Document text
Principal Investigator: Bernard Lafont
Organization: NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ALLERGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES
Fiscal Year: 2020
Award: $947,283
Funding agency: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
Viruses of the Coronaviridae family are enveloped viruses that possess a large (30kb), single-stranded, positive sense, RNA genome that infect a large number of mammals (alpha and beta coronaviruses) and birds (gamma coronaviruses). Four different seasonal coronaviruses (two alpha coronaviruses, 229E and NL63, and two beta coronaviruses, OC43 and HKU1) circulate in humans worldwide. The consequences of these infections, the common cold, are generally benign, but pneumonia with severe complications may occur in children, the elderly and immunocompromised individuals. However, as many animal species harbor unique coronaviruses, a jump from animal to humans can occur and may result in persistent circulation in the human population.
In the past 18 years, three major zoonotic outbreaks linked to coronaviruses have occurred resulting in significant mortality and morbidity. Between 2002 and 2004, the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) infected more than 8,000 people in 29 countries with a case fatality rate of 11%. SARS circulated in bats, jumped to civets, and was then transmitted to humans. The Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS) was first detected in a cluster of cases in the Arabic peninsula in 2012 and subsequently spread to 27 countries. More than 2,500 people have been infected, resulting in 866 deaths. Like SARS, MERS originated from bats. Camels now serve as the animal reservoir for MERS and remain a source for human infections.
The explosive emergence of the third pathogenic coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, presents an enormous threat to public health. In mid-December 2019, a new respiratory disease named COVID-19 was identified in patients in the city of Wuhan (Hubei province, China). COVID-19 is characterized by a variety of symptoms including fever, cough, sore throat, shortness of breath, myalgia, fatigue, headache, loss of smell and taste, diarrhea, nausea or vomiting. In 10-20% of cases, the disease can lead to serious clinical complications requiring hospitalization and intubation for respiratory support. Rapid spread across the globe occurred thereafter. As of August 2020, SARS-CoV-2 has affected 188 countries and resulting in more than 24 million laboratory confirmed cases and 821,000 deaths worldwide. Countermeasures are urgently required.
In support of the biomedical response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Division of Intramural Research of the National institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases created an intramural core facility to support high-containment research on SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19. This project describes the activities of this facility.
Terms: <0-11 years old><2019 novel coronavirus><2019-nCoV><Aching muscles><Acute Nasopharyngitis><Affect><Animal Model><Animal Models and Related Studies><Animals><Antiviral Agents><Antiviral Drugs><Antivirals><Aves><Avian><Bats><Benign><Biology><Birds><Blood Circulation><Bloodstream><COVID-19><COVID-19 epidemic><COVID-19 pandemic><COVID19><COVID19 epidemic><COVID19 pandemic><Camels><Case Fatality Rates><Cephalalgia><Cephalgia><Cephalodynia><Cessation of life><Child><Child Youth><Children (0-21)><China><Chiroptera><Circulation><Cities><Civet Cats><Civets><Clinical><Clinical Research><Clinical Study><Clinical Treatment Moab><CoV emergence><Common Cold><Containment><Core Facility><Coronaviridae><Coronavirus><Coughing><Country><Cranial Pain><Death><Development><Diarrhea><Disease><Disease Outbreaks><Disorder><Elderly><Emesis><Environment><Evolution><Family><Fatigue><Fever><Genome><Goals><Gustation><Head Pain><Headache><Hospital Admission><Hospitalization><Human><Immunity><Immunocompromised><Immunocompromised Host><Immunocompromised Patient><Immunosuppressed Host><Individual><Infection><Institutes><Intramural Program><Intramural Research><Intramural Research Program><Intubation><Investigators><Laboratories><Lack of Energy><Lead><Link><Lung diseases><MERS corona virus><MERS coronavirus><MERS virus><MERS-CoV><Mainland China><Mammalia><Mammals><Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus><Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus><Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Virus><Middle East Respiratory Syndrome-CoV><Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome Corona virus><Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus><Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome Virus><Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome-CoV><Modern Man><Molecular and Cellular Biology><Monoclonal Antibodies><Morbidity><Morbidity - disease rate><Muscle discomfort><Muscle pain><Muscle pain/fibrositis><Muscle sorenesss><Myalgia><Myalgic><Myodynia><Myoneuralgia><Myosalgia><NIAID><NIH><Names><National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease><National Institutes of Health><Nausea><Non-Polyadenylated RNA><Olfaction><Outbreaks><Pathogenesis><Pathogenicity><Patients><Pb element><Pneumonia><Population><Province><Public Health><Pulmonary Diseases><Pulmonary Disorder><Pyrexia><RNA><RNA Gene Products><Research><Research Personnel><Researchers><Respiratory Disease><Respiratory System Disease><Respiratory System Disorder><Ribonucleic Acid><SARS><SARS Virus><SARS corona virus><SARS coronavirus><SARS coronavirus disease><SARS-Associated Coronavirus><SARS-CoV><SARS-CoV disease><SARS-CoV-2><SARS-CoV2><SARS-Related Coronavirus><SARS-associated coronavirus 2><SARS-coronavirus-2><SARS-related coronavirus 2><Sampling><Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome><Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome CoV disease><Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Virus><Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome corona virus><Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus><Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus disease><Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2><Shortness of Breath><Smell><Smell Perception><Sore Throat><Source><Symptoms><Taste><Taste Perception><Training><United States National Institutes of Health><Virus><Viverridae><Vomiting><Wuhan coronavirus><Zoonoses><Zoonotic><Zoonotic Infection><advanced age><anti-viral agents><anti-viral drugs><anti-virals><children><childrens'><corona virus><corona virus disease 2019><corona virus disease 2019 epidemic><corona virus disease 2019 pandemic><coronavirus disease 2019><coronavirus disease 2019 epidemic><coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic><coronavirus emergence><developmental><disease of the lung><disorder of the lung><elders><emergent CoV><emergent coronavirus><emerging CoV><emerging coronavirus><experiment><experimental research><experimental study><febrile><febris><geriatric><gustatory perception><gustatory processing><gustatory response><head ache><heavy metal Pb><heavy metal lead><immunosuppressed patient><late life><later life><lung disorder><mAbs><model of animal><model organism><mortality><nCoV><new CoV><new coronavirus><novel CoV><novel coronavirus><odor perception><older adult><older person><olfactory perception><respiratory><response><senior citizen><severe acute respiratory syndrome-CoV><taste processing><taste response><translational study><virology><virus envelope><youngster>