Combined archive search across FBI Vault, SPLC, PHMPT, ACIP, NIH grants, the Federal Writers' Project, and other collections we've ingested.
James Lai · TRULY TECHNOLOGIES LLC · 2023 · $272,625 — PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Urine is an attractive biospecimen for point-of-care diagnostics because it can be collected in large quantities with noninvasive procedures. Urine-based lateral flow assays (LFAs) are low-cost devices suitable for point-of-care testing, particularly in low-resource settings…
Jianfa Bai · KANSAS STATE UNIVERSITY · 2023 · $73,194 — Project Summary: SARS-CoV-2 is a major human respiratory pathogen that can cause COVID-19, a disease with symptoms similar to those caused by Influenza A (Flu A) and Influenza B (Flu B) viruses. A few major SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOC) have been identified and associated with increased trans…
Joyce Sooyeon Kim · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · 2023 · $69,500 — PROJECT SUMMARY Activation of sensory nerves, in particular nociceptive C-fibers, is a feature of most respiratory viruses. Evidence of such activation is found in the classical consequences of C-fiber activation including sneezing, sore throat, coughing, and reflex secretions. As well as causing th…
Luis J Sigal · THOMAS JEFFERSON UNIVERSITY · 2023 · $722,737 — Summary CD8 T-cells recognize and kill virus-infected cells displaying at the cell surface short viral peptides bound to major histocompatibility (MHC) class I molecules (MHC-I). CD8 T-cells contribute to the clearance of many viral infections. After an infection subsides, an expanded population of…
Hawa Vahed · TECHIMMUNE, LLC · 2023 · $300,000 — SUMMARY Over the last 2 years humanity has been confronting COVID-19 pandemic caused by the new Corona Virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Major gaps: Mutations and deletions often occur in the genome of SARS-CoV-2 (predominantly in the Spike protein) resulting in more transmissible and pathogenic “vari…
ELAN Z EISENMESSER · UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO DENVER · 2023 · $233,250 — PROJECT SUMMARY Coronaviruses (CoVs) have emerged as formidable human pathogens since their detection within human populations only 50 years ago, underlying the need to rapidly characterize their molecular mechanisms in order to thwart their infections through therapeutics. Seven CoVs that infect h…
MALINI RAGHAVAN · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · 2023 · $227,280 — CD8+ T cells recognize short peptide antigens in the context of major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC- I) proteins. Three sets of genes, the human leukocyte antigens (HLA) HLA-A, HLA-B and HLA-C encode the heavy chains of human MHC-I (HLA-I) proteins, which also contain a light chain (β2-mic…
Bryan A Johnson · UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS MED BR GALVESTON · 2023 · $497,886 — Abstract The coronavirus (CoV) spike protein is a key viral determinant responsible for receptor binding and fusion/entry. The spike protein has also been predicted to be the major factor driving cross-species transmission, allowing the emergence of epidemic strains like SARS- and MERS-CoV. In the f…
Pamela J Bjorkman · CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY · 2023 · $2,208,763 — UNAIDS has documented millions of new HIV-1 infections every year, thus a vaccine for HIV-1 is highly desirable. To date, despite numerous efforts, no immunization regimen reproducibly elicits broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) against HIV-1. Recently available native-like HIV-1 envelope spike …
Bing Chen · BOSTON CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL · 2023 · $816,248 — Project Summary The first critical step for enveloped viruses, such as HIV-1, to enter host cells is viral membrane fusion. Viral fusion proteins are fascinating protein folding machineries capable of adopting completely different conformations during the fusion process; they are also important vac…
Lin Gan · AUGUSTA UNIVERSITY · 2023 · $192,500 — PROJECT SUMMARY / ABSTRACT Taste deficits are prevalent in people infected with SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for the global COVID-19 pandemic. The loss of taste sensation negatively affects nutrition and quality of life and in some patients this deficit is long-lasting. The biological basis for…
Sagar D Khare · RUTGERS, THE STATE UNIV OF N.J. · 2023 · $236,919 — The ongoing rapid and widespread transmission of SARS-CoV-2 across the world has resulted in myriad viral strains, but human immunity has been acquired from vaccination against a single (Wuhan-Hu-1) strain and/or previous infection with a handful of strains. The large number of substitutions present…
Nicholas Stephanopoulos · ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY-TEMPE CAMPUS · 2023 · $296,022 — Project Summary Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) drive countless processes in biology. The ability to block these interactions with high specificity is crucial for probing the basic science of these processes, as well as for developing imaging agents or novel therapeutics. However, most tradition…
JOHN H KEHRL · NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ALLERGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES · 2023 · $154,304 — Beta-Coronaviruses are a family of positive-strand enveloped RNA viruses that includes the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Our recent studies have focused on two SARS-CoV-2 encoded proteins, open reading frame (ORF) 3a and 8. Previous studies of SARS-CoV-1 identified O…
Thomas Quinn · NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ALLERGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES · 2023 · $78,215 — Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), emerged as a global pandemic in early 2020. By the end August of 2023, over 770 million cases of SARS-CoV-2 have been confirmed, spanning all countries and accounting more than 6…
Susan Moir · NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ALLERGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES · 2023 · $327,723 — In 2023, we conducted and contributed to several clinical research studies on COVID-19. We evaluated antibody and B-cell responses following infection and/or vaccination and contributed to the analysis of innate responses in patients hospitalized with COVID-19. Our efforts focused on three types of …
MIGUEL HOLMGREN · NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS AND STROKE · 2023 · $1,616,783 — Calcium ions increase the open probability of the large conductance potassium (BK) channels by binding to high affinity sites within the large cytosolic Ca2+ sensing structure called the gating ring. This Ca2+ sensing structure is formed by eight Regulator of K+ Conductance (RCK) domains, two from e…
Dima A Hammoud · CLINICAL CENTER · 2023 — Progress: HIV project: We are in the stage of optimizing our animal model of Gp120 expressing HEK293 tumors implanted in nude mice in comparison to wild type tumors. We have validated and labeled multiple nanobodies against GP120 with 18F and started PET imaging. Early results are encouraging and we…
NEAL DAVID EPSTEIN · NATIONAL HEART, LUNG, AND BLOOD INSTITUTE · 2023 · $581,291 — Endosymbionts are unicellular organisms that reside inside the cells of a host organism and can have dramatic influence over the host, ranging from nutritional provisioning to immune function and in the case of filarial nematodes, their actual development. It is estimated that more than 75% of inse…
Peter D Kwong · NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ALLERGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES · 2023 · $1,212,339 — Based on our understanding of spike- or envelope-based mechanisms of humoral evasion, we are working to design envelope-based immunogens with these evading mechanisms disabled. Such modified immunogens with weakened defenses may elicit more broadly neutralizing antibodies. We have also devised prote…