NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS) 20130000607: Visible Light Responsive Catalysts Using Quantum Dot-Modified Ti02 for Air and Water Purification

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Abstract for the section ICES302: AlChe - Physio-Chemical Life Support 
Process Development at the 43 nd International Conference on Environmental 
Systems (ICES) 

Title: Visible Light Responsive Catalysts Using Quantum Dot-Modified Ti0 2 for 
Air and Water Purification 

Authors: Janelle L. Coutts 1 , Lanfang H. Levine 2 , Jeffrey T. Richards 3 , Paul E. Hintze 4 , Christian 
A. Clausen 5 

Authors: 

Janelle L. Coutts, Lanfang H. Levine, Jeffrey T. Richards - Engineering Services Contract - 
Team QNA, Kennedy Space Center, FL 32899 

Paul Hintze - NASA Materials Science Division, NE-L, Kennedy Space Center, FL 32899 
Christian Clausen - Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816 

Abstract: 

The method of photocatalysis utilizing titanium dioxide, Ti0 2 , as the catalyst has been widely 
studied for trace contaminant control for both air and water applications because of its low 
energy consumption and use of a regenerable catalyst. Titanium dioxide requires ultraviolet light 
for activation due to its band gap energy of 3.2 eV. Traditionally, Hg-vapor fluorescent light 
sources are used in PCO reactors and are a setback for the technology for space application due 
to the possibility of Hg contamination. The development of a visible light responsive (VLR) 
Ti0 2 -based catalyst could lead to the use of solar energy in the visible region (-45% of the solar 
spectrum lies in the visible region; > 400 nm) or highly efficient LEDs (with wavelengths > 400 
nm) to make PCO approaches more efficient, economical, and safe. Though VLR catalyst 
development has been an active area of research for the past two decades, there are few 
commercially available VLR catalysts; those that are available still have poor activity in the 
visible region compared to that in the UV region. Thus, this study was aimed at the further 
development of VLR catalysts by a new method - coupling of quantum dots (QD) of a narrow 
band gap semiconductor (e.g., CdS, CdSe, PbS, ZnSe, etc.) to the Ti0 2 by two preparation 
methods: 1) photodeposition and 2) mechanical alloying using a high-speed ball mill. A library 
of catalysts was developed and screened for gas and aqueous phase applications, using ethanol 
and 4-chlorophenol as the target contaminants, respectively. Both target compounds are well 
studied in photocatalytic systems serve as model contaminants for this research. Synthesized 
catalysts were compared in terms of preparation method, type of quantum dots, and dosage of 
quantum dots. 

'Scientist II, Craig Technologies (a teammate of ESC-Team QNA), Mail Code: ESC-24, 

Kennedy Space Center, FL 32899 

2 Senior Research Chemist, Enterprise Advisory Services, Inc. (a teammate of ESC-Team QNA), 
Mail Code: ESC-24, Kennedy Space Center, FL 32899 and AIAA senior member 

3 Research Scientist, Stinger Ghaffarian Technologies (a teammate of ESC-Team QNA), Mail 
Code: ESC-24, Kennedy Space Center, FL 32899 



4 Chemist, NASA Materials Science Division, NE-L, Mail Code: NE-L6, Kennedy Space Center, 
FL 32899 

5 Professor of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, 4000 Central Florida Blvd., Orlando, FL 
32816 

Bio: 

Janelle Coutts is a Scientist II with Craig Technologies at Kennedy Space Center under the 
Engineering Services Contract. In 2008, she earned a bachelor’s degree in Chemistry at the 
University of Central Florida in Orlando, and is currently in her 5 lh year of the Materials 
Chemistry Ph.D. program at the same university. For the past three years, she has worked as part 
of the Analytical and Biological Capabilities Lab with the Advanced Life Support Group at 
KSC, focusing on air revitalization and photocatalytic oxidation of volatile organic compounds. 
Janelle has also focused on research involving environmental remediation of hazardous 
chemicals in some of her graduate research with the Industrial Chemistry Lab at UCF, while her 
main dissertation research focuses on her KSC work.