Document text
ARATA HTAR IS 18183 : 2023
Indian Standard
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AT Us er yrfa goe —
farfsre
Point of Use Water Purification
System for Arsenic Reduction —
Specification
ICS 130.060.01
© BIS 2023
STRE Ash aT
BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS
HAR HAF, 9 gert SITE HHL AMT, Ay ect - 110002
‘en’ MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG
NEW DELHI - 110002
www.bis.gov.in www.standardsbis.in
May 2023 Price Group 6
Water Purification Systems Sectional Committee, FAD 30
FOREWORD
This Indian Standard was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards, after the draft finalized by the Water
Purification Systems Sectional Committee had been approved by the Food and Agriculture Division Council.
Arsenic is a naturally occurring trace element found in rocks, soils and the water in contact with them. Arsenic
have shown to cause widespread health effects in humans as a consequence of exposure through drinking-water
when present in excessive quantities. Arsenic in soil is mainly derived from its parent rock material, weathering
of rocks converting arsenic rich metal sulphides to arsenic trioxides which eventually find its way to into ground
water. Long-term intake of arsenic contaminated water leads to arsenic poisoning or arsenicosis, skin damage
including keratosis and skin cancer, internal cancers such as that of the lung and bladder, and diseases of the
vascular system.
A significant population of the country faces a major health risk due to arsenic contaminated drinking water as
many states are reported to be affected by arsenic contamination of groundwater above the permissible level.
Taking cognizance of this situation, the need was felt for formulation of Indian standard for Point of Use (POU)
water purifier that reduces Arsenic in water to safe level for potable application. The standard establishes
minimum requirements for design and construction, performance, and testing of materials that come in contact
with treated water.
The composition of the committee responsible for formulation of the standard is listed in Annex B .
For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this standard is complied with, the final value,
observed or calculated, expressing the result of a test or analysis, shall be rounded off in accordance with
IS 2 : 2022 ‘Rules for rounding off numerical values (second revision).’ The number of significant places retained
in the rounded-off value should be the same as that of the specified value in this standard.
IS 18183 : 2023
Indian Standard
POINT OF USE WATER PURIFICATION SYSTEM FOR
ARSENIC REDUCTION — SPECIFICATION
1SCOPE
1.1 This Standard prescribes requirements, method
of sampling and test of media/resin based PoU water
purifier that reduces Arsenic in water to safe level
for potable application.
1.2 This standard does not cover membrane based
PoU water treatment systems for removal of Arsenic
in drinking water. A separate Indian Standard
IS 16240 for RO based PoU water treatment system
for drinking purposes specifies requirement for
reduction of arsenic contamination along with other
contaminants.
2 REFERENCES
The standards listed below contain provisions,
which, through reference in this text, constitute
provisions of this standard. At the time of
publication, the editions indicated were valid. All
standards are subject to revision, and parties to
agreements based on this standard are encouraged to
investigate the possibility of applying the most
recent editions of the standards listed below:
IS No. Title
IS 302 (Part 1): Safety of household and similar
2008 electrical appliances: Part 1
General requirement (sixth
revision)
IS 3025 Method of sampling and test
(Part 37) : 2022 (physical and chemical) for
water and waste water: Part 37
Arsenic (second revision)
IS 9845: 1998 Determination of overall
migration of constituents of
plastics material and articles
intended to come in contact with
foodstuffs — Method of
analysis (second revision)
IS 10500 : 2012 Drinking Water — Specification
(second revision)
IS 16240: 2015 Reverse osmosis (RO) based
point-of-use (PoU) water
treatment system for drinking
purposes — Specification
3 TERMINOLOGY
For the purpose of this standard the following
definitions shall apply:
3.1 Arsenic — It is a chemical element with symbol
‘As’ and atomic number 33. Arsenic is notoriously
poisonous to multicellular life in its inorganic form.
3.2 Media — Active material used for the removal
of Arsenic.
3.3 Resin — The solid resin is typically an elastic
three-dimensional hydrocarbon network containing
a large number of ionizable groups electrostatically
bound to the resin. These groups are exchanged for
ions of similar charge in solution that have a stronger
exchange affinity (that is., selectivity) for the resin.
Arsenic removal may be accomplished by
continuously passing water under pressure through
one or more columns packed with strong-base anion
(SBA) exchange resin.
3.4 Drinking Water —Water that is intended for
human consumption for drinking and cooking
purpose from any source in compliance with the
acceptable levels specified in the IS 10500
‘Drinking water — Specification’.
3.5 Daily Production Rate — The volume of
product water produced by a system per day.
3.6 Point-of-use Arsenic Removal System — A
plumbed-in or faucet-mounted system used to treat
the feed water containing arsenic from a single tap
for direct consumption or use, but not used to treat
the water majority of the facility or for distribution
3.7 Lifetime Purification Capacity — Total
volume of drinking water, produced by the purifier,
that is within safe limits specified for arsenic.
3.8 Flow Control — A device for controlling the
flow rate of a specified stream, specified as litres per
minute (lpm) or litres per hour (Iph).
3.9 Product Water — Water that has been treated
by a system.
3.10 Influent Challenge Level — The standard test
water containing specified contaminants entering a
system for evaluation. Competing ions that impair
arsenic reduction ability of purification system
should be specified.
3.11 Chemical Reduction — A reduction in the
quantity of arsenic in drinking water.
IS 18183 : 2023
3.12 Contaminant — An undesirable physical,
chemical or microbiological substance or parameter
in water that may have an adverse health effect,
aesthetic effect or both.
3.13 Treatment Technique (TT) — A process
intended to reduce the level of or remove a
contaminant in drinking water.
4 CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS
4.1 Inlet Port
The inlet port shall be so designed that it can be
connected to the tap, or it can be such that water can
easily be poured/fed into the system via this inlet
port.
4.2 Method of Mounting
The units for domestic use shall facilitate wall-
mounting or counter top, under the sink installation
etc.
4.3 Main Components and Installation
4.3.1 Arsenic water purifier shall have the following
components if it is a stand-alone unit:
a) Sediment Filter/Clarity Filter: An effective
filtration system required to remove the
suspended solids like fine particles from
water and to remove the turbidity before
Arsenic treatment; and
b) Filter or media for the removal of Arsenic
from water.
4.3.2 Arsenic water purifier may have regeneration
option and/or back wash option (flushing
mechanism) if provided by the manufacturer.
Arsenic water purifier may have power supply
depending on the technology. Power Supply may
not be required in case of Arsenic water purifier
which are based on media based purification only.
4.4 Material for Construction
4.4.1 Materials in contact with water shall comply
with the overall migration limits of 60 mg/l, max for
various plastic materials when tested by the method
prescribed in IS 9845.
4.4.2 Those surfaces of the components of the
purifier, which are expected to get wetted by the
flow of water through the purifier, shall be made of
corrosion-resistant materials or shall have
corrosion-resistant treatment or coating of food
grade quality. The coatings when applied shall not
be soluble in water and shall not peel off at the
maximum flow-velocity expected at the surface.
4.4.3 The materials used for construction of the filter
chamber shall be pressure resistant to the extent of
maximum pressure exerted by the booster pressure.
All the material shall be non-leaching type up to the
time duration, which is declared by the
manufacturer.
4.4.4 All materials which are expected to get wetted
by the flow of water through the purifier shall be of
food grade material.
4.4.5 Process Media
The manufacturer shall declare the generic
technology of arsenic removal and chemicals used
in the same including regeneration/back
washing/sludge disposal requirement in the user
guide of the consumer without compromising their
right to patent. Used or spent media/filter shall be
taken back by the manufacturer for disposal in an
environmentally safe manner, according to
guidelines specified in the Hazardous and Other
Wastes (Management | and | Transboundary
Movement) Rules, 2016.
5 PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS
5.1 General
A PoU Arsenic water purifier system shall be so
designed and constructed that its intended purpose is
accomplished when installed and operated in
accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.
52 Flow Control
If the performance of a system or component is
dependent on a specified flow rate, a pre-set flow
control shall be provided as an integral part of the
system to regulate the flow.
5.3 Arsenic Reduction
5.3.1 The system shall reduce the Arsenic
concentration in the influent challenge to less than
or equal to 0.01mg/l which is as per the maximum
acceptable limit specified in IS 10500, when tested
as per IS 3025 (Part 37). For testing, the influent
challenge water shall have minimum 0.30 mg/l of
Arsenic.
5.3.2 There are two forms of arsenic: pentavalent
arsenic (also called As (V), As (+5), and arsenate)
and trivalent arsenic (also called As, As (+3),
and arsenite). Arsenic reduction is often species
dependent. Trivalent arsenic is generally more
difficult to reduce from drinking water than
pentavalent arsenic. Trivalent arsenic, however, can
be converted to pentavalent arsenic in the presence
of an effective oxidant such as free chlorine.
5.3.3 The maximum operating Arsenic level in feed
water, or the arsenic removal limit, shall be declared
by the manufacturer. Reduction claims may be made
for:
a) Pentavalent arsenic only; and
b) Total arsenic reduction (trivalent and
pentavalent both).
To qualify for total arsenic reduction claim, a water
treatment system shall pass the test for pentavalent
arsenic (Arsenate) reduction in accordance with
5.3.3.1, and also pass a separate test for trivalent
arsenic (Arsenite) reduction in accordance 5.3.3.2.
5.3.3.1 Influent challenge water for testing of
pentavalent arsenic (arsenate) reduction
To achieve challenge level of 0.30 mg/l of arsenate
in solution, the test water may be generated by
adding sodium salt of Arsenic (Na2HAsO4.7H20) to
demineralized water to achieve a concentration of
1.28 mg/l of sodium arsenate. This will yield
pentavalent arsenic solution (also known as
arsenate, As(V), As (+5)). Apart from Arsenic (V),
the challenge water shall contain the ions in
IS 18183 : 2023
specified concentrations as given in Table 1.
Alternatively test water may be prepared at
challenge level specified by manufacturer. The
pentavalent arsenic reduction test shall be performed
at pH 6.5 and 8.5. Analysis shall be done on product
water, only after adequate flushing of the system is
carried out as specified by manufacturer.
5.3.2.2. Influent challenge water for testing of total
Arsenic reduction (Arsenate + Arsenite)
Dissolve sodium arsenite (NaAsOz) in deionized
water to achieve the desired challenge
concentration. For the challenge concentration of
0.30 mg/l, a concentration of 0.52 mg/l sodium
arsenite shall be required. Apart from Arsenic (III),
the challenge water shall contain the ions in
specified concentrations as given in Table 2.
Alternatively test water may be prepared at
challenge level specified by manufacturer. The
trivalent arsenic reduction test shall be performed at
pH 6.5 and 8.5. Analysis shall be done on product
water, only after adequate flushing of the system is
carried out as specified by manufacturer.
Table 1 Composition of Challenge Water for Testing of Arsenate [As(V)] Reduction Efficacy
(Clause 5.3.3.1)
SI No. Parameter Concentration
(1) (2) (3)
i) Mg? 12 mg/l
ii) NO* as N 2 mg/l
lii) F 1 mg/l
iv) SiO; 20 mg/l
v) PO4* as P 0.04 mg/l
vi) Ca?* 40 mg/l
vii) As(V) 0.3 mg/l
viii) Residual Free 0.25 mg/l — 0.75 mg/l
Chlorine
ix) pH 6.5 € 0.25 and 8.5 € 0.25
X) Turbidity < 1 NTU
Table 2 Composition of Challenge Water for Testing of Arsenite [As(III)] Reduction Efficacy
(Clause 5.3.3.2)
SI No. Parameter Concentration
(1) (2) (3)
i) Mg? 12 mg/l
ii) NO* as N 2 mg/l
iii) F 1 mg/l
iv) SiO» 20 mg/l
IS 18183 : 2023
Table 2 (Concluded)
SI No. Parameter Concentration
(1) (2) (3)
v) PO4* as P 0.04 mg/l
vi) Ca?* 40 mg/l
vii) As(III) 0.3 mg/l
viii) pH 6.5 + 0.25 and 8.5 + 0.25
ix) Dissolved oxygen «0.5 mg/l
X) Turbidity < 1 NTU
5.4 Daily Production and Life of the Filter Media
5.4.1 Daily production capacity for the purified
water should not be less than 40 litres and
manufacturer should declare the minimum flowrate.
5.4.2 The manufacturer shall declare the life of the
cartridge used for Arsenic removal in terms of litres
of water purified, calculated at the level of
maximum contaminant level claimed by the
manufacturer. There should be mechanism to ensure
the flow of water does not exceed maximum flow
supported for purification. There can be an
additional provision for automatic cut-off when the
flow is exceeded. If manufacturer suggests the
regeneration of the media, a detailed procedure and
the required attachments are to be provided by the
manufacturer.
5.5 Electrical Safety
5.5.1 If the system works on electricity, the entire
electrical circuit shall be insulated from the purifier
such that the system shall not have excessive
leakage current when tested in accordance with 13
of IS 302 (Part 1).
5.5.2 The system shall be able to withstand high
voltage test when tested in accordance with 13 of IS
302 (Part 1).
5.5.3 The system shall have provision for earthing in
accordance with 27.5 of IS 302 (Part 1). AII parts of
metallic construction shall be permanently and
reliably connected to an earthing termination within
the purifier and shall be free of rough or sharp edges
or other hazards that may cause injury to persons
adjusting, servicing, or using the system.
NOTE — Class II appliances and Class III appliances shall
have no provision of earthing.
5.6 Power Supply
The system shall work on electrical supply up to and
including 250 V, 50 Hz for Single Phase and up to
and including 440 V, 50 Hz for Three Phase.
5.7 Hydrostatic Pressure Test
5.7.1 Systems designed for working at atmospheric
pressure shall be exempted from hydrostatic
pressure test, but should be water tight under normal
use.
5.7.2 Pressurized water treatment systems shall be
tested by hydrostatic test at pressure of 294.24 kPa,
or recommended working pressure, whichever is
higher.
5.7.3 Leakage of the unit to be tested by closing the
outlet of the purifier. There shall not be any leakage
from any of the joints, bowls, connectors etc when
the pressurized unit is held for 15 min. Initially,
hydrostatic pressure to be raised slowly so that the
required pressure is reached within 5 min.
5.7.4 The pressurization to be done on the entire unit
from the Inlet port till the outlet port at 196.16 kPa
pressure.
5.7.5 Manufacturer should specify pressure head
required for pushing water through the system, for
units not running on electrical power.
6 MAINTENANCE OF THE PRODUCT
6.1 Most of the Arsenic removal systems contain a
replaceable treatment component critical for
effective reduction of Arsenic. The product water
shall be tested periodically by maintenance service
provider to verify that the system is performing
satisfactorily. Alternatively, there can be mechanism
to indicate the consumer about the performance of
filter or media periodically and when the filter life is
exhausted an indicator or such mechanism which
can communicate to consumer about filter or media
replacement or regeneration can be given.
6.2 For all filtration components such as sediment
filter (1f present), activated carbon filter (if present)
and arsenic removal cartridge, manufacturer shall
declare the maximum possible life in terms of liters
of water, which can be processed through each filter.
Factors affecting the performance of the filters shall
be mentioned. All this information shall be provided
in the user manual.
6.3 Leaving the media/resin dry could impair its
arsenic reduction capability. The design should
provide for the water lock system to retain water for
up to about a month in case filter is unused for some
time.
6.4 The manufacturer shall give explicit instructions
in the user manual about the cleaning or back
flushing of the unit.
7 CAUTION
The manufacturer shall explicitly state the following
caution on the label of the Arsenic removal system
“Arsenic removal system is not recommended for
water containing arsenic above 0.30 mg/l
concentration."
8 MARKING
8.1 A name plate shall be fixed on the body of the
purifier, at a conspicuous location. The name plate
shall be marked with the following details:
a) Brand name;
b) Production serial number;
c) Model name or code;
d) Maximum flow-rate in l/h;
e) Life of the cartridges;
IS 18183 : 2023
f) Arsenic reduction percent; and
g) Supply voltage whether single or three-
phase, frequency, volts and wattage (if
electrically operated).
8.2 BIS CERTIFICATION MARKING
The product may also be marked with the BIS
Standard Mark. The use of the Standard Mark 1s
governed by the provisions of the Bureau of Indian
Standards Act, 2016 and the Rules and Regulations
framed thereunder. The details of conditions under
which the license for the use of the Standard Mark
may be granted to manufacturers or producers may
be obtained from the Bureau of Indian Standards.
9 PACKING
The packing of purifiers shall be as agreed to
between the purchaser and the manufacturer.
10 INSTRUCTION MANUAL
An instruction manual for the proper method of
operation and use of the purifier shall be supplied
along with the purifier. It shall also include the life
and specification of all the filters/consumables.
11 SAMPLING
Representative samples of the arsenic removal
systems shall be drawn and the criteria of
conformity to this standard shall be established
according to the method described in Annex A.
IS 18183 : 2023
ANNEX A
(Clause 11)
SAMPLING PLAN FOR POU ARSENIC REMOVER
A-1 Samples of Product water shall be collected
after emptying the storage tank (if available). Allow
at least 1 litre of product water to flow and collect
sample. While collecting challenge test water, care
must be taken that the sampling point is just before
the entry into the product When the Arsenic
remover is new, follow manufacturer's instruction
for flushing before initiating any tests. Use
challenge water for this purpose.
A-2 Arsenic Removal Efficiency Testing
Conduct Arsenic reduction tests on 3 different
products independently. Challenge water shall be
made in accordance to claims of Arsenate or Total
Arsenic reduction as per levels given in Tables 1 and
2 respectively. Make sure Arsenic solution do not
precipitate while preparing challenge water.
Challenge water is to be prepared in chlorine-free
deionized water. Testing Laboratories shall
standardize the sequence of addition of Arsenic salts
into Challenge water to avoid precipitation.
Three units shall be conditioned in accordance with
the manufacturer's instruction using test waters
specified in the above table. The Units shall be tested
using the appropriate influent challenge water at the
maximum input water pressure prescribed by the
manufacturer.
A- 3 Sampling Frequency
The samples are to be collected at O percent,
25 percent, 50 percent, 75 percent, 100 percent and
120 percent of the life claimed by the manufacturer.
Both challenge water and the post water is to be
collected at the same time and is to be analyzed.
Initial sampling is to be done after conditioning of
the unit as specified by the manufacturer.
A-4 Summary of Method
To check the Arsenic reduction claim, the system
shall reduce the level of the Arsenic concentration
from the influent challenge level to less than or equal
to the maximum acceptable limit of 0.010 mg/l in all
product water samples.
IS 18183 : 2023
ANNEX B
(Foreword)
COMMITTEE COMPOSITION
Water Purification Systems Sectional Committee, FAD 30
Organization
CSIR - National Environmental Engineering Research
Institute, Nagpur
Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai
Bhavan's Research Center (Microbiology), Mumbai
CSIR - Central Food Technological Research Institute,
Mysore
CSIR - Institute of Minerals and Materials
Technology, Bhubaneswar
CSIR - Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research
Institute, Bhavnagar
CSIR - National Environmental Engineering Research
Institute, Nagpur
Christian Medical College, Vellore
Confederation of Indian Industry, New Delhi
Consumer Education and Research
Ahmedabad
Centre,
Consumer Electronics and Appliances Manufacturers
Association, Noida
Department of Science and Technology, New Mehrauli
Road, New Delhi
Development Alternatives, New Delhi
Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and
Industry, New Delhi
Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi
Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai
Indian Plumbing Association, New Delhi
Representative(s)
DR P.K. LABHASETWAR (Chairperson)
DR S. T. PANICKER
SHRI T. K. DEY (Alternate)
DR SANDHYA SHRIVASTAVA
DR NISHITH DESAI (Alternate)
DR UMESH HEBBAR
SHRI KESHAVA MURTHY. P. (Alternate)
DR JAYANT KUMAR POTHAL
SHRI DEBABRATA SINGH (Alternate)
DR V. K. SHAHI
DR NOOR AFSHAN KHAN
SHRI PRANAV NAGARNAIK (Alternate)
PROF VENKATA RAGHAVA MOHAN
DR DILIP ABRAHAM (Alternate)
SHRI J. S. K. SRINIVASAN
Ms MAMTA ARORA BUDHIRAJA (Alternate)
MS ANINDITA MEHTA
MS KARUNA CHAUHAN (Alternate)
SHRI SRINIVASAN MOTURI
SHRI ADITYA ANIL (Alternate)
DR RAJIV K. TAYAL
DR NEELIMA ALAM (Alternate)
DR K. VIJAYA LAKSHMI
MS NEHA AGGARWAL (Alternate)
MS KIRTIKA ARORA
PROF SHAIKH ZIAUDDIN AGAMMAD
PROF T. PRADEEP
DR LiGY PHILIP (Alternate)
SHRI MUKESH ASIJA
IS 18183 : 2023
Organization
Indian Water Works Association, Mumbai
Ministry of Environment Forest and Climate Change,
New Delhi
Ministry of Jal Shakti, New Delhi
National Chemical Laboratory, Pune
National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases,
Kolkata
National Institute of Virology, Pune
Safe Water Network, New Delhi
Water Quality India Association, Mumbai
In Personal Capacity (Villa#69, Skanda Avani Layout,
Hadosiddapura, off Sarjapur Road -560035)
In Personal Capacity (534, 29th Main, 11th cross, HSR
layout Ist sector, 560102)
In Personal Capacity (ICMR NIRTH Complex -
482003)
BIS Directorate General
Representative(s)
DR M. S. SATYANARAYANA
SHRI ANIL KUMAR GUPTA (Alternate)
DR SONU SINGH
SHRI P. K. MISHRA (Alternate)
DR D. RAJASHEKHAR
DR ULHAS KHARUL
DR SHANTA DUTTA
SHRI ASISH K. MUKHOPADHY AY (Alternate)
DR KAVITA LOLE
DR SHAILESH PAWAR (Alternate)
SHRI RAVINDRA SEWAK
SHRIMATI POONAM SEWAK (Alternate I)
DR SHVETA MAHAJAN (Alternate ID)
DR NEERAJ GUPTA
DRT. N. V. V. RAO
DR S. MURALIDHARA RAO
DR TAPAS CHAKMA
SHRIMATI SUNEETI TOTEJA, SCIENTIST ‘E’/DIRECTOR
DIRECTOR AND HEAD (FOOD AND AGRICULTURE)
[REPRESENTING DIRECTOR GENERAL (Ex-officio)]
Member Secretary
SHRIMATI NITASHA DOGER
SCIENTIST ‘D’/JOINT DIRECTOR
(FOOD AND AGRICULTURE), BIS
Bureau of Indian Standards
BIS is a statutory institution established under the Bureau of Indian Standards Act, 2016 to promote harmonious
development of the activities of standardization, marking and quality certification of goods and attending to
connected matters in the country.
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the prior permission in writing of BIS. This does not preclude the free use, in the course of implementing the
standard, of necessary details, such as symbols and sizes, type or grade designations. Enquiries relating to
copyright be addressed to the Head (Publication & Sales), BIS.
Review of Indian Standards
Amendments are issued to standards as the need arises on the basis of comments. Standards are also reviewed
periodically; a standard along with amendments is reaffirmed when such review indicates that no changes are
needed; if the review indicates that changes are needed, it is taken up for revision. Users of Indian Standards
should ascertain that they are in possession of the latest amendments or edition by referring to the website-
www.bis.gov.in or www.standardsbis.
This Indian Standard has been developed from Doc No.:FAD 30 (16541).
Amendments Issued Since Publication
Amend No. Date of Issue Text Affected
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