Document text
MHI
Copy 3
FM 17-30
WAR DEPARTMENT
ARMORED FORCE
FIELD MANUAL
TANK PLATOON
October 22, 1942
regradedUNCLASSIFIEDby
author of wdmmw.mt
ov /rktiJQy qhJQMA^. fm 17-30
ARMORED FORCE FIELD MANUAL
TANK PLATOON
CHANGES 1 WAR DEPARTMENT,
No. 1 J Washington 25, D. C, 8 July 1944.
FM 17-30, October 22, 1942, is changed as follows :
■ 10. Description.
* * * • •
d.
* * * * *
(3) (Superseded.) (a) Base emission smoke shell M89 is
a blunt-nose projectile with a maximum effective range of 1,600
yards. Its shape makes it difficult to control for deflection and
range. It bounces on firm terrain from 100 to 300 yards from
the point of strike. Each round burns about 3 minutes. A
platoon can screen a 400-yard frontage of average terrain within
the effective range of the shell.
(6) Smoke ammunition is fired by the section or platoon to
screen or blind an enemy position during the maneuver or as-
sault of attacking tanks. It is used on small areas at the com-
mand of and controlled by the unit commander. It is not effec-
tive when fired by a single tank. Since it takes from 1 to 2
minutes to build a satisfactory screen, suspected areas are
smoked before the start of the attack. After the attack is
under way, high explosive is used against antitank guns which
open fire on assaulting or maneuvering tanks. Tank smoke is
not used on missions which properly belong to the organic
assault guns or mortars.
(c) The section or platoon fires three or four rounds per gun
in about 1% minutes to screen a suspected area. With a flank
wind, the screen is built up to windward of the target, so that
it will drift onto and just in front of it. When firing into a
head wind, tanks place smoke on or close behind the target.
A crosswind of from 3 to 6 miles velocity is ideal. When the
wind velocity is high (15 mph), the rate of fire is faster than
in a slow wind (3 to 5 mph) .
A.GO 150D 595304°
ARMORED FORCE HELD MANUAL
When the wind is blowing from the side, do not aim smoke shell
at the front of the target.
Aim the shell to the windward side. The wind will blow the smoke
in front of or over the target.
Figdeb 40. — Use of smoke shell, flank wind.
2
AGO lBftr
TANK PLATOON
AGO 150D
3
ABMOBED FORCE FIELD MANUAL
Do not use smoke shell against definitely located infantry weapons
o
Destroy infantry weapons by machine gun and high explosive ricochet
fire.
FiauEE 42. — Do not use smoke against infantry weapons.
4
AGO 1B0D
TANK PLATOON
Destroy definitely locoted observation potts with high explosive
Blind suspected observation posts with smoke shell when fire from
other weapons is not available.
Figure 43. — Use of smoke shell to blind an observation point.
Figure 44, Use of smoke shell to cover maneuver, is rescinded.
Figure 45, Use of smoke shell to blind an observation point,
is rescinded.
[A. G. 300.7 (28Jun 44).]
AGO 150D 5
ARMORED FORCE FIELD MANUAL
By order of the Secretary of War :
G. C. MARSHALL,
Chief of Staff.
Official :
J. A. ULIO,
Major General,
The Adjutant General.
Distribution :
As prescribed in paragraph 9a, FM 21-6 except D2, 7 (5),
17 (20) ; B 17 (10) ; R 17 (10) ; Bn 17 (10) ; I Bn 2, •
5-10 (3) ; C 17 (20) ; IC 2, 5-11 (5) .
IBn2: T/O &E2-25, Ren So. (Mecz) ;
I Bn 5 : T/O 5-215, Armd Engr Bn ;
I Bn 6 : T/O & E 6-165, Armd FA Bn ;
I Bn 7 : T/O 7-25, Armd Inf Bn ;
I Bn 8 : T/O 8-75, Med Bn Armd ;
I Bn 9 : T/O & E 9-65, Ord Maint Bn, Armd Div ;
I Bn 10 : T/O & E 10-35, Sup Bn, Armd Div ;
IC 2 : T/O & E 2-27, Ben Tr (Mecz) ;
IC 5 : T/O 5-216, Hq & Hq Co, Armd Engr Bn ; 5-217,
Co, Armd Engr Bn ;
IC 6 : T/O & E 6-160-1, Hq & Hq Btry, Div Arty, Armd
Div ; 6-166, Hq & Hq Btry, Armd FA Bn ; 6-167, Btry
Armd FA Bn ; 6-169, Sv Btry, Armd FA Bn ;
IC 7 : T/O 7-22, Hq & Hq Co, Armed Inf Begt ; 7-23, Sv
Co, Armd Inf Begt; 7-27, Bifle Co, Armd Inf Begt,
Rifle Co, Armd Inf Bn; T/O & E 7-26, Hq & Hq Co,
Armd Inf Bn ; 7-29, Sv Co, Armd Inf Bn ;
IC 8 : T/O & E 8-76, Hq & Hq Co, Med Bn, Armd ; 8-77,
Co, Med Bn, Armd ;
IC 9: T/O 9-36, Hq & Hq Co, Maint Bn, Armd Div;
T/O & B 9-67, Co, Maint Bn, Armd Div ;
IC 10 : T/O 10-36, Hq & Hq Co, Sup Bn, Armd Div ; 10-
37, Trk Co, Sup Bn, Armd Div ;
IC 11: T/O 11-57, Armd Sig Co; T/O & E 11-86-S,
Hq & Hq Co, Armd Sig Bn; 11-87S, Sig Information
and Monitoring Co ; 11-88-S, Co, Armd Sig. Bn, (Oper) ;
11-89-S, Armd Sig Bn (Cons) (Oper).
For explanation of symbols see FM 21-6.
6 AGO 150D
U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING 0FFlCCil»44
FM 17-30
ARMORED FORCE FIELD
MANUAL
TANK PLATOON
UNITED STATES
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
WASHINGTON ! 19«
WAR DEPARTMENT,
Washington, October 22, 1942.
FM 17-30, Armored Force Field Manual, Tank Platoon, is
published for the i ''[formation and guidance of all concerned.
[A. G. 062.11 (fr-18-12).]
By order of the Secretary op War :
G. C. MARSHALL,
Chief of Staff.
Official:
J. A. ULIO.
Major General,
The Adjutant General.
Distribution:
D 2. 7 (5), 17 (20) ; Bn and H 17 (10) ; IBn 2, 5-10 (3) ;
C 17 (20) ; IC 2, 5-11 (5).
(For explanation of symbols see FM 21-6.)
n
TABLE OP CONTENTS
Paragraphs Page
Chapteh 1. Genera! 1-4 1
Chapteb2. Training.
Section I. General 5-6 6
II. Terrain 7^8 8
III. Weapons and ammunition 9-11 30
Chapteh 3. Control, orders, and reconnaissance 12-14 54
Chapter 4. Marches 15-18 59
Chapter 5. Security 19-29 70
Chapteh 6. Offensive action.
Section I. General 30-32 121
n. Tank crew 33-35 fl25
III. Tank platoon 36-42 135
Chapteb 7. Defense 43-45 156
Index 159
III
FM 17-30
ARMORED FORCE FIELD MANUAL
TANK PLATOON
CHAPTER 1
GENERAL
■ 1. Purpose and Scope. — a. This manual is written as a
guide for the tactical training and combat procedure for
the individual tank, the tanK section, and the tank platoon,
both light and medium. The tactical procedures and meth-
ods set forth herein are not to be followed as inflexible rules,
as such practice would stifle individual Initiative. The
methods of procedure given must be varied to meet the par-
ticular situation at hand,
b. Key to symbols used in this manual will be found on
page 2.
■ 2. Organization. — The tank platoon, both light and me-
dium, consists of five tanks. The platoon is divided into
a platoon headquarters consisting of the platoon leader and
the crew of his tank, and two sections of two tanks each.
■ 3. Characteristics. — a. The tank is characterized by great
mobility, fire power, armor protection, and shock action.
These characteristics are possessed in varying degTee by dif-
ferent types of tanks. The characteristics dictate the man-
ner of employment. All types of tanks are limited by their
restricting vision devices.
b. Light tanks, as compared to medium tanks, have less
Are power, lighter armor and armament, greater speed, and
better maneuverability. They are particularly fitted for —
(1) Feeling out and developing weak spots in the enemy
position through which medium tanks may attack.
(2) Screening the advance against light enemy resistance.
(3) Leading an attack against an unarmored enemy weak
In antitank defense, when speed is essential.
<4) A fast maneuvering force to exploit the success of other
tanks.
<5) Maneuver to flank or rear to strike the enemy com-
mand posts, communication centers, reserves, and vital
installations.
1
3
ARMORED FORCE FIELD MANUAL
A OBSERVATION POST
O RIFLEMAN
RIFLEMAN (OUT OF
ACTION)
• — LIGHT MACHINE GUN
.50^
CAL-50 MACHINE GUN
ANTITANK GUN
TANK SECTION LEADER
TANK PLATOON COMDR
MORTAR CARRIER
til
ASSAULT GUN (SELF
PROPELLED )
AMMUNITION CARRIER
OBSTACLE
O-O MOTORCYCLE
SCOUT CAR
o TANK IN MOTION
y(^N BUNKER
EXPLOSIVE SHELL
FIRE
SMOKE SHELL FIRE
TANK IN POSITION LD LINE OF DEPARTURE
(6) Pursuing a defeated enemy.
e. Medium tanks, because of their greater fire power, guns
of heavier caliber, increased armor protection, and shocking
power are used to —
(1) Lead an attack against an enemy whose position and
strength are known.
2
TANK PLATOON
3-4
(2) Support by Are the attack of either light or medium
tanks.
d. It is essential that tank crew members know the strength
and weaknesses of their tank and its weapons. Furthermore,
they must know the strength of their weapons as compared
to enemy weapons likely to be encountered,
■ 4, Operation. — The tank platoon is the smallest tank bat-
tle unit. It normally operates as part of the tank company.
However, it may operate as an independent unit as advance,
flank, or rear guard or on similar missions.
a. Methods. — Tanks operate by surprise, fire and maneu-
ver, and in mass. The violation of these fundamentals will
lead to ineffectual effort and perhaps disaster.
(1) Surprise. — Surprise is gained by striking the enemy
at an unexpected time, from an unexpected direction, with
all strength possible. Speed of movement, use of covered
approaches, and coordination of fires assist in gaining sur-
prise. Seek to surprise the enemy but do not let yourself
be surprised. Give the enemy credit for being as capable
as yourself. Do not underestimate his ability. Do not be-
come careless. Expect the unexpected and be prepared for it.
(2) Fire and maneuver. — An advancing unit is covered by
the fire of weapons in stationary position. This is important
as the tank in the open is not only extremely vulnerable
but movement, dust, and restricted vision make the locating
of new targets extremely difficult. Tanks in defiladed posi-
tion can quickly locate and promptly bring fire upon hostile
weapons that fire upon the advancing tanks. This procedure
of fire and movement may be by section, platoon, or company.
(3) Mass, — Concentrate effort. Do not waste strength on
numerous unimportant targets. Strike on a key position with
all power that can be mustered. If this falls, others may
then be taken. If effort is made on several positions, the
enemy may easily destroy you by concentrating successively
on each attacking element.
b. Coordination. — Coordination of effort, that is, timing of
all elements, is essential. An uncoordinated effort violates
the fundamental of the use of mass. Therefore, in attack,
time the movement of the tanks and the opening of fire by
3
4
ARMORED FORCE FIELD MANUAL
supporting weapons or supporting tanks so that maximum
effect is obtained. Teamwork is essential.
c. Initiative and aggressiveness. — In order to obtain success
in battle, leaders must exercise initiative and act aggressively.
A small force acting under direction of an aggressive, alert,
leader can overcome a much larger force whose leader is slow
and nonaggressive. Do not let the enemy have time to get
set. Conversely, do not rush headlong into battle with no
plan of action. Think clearly, give clear orders, then act
fast.
cf. Striking weakness. — Seek to strike the enemy where he
is weak in antitank defense. Do not drive headlong against
strong antitank defense. Bypass It or call for assistance to
reduce it.
e. Mission and echelons of attack. — (1) The mission of
tanks in the armored division is to attack and destroy vital
hostile installations such as command posts, communication
centers, supply installations, reserves, and artillery.
(2) The mission of tanks in the separate tank battalions
is to assist infantry, cavalry, or motorized divisions to advance
by destroying hostile machine guns, personnel, and vital
installations.
(3) A tank attack will usually be launched in three echelons,
each echelon in a series of waves.
<a) The first echelon of attack, preceded by neutralization
by combat aviation and artillery, if available, is directed
against the antitank defenses, artillery, command posts, and
other rear installations. CSee FM 17-33 and E"M 17-32.)
Tank platoons of this echelon destroy first the enemy anti-
tank defenses and second, enemy artillery- They attack
enemy infantry only when hindered by it in fulfilling their
primary missions.
(t>) The platoons of the second echelon follow the first
echelon at such distance that the enemy will not have time
to re-form his antitank defenses. These platoons destroy
hostile automatic guns and personnel and clear the way for
the advance of infantry. Antitank guns passed over by the
first echelon must be silenced by the leading waves of the
•econd echelon. (See par. 38c.)
(c) The tank platoons of the third echelon advance with
4
TANK PLATOON
4
the Infantry, destroy hostile machine guns passed over by
the second echelon, and hostile personnel. The mission of
this echelon Is to assist the advance of the Infantry. They
may lead the infantry attack if resistance is still heavy.
If resistance has been broken by the first two echelons, tanks
of the third echelon will follow the infantry, prepared to
attack isolated resistance as necessary. These tanks also
protect the infantry from counterattack, particularly of
mechanized forces.
5
CHAPTER 2
TRAINING
Paragraphs
Sectioit I. General
II. Terrain
m. Weapons and ammunition.
5-6
7-8
9-11
Section I
GENERAL.
■ 5. General. — a. The subject of training is covered generally
fn FM 21-5. In the tank, platoon the individual man plays
an important roie. During the progress of an infantry or
cavalry attack the commander is able, by personal contact,
to command his troops. In the tank the commander cannot
see his men face to face. The platoon leader must rely upon
radio and signals for controlling his platoon. The tank at-
tack progresses rapidly and the commander is not able per-
sonally to influence the action as well as can commanders of
other Units, Once the tank attack has started, success de-
pends largely upon the training and initiative of the indi-
vidual tank commander. For this reason the training of tank
crews must be thorough. Each individual must know his
job thoroughly and teamwork of the tank crew must be
developed to a high degree.
b, (1) The training of the tank crew, section, and platoon
includes —
(a) Use of terrain.
(b) Selection of weapons and ammunition.
(c) Communication and control,
(d) Reconnaissance,
(e> Marches and bivouacs.
if) Security.
(g) Offensive action,
(ft) Defensive action.
(2) Prior to training in these subjects, individual training
and marksmanship (see FM 17-12) should have been com-
pleted. Combat practice firing follows tactical training o!
the crew. (See FM 17-15.) Tank crew drill is covered in
FM 17-5.
6
TANK PLATOON
6
■ 6. Training Procedure. — The only purpose of tactical train-
ing is to prepare for battle. Tactical exercises, therefore,
are a vital part of training and are, in fact, a dress rehearsal
for combat. Solutions of tactical situations should not be
stereotyped, otherwise individual initiative is lost. There is
usually more than one suitable solution to a tactical prob-
lem. Emphasis should be placed upon Initiative and ag-
gressive action. Once a decision is made, act quickly, boldly,
and vigorously. The following procedure will be used in the
preparation and execution of all tactical training exercises: '
Figure 1. — Sand table.
0. The officer in charge of training by map study selects
the area, personally reconnoiters the ground, and drafts the
problem. With other officers he plays the problem on a
map.
b. The problem is next played on a sand table, using num-
bered blocks of wood or miniature tanks to represent vehicles.
(See TP 7-265 and 7-266.) If the problem is for individual
tanks, the whole tank crew is present. If for the section or
platoon, the noncommissioned officers and selected privates
are present. The problem should be run several times and
each man called upon for solutions. Interest is maintained
7
6-7
ARMORED FORCE FIELD MANUAL
by Injecting small situations as the action progresses. Em-
phasise decisions and immediate vigorous action.
c. Following the sand table phase, the section or platoon
executes the problem on the ground. After completing the
problem, assemble all personnel and hold a critique. Point
out errors and state a method of correcting these errors.
Avoid ridicule. Repeat the problem as necessary.
Section II
TERRAIN
■ 7. Study. — The estimate of terrain generally is covered in
FM 101-5.
a. The importance of the study of terrain cannot be over-
emphasized. Battles are won or lost by the ability of the
leader to estimate terrain and use it to his own advantage.
The study of terrain must be continuous throughout all phases
of training. Each individual must understand thoroughly
how to use terrain to his own advantage and must appreciate
how the enemy can use it.
b. Study of terrain must be preceded by a thorough course
in map and aerial photograph reading. Each individual must
be taught the names of terrain features and then the method
of converting these features to his advantage. Each indi-
vidual must answer the following questions:
(1) What is the nature of the soil?
(2) Is It hard or soft? Will the tank sink in a short
distance and then be able to move forward, or is there a
crust which may carry the vehicle for a short distance and
then break, bogging the machine?
(3) Is the ground level or rolling?
(4) Is the surface eroded, forming natural barriers around
which a route must be reconnoitered?
(5) Are stream banks soft and swampy, or hard? Steep
or sloping?
(6) Are stream bottoms hard sand or gravel, or soft mud?
(7) What is the depth of the stream? Consider not only
the depth to the actual bottom but also the amount the tank
may sink. Know the fording depth of the tank.
(8) What Is the type of vegetation? Does it provide con-
cealment from air observation? From ground observation?
8
TANK PLATOON
7-8
(9) Does terrain afford good firing positions for support of
maneuvering tanks? Does it afford concealed routes of
approach?
(10) Is the terrain heavily forested or covered only with
light brush?
(11) What is the background for an attack? Will the tank
be silhouetted against the sky or a light-colored field?
(12) Are there any defiles that will limit your movement?
c. Following is one procedure for study of terrain:
(1) By use of a sand table, teach terrain features and how
to use them. (See par. 8.) For use of sand table, see TP
7-265 and TP 7-266.
(2) On the ground, walk the platoon over the terrain.
Point out terrain features. Show how to use covered ap-
proaches and firing positions. Demonstrate testing of
swampy ground and fording depth of streams.
(3) Have the platoon drive through the area in tanks; first
with ports open and then with ports closed.
■ 8. Use. — a. Foot troops use cover to minimise losses In
approaching the enemy. The tank, although armored, must
also make use of cover when practicable. The following
factors render this operation difficult:
(1) The tank forms a much larger target than the foot
soldiers and cannot take advantage of small cover. There-
fore, it is necessary that routes be carefully chosen.
(2) The speed of the tank reduces the time available for
selection of routes while moving. This difficulty is overcome
to some extent by choosing, while in turret defilade, a route
to a new position.
(3) View from the tank is limited and good routes may be
difficult to choose. This may be overcome to some extent by
the tank commander observing from the open turret except
when under fire.
(4) The formation of the platoon or company may at times
preclude maximum use of cover as tanks should not, without
the platoon leader's authority, stray more than 50 yards from
their assigned direction except when necessary to silence an
antitank gun.
(5) The driver, in seeking cover, must coordinate his action
9
10
TANK PLATOON
8
with the gunner. Sudden changes or frequent unannounced
changes of direction will seriously impair the aim of the
gunner.
b. Figures 3 to 21, inclusive, indicate incorrect and correct
methods of using terrain.
© Do not cross the crest of a treeless hill when It can be avoided.
©Drive around the hill.
Figure 3. — Passing & treeless hill.
u
8
ARMORED FORCE FIELD MANUAL
TANK PLATOON
8
® Do not approach the crest of an extended ridge In deep formation.
The enemy can destroy your tanks one by one.
© Approach the crest In line formation; then all tanks o£ the platoon
reach the crest at the same time and are prepared to concentrate
their ttre against the enemy battery or antitank gun which may
be In position behind the ridge.
Figure 5. — Method of crossing a ridge when detour Is impracticable.
486462° — 42 2
13
8
ARMORED FORCE FIELD MANUAL
® Do not drive straight across country without taking advantage
of folds in the ground.
"1
© Make use of small depressions and valleys.
Figure 6. — Take advantage of folds in the ground.
14
TANK PLATOON
8,
i!) Do not drive straight across country without taking advantage of
folds in the ground.
© Make use of small depressions and valleys.
Piobbe 7. — Make use or,depressions and valleys.
15
8
ARMORED FORCE FIELD MANUAL
® Form platoon In double or single column.
Figure 8. — Driving through closed terrain.
16
TANK PLATOON
ARMORED FORCE FIELD MANUAL
8
8
ARMORED FORCE FIELD MANUAL
© Go around the field, thus preventing telltale tracks.
PiortaE 12. — Stay oa dark ground.
20
TANK PLATOON
8
ARMORED FORCE FIELD MANUAL
® Do not pass through a dense forest in double column or wider
formation. This necessitates the clearance of several paths and
contact may be lost.
© Pass through dense woods in one column and clear only one path.
Figure 14. — Passing through woods.
22
TANK PLATOON
8
ARMORED FORCE FIELD MANUAL
TANK PLATOON
8
8
ARMOKED FORCE FIELD MANUAL
® Drive through fog in double column in order to narrow and
sliorten the formation.
Figure 18. — Passing through fog.
?6
TANK PLATOON
8
© Do not drive through smoke cloud in wedge formation. As the
tanks come out ol the smoke cloud the enemy can destroy them
one after the other.
® Drive through a smoke cloud In line formation. The tank platoon
comes out of the cloud all together, ready to fire. If defiladed or
concealed positions can he taken up until smcke Cloud passes,
do so. (See FM 17-32.)
Figure 19. — Driving through smoke cloud.
27
8
ARMORED FORCE FIELD MANUAL
Figure 20. — Passing through a defile. Spread out aa soon as defile
is passed In order to bring more fire power to bear on the enemy
and to offer a less concentrated target.
28
TANK PLATOON
8
® If an obstacle is crossed In column, much time Is lost, for all
vehicles must watt until the tank ahead is across.
© When an obstacle is crossed on a wide Tront, each vehicle requires
the same time. The column then can be quickly re-formed.
Figure 21. — Crossing obstacles such as ditches.
486462*^-42 3 29
9-10
ARMORED FORCE FIELD MANUAL
Section HI
WEAPONS AND AMMUNITION
■ 9. General. — The tank is armed with several weapons of
different calibers each of which is provided with more than
one type of ■ ammunition. The tank crew must be carefully
trained in the characteristics of these weapons, their capa-
bilities and limitations, and the proper use of each. The
gunner and tank commanders must know instinctively what
weapons to use and the proper type of ammunition for each
target.
■ 10. Description. — a. Depending upon the type of tank, the
weapons available are the caliber .30 machine gun, the 37-mm
gun, and the 75-mm gun. In addition, the tank has 12
grenades, fragmentation, incendiary, and smoke, and the
individual weapons of the crew, submachine gun and pistol.
b. The machine gun is an antipersonnel weapon. When
fired from a stationary tank it may be effective at ranges
up to 2,500 yards. However, It will normally not be used
beyond 1,000 yards. From a moving tank not equipped with
the gyro stabilizer, the machine gun should not be used at
ranges greater than 300 yards. With the gyro stabilizer,
ranges are the same as from a stationary tank. The M1919A4
caliber .30 machine gun cannot deliver sustained fire like
the M1917 water-cooled gun. Caliber .30 armor piercing am-
munition will penetrate the shield of antitank weapons at
200 yards.
c. The 37-mm gun has three types of ammunition: can-
nister, high explosive, and armor piercing.
(1) Cannister ammunition is used against personnel at
ranges up to 200 yards. (See FM 23-80 and FM 23-81.)
(2) High explosive ammunition is used against unarmored
weapons in position, such as machine guns or antitank guns,
from an unprotected side. It is no good against armored
vehicles or bunkers.
(3) 37-mm armor piercing ammunition is effective against
most hostile light and medium tanks up to a range of 800
yards. It is also used against emplacements.
30
TANK PLATOON
10-11
d. The 75-mm gun is equipped with armor piercing, high
explosive, and smoke shell.
(1) Armor piercing ammunition is effective against most
hostile tanks up to a range of 1,600 yards. The armor pierc-
ing shell itself is effective against unarmored vehicles beyond
limit of vision of the flrer, normally 2,500 to 3,000 yards.
(2) High explosive ammunition is used against antitank
guns, machine-gun emplacements, and occasionally against
personnel. It is effective beyond the limit of vision (see (1)
above) . By indirect fire with an observer, it may be used at
ranges of 7,500 yards.
(3) Smoke ammunition is effective as in (1) and (2) above.
It is used to screen antitank guns so that the tank may move
to a more favorable position. The smoke cloud from this
projectile is effective 50 yards downwind and the smoke ele-
ment burns for 10 seconds. The smoke is placed in front of or
on the target. For the greatest effect, fire to the windward
and just in front of the target. If wind direction cannot be
determined, fire just in front of the target on the line tank-
target. Note direction of smoke cloud and Are another shell
if necessary. If wind is blowing indirectly toward you, fire
in or just behind the target. The smoke shell is also effective
against personnel and is incendiary.
■ 11. Conservation of Ammunition. — Each exercise sched-
uled for company training must include training in ammuni-
tion conservation. Although exercises are conducted without
ammunition, this subject must always be kept in mind.
During exercises, the 37-mm and 75-mm gunner should be
required to simulate firing and assistant gunners should keep
track of the number of rounds the gunner has simulated
firing. When all ammunition is fired, the gunner ceases
firing. , This is one of the principal ways in which troops
can be trained in conservation of ammunition. If promiscu-
ous simulated firing without thought of ammunition supply
is permitted, wasteful habits will be developed. The tank
commander requires frequent reports from gunners concern-
ing ammunition supply. The chart below shows in a startling
manner what a comparatively small amount of ammunition
is available.
31
11
ARMORED FORCE FIELD MANUAL
Weapons
Rounds
carried
Usable
rate of
fire per
minute
per
weapon
Number of
minutes
ammuni-
tion will
last, firing
at usable
rate
Light tank, M3:
3 caliber .30 machine
guns
1 37-mm gun
Medium tank M3:
2 caliber .30 machine
guns
1 37-mm gun
1 75-mm gun
Medium tank M4:
2 caliber .30 machine
guns
1 caliber .50 machine
gun
1 75-mm gun
4, 000
103
4, 000
150
50
4, 000
300
96
125
10
125
10
125
125
6
10
10
16
15
8
2. 5
16
32
TANK PLATOON
11
® Fire from stationary tank. Move nearer If It is only an enemy
machine gun.
Figure 22. — Firing on a point target from moving target.
33
11
ARMORED FORCE FIELD MANUAL
® Do not flght advancing enemy Infantry from a moving tank at a
range of 500 yards or greater, if suitable stationary firing positions
are available.
© Shoot from stationary tank with machine guns; move the tank
forward after the enemy has started to take cover.
Figure 23. — Firing on foot troops from a. moving tank. (See also
flg. 24.)
34
TANK PLATOON
11
11
ARMORED FORCE FIELD MANUAL
Do not attack a dismounted column with the Blow-flrlng 37-nam
gun with armor piercing or high explosive shell; the effect will not
be great enough.
© Make a surprise attack with the fast-firing machine gun. If
column is within ZOO yards, use 37-mm cannister.
Figure 25. — Attacking a column of foot troops or noise cavalry.
36
TANK PLATOON
11
© When you are not under Are, do not Are at 500 yards, or greater
range, Irom a moving tank at an enemy antitank gun which Is
firing at some other target. The effect of your Are is too uncer-
tain and discloses your position.
® Go into position at once and shoot with all guns at the crew of
the antitank gun; the effect of fire from a stationary tank at 800
yards range Is excellent.
Figube 28. — Attacking hostile antitank gun which is firing at some
other target.
37
11
ARMORED FORCE FIELD MANUAL
©
Frcxrai: 27. — Attacking hostile antitank gun that Is firing at another
target. (See also flg. 26.)
38
TANK PLATOON
11
© Do not shoot at a larger but less dangerous target (ammunition
section) while an enemy antitank gun Is moving into position.^
® Attack at once; are with all guns at the enemy antitank gun.
Figure 28. — Attack more dangerous target.
39
11 ARMORED FORCE FIELD MANUAL
T> DO not Are with a machine gun at an antitank gun going into
position at ranges in excess of 800 yards.
<£> Fire with the 37-mm or 75-mm gun at the antitank gun goinp
into position.
PictJBE 29. — Firing at an antitank gun going into position.
40
TANK PLATOON
11
® Do not attack an antitank gun frontally at 350 yards or greater
range by machine-gun Are. The machine-gun projectiles do not
penetrate the armor plate at ranges greater than 350 yards.
© Fire at the target with the 37-mm armor pie-Cng or 75-mm liigh
explosive or armor piercing shell. It will penetrate the armor
plate, destroy the weapon, and eliminate the crew.
Figure 30. — Attacking an antitank gun frontally.
41
11
ARMORED FORCE FIELD MANUAL
® Do not fire with only the 37-mm gun at any enemy antitank gun
(400 yards away) pointing in another direction.
® Fire with all guns at the unprotected flank of the antitank gun.
Picum 31. — Firing at a hostile antitank gun.
42
TANK PLATOON
11
1] AiiMORED FORCE FIELD MANUAL
®Move into position at once and take tne enemy tank under fire
with armor piercing projectiles from your stationary tank.
Figure 33. — Attacking enemy tanka.
44
TANK PLATOON
11
o-
® Do not attack an enemy tank with the 37-mm tank gun at more
than 800 yards. This Is a waste of ammunition.
o-
©Iiet enemy tank approach to within at least 800 yards range.
Figure 34. — Firing at hostile tanks.
o-
® Do not attack an enemy tank with explosive shells.
O €>
® Fire with armor piercing shells.
Figure 35. — Attacking enemy tanks.
486462* — 42
45
11 -ARMORED FORCE FIELD MANUAL
©Do not Are at an enemy machine gun, not emplaced, with the
slow-firing 37-mm tank gun using high explosive or armor
piercing shell. This is a waste ol ammunition.
® Eliminate the enemy machine-gun crew by fast-firing machine
guns or use 37-mm cannlster if within 200 yards.
Figure 38. — Attacking hostile machine guns.
46
TANK PLATOON
11
] ] ARMORED FORCE FIELD MANUAL
®Do not try to destroy the crew of an enemy machine gun at
close range with explosive shells.
® At close range, use machine guns to destroy living targets. If
range is less than 2QQ yards, use cannlsters.
Figure 38. — Attacking a hostile machine gun at close range.
48
TANK PLATOON
11'
©Destroy the loopholes by 37-mm or 75-mm tank gun fire, using
armor piercing projectiles.
Ficuue 39. — Firing at loopholes in a bunker.
49
11
ARMORED FORCE FIELD MANTTAL
® Do not fire with high explosive on a target not exactly determined.
WittO
?
® Screen wltb smoke shell the view of the suspected weapon, thus
hindering Its effectiveness,
FiouitE 40. — Firing at target the position of which has not been
exactly determined.
© When the wind is blowing from the side, do not aim smoke shell
at the front of the target.
YtltiD
® Aim the shell to the windward side. The wind will blow the
smoke In front of the target.
FictroE 41. — Use of smoke shell, flank wind.
50
TANK PLATOON
11
o
® When the wind is blowing from your Iront, do not place the
.smoke shell In rront ol the target. This does not blind the
antitank gun.
-* — VfiND
o
® In this case, place the shell behind the target; then the wind will
screen it completely.
Figuhb 42. — Use ol smoke shell, bead wind.
Wirhfo
O
O
© Do not use smoke shell against definitely located Infantry
weapons.
O
700 r&s
O
® Destroy Infantry weapons by high explosive shells and ricochet
firing.
Fionas 43. — TJse ol smoke shell against small arms.
51
11
ARMORED FORCE FIELD MANUAL
o
sooros.
H
® While changing position, do not answer antitank gun Are with
explosive shells.
o
© Blind the antitank gun immediately with smoke shell, proceed to
the next position, and from there destroy the antitank gun with
explosive shell.
Figure 44. — Use of (smoke shell to cover maneuver.
TANK PLATOON
U
CHAPTER 3
CONTROL, ORDERS, AND RECONNAISSANCE
■ 12. Control. — a. Purpose. — Control is essentia] to coordi-
nated action. Loss of control leads to uncoordinated and
uneffectual effort. The platoon leader must at all times be
able to direct the maneuver of his platoon and to concentrate
the fire power of the platoon as desired.
b. Tactical control. — The platoon leader controls the pla-
toon initially by clear, definite orders as to direction of attack,
zones, and objectives. During the attack he controls move-
ment by means of radio orders and flag signals. Less fre-
quently, orders will be given to assembled tank commanders
during lulls in the fighting.
c. Fire control. — For fire control of individual weapons by
the tank commander, see Field Manual for the weapon con-
cerned. For list of Field Manuals and Technical Manuals,
see FM 21-6. Prior to the attack the platoon leader points
out known targets and Indicates which weapons are to fire
on these targets. For the advance, he designates tanks to
guard to the front, right, and left. (See FM 17-12, 23-80,
23-81, and 23-95.) During the attack the platoon leader by
radio directs the fire of his platoon or of a tank or section
upon certain targets if these targets have not already been
adequately engaged.
■ 13. Orders. — a. Initial orders are given to the assembled
tank commanders from a point from which as much as prac-
ticable of the area over which the platoon is to advance can
be seen. If this is impracticable, show the zone and direc-
tion of advance on a map, sketch, or aerial photograph. In-
dicate objectives and rallying points. Make the order brief
but clear. The order should include —
(1) Information of the enemy and terrain.
(2) Mission of the company.
(3) Mission of the platoon.
(4) Fire support, that is, mortar, assault gun, or artillery.
(5) Attack position.
(6) Direction of attack.
54
TANK PLATOON
13-14
(7) Objectives.
(8) Formation of platoon.
(9) Scheme of maneuver, that is, attack straight to front
or one section making envelopment. Orders for each section
if platoon does not attack in one wave.
(10) Time of attack or signal for the attack.
<11) Rallying point,
(12) Alternate rallying point.
(13) Special signals, if any.
6. During the advance, orders are given by radio or by flag
signal, except during lulls in combat, when section leaders
or tank commanders may be assembled for receiving orders.
Figure 46. — Do not give orders from map or by description alone U
you can reach a position from which terrain and enemy may be
pointed out.
■ 14, Reconnaissance, — a. The tank platoon Is not a recon-
naissance unit although at times it may be used for
reconnaissance purposes. When on purely reconnaissance
missions, its functions are as described in PM 17-20. This
paragraph covers employment and battle reconnaissance.
b. The tank has limitations as a reconnaissance vehicle due
to limited observation and noise. However, in many situa-
tions tanks must be used for reconnaissance because of their
55
14
ARMORED FORCE FIELD MANUAL
armament and armor protection. Much of the employment
reconnaissance, because of these restrictions and also to pre-
vent discovery of the presence of tanks, must be made on
foot. However, every effort should be made to thoroughly re-
connoiter the terrain and the enemy positions. Employment
reconnaissance may be classified as hasty and deliberate.
Figure 47. — Give order from point where terrain and enemy can
be seen.
(1) When attacking from march column or when making
a deep movement into enemy held terrain, deliberate recon-
naissance, because of the lack of time, may not be possible.
In such case the platoon leader makes a hasty map
reconnaissance, gains all the information he can from his
company commander, and passes all information along to
his tank commanders. He tentatively selects his route of ad-
vance from the map or carefully studies the route designated
by the company commander. He notes what will apparently
be difficult places, places where cover is meager or lacking,
and available cover. As he advances, he moves from ob-
servation point to observation point and continuously studies
the ground to the front and flanks.
(2) (a) During combat, reconnaissance is continuous. The
platoon leader and individual tank commander constantly
56
TANK PLATOON
14
observe in order to choose routes, select positions, and find
enemy installations. The platoon leader must keep his com-
pany commander informed concerning the situation. He
should constantly ask himself the following questions;
1. Where am I?
2. Where is the enemy?
3. What is my mission?
4. What is the enemy doing?
5. What weapons is he using?
6. How can I best use the terrain?
(b) In his reports to the company commander, the platoon
leader should answer all or part of the following questions:
1. Where am I?
2. What am I doing?
3. Where is the enemy?
4. What is the enemy doing?
5. What weapons is he using against me?
6. What is enemy's strength?
7. What is on my flanks?
8. What are my losses?
9. What am I going to do?
(3) In a coordinated attack, particularly in the penetra-
tion of a position, there will usually be more time for recon-
naissance. If infantry or reconnaissance units are in con-
tact with the enemy and time is available after receipt of
orders (see PM 17-22) , the platoon leader, section leaders,
tank commanders, and drivers If possible, Teconnoiter the
ground from -the attack position to the line of departure.
From an observation point, the zone of advance is studied
as far forward as practicable and routes for each tank
selected. Maps or aerial photographs are studied to deter-
mine character of terrain beyond the limit of vision. This
reconnaissance cannot be too detailed.
c. During battle, reconnaissance is continuous to discover
enemy positions and weapons, routes of approach, detours
around impassable ground, and anything that will affect the
progress of the platoon.
d. The platoon leader must keep his company commander
fully informed of the results of reconnaissance. When re-
porting, be sure to give your own position.
57
14
ARMORED FORCE FIELD MANUAL
CHAPTER 4
MARCHES
■ 15. General. — For detailed discussions of marches, see PM
17-10, 17-50, 17-32, 17-33, and 25-10. For security on the
march, see chapter 5.
a. A good march places men and equipment at their destina-
tion at the proper time and in condition to fight. The suc-
cess of a march depends upon good march discipline which
can be obtained only by practice and rigid enforcement of
march rules.
b. The platoon, except when detailed on security missions,
marches as part of the company. The platoon leader, when
contact with the enemy is not imminent, marches at the head
of the platoon and is responsible for the proper distance from
the unit ahead. He frequently observes to the rear to check
on his platoon. When contact is imminent, platoon leaders
will usually march at the head of the company and platoons
are conducted by the platoon sergeant.
c. Radio silence is maintained when in the presence of the
enemy and as otherwise ordered. However, radio receivers
are turned on and tuned to the battalion or other frequency as
directed in order that immediate air alarm may be transmitted
to all tanks.
d. A march must not be considered as a joy ride. All men
must be alert. Weapons must be ready to repel a ground or
air attack. Tank commanders observe from the turret and
keep close watch for enemy air or ground troops and for dis-
tance to the tank ahead.
e. The following should be particularly stressed (see also
FM 17-32) :
(1) Keep proper distance from vehicle ahead.
(2) Glance to rear occasionally to observe march of other
vehicles.
(3) Watch for air or ground attack.
(4) Keep to right of road when there is two-way traffic.
Travel in center of high -crowned road when there is one-way
traffic but watch out for vehicles trying to pass.
59
15-18
ARMORED FORCE FIELD MANUAL
(5) Move off road at halt or as far off the side as practicable
if ditches prevent moving completely off the road. Use avail-
able cover but do not close up. Keep distance.
(6) Change drivers at the halt.
<7) Keep alert. Keep weapons ready for use.
■ 16. Rate and Distance. — a. The march rate of medium
tanks will not exceed 17 miles per hour. Light tanks when not
in column with medium tanks may exceed this rate.
b. The distance per vehicle will depend upon the time of day
and the possibility of air attack. The usual distance per vehi-
cle is 88 yards, that is twenty vehicles per mile. When theie
is danger of frequent and heavy air attacks, this distance
should be increased to 176 yards ot 0.1 mile.
c. At night, distance is decreased so that the driver can see
the night lights of the vehicle ahead.
■ 17. Halts. — a. Halts are usually made for 10 minutes every
2 hours. At the halt, do not remain idle. Inspect the tank
and refuel as necessary. Have one man on the weapons ready
to repel ground or air attack. Do not let yourself be surprised.
Drivers should be changed at these halts. Do not close up.
b. Refueling halts, usually of 16-hour duration, are made
every 4 hours. Men may be fed during these halts.
c. See also paragraph 15/.
■ 18. Maintenance. — Tanks that fall out of column pull to the
side of the road, under cover if practicable. The company
maintenance section following the company makes a hasty
examination of the vehicle. If it can be repaired in 10 min-
utes, this maintenance section makes necessary adjustments.
If more extensive repairs or adjustments are necessary, the
vehicle is left for the battalion section of the regimental main-
tenance company, which is following the battalion. The crew
remains with the vehicle.
60
TAHK- PLilTOON
18
Figure 48. — On a high-crowned road with one-way traffic, drive In
center.
Fictnuc 50. — Do not close up tanks during a halt, thereby offering a
good air target. Halt with proper march distance bo as not to
present a massed target.
48 6462"— 42 5
61
IS-
ARMORED FORCE FIELD MANUAL
TANK TLATOON 18
63
18
ARMORED FORCE FIELD MANUAL
® When the movement of the sun changes the shadow, change the
tank's position with the shadow.
Figure 53. — Halt on shady side of buildings.
64
TANK PLATOON
18
18
ARMORED FORCE FIELD MANUAL
® Do not halt so vehicles will have to back out to return to the
road.
® Head vehicles so they can be moved directly forward to the road.
Turn turrets so guns of platoon will give all around protection.
Figuhe 55. — Position of vehicles at the halt.
66
TANK PLATOON
18
lg AuMORED FORCE FIELD MANUAL
® Do not drive in the dust beside road, even if shaded. Drive on
the hard surface where no dust cloud is raised.
® Do not drive off the road where a dust cloud attracts attention of
the enemy.
Figure 57. — Dust clouds.
68
TANK PLATOON 18
® When moving at night, the tank commander must observe from
the turret, recognize obstacles, and understand the light signals
of the platoon commander. The tank commander must not sleep
during a night march.
Picdee 58. — Night driving.
69
CHAPTER 5
SECURITY
■ 19. General. — The subject of security generally is covered
in FM 100-5 and FM 17-10. This chapter covers local security
for the platoon and the platoon on security missions.
a. Security is the responsibility of all commanders from the
highest to the lowest. The higher commander is responsible
for security of the command as a whole. The tank platoon Is
responsible for its own local security. Do not let the enemy
surprise you. Do not become careless. Do not relax vigilance
because you think the enemy is far away. Small hostile
groups may approach bp stealth. Paratroops may attack.
There is always danger of air attack.
b. Security for the tank platoon is obtained by —
" CI) Posting observers to warn of hostile ground or air
attack.
(2) Keeping some of guns manned at all times. (For in-
structions on loading and half-loading alert weapons, see
FM 17-32.)
(3) Concealment' and camouflage.
(4) Use of slit trenches.
■ 20. On the March. — a. On the march —
(1) Take and keep proper distance between vehicles (80
to 170 yards; see ch. 4).
(2) Keep radio silence.
(3) Tune receivers of all vehicles to battalion command or
other frequency as directed in order to receive early informa-
tion of air or ground attack.
(4) Tank commanders observe from turrets. Keep alert
for ground and air attack.
(5) Gunners remain ready to deliver fire instantly.
b. The platoon may be given, the mission of protecting to
the front, either flank, or the rear. If the platoon is acting
alone, individual tanks are given these missions.
70
TANK PLATOON
20
72
TANK PLATOON
21-22
■ 21. At the Halt. — At temporary halts during the march,
when the tank platoon is operating within the column, the
following security measures are taken:
a. Move off the road if practicable and Into concealment.
b. Disperse vehicles.
C. Point guns to give all around defense.
d. Keep one man in each tank on the gun.
e. Keep one man on platoon leader's radio.
/. Post one or two men armed with submachine guns to a
flank as necessary. This will not be necessary if flank Is
open and view unobstructed.
g. Post air and ground observer.
ft. Post man on road to receive signals from company com-
mander.
i. Dig slit trenches if halt is for more than 15 minutes.
j. Place tanks so they can move out without backing.
■ 22. In Bivouac. — In bivouac, the tank platoon leader —
a. Places platoon in its assigned area for all around de-
fense, dispersed at not less than 50-yard intervals.
b. Places tanks so they can be readily moved out without
backing.
C. Has slit trenches dug for crew members.
d. Sights guns for defense and details men to fire these
guns if such should be necessary.
e. Has tank crew bivouac at its tank.
/. Establishes a platoon CP at his tank and has at least
one member of the platoon awake at this CP at all times.
g. Checks concealment and camouflage.
h. Has tank tracks brushed out to prevent disclosure of
position.
73
22
ARMORED FORCE FIELD MANUAL
® Da not drive forward into concealment; there will be difficulties
when backing out.
® Back into concealment; then driving out will be easy.
Figure 61. — Method of getting under cover.
74
TANK PLATOON
22
Ptotjre 63. — Often foliage of trees does not afford sufficient cover.
In this case, the tanks must be camouflaged with branches
against aerial and ground observation.
75
22
ARMORED FORCE FIELD MANUAL
® Do not assemble the tanks at intervals of less than 50 yards.
In such crowded formation, heavy losses are to be expected from
artillery Are and bombing attacks.
<D Extend the distance between tanks to at least 50 yards in order
to reduce casualties.
Figure 64. — Disperse vehicles.
76
TANK PLATOON 22
® Do not remain in the turret when backing into concealment.
® When backing into concealment, dismount and assist the driver
■ by signaling the direction.
Figure 65. — Backing into concealment.
486462' — 42 6 77
22 ARMORED FORCE FIELD MANUAL
® Do not neglect to blot out the tracks left on the road fcy turning
tanks. Even If tanks are well camouflaged In the woods, the
tracks will betray the position of the platoon.
® Blot out the tracks immediately, thus leaving no clues to enemy
airplanes.
Figube 66. — Blot Out tracks.
78
TANK PLATOON
22
Ficuei; 67. — Keep crews In shade and under cover. Avoid move-
ment in the open.
79
22
ARMORED FORCE FIELD MANUAL
® Do not let the driver do a!l the maneuvering himself when
driving into assembly position at night; accidents and damage to
the tanks are the consequence.
® The tank commander must dismount and precede the tank on
foot, directing the driver into the assembly position by dimmed
light signals.
Ficuee 68. — Movement into bivouac at night.
80
TANK PLATOON
22
ARMORED FORCE FIELD MANUAL
83
ARMORED FORCE FIELD MANUAL
TANK PLATOON
23-25
■ 23. In Assembly Area. — Security measures In assembly area
are similar to those in bivouac except that slit trenches are
not dug unless the area is to be occupied for more than 15-
minutes. In assembly area, men prepare their tanks for
action.
■ 24. At Rallying Point. — The most opportune time for the
enemy to strike is while a unit is reorganizing; therefore, the
first consideration at the rallying point ts security. At the
platoon rallying point, if one is designated at a different place
from that of the company, the platoon leader sites tank
weapons to cover hostile avenues of approach and designates
observers to warn of hostile advance. He then checks and
reorganizes his platoon. At the rallying point, conceal
vehicles and disperse them.
■ 25. Tank Platoon as Advance Party. — a. The tank platoon
may be detailed as the advance guard for a company or as the
advance party of a larger force. In any case its action is the
same.
b. The duty of the advance guard is to secure the uninter-
rupted march of the main body, brush aside small enemy
resistance, and give the main body time and space for de-
velopment. The commander of the advance guard must act
quickly and boldly. He will have little time for estimate
of the situation or the terrain.
c. Figure 75 shows the tank platoon as advance party. It
uses two tanks as a point. The platoon will usually have one
or more motorcycles, an assault gun, and a mortar attached
to it.
d. The support commander with the artillery observer
usually rides between the advance party and the support-
The advance party may expect speedy artillery support.
e. The point and advance party are responsible for security
and observation within view of the route.
/. The column is ordinarily preceded by the division recon-
naissance company, the reconnaissance company of an
armored regiment, and the reconnaissance platoon of the
armored battalion. This latter is from 3 to 7 miles in front
of the advance guard. Despite this fact, the advance guard
must take great care in its advance. Reconnaissance units
85
86
87
ARMORED FORCE FIELD MANUAL
POINT
100-500 YDS
1/2 - I MINUTE
DEPENDING ON TERRAIN
> 300-800 YDS
J
Picture 75. — Reinforced platoon as advance party.
88
TANK PLATOON
25
Will rarely find all ths enemy. Hostile troops may place road
blocks after reconnaissance elements have passed. The point
and the advance party commander must keep always on the
alert to detect enemy activity.
g. When contact with the enemy is Imminent, all weapons
are loaded and gun crews prepared to fire at once. Vehicles
advance so that a leading vehicle is always covered by one
or more vehicles in the rear. Vehicles must remain in sight
of each other. Figures 76 to 90, inclusive, show methods of
advance and action to be taken if the enemy is met.
89
90
TANK PLATOON
25
25
ARMORED FORCE FIELD MANUAL
Figure 78. — The tank gunner must be behind his gun when contact
with the enemy is made. He is then ready to deliver the first
shot against the enemy tank or armored car.
92
TANK PLATOON
25
ARMORED FORCE FIELD MANUAL
FiotntE 80. — Action of point when enemy armored vehicle la met.
PiotmB 81. — Do not shoot at an oncoming enemy motorcyclist from
a moving tank; he may escape and notify his unit ol your pres-
ence. Stop the tank at once. Then, by accurate Are, the enemy
motorcyclist can be destroyed.
94
TANK PLATOON
25
25
ARMORED FORCE FIELD MANUAL
97
98
TANK PLATOON
25
© Do not attempt ta engage by frontal attack of tank crews the
enemy defending a blacked bridge by concealed machine-gun
are.
<C7
•■■ , w«v. Vltll j 0ffl j 1 .sH*^
® Leading vehicles should engage the hostile machine gun while
remaining vehicles move around the lake to destroy the enemy
by flank attack. If only two vehicles are present, use one to make
a flank attack. If antitank guns are encountered, use assault
gun are to silence them or blind them with smoke of the mortar,
Fii;im£ 86. — Attacking a road block.
99
25
ARMORED FORCE FIELD MANUAL
® Reach the objective by use of available cover; first vehicles go
into position engaging the enemy. Remaining tanks attacfc
from the flunk under cover.
Picttre 87. — Attacking a village.
100
TANK PLATOON
25
0-|
1 1
a o <?
°-gl
® Do not fight a well -protected road block In a village by direct
frontal fire.
ha^ —
II - o
(D Try Immediately to destroy the enemy by a flank or rear attack.
Figube 88. — Attacking a road block in a village.
101
25 ARMORED FORCE FIELD MANUAL
® Do not move out from edge of woods without covering the
foreground with a halted tank.
Have one tank go into position in edge of woods and observe.
This tank covers the exit and subsequent advance of the platoon.
Figure 89.— Emerging from woods.
102
TANK PLATOON
25
© Do not halt outside the edge ot a woods; your tank becomes an
easy prey to enemy antitank guns.
Q) Halt as deep m the woods as observation permits, utilizing as much
cover as possible.
Piguke 9D. — Halting in edge o! woods.
103
26-27
ARMORED FORCE FIELD MANUAL
■ 26. Plank Guard. — a. The platoon may be detailed as a
flank guard- Light tanks, because of their greater mobility,
are more suitable for this mission. As a flank guard, the
platoons will usually be reinforced with an assault gun, mortar,
two or more motorcycles or %-ton trucks, and a squad of
infantry.
b. A platoon acting as flank guard travels on roads parallel
to the main body and from 2 to 5 miles to the flank. It may
march roughly abreast the main body or may occupy succes-
sive positions to protect the flank. It must give immediate
warning of any enemy encountered and delay any enemy
attack from the flank. (See figs. 91 and 92.)
■ 27. Rear Guard. — a. A rear guard may be detailed for either
advancing or retiring troops. Its mission is to protect the
main body from harassment by the enemy, to delay enemy
forces advancing on the rear, and to collect stragglers and
vehicles falling out of column. During a withdrawal, the rear
guard destroys bridges or otherwise blocks roads.
b. The rear guard, unlike the advance guard, can expect
little assistance from the main body. It follows the main,
body at such distance that the enemy will be unable to harass
that element. When the enemy pursues rapidly, the rear
guard fights a delaying action by occupying successive posi-
tions. It withdraws from a position before becoming heavily
engaged. Withdrawal is made by bounds, one portion of the
rear guard covering the withdrawal of the remainder. In
some cases the rear guard may have to fight a delaying action
in one position in order to give the main body an opportunity
to retire. In such event, it must hold the position at all costs.
The main body then details a new rear guard
c. The tank platoon may be either part of a rear guard or,
reinforced, It may be the rear guard. Figures 93 and 94 show
formations and methods of operation of the tank platoon as
a rear guard.
104
TANK PLATOON
27
Ficurs 91. — One method of operation of flank guard. Platoon
advances parallel to and roughly abreast of the column. Platoon
leader must know tlie phase lines and time for passing each.
105
27
ARMORED FORCE FIELD MANUAL
TANK PLATOON
27
SUPPORT OR
MAIN BODY
VARIABLE
REAR PARTY
200-300 YDS
MINUTE
REAR POINT
Figure 93. — Rear guard formation, reinforced tank platoon. Recon-
naissance units may be behind the rear guard.
107
27
ARMORED FORCE FIELD MANUAL
108
TANK PLATOON
28
■ 28. Outpost. — a. The mission of the outpost is to protect a
resting command or a defensive position against annoyance,
surprise, and observation by ground forces. At a halt, a
march outpost is first established and next a more detailed
outpost system is established. The tank platoon may be part
of the outpost,
i>. As an outpost the platoon —
(1) Repulses minor enemy attacks,
(2) Establishes outguards to warn of enemy approach,
(3) Prevents enemy ground reconnaissance of the bivouac
area,
c. An outpost establishes a reserve, supports, and outguards.
(See PM 17-10.) It may have detached posts at certain
points. Supports are numbered from right to left. Each
support posts outguards and these are numbered from right
to left in each outguard. (See fig. 95.)
d. The distance of the outpost system from the bivouac de-
pends upon the terrain, weather, duration of the halt, and
proximity of the enemy.
(1) During a short halt, security is posted close by as the
unit should be ready for instant battle. At longer halts, se-
curity Is at such distance that timely warning of enemy ap-
proach may be given and resting troops alerted. V
(2) When the enemy is close, security must be posted
farther out than when the enemy is at a great distance.
This distance is measured in time as well as miles. A motor-
ized or mechanized enemy on ordinary terrain is much closer
in time than is an enemy on foot.
(3) In misty or foggy weather, security is posted close-in,
(4) During daylight, security detachments occupy points
of good observation. At night they occupy lower ground and
especially guard roads. During daylight the number and
strength of security detachments may be less than at night.
(5) In open terrain the strength of security detachments
may be less than in closed terrain.
e. As an outguard, the platoon posts individual tanks to
cover approaches. As a support, the platoon posts outguards.
As part of a support, it may be used to reinforce any threat-
ened post.
466462'
109
28
ARMORED FORCE FIELD MANUAL
/. As part of the reserve, the platoon is used as a counter-
attacking unit. Routes are reconnoitered and plans made
to support any threatened point of the outpost system.
□
DETACHED POST
Figure 95. — Outpost system.
110
TANK PLATOON
28
23 ARMORED FORCE FIELD MANUAL
© Do not move to outpost position without march security, tnereby
permitting the enemy to surprise you.
^3
1 ,0 \
® Mov» in march security formation (advance guard) or covered
by a baited tank.
Piodhe 97. — Moving Into position.
112
TANK PLATOON
28
® Do not cover a dismounted reconnaissance with weapons ol
dismounted men only.
® When local security la necessary to protect a dismounted recon-
naissance, the radio operator or assistant gunner replaces the
absent gunner. The tanks cover the dismounted reconnaissance.
Figure 98. — Covering dismounted reconnaissance personnel.
113
28
ARMORED FORCE FIELD MANUAL
® Before arriving at the outpost position, do not order Individual
tanks to a certain point. The terrain always appears different
than shown on the map. Unnecessary changes of positions are
thus avoided.
® Move entire platoon to the outpost position. Then determine,
from personal reconnaissance, where the individual tanks should
be posted.
Figure 99. — Selecting position for tanks.
114
TANK PLATOON
28
® Do not march to the outpost position without Informing the
platoon as to the situation and mission. If the commander is
killed, his second in command will be ignorant of the situation.
S> The platoon commander, before marching, must inform all tank
commanders as to the situation and mission.
Figure 100. — Inform platoon of mission.
115
28
ARMORED FORCE FIELD MANUAL
Figttre 101. — Upon going into position, the tank commander must
at once determine the range to several terrain features. Thus,
upon the appearance of the enemy, fire can be immediately opened
with the correct range. Ranges to the limit of effectiveness of
the principal weapon will be determined.
Figure 102. — Place the tanks so they can block the important road
with effective Are. This is usually more important than placing
the tanks where observation is good but where the long range
makes fire ineffective against enemy armored vehicles.
116
TANK PLATOON 2S
© Do not halt between hushes, leaving the tank uncovered so enemy
air reconnaissance can quickly locate it.
® Drive the tank Into bushes, leaving it with a good field ol fire
but difficult to recognize from the air.
Figure 103. — Use of concealment.
117
28
ARMORED FORCE FIELD MANUAL
® Allow the oncoming armored car to reach short range so as to
tajte It under destructive Are.
Ptgdhe 104, — Allow hostile vehicles to approach within range before
flring.
118
TANK PLATOON 28
® Do not allow friendly vehicles to pass in the direction of the
enemy without warning of your security post.
® Stop friendly vehicles traveling toward the enemy; ask the mis-
sion; explain the situation and location of your security post.
Figure 105. — Stop friendly vehicles.
119
29
ARMORED FORCE FIELD MANUAL-
■ 29. Covering Detachment. — As a covering detachment, the
platoon precedes the company or battalion from an assembly
position to the line of departure and protects from surprise.
The covering detachment moves on a broad front, 100 to 200
yards between tanks, and precedes the leading echeion by
500 to 1,000 yards.
Figure 106. — Covering detachment.
130
CHAPTER 6
OFFENSIVE ACTION
Paragraphs
Section I. General
,11. Tank crew
III. Tank platoon
30-32
33-35
36 42
Section I
GENERAL
■ 30. General. — Offensive action of armored force units is
discussed in FM 100-5 and'17-10. The tank is primarily an
offensive weapon. Opportunity is sought at all times to
exploit its characteristics of fire power, mobility, armor pro-
tection, and shock action,
■ 31. Formations. — The various formations described herein,
are suited for particular types of operation. They should
be practiced constantly so that one formation may be quickly
assumed from any other formation. (See FM 17-5.)
a. Llne.-i-This formation develops great fire power to the
front. It is suitable for leading waves of the attack when
heavily supported by other weapons. It has no depth. It is
useful for a covering force.
b. Line 0/ sections. — This formation might also be column
of sections. It does not develop as much initial fire power
to the front as does line. However, it lends itself readily to
fire and maneuver, one section occupying firing positions to
protect the advance of the other. The formation is easy to
control,
c. Column. — This formation develops little fire power to
the front. It is useful primarily for approach marches,
passing through heavy woods, and passing defiles. It is easy
to control.
d. Echelon. — This formation is useful for a flank platoon.
It develops great initial fire power either to the front or flank.
It is difficult to control.
121
31
ARMORED FORCE FIELD MANUAL
-ZOO- 800 YDS ■
0^00
LINE
-*— 50-200 YDS-*-
100-
400
YDS
200-
r400-
YDS
LING OF SECTIONS
OJ
ZOO- A
600 O
YDS
200-
400
YDS
COLUMN
ECHELON
RIGHT
ECHELON
LEFT
^-200-400 YDS —
-200-400 YDS
WEDGE
100-
400
YDS
ol
INVERTED WEDGE
Figubs 107. — Formations,
e. Wedge. — Wedge is a modified line -of- sections forma-
tion. It affords good fire power to the front and either flank.
It is easy to control as far as direction is concerned. How-
ever, its fire power is difficult to control due to the fact that
the platoon leader is not in a position to see his sections
readily.
122
TANK PLATOON
31-32
A Inverted wedge. — Without radio, this formation is diffi-
cult to control as far as direction is concerned. However,
when radio is operating, the platoon leader can keep his pla-
toon under close control as he is able to see all tanks and at
the same time search the terrain for targets. He can by
radio readily direct the movement of either section. This
formation often results in combat when the platoon leader
sends one section on an enveloping movement, covers its
movement by the fire of the other section, and orders both
sections to assault when the enveloping section is in position.
■ 32. Installations. — The installations with which the tank
platoon or section is primarily concerned are the assembly
area, attack position, line of departure, and rallying point.
a. Assembly area.' — ■The assembly area is an area in which
troops preparing to attack are assembled. In this area the
tank, platoon checks tanks, makes necessary adjustments on
tanks and equipment, refuels tanks, checks on food and water,
and receives information of the enemy and of the terrain.
Orders for the attack may be issued in the assembly area.
Usually the general plan of attack will be given here and
final orders issued in the attack position. The assembly
area is normally beyond hostile medium artillery range.
b. Attack position. — The attack position is the last covered
or concealed position before the line of departure is reached.
Here last-minute checks are made on vehicles and final orders
Issued. Here the final coordination with infantry is effected.
Tanks must not stay in the attack position more than a few
minutes. A long stay will cause surprise to be lost and will
expose the platoon to hostile artillery fire.
c. Line of departure. — The line of departure is a well-
defined, easily recognizable terrain feature such as a small
stream line or edge of a woods. Separate lines of departure
may be given for individual platoons or companies. This is
particularly true when a portion of the unit is making an
envelopment.
d. Rallying point. — The rallying point is a position where
the unit reorganizes after the attack. It should be a well-
denned, easily recognizable terrain feature. It should afford
concealment. It is usually in front of an objective. An
123
32
ARMORED FORCE FIELD MANUAL
alternate rallying point, usually the attack position, Is desig-
nated to be occupied in case the rallying position is unob-
tainable or untenable. A series of rallying points may be
designated, one for each objective. The platoon leader may
designate a rallying point but ordinarily this point will be
designated by the company commander. At the rallying point
Figure 108. — Installations.
124
TANK PLATOON
32-34
the platoon posts security, reorganizes, makes adjustments in
ammunition, and cares for casualties, and the platoon leader
reports the status of the platoon to the company commander.
Section H
TANK CREW
■ 33. Cooperation. — a. The speed, Are power, armor protec-
tion, and crushing power of the tank must be used to the
utmost. To secure the maximum effectiveness of these
characteristics, the tank commander must control his crew
and the crew must have the maximum of coordination and
cooperation.
fj. The tank commander in accordance with orders of the
platoon or section leader, or on his own initiative when such
orders are lacking, controls the direction of movement by
orders to the driver and controls the Are by orders to the
gunners. Crew members must be trained, however, to act
instinctively. The tank commander should not have to give
long, detailed orders. In fact, he will not have time to do
that. His orders must be brief.
c. The tank commander directs the driver to drive in a
certain direction or on a certain point. From time to time he
tells him to vary the direction as necessary. The driver makes
changes of direction to avoid irregularities in the ground, to
take advantage of good terrain, and to avoid antitank gun fire.
He must not make a sudden change of direction or stop
Without notifying the tank commander and gunner. Such
action will interfere with the aim of the gunners.
d. The tank commander designates targets to the gunners
and controls the Are of the guns by specifying the type of
ammunition, if necessary, and by adjusting Are. The gunner
must instinctively know and use the proper type of am-
munition.
■ 34. Operation. — Figures 109 to 117, inclusive, depict
methods of operation and technique for the individual tank.
486462 '—42 9
125
34
ARMORED FORCE FIELD MANUAL
Figure 109. — Beat down crew of enemy machine gun with fire and
then crush the gun. Tanks are permitted to move somewhat
(about 50 yards) to the right or left of their line of advance to
do this. Beware of antitank mines.
126
TANK PLATOON
34
© Tank No. 1 should not leave its line of advance to crush an
enemy machine gun lying a considerable distance (more than 50
yards) to the right or left.
® Tank No. 1 should hold its line of advance and let tank No. 2
take care of the enemy machine gun. Tank No. 1 may indicate
location of enemy machine gun by firing tracer.
Piouhe 110. — Leaving direction of advance.
127
34 ARMORED FORCE FIELD MANUAL
® Do not disregard members of enemy machine-gun crew who have
fled to shell holes.
® Mop up enemy crew by running over the shell hole.
FIgore 111. — Crush machine guns near direction ol advance. Be-
ware of antitank mines.
128
TANK PLATOON
34
34
ARMORED FORCE FIELD MANUAL
© Do not immediately abandon a tank which has became
immovable.
® Remain in the tank and participate in the combat as long as
passible.
PtoxniE 113. — Abandoning tank.
130
TANK PLATOON
34
131
34
ARMORED FORCE FIELD MANUAL
TANK PLATOON
134
TANK PLATOON
35-37
■ 35. Abandoning Tank. — For procedure in abandoning tank
see FM 17-5.
Section in
TANK PLATOON
■ 36. General. — The tank platoon usually operates as a unit
although sections or individual tanks may operate alone in
certain situations. The platoon commander controls his
tanks by section or by individual tank.
■ 37. First Echelon. — a. Tanks of the first echelon advance
rapidly under support of all available supporting weapons —
artillery, infantry weapons, and other tanks. When they
meet resistance, platoons use fire and maneuver to reduce
that resistance. Tank platoon leaders keep their company
commander constantly informed of the situation, their losses,
enemy resistance, and action taken. Call upon the company
commander for artillery fire as needed.
b. The platoon commander of the leading wave of the first
echelon should comply with the following:
(1) Do not permit tanks to be diverted from their primary
mission by firing at unimportant targets.
(2) When resistance is met, use fire and maneuver.
(3) Select targets and give fire missions to the platoon,
<4) Use speed and terrain to accomplish mission.
(5) After a local attack, concentrate the platoon, reor-
ganize, and continue on mission.
(6) Keep company commander constantly informed of
the situation
c. The tank platoons in the second wave of attack advance
by bounds from firing position to firing position and give
continuous support to the leading wave.
(1) Figure 118 shows diagrammatically a method of ad-
vance and support. The arrows show the bounds made by
each tank in supporting the leading wave. The circled sym-
bols show firing positions taken by each tank,
(2) Tanks of the second wave must advance rapidly be-
hind the first wave. Some tanks must always be within sup-
porting distance. Crews of the tanks in position must be
135
37
ARMORED FORCE FIELD MANUAL
extremely alert for targets. The tank cannot remain in posi-
tion very long as it will become a very vulnerable target.
(3) Tanks emerging from the edge of woods or approach-
ing within 800 yards of a ridge must always be supported by
tanks in position.
(4) .Tank platoons of the second wave may support the
leading wave by indirect Are methods when such methods
can give prompt support.
d. Tank platoons in the second wave of attack protect the
flanks and are ready to repel counterattacks.
I t
Figure 118. — Support at leading wave by second wave.
136
TANK PLATOON 38
ENEMY
A
LEADING WAVE
SECOND WAVE
Figure 119. — A method of support of leading wave by Indirect fire.
■ 38. Second Echelon. — a. The second echelon follows the
first echelon close enough so that the enemy will not have
time to reconstitute his antitank defense. This echelon, in
addition to its mission of destruction of hostile automatic
weapons and antitank guns passed over by the first echelon,
protects the flanks and repels counterattacks from the flanks.
b. Some platoons of the second echelon may be detailed
to support by fire the first echelon. In such operations, their
action is the same as the second wave of the leading echelon.
c. The infantry may attack with the second echelon. The
infantry attacks with the leading wave. The tanks do not
137
38-40
ARMORED FORCE FIELD MANUAL
slow down to the pace of the infantry but keep on moving
fast. Succeeding waves pass through the infantry.
■ 39. Third Echelon. — a. The third echelon of attack usually
attacks with the infantry and assists the infantry to advance.
The infantry may advance with the second echelon (see
par. 38). This echelon will run away from the infantry
and the third echelon of tanks then takes over the task of
assisting the infantry.
b. The infantry may advance behind the second echelon of
attack in carriers until forced to dismount. When the infan-
try is forced to dismount, the tanks first take position to
cover this action and then, assisted by the infantry, attack
the enemy resistance by fire and maneuver.
■ 40. Attack With Infantry. — a. When the infantry attacks
first to secure ground from which a tank attack may be
launched, tanks when practicable take position to assist the
attack by fire. This assistance may be either by direct or
indirect fire, i Targets are machine guns and other auto-
matic weapons. Pill boxes or emplacements may be de-
molished by armor piercing ammunition. The tank platoon
leader is assigned a sector in which to support the infantry.
He may be assigned targets or may fire on targets as they
disclose themselves.
b. When attacking through infantry in position, arrange-
ments are made with the infantry for a passage of lines.
These arrangements include paths to be taken by the tanks
and means for infantrymen to identify themselves so they
will not be run down by the tanks. All members of the tank
crew must be particularly alert to prevent injury to their
own infantry.
c. When attacking with infantry, the following should be
observed when applicable:
(1) The platoon advances by fire and maneuver, one sec-
tion always covering the advance of the Infantry and the
other section.
(2) The platoon joins in the fire fight only against danger-,
ous targets. Do not waste ammunition on hostile riflemen
at long range. The infantry supporting weapons will take
care of that.
138
TANK PLATOON
40
(3) Be prepared to protect the infantry against a mech-
anized attack.
(4) Destroy antitank guns immediately,
(5) If the platoon attacks ahead of the riflemen, hold the
ground gained until the riflemen'close up.
(6) Keep close contact with the rifle unit commander.
CD In approach, do not use a wide formation which may cause part
of the tanks to strike an obstacle and be lost,
© In approach, use a deep formation so the platoon commander has
all the tanks behind him arid can guide or halt them as necessary.
Pict/be 120. — Formation in approach.
139
40
ARMORED FORCE FIELD MANUAL
I
0) Do not begin a Are fight from a deep formation because fire of too
few weapons can be brought into play.
® Begin the Are fight from a wide front so Are power of all weapons
can be Immediately brought into play.
Figuxe 121. — Formation for beginning Are fight.
140
TANK PLATOON
40
1 «
\ !
•! i !
!
j i;°
© Do not move all tanks of the platoon forward at one time. This
causes many targets to be overlooked. Observation from a moving
tank Is difficult.
® Move platoon forward by having some tanks observe while others
move. By alternating movement and halts, the great advantage
ol shooting and observing Irom a stationary tank can be fully
utilized.
Ficube 122. — Method of advance.
486462° — 42 10 141
40
ARMORED FORCE FIELD MANUAL
® Do not have all tanks of the platoon shoot at a discovered antitank
weapon while moving.
® Part of the platoon fires from halted tanks In defilade and the
remainder of the platoon moves to envelop the enemy. The
antitank weapon can usually he destroyed by the well-aimed fire
of stationary tanks.
Figure 123. — Attacking an antitank gun.
142
TANK PLATOON
40
Figuhe 124. — Observe occasionally from a halted tank. The field of
view of the observer (especially In flank tanks) Is Increased toy
halting. Fire against an antitank target can toetter toe observed.
Halt In defilade or concealment.
143
40
ARMORED FORCE FIELD MANUAL
® Do not advance the platoon on an open flank in a line or wedge
formation. In such formation, the observation and ability to
fire to a flank is limited.
® Echelon the platoon on the open flank. In this formation, the
weapons of all tanks have a full field of fire toward the flanks.
Figure 125. — Formation for an open flank.
144
TANK PLATOON
40
© When confronted with both an antitank gun and a machine gun,
do no J attack the machine gun first and thus allow the more
dangerous weapon, the antitank gun, to continue firing.
Destroy
by fixe and movement the enemy antitank gun,
disregarding the less dangerous targets.
Figure 126, — Destroy more dangerous targets.
145
40
ARMORED FORCE FIELD MANUAL
® Do not continue movement when the leading wave of tanks halts.
The platoon then becomes bunched, providing an excellent target
for the enemy. Bunching also limits use of tank weapons.
© When the leading wave of tanks Is stopped, halt the platoon at
once Under cover at a distance from the leading platoon.
Figtjue 127. — Halt platoon when leading wave of tanks stops.
146
TANK PLATOON
40
147
40
ARMORED FORCE FIELD MANUAL
® Do not hold to the mission to fight enemy infantry In spite of
the lact that the leading platoon has suffered heavy losses from
antitank weapons.
©
© When the leading wave has suffered losses from enemy antitank
guns, Immediately abandon the infantry mission and attack, by
fire and movement, the most dangerous weapons.
Figtjki; 129. — Attack more dangerous target.
148
TANK PLATOON
41-42
■ 41. Tank Versus Tank Action. — a. In tank versus tank
action, it is essential that tank crews be able to recognize read-
ily hostile tanks, that they know the capabilities of these tanks,
the vulnerable points at which to fire, and the capabilities of
their own and enemy tank weapons. In tank versus tank
action, every advantage must be taken of terrain, the sun,
direction of wind, weather, and your own weapons.
b. If outranged by hostile weapons the following may be
done:
(1) Move to concealed positions and send some tanks to
the enemy flanks.
(2) Withdraw behind your own antitank gun defenses,
keeping out of range of the enemy weapons.
(3) Close on the enemy at maximum speed, attacking from
direction of the sun if practicable.
c. If your weapons outrange those of the enemy, close to
effective range of your weapons but keep out of range of the
enemy and halt to fire.
■ 42. Attacking Fortifications. — Tanks avoid attacking for-
tifications when possible. However, it may be necessary to
attack bunkers, pill boxes, and fixed gun emplacements in
order to effect a break-through. These fortifications are
attacked by small teams consisting of a tank platoon, an
infantry platoon, and engineers, supported by artillery and
mortars. The method of attack will vary with the terrain,
the armament of the emplacement, and the wind direction.
a. Attacking machine-gun emplacements. — In attacking a
machine-gun emplacement, a section of tanks covered by the
remainder of the platoon rush the emplacement and destroy
it by crushing. If the emplacement cannot be destroyed by
crushing, infantry or engineers following the tanks destroy
the personnel by dropping a grenade in an opening or by
use of a flame thrower.
b. Destroying antitank gun emplacement — In attacking an
antitank gun emplacement, methods must be varied accord-
ing to wind and terrain conditions,
(1) If wind conditions are favorable, that is, from flank or
down range —
(a) Artillery and air bombardment destroy enemy artillery,
149
42
armored force field manual
TANK PLATOON
42
Figure 131, — If you cannot maneuver to the flank or take up
defiladed position, withdraw to your own antitank defense.
151
42
ARMORED FORCE FIELD MANUAL
Ficube 132. — It you cannot withdraw to antitank defenses, close
with enemy at maximum speed and attack him from the sun.
Your supporting mortars should place smoke on the enemy if
within range.
152
TANK PLATOON
42
gtc O O
« 5 —
O o o
IE
4
A
/ \
< >
V
< >
< >
A
< >
\ /
V
V
V
A
/ \
< >
V
< >
EFFECTIVE
RANGE
ENEMY GUNS
800 YARDS
EFFECTIVE
RANGE
YOUR GUNS
1500 YARDS
Figure 133. — ir you outrange the enemy, close to effective range but
keep out of his range.
153
42
ARMORED FORCE FIELD MANUAL
^ ENEMY
® Do not fight an enemy antitank gun when an enemy tank is
approaching; the enemy tank Is the more dangerous weapon.
® From position, defend at once against the enemy tank attack.
Figure 134. — Attack more dangerous target.
© Do not ram an enemy tank. Your own tank may be rendered
useless.
® Destroy enemy tank by Are.
Figure 135. — Do not ram an enemy tank. Destroy it by fire.
154
TANK PLATOON
42
(b) Just before the attack, artillery places a concentration
on the emplacement and adjacent infantry.
(c) Smoke is placed on the emplacement and those ad-
jacent.
(d) The tanks, followed closely by engineers and infantry,
rush forward- The tanks crush the protecting wire and the
infantry and engineers destroy the hostile gun crew.
(e) Infantry automatic weapons keep down the fire of ad-
jacent riflemen. After the emplacement is taken, tanks and
infantrymen destroy the adjacent troops.
(2) If wind direction is not right, that is, if it is blowing
toward you, the procedure is as follows:
(a) Artillery and air bombardment is used as in (1) above.
(b) Smoke adjacent emplacements.
(c) Infantry protected by automatic weapons and fire of
one section of tanks moves forward.
(d) One section of tanks precedes the infantry.
(e) The other section of tanks fires on the loopholes of the
emplacement.
(/) The leading section of tanks finds a good position and
brings fire on the loopholes and the rear section then advances.
(g) One section of tanks crushes protective wire while
other section covers this action.
(h) Infantry and engineers then destroy the emplacement,
c. Attacking emplacements by platoon alone, — Should the
platoon have to attack the emplacement alone, use 75-mm
smoke shell to blind the defenders while one sections rushes
the emplacement.
155
CHAPTER VII
DEFENSE
■ 43. General. — Defensive action by armored units is covered
in PM 100-5 and PM 17-10. Tank plattons in defense are
used as counterattacking units. They are not used as ar-
mored pill boxes.
■ 44. Procedure in Defense. — a. The tank platoon will be part
of a larger unit used as a counterattacking force. This force
makes limited objective attacks. The platoon functions as in
any other attack.
b. When in a defense position the tank platoon leader, his
tank commanders, and drivers make a thorough reconnais-
sance of the ground over which they may attack. Several
plans of attack may be given and the ground over which each
will take place must be thoroughly known. Some of this
reconnaissance must be made on foot. Landmarks must be
noted and complete plans made for the attack.
■ 45. Withdrawal. — a. The tank platoon will usually be part
of a larger force. With this force it makes fast limited objec-
tive attacks to disorganize the enemy and then rapidly with-
draws. In this action the platoon may be used to give sup-
porting fires as in offensive' action.
b. The platoon may also be used to cover road blocks. In
such action, tanks take position where they can cover by fire
the approaches to the road block and also be mutually sup-
porting in case the enemy sends dismounted men around the
block.
156
it,
AitMdaEfi f6rce FiELb ManuAL
INDEX
Paragraphs Page
Abandoning tank 35 125
Advance party 25 85
Ammunition 9-11 30
Antitank guns 11,34,4031,125,139
Artillery support 13,25 54.85
Assembly area 23,32 85,123
Attack :
Kchelons 37-39, 41 135, 149
Formations 31 121
Of antitank guns 11,34,40 31,
125 138
Of fortifications 42 ' 149
Position 32 123
Tank crew In 33 125
Tank platoon in... 36-42 135
Tank versus tank 41 149
With infantry 40 138
Bivouac 22 73
Characteristics ,. 3 1
Control 12 54
Cooperation 33 125
Coordination 4 3
Covering detachment 29 120
Defense 43, 44 156
Echelons of attack 4,37-39 3,135
Fire and maneuver 4 3
Fire control 12 54
Flank guard 26 104
Formations 31 ■ 121
Fortification, attack 43 349
Fundamentals 4, 37 3, 135
Halts 17,21 00,73
Infantry, attack with 40 138
Installations 32 123
Line of departure 32 123
Maintenance 18 60
Marches:
Discipline . . 15 59
Distance _ ., 16 60
General - 15 59
Halts 17 60
Maintenance 18 60
Rate - 16 60
Security --- 20.21.25 2 7 70,73,85
Mass 4 3
153
INDEX
Offensive action: Paragraphs Page
Abandoning tanks 35 125
Attacking fortification 42 149
Attack with infantry. 40 138
Cooperation 33 125
Echelons of attack... 4,37-39 3,135
Formations 31 121
General 30 121
InstaSlation 32 123
Tank crew 33-35 125
Tank platoon 36^2 135
Tank versus tank 41 149
Operation, tank 34 125
Orders 13 54
Organization 2 1
Outpost 28 109
Radio 12, 15, 20 54.59,70
Rallying point. ._ 24.32 85. 123
Rate of march.- 16 60
Rear guard 27 104
Reconnaissance , 14,26 55.104
Security :
Advance party 25 85
Assembly urea 23 85
Bivouac 22 73
Covering detachment 29 120
Flank guard _ 26 104
General 19 70
Halt 21 75
March 20 70
Outpost 28 109
Rear guard.. _ 27 104
Smoke .. 10 3o
Surprise 4 3
Tank crew „ .. 33 -35 125
Tank platoon 36-42 13a
Tank versus tank i 41 149
Terrain 7,8 8.9
Training;
Ammunition .. 9-11 30
General . 5 6
Procedure _ 6 7
Terrain 7,8 a, 9
Weapon 9.11 30.31
Withdrawal ... 45 156
Weapons 9-11.25 30.85
o
[lit*