Document text
Principal Investigator: Jazmin Brown-Iannuzzi
Organization: OREGON RESEARCH INSTITUTE
Fiscal Year: 2024
Award: $753,259
Funding agency: National Institute of Mental Health
ABSTRACT
As Americans enter the third year of the COVID-19 pandemic, we are also in a mental health crisis. Emerging
adults in particular are experiencing a high prevalence of anxiety, depression, suicidality, and psychosis
compared to pre-pandemic levels. A slowed economy, increased social isolation, loss of typical support systems,
and financial instability abruptly hit just as emerging adults were transitioning from adolescence to adulthood,
potentially disrupting typical milestones such as leaving home, pursuing higher education, starting vocations,
and becoming financially independent. The pandemic has also underscored persistent health inequalities that
exist between White Americans and racial/ethnic minorities, due at least in part to experiences of discrimination.
Living in poverty is an additional risk factor for mental health problems, and is a vastly different experience for
White and minoritized individuals due to environmental and social factors afforded to different racial/ethnic
groups. In addition, neighborhood characteristics and community type (i.e., rural, urban) can intersect with
racial/ethnic identity to increase risk or offer protection from mental health problems. The genetically-informative
Early Steps Multisite (ESM) study of 731 racially/ethnically diverse low-income families presents a unique
opportunity to examine how a sample of at-risk emerging adults, prospectively followed since age two and now
in their early twenties, are coping within the context of the pandemic. The ESM sample was recruited at Women,
Infant, and Children centers in three geographically, socioeconomically, and racially/ethnically diverse
communities: Eugene, OR; Pittsburgh, PA; and Charlottesville, VA. Participating families were randomly
assigned to receive the Family Check-Up (FCU) intervention annually from child age 2 to 10.5, or to participate
in study assessments without intervention. Assessments continued at child ages 14, 16, and 19, including two
pandemic-related surveys focused on mental health, and participant genotyping. Recruited from diverse sites,
the ESM can examine community- and neighborhood-level effects on mental health risk and resilience.
Continuing this longitudinal study, we will assess participants at ages 22 and 24, including a clinical diagnostic
interview of depression, anxiety, and psychosis. With a wealth of prospective data on neighborhood risk,
experiences of discrimination, and mental health, we propose to examine direct, interactive, and cascading
effects on mental health outcomes. Our first aim is to investigate whether race/ethnicity and discriminatory
experiences shift the developmental trajectories of mental health, and whether protective ecological factors
mitigate these risks. Our second aim is to test genetic moderation of risk and resilience on emerging adult mental
health. Our third aim is to examine the long-term preventive effects of the FCU on mental health, in the context
of growing up in poverty, and, more recently, the pandemic, while focusing on who is able to glean the largest
benefit from this intervention. Following this emerging adult sample would provide unique data on the persistence
of intervention effects on mental health during the transition to adulthood in the context of a pandemic.
Terms: <0-11 years old><12-20 years old><2019 novel corona virus><2019 novel coronavirus><2019-nCoV><21+ years old><Adolescence><Adult><Adult Human><Age><American><Anxiety><Attention><Behavioral><Bionomics><Buffers><COVID crisis><COVID epidemic><COVID pandemic><COVID-19><COVID-19 crisis><COVID-19 epidemic><COVID-19 era><COVID-19 global health crisis><COVID-19 global pandemic><COVID-19 health crisis><COVID-19 pandemic><COVID-19 period><COVID-19 public health crisis><COVID-19 virus><COVID-19 years><COVID19 virus><CV-19><Characteristics><Check-up><Child><Child Youth><Children (0-21)><Circulatory Collapse><CoV-2><CoV2><Communities><Coronaviridae><Coronavirus><Coronavirus Infectious Disease 2019><Data><Data Set><Deterioration><Development><Disease><Disorder><Early Intervention><Ecology><Economics><Emotional><Environmental Factor><Environmental Risk Factor><Ethnic Group><Ethnic Origin><Ethnic People><Ethnic Population><Ethnic individual><Ethnicity><Ethnicity People><Ethnicity Population><Exposure to><Family><Future><Gender Identity><Genetic><Genetic Predisposition><Genetic Predisposition to Disease><Genetic Risk><Genetic Susceptibility><Genetic propensity><Genotype><Geographic Area><Geographic Locations><Geographic Region><Geographical Location><Geography><Glean><Health Inequity><High Prevalence><Home><Impoverished><Individual><Individuals from minority><Individuals of minority><Inequalities in Health><Inequality><Inequities in Health><Infant><Informal Social Control><Inherited Predisposition><Inherited Susceptibility><Institutional Racism><Intervention><Intervention Strategies><Interview><Link><Long-Term Effects><Longitudinal Studies><Longterm Effects><Mediating><Mental Depression><Mental Health><Mental Hygiene><Minority Groups><Minority People><Minority Population><Minority individual><Neighborhoods><Outcome><Parents><Participant><Poverty><Predictive Factor><Prevention><Prevention trial><Preventive><Problem behavior><Psychological Health><Psychoses><Public Health><Race><Races><Racial Group><Randomized><Reporting><Research><Risk><Risk Factors><Rural><SARS corona virus 2><SARS-CO-V2><SARS-COVID-2><SARS-CoV-2><SARS-CoV-2 epidemic><SARS-CoV-2 global health crisis><SARS-CoV-2 global pandemic><SARS-CoV-2 pandemic><SARS-CoV2><SARS-associated corona virus 2><SARS-associated coronavirus 2><SARS-coronavirus-2><SARS-coronavirus-2 epidemic><SARS-coronavirus-2 pandemic><SARS-related corona virus 2><SARS-related coronavirus 2><SARSCoV2><Sampling><Self Regulation><Severe Acute Respiratory Coronavirus 2><Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome CoV 2><Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Corona Virus 2><Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Coronavirus 2><Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome CoV 2><Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome CoV 2 epidemic><Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome CoV 2 pandemic><Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-associated coronavirus 2><Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-related coronavirus 2><Severe acute respiratory syndrome associated corona virus 2><Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2><Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 epidemic><Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pandemic><Severe acute respiratory syndrome related corona virus 2><Shock><Site><Social Identification><Social Identity><Social Support System><Social isolation><Socialization><Societies><Suicide><Support System><Survey Instrument><Surveys><Symptoms><Systematic Racism><Systemic Racism><Testing><Time><United States><Vocation><Woman><Wuhan coronavirus><adolescence (12-20)><adult youth><adulthood><adulthood transition><age group><ages><behavioral problem><biological sex><caucasian American><checkup><checkup examination><circulatory shock><clinical diagnostics><coping><corona virus><coronavirus disease 2019><coronavirus disease 2019 crisis><coronavirus disease 2019 epidemic><coronavirus disease 2019 global health crisis><coronavirus disease 2019 global pandemic><coronavirus disease 2019 health crisis><coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic><coronavirus disease 2019 public health crisis><coronavirus disease 2019 virus><coronavirus disease crisis><coronavirus disease epidemic><coronavirus disease pandemic><coronavirus disease-19><coronavirus disease-19 global pandemic><coronavirus disease-19 pandemic><coronavirus disease-19 virus><coronavirus infectious disease-19><depression><design><designing><developmental><diet supplement><dietary supplements><discrimination based on race><discrimination due to race><disparities in race><disparity due to race><disparity in ethnic><early adulthood><early childhood><economic><emerging adult><emerging adulthood><environmental risk><ethnic based disparity><ethnic disadvantage><ethnic disparity><ethnic diversity><ethnic identity><ethnic inequality><ethnic inequity><ethnic minority><ethnic subgroup><ethnically diverse><ethnicity disparity><ethnicity group><experience><experienced discrimination><fatal attempt><fatal suicide><gene testing><gene-based testing><genetic etiology><genetic mechanism of disease><genetic testing><genetic vulnerability><genetically predisposed><geographic site><hCoV19><health assessment><health inequalities><higher education><homes><inequality due to race><inequity due to race><intent to die><intervention effect><interventional strategy><kids><long-term study><longitudinal outcome studies><longterm study><lower income families><medical diagnostic><nCoV2><nutritional supplement><pandemic><pandemic associated stress><pandemic concern><pandemic disease><pandemic induced stress><pandemic potential><pandemic related stress><pandemic risk><pandemic stress><pandemic threat><parent><perceived discrimination><perception of discrimination><physical conditioning><physical health><polygenic risk score><pre-pandemic><prevent><preventing><prospective><protective effect><protective factors><race based disparity><race based inequality><race based inequity><race discrimination><race disparity><race related disparity><race related inequality><race related inequity><race-based discrimination><race-related discrimination><racial><racial background><racial discrimination><racial disparity><racial diversity><racial inequality><racial inequity><racial minority><racial origin><racial population><racial subgroup><racially diverse><racially unequal><racism><randomisation><randomization><randomly assigned><recruit><resilience><resilience factor><resiliency factor><resilient><risk mitigation><self-reported discrimination><severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 global health crisis><severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 global pandemic><shocks><social cultural factor><social culture><social culture determinant><social determinants><social factors><socio-cultural><socio-demographics><socio-economic><socio-economically><sociocultural><sociocultural determinant><sociocultural factor><sociodemographics><sociodeterminant><socioeconomically><socioeconomics><stress due to pandemic><stress during the pandemic><stressor><suburb><suburban><suburbia><suicidal><suicidality><suicides><transition from adolescence to adulthood><transition into adulthood><transition to adulthood><white American><young adult><young adulthood><youngster>