NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS) 20020083175: Water Purification

Survival, Water, Medical Field Manuals

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Environment 




a ver the past two decades, NASA and 
its contractors have conducted exten- 
sive research on how to assure pure 
water for manned spacecraft crews 
and how to recycle wastewater for reuse on 
future long duration spacecraft. This work 
has given rise to a large number of spinoff 
products and products for cleansing and 

detoxifying water (see also 
pages 55 and 110-113) and 
in some cases inspired the 
formation of new compa- 
nies to commercialize the 
technology. 

Among the latter js 
Sensible Technologies, Inc. 
(STI), Irmo, South 
Carolina, a company 
formed in 1989 to exploit a 
partic u la r N AS A-d eve 1 o ped 
water purification technolo- 
gy known as silver ioniza- 
tion. In this method, devel- 
oped in i he mid-1960s by 
Johnson Space Center, a 
small lightweight generator 
dispensed silver ions in the 
potable water supply of the 
Apollo spacecraft to kill 
ha cteri a i n the wa t e r . 

STI originally 
focused on using the 
technology for cleansing swimming pools, 
but its effectiveness in purifying water and 
eliminating corrosive chemicals led compa- 
ny president Tommy Wood to seek other 
applications, such as industrial cooling 
towers and industrial process coolers. 

Wood recognized that, although 
copper/ silver ionization could successfully 
eliminate algae and bacteria, something 
more was needed to fulfill all the water man- 


agement needs 
of recirculating 
and evaporative 
cooling water 
systems; the 
purification sys- 
tem must also 
be capable of 
eliminating cor- 
rosion, debris 
and scale, the 
plaque-like min- 
eral precipitate that builds up in a water 
system’s plumbing, reduces the system's 
efficiency and elevates maintenance costs. 

STI therefore developed a system 
that employs three distinct technologies. 
The NASA copper/silver ionization process 
is the core technology, to which STI added 
capabilities for centrifugal separation of 
solids from liquids and magnetic field water 
modification. Says STI’s Tommy Wood: 

“Our systems do an excellent job of 
eliminating scale, corrosion, algae, bacteria 
and debris from process water, but there is 
an additional benefit; because of the NASA 
technology we employ, our systems destroy 
waterborne bacteria and viruses, including 
Legio nella p n mi mopk ila , t h e bac te r i u m 
responsible for Legionnaire’s Disease/ 

The STI Cooling Water Manage- 
ment System integrates a pump, the cen- 
trifugal solids separator, the copper/silver 
biocide generator and magnetic field gener- 
ators into a simply installed, easily operable 
equipment package that takes up only six 
sq u a re fe e t of s pac e i n tn os t a p p 1 i c at i o n s 
and totally eliminates the need for water 
treatment chemicals and water bleeding. 

STI manufactures the system in 
three capacities: the ST MOO, ST1-1 100 and 
STI-2200 for evaporative cooling systems of 



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up to 400, 1 , 1 00 and 2,200 
tons respectively. Larger 
systems are custom built 
on request* 

At far left is the STL 
[ 100 unit and in the top left 
photo a closeup of the bio- 
cide generator (the STI-400 
has two pairs of electrodes, 
the STI-J 100 three pairs and 
the ST1-2200 four pairs). 

The copper and silver ions 
produced by the generator 
kill the algae, bacteria and 
vi n i ses i n the wa te r* The 
centrifugal separator 
removes all waterborne 
debris. The magnetic held 
generators remove existing 
scale, bar further scale 
buildup and prevent corro- 
sion* At bottom left is a con- 
t rol pa n e 1 wi th a glc ived hand 
displaying a sample of scale 
removed from an industrial 
cooling water system. 

ST1 systems have 
found a wide range of appli- 
cations, For example, a sys- 
tem is operating on a cool- 
iitg lower at General Motors Truck and Bus 
Engineering Center, Troy, Michigan; above 
right* STI's Jeff Jones is cleaning the pump 
strainer basket of a unit installed at the cen- 
ter* The GM cooling system was completely 
descaled within the first month, corrosion 
was eliminated and the water, once rust col- 
ored and opaque, is now clear* Other exam- 
ples of industrial cooling water installations 
are a system in a process cooling tower at 
AVX Corporation, Myrtle Beach, South 
Carolina* and another in a closed-loop 


process cooling system at Canbraco 
Industries, also at Myrtle Beach. 

Other systems are operating in 
amusement parks, to prevent corrosion and 
cleanse the water of such facilities as bumper 
boat pools and miniature golf ponds; in ice 
manufacture, protecting pure water in 
atmospheric tanks from bacterial infestation; 
and in commercial /residential pools and 
spas* where Lhe systems offer chemical 
savings and labor savings in addition to 
sanitary water* • 


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