  FROM  BOTH  SIDES  OF  DONUT  AND  PUMP  TO  OIL  STORAGE 
FACILITY. 

(f)  If  two  barrels  do  not  break  emulsion  it  should 

BE  PUMPED  OR  TRANSPORTED  TO  OILY  WASTE  TREATMENT  PLANT.  NOTE 
THAT  IN  COLDER  CLIMATES  WHERE  WATER  TEMPERATURE  MAY  BE  AS 
LOW  AS  32°F  A THIRD  BARREL  MAY  BE  REQUIRED. 

7.  Treatment  of  Separated  Water 

If  water  layer  is  clean  (take  sample  with  sample 
bottle)  CAUTIOUSLY  PUMP  SEA  WATER  2'  TO  3'  BELOW  THE  SURFACE 
OF  THE  PRIMARY  CHAMBERy  FIRST  CLOSING  OFF  SEA  WATER  INTAKE 
VALVE  IN  SECONDARY  CHAMBER  AND  OPENING  OUTFLOW  VALVE  TO 
OBSERVATION.  If  SHEEN  DEVELOPS  IN  WELLy  CEASE  PUMPING 
IMMEDIATELY.  ThE  WATER  SHOULD  BE  ADDITIONALLY  TREATED 


"Wh#n  all  all*  laUi,  trtMport  sji*  «aata  to  uto  oily  waau  plant. 


WITH  OTHER  CHEMICAL  AGENTS  OR  MECHANICAL  SEPARATORS 

(parallel  plate  units^  filter  coalescers  etc.)  to 

REMOVE  LAST  TRACES  OF  UNDISSOLVED  OIL.