Document text
Gautilier.lateldon F.
flange lore.
Tarrant Co. ,Dist.?
Page ft
FC i/140
Mario L.Cardevo, 77, living at 300 14 12
St, was born Nov.,3,1861, in Xamodoches e0., at
the farm of his father's, whose naae was -Casonero
Cordova* The farm was located *even miles 2.of
the town of Nasediaehes* In addition to farming,
Cordova raised ;settle which grimed on the free
ranges and hogs which also hunted their living
in the woods adjaeent to the farm* idarloie first
recoliectiem regarding cattle was seeligg hard
beine,driven past his home by soldiers. 4hen
Mario was eight months old his father died.
The family continmed to cultivate the land end
when Mario was old enough to assist with the
derra work he worked in the Mods* when he was
in h:s tenth year,. his Mother =wiled the sicowl
time and at this time Elario left home to mak&
his own way in the world. He went to Goliad co.,
and aecured employment on n cattle ranch. He
followed ranch work until he was 21 years old*
During his r.nlge career he saw some of the conflict
wAch took place on the range. hen he quit the
range he returned to the farm for hie livelihood
and thoi-. later entered the retail Waine a which
he still follows*
Pis story of range life follows:
"I wao born, reared and lived in the Ant,* of Texas, the
anti e period of my life to date. 4o far as know I shall re.
mafn in the state the rescinder of py life. Whether or not I
have done wi3ely an have remained in the best *pate of these
UniZed States, I can not soy. Beicausf: I don't know anything about
tie other States except what I have learned reading the papers,
wane; the phrase the late 4111 ItOgeri used.
"Ry parents were born ia the Nacodoches section 4y grandp
pwrents came to America from Spain. My grandmotimios family, on
my mothers& side of the fa; 11y, came to Texas from Barcelona
OnuthieripSheldon Y.
Raroelore.
Tarmnt co.ualst.s#7
Page
PC 240
Spaii$4 at the time Spain ruled this section of America.
"The Spanish Government made a grmt of bud to ow grand.
mothers Rachel Del Lei Santee Coca, and her three brothers. The
grn4coasiated of 11 leagues of land in the Racodocbes section.
,aters aa the records will now ,shows one league was surveyed and
nveyed to aceanero Cardovas my fathers the Del Los sentos
Coem people.
"The ',ICI. Los .Antos Coca family cams to America as agenta
of the Spanish 4overniant. Part of their duties were to learn the
.ndlaa ii_nguage and customs, and then deal with the Indians in
baba).* of the Government. The family first stopped at Cohuilas
4
which vizs then the seat or COVeriment for this ,...apanish territory.
Thkir stay at Cohuila was for the purpose of studine the Indian
language. After completing their study, the family then proceeded
to the Hacodoches territory and lived on the land of their grant.
"Oh0 this tract of la4c4. my father mad mother was born reared and
lived until their death. There I was born reared an lived until
I was in qv tenth year.
"The date of qv father's de th was ifteysils184,116 4 father
died elleht montbs after my births which was Neves3,1861. Ly
gra dparents were dead, except grandmother Del Los ;Santos Coca,
-nd she thel4 lived with wy parents.
"I was the youngest of all the four chil,xen. 4 oldest
1„rother was about lb A. the time of my father's death. He and
mother mnageu.thc cultivation of our farm land.
"j recollection sterke with u scene during the civil oar.
Gmuthier.Uheldon F. Peg* 3
tt,ngelore. 70 940
Tarrant co.,Dist4107
The scene was a herd of cattle being driven pest our hope by a
'partly of Confederate Joldiere. They were traveling E. and my guess
is that the cattle were being driven to some point for the Aemrs
supply of beef. Seeing them Soldiers and herd of cattle is the
only thing about the Civil war which happened that registered on
my maid.
"For me to say my family suffered any deprivation or not,
after father's death and during the Civil War period, I must base
my sts-Lement on gusses and what mother told me. So far as I could
learn, we had plenty to eat and weer at all times. When I became
old (wow h to retain impressions, I know than we had all the
food anu clothing necessary to live well.
P
"Cur farm cOnsistoa of about 60 acres under cultivation and
ic:out 60 acres in pasture for our milk cows and work stook. In
addition to our farming we awned longhorn cattle which ratiged on
the unsettled land.
"Farms were all fenced an,. were situated far apart, leaving
great tracts of land for the cattle to grass on. To tell you how
many cattle we owned is imtsossiblo. The number may have been 600
or 1000. e didn't give the cattle any attention. The cattle
bred and multiplied at their willond found their own living on
the range where it suited their tail's. All we did to hold the
heepas to provide salt licks in the section we desired the
animals to make -their bedding ground.
"when we needed a little beef or made a sale we held a little
roundup and cut out the critters desired.
'nothier.Sheidon k•
hai.6elore.
rIerrant
Page e4
FC 240
In thc-i rirc of thc year we worked ove the whole section
of Is ra,ne, Irandinj all calves with a cow carring our 'W°
br the same thing and, therefore, the cattle were
al. st all ernded. ,hile doi- the bre,Ain cattle of various
briis would be. ,nco4ntere,,,and frequently a brand would 1e seen
trit did ;Wu belo.g to any one in our eecUon. ierhaps the critter
belonged with a herd a hu-dred miles away. -o doubt soc:se of the
cattle of our ection would stray the same distance ce,ay.
"From what 1 h ve said you may g ther the fact we did not
eepend on caLtle for our livelihood, and that is correct. The
far. is there we ap:lie(i our efforts. It furnished our livl_ng with
the assist ice from the wild gene, fish, cattletand wild fruit, nuts
anki berries.
'As part of our far work we rased hogs, using the same method
we employed raising the cattle. The Logs bred, razzed and obtained
their living in the woods. The only feed we fed the hogs was a little
corn once each week. 'Al did this to hold the hogs close to the
trit4 They ranged a distance of 10 miles away at times, but stayed
withia a distance of five niles most oi the time.
"The hogs were alway;c: in good flesh condition, and in the Fall
the beast would be very fat. The animals lived on what we called
mass, wA.ch was nuts,. hetbs, weedsland grass ti.at the, woods produced
in atdadance. :Cgs so raised and fed brew into tasty neat, due mostly
.to the amount of nuts they comsumed4
"All the set .lees raised their hogs the same w',.4 we did, :7md
each owner adopted a mark with which their hogs were marked. The
Gauthier•Sheldon
Range lore.
Tarrant coc,Dist.,di
Page #6
PC C40
hog's ears were the ilace *Jed for making, and the narks were
generally made by slitting, clipping, or punching holes in a
certain manner rnd part of one or both ears.
":Ath the moods coutaining huiilreds of hogs au cattle, and
wild turkey, pheasants, grouse, rabbits, deer and other game, there
was no shortage of meat. All we needed to del when we needed any
of the various kinds of mall was to spend a little time to crttoh
the desired beast or fowl.
"On the cultivr,ted land we raised vegeta lee, corn, wheat an.
cans w ich was used to supply our table'and fold the work stock"
We raised cotton for our money crop.
"4e took our wneat and corn to the saL,le, ant's gnat mill where
it *as willed. A por ion of the grist was retained by the miller as
pay for the charge. Thus we obtained our maul old flour
witIout the use ot money. Our truck: gt,rden supplied us with all
the vowel Ablest ana more, than we could eat. he cane patch produced
an abundance of sorghum bald sugar. The wild honey bees made and
stored a greet amount of honey in the hollow trees, from which we
secured so much honey we cared to consume. 4hus our sweats were
obtained without the use of coney.
"Ne obtained aur tervies and .rnits fronLI* wi211 veLctmtion
in the woods. The wild atm* Pies grew in Lund:Axe in cerLsin
low spoLe and were the eweatoet berry I h ve ever have tasted. -he
wild apple, grapes snd plums grew in the woods in great qmanitice.
Thue our fruit was obtained without the use -o;' mousy. Likewise, Luis
,f various kinds, such as the pecan, hazel and chestautw
"our olnthing supply was almost wholly mods from the well
GRuthier.tihaldon
Aangelore.
Tarrant co., Dist.,0
Pat. OS
PC 240
ore our sheep and cotton, which was spun and woven by us farm
\folks. Therefore, our clothes were obtained without the use of
much mot.ey. "-here was some money spent for thread and buttons, and
our Moos was the major clothing bill.
4 needed money for taxes, which was neglible, money for
sploea, tea, coil*, and medicine. e used very little money for
medicine, because grandmother concoeted almost all we used and we
suf ered Nary litle with sickness.
"Stir cotton aupply sold for enough money to meet all our needs
wi h eblnoo left &fter a 1 bill were paid. At times* cattle Ayer
would ceme through our section and oe would sell.a few twitters,
which added to our cotton crop may.
"Under the conditions existing with us those days in the
Naoodochee country, ea I have related, it was impossible for us to
be in want, uz.leas we were too indolent to help k,ur selves to
wturets bounteous suply.
"We lived on a proper verity of excellent food. However, our
cloth were coarse and did not follow the changing faahion. so be
sure, we Itore no two or three tons ensemble. Ptvever, I am sure we
apprec ated a new pair of ordinary boots k5 greatly• as the folks
of today do their three tone ensemble.
ur work stock were the lowborn steers. 41sisa hitched together
the horns of soliwould extend over the neck of theOther animal, and
while being driven, one could hear the borne Lumping and clashing
as the beast walked or trotted on their vv.
G6uthier.Aeldon F. page #7
Hangelors. PC 240
Tarrant co.,Dist.07
N.* lept a few mustangs which were used for riding. If one
desired to travel to some place, hose back wee the wens of loco."
motion. It tlAt whole family desired to make a trip, the relible
ox team hitched to a wagon was the means of traveling.
as all other b ys of those days, learned to ride a mustang
at an early age. I could ride a gentel A068 at the age of five, and
could handle to ordinary. mustang, for all general purposes, at the
age of 10 yen.
i‘lo-,bar married the second tine when I was 10 years old, and
than I le it hone to piakE my own living. That I have done ever since..
..he cattle rtue,c was about the oily place -a yclr,g farm boy
could reoure employ out. Consequently, I went to open range
country where large r,ches were established, and.1 choose Goliad
co., as the Place. to find werk. I was successful and was given work
on a r rich owned by the Hughes brotherse lhat was in 1671.
traveled from MacodeOhes co., to Gelled co., on a mustang
given to n* by my mover. I did not try to secure a. job until I
arrived in uoliad co., because I was enjoyin the scel.ery, -nd
desired to travel. By the time I, had arrived in Goliad co., qy
apply f food was too low for contort and. then I began to rsk for
work.
"I was no precocious child in size or ability, but was above
the average 10 year old boy'in size. I told the folks I was 12
years old and could easily pass myself off -s being that age. I not
having ever been awat from home, was some what verdant nd my
expc4fence handline cattle was limited to that I had learned
Griu. hier4o4neldola :4"
Rian,selere•
Tarrant co. Ant. OP
rage 48
PC 240
assisting my f.aks to handle our cattle.
"The Hughes outCit ranged their cattle adjacent to the San
Antonio itivel, and during a wet period bog holes became mamma.
The outfit needed some one to keep a watch for bogged critters. MI
wovk did not require a tap hand or one with the strength of a man.
I could meet the requirements and there began by career as a nowt,
hand.
“My mount did the hard part of my job and that was the ulling
hogged critLePe out of the hole.. When I locEted a bogrod animal,
3 Art the lorT arou,KI its; horns, with 1.4.0 rope tied to the saddle
horn,the hose then did ti)e haullot, puU fro al the aaddle.
-I did bog pork for about two yaara at during that time I had
en opportunity to LeFrr. zuch about all the various range work. Th.
old rawhides taught me the Liner points of handing the lasolriding
pitching hose and other technique of the cowboy's work.
"I was paid $16 a month at the start of my cowboy career and
at the end of two yeer6 was receiving $26 as my monthly pay.
"During the two year I worked pulling mired critters out of
bog holes, I slept in the bu:ik house every ni:'ht, but I WAS away
all day. After breakfast ,I would plaoP a. :leoe of meat, bread and
a canteen of *rater in my saddle 'ag and ride atny and return a -out
dusk. Alen I returned I could do a :an's job et the table even if
I were only a slip of a lad.
"We were fed well on plain food, consisting rincipally of meat,
beah4, ciumed,vegetables and corn bread..
"I graduated to theragular general cowts.ndis work 'after the
Ga_thieribe don F. Page it 9
Ran&elore. PC id210
Tarr.nt co., ,Jist., 7
miaow; year and then I lived behind the chuck wagon about hal( of
U., time. The general spring and Fall roundups kept us bug about
six mouths of the year, end duriqgall the roundup period we slept
in the open and ate our chuck sitting on our haunting. Than,
frequently between roundups we Lould be away from headquarters to
roundup cattle and cut out ant ens for sale.
"The Hu. bee outfit nada a few drives, but sold almost all their
cattle to drovers who came through the country buying ,cattle to make
u: driving herdo. Ihe thanes outfit ran ad around 10,000 head and
when they i!lode a drive to market it was necessary for them to buy
other critters ti,7, corn lete a herd to be a paying drive, ',Alcamo*
their herd would not aupp1y from 3C00 to 3800 withou cuttinp into
the breeders.
"The roundups were participated in b L1t?e catt_emen of the
section. The different bra-ds would be separated and the atr4a
driven tack to their home range. The r;undup crews worked from
one section of the rpoge to another, ;na when the roundup was co90164-
ad All the cattle would be on their ho:* range. Thew -Again, from time
to tine a few would stry off, principally during storms, so by the
tire the next roundup was held the various brands would be more or
leas mixed.
"The brandin of the rrnge cattle was done during the round-
up. The brending was performed lc a bratAing crew. The cutAne crew
would call out the rsand to betapplied ae the calf was being
di' gged .o there the irons were being heated in a fire. The cut ere
would not( the mother braud and yfil to the brand man. kor
G utnier.4heldon F.
Renelorci
'ar ant co.rais,.07
Pee 10
Pk..• L -.4C
instnncel,thelimerthty called for ”nar, then ,the braLder would
answer Hrnr and then the checker would repeat the letters. The
"PH" brnnd ao,14 be applied and noted in the record book* At the
end of the roan up 1 each outfit was given record of the number
-f their calves brai,ded.
"In the.morning the cooky would be up before dey4oht preparing
brcakfart. It would generelXy consist of broiled or fried eteak,sour...
d ugh tread cooke,7 in a dutch*oven, gravy orlled sop, "syrup called
lickl and black coffee* Breakfast over, all the riders whose job
s to rid a U u gat;.er in ceeLle, .ould mount and
ride o:fion what i culled the swing* Ireheps they would ride If: or
15 i.f.laa be:ore tirivi,; at the plao.e .ihere the gathering work for
ae CA; viLls Lc, b4 4:41.
"Ti* liovIcilk; swill6 was aim,* a race. The weddies alusys rode
t a Lad huas lisa their subi4g ano it was a contest for the lead
en..! o :hot be in tLe rear. All waddles took pride in their mounts
Lnd each tried to ride the best mout46 on the range.
"The waddles would saddle their mounts while wilting for their
chuck, aua sbou as the meal was eaten they would mount and wait for
the range boss to give word to be off. hile aitinif for the sienal*
roe or the hos.es wo..1.1d te pitching with their nicker* cuasingoome
woulo be prancing alid some standing quietly. Wien the, perhaps 20
or -orelwaddiea were all mounted, the boss would yell,' let 'em go,'
and away the mounted crew would dash* The* would spur their hosses
-end the animals would dig their hoofs into ,he around to attain the
boa. speed, traveling over varied terrain* May travel over hard
ground, then sand and next -it my be a rough rocky wait, but to be
Gauthier.6heldon.F. Page 011
Ranollore. VC 240
Tarrant co.,Dist.,07
a worthy cow hoes, the anital.had to have ability and travel over
any kind of ground.
"The rider who was left behind was the object of all kinds of
jibs, such *5, 'you should ohAve that cottonwood Stieks.hoss for
a piece of oak or why don't you do the runlink and carry your weak
brother.' The swings were always enjoyed, especially by the par—
ticipants.
"The time when the swing would retiurn, with a herd of cattle,
de.endó cii the _;isitc.nce they had to go,- nature of the country and
had badly the cattle wePe-scattlieed rrequently the swim's vvuld
return in the foro prot of t%e evening. Ime herd would be turned
ovev, to,-Lhe holdin: crew nd the swing boys then would relax until
the next morning. reeting_for a little while, then more or
less o C the awin crew wuld engage in various kinds of sport. tioss
raciug, shooting, roping or some other past time would be eiwged in.
limy career on the range was during the period when there was
a great deal of conflict among the ranchees of the uoliad range
territory.
7: happened_ to eocure a tot: with, an outfit which was hot only
-called ruatlees, but were classed as one of the .leaders of the
rthitlers. However, they mointained that they were defending the
rights of the srall r:mchees against Pc impositions of the large
ranchers. Bud Brookings ranch was another place Glassed as a haven
for rustlers by th, large ranchero. Al the other side were what
people reared to aS the"Yureen and almost L11 vore large rnnoh
owners, such as Buok Pittes, Faint and the hemlines.
aluthier.3heidon F.
.14ngelore.
.4arrant co. s Dist .07
Paie 12
Fc 240
"1 haver learned of any stealing done by the Hughes outfits but
their cowhnnds hr i.ceci unbrai.ded cattle wherever any were located.
'Waring the Civil ,ar and for e period after the tax' ceased,
.1./kneilne was neglected by many cattlemen. Also, very few cattle
were een to Larket, because the market was cut off from texas.
The lack of sales resulted in a large increase of cattle. Therefore,
the two conditions produced thousands of cattle litich were uLbranded.
"A fa years a:ter the ar ceased, railroads enxtended into
.44ansos and markets were estWIlished within driving distance of
Texas. Then the pricea went up which resulted in a scrwjble to brand
those cattle without a brand. Naturallw, ranchaes maintained, they
hzZ a superior cluJJ tc unbranded cattle within the section
vihich they called their hone renle,nd aqy u7lbrnnded cattle gr-,zing
with the cattle carr,y11146 their brand. This claim *mas generUy
.sccepted as proper, tut there 'were some folks who did not cAlfine
their brpnding &trickly within their territory.
"Brandinc cattI in territory Claimed by some other rancher,
led to troublCand oany killings. The conflict developed two contends
ing parties.
'The small cleimed thFit the "Puree were -claiming too
Juan terrio.ory, for the purpose of excludinfT the email ranchers,
and to take undue advantmge with the unbre,nded cattle. The small
rencneess and awe people who never had a,herds ignored the "Pure*"
claims to territory und branded cattle where found.
"..,one of the "Aires" paid a bonus to t;eir cow1en. s for each
unbranded animal they branded, and that method created too aiuch
Iliguthier.Sheldon Y.
R,mgelors.
nt
Page 13
FC 240
branding activity to develop 144 some of tile wadies. These conditions
started arguments, which progressed Into quarrels sod ended in many
s.00tings and killings.
The "Puree" organized vigilante conflitteee w.ioh operated
secretly said set ot to clean out the ruAlers. In the section were
-10100 thieves, but. when the vigilantes began to operatethey classed
many cattle brcndere as rustlers and many men were run out of the
country who were riot real thieves.
"John .aker, who lived in kart ,,orth during the last few
years, was served ,lotice to leave Jolted coy, because he worked
for the Brookings outfit, niso, several others who worked for the
outfit. :;orile or the waudiee working for the hughee outfit reeeiv-
cc; notice to leave.
"The system of giving notices was to place a notice on the
lentil post or send it _through the mail, telling the party to be
W. of the an Antonio 'liver by a ceciflea time or take the con*
sequences.
Tram Davis, who worked for Hughes. ,sowed a notice to leaV14
About time Jim ...impeon anL1 Adir0 AlIart wno worked for Bud ivookings,
also rec'eived their n aing to leaves These 'MO were just a few of
thOmany to whom notices were sent. After receiving a aotice, it was
unsafe for one to o oiT of his ho -le rzaze, ulaes, he was traveling
t. cross the river within the specifiec time. caw made the miotabe
of doinF: otherwise.
'Tamp Davis made the mistake off of his range territory witLout
aufAcient company. As it happened, he vas ready to 47-67!t married zmd
Gautl-ieruheldon re
Rangslores,
Tarrant coe,Dist. tin
ita14"
continued to carry oat his vedding plans. Damp married nd was
travelihg in a L-uggy with %is bride to visit soca friend after
tht.' spec:Jack'. the he las given to be of the river. 'he
vigilantes ,caught 3t a lonely ,spot in the road. la vtio taken
of the buggy, from ,he side of his bride, haa-ed to a limb of
a tree and shot full of holes. I knov aamp didal'4 steal any
cattle, but -4e did brand cattle with tila bread of the,Aughso at+,
CM.
.3uhn Dakerlii uncle,i-vb "akar, from some whore N. of (aoliad co.,
came after John to save him from the vigilantes. John lat4r dent
aouLle oua-, ia JectIon of Aall co.
"J41 ..impson left the country. itth illr reftwe to leave
and his body was fou. in the rlver witL ctoht: Lied arouuk. Lie
neck.
n„T)uring thle period of etmitife I rerIned close to the home
range. If one desired to au some where, he had to Lo it n party
of seve.A1 persons, who 1,:ere ready o swe. lead. A peren was
q*ite safe itLr: crowd, because -6,e vigilantes did not attack
except v.f.nui they h,hu flarp on thoir victim.
"The 'matter wf..)8 eventuaily*.settled Ly tho i‘augors and other
officals taking a han ix Lhe tstter'and the untra:Aled cattle final-
ly disappeared, which re;Toved the ;;Atin c:uGb of the strife.
"-After all t. -:e uhidranded cattle disappeared fro: the open
rahge the co:±lict a:Ong, the ranchers ended, tuL there re-zined
the rustlees and strife continued between rancher anditialmar.
uthier.Sheldan'r. 40 #14
Rangelorsi PC 24C
Tarrant cosofist.,07
"Both cattle an6 hosaaa were the oWiect of rustlers. The
ruetle7,n, ha fl rule, would.cver up their depredation by changine
an
t/t. trpnd. :iofne. of the rustlers .didiartictic *obk-ruliking a brand
over. thfi ruxtlers worked in coxpalAy of two or more. ;4ch
would rvioter bran Ihich would be similar to a razd of a large
rnnchv.r. To illustrate, we shall ?roswo an UX brand esisted. xhS
ru,Aler coq1cf regi3ter hiz brand as .:;,OX aid then the OX brand
could be easily changed to XOX by adding an X, or the rustler
coult register OWenid than he could change tho OX brand by add..
in,?: a per throngt; the cross of the Xi
"The shrewdest rlmtler brand I hnve ever heard of was what
wes called the tempin brand. It was m80 in the outline of a
terrain thusi When Via brand was placed on a critter
it .lotted out all other norkee and left 01./.y the terrapin brand
showing.
"A part or our raw.e work was watching for rustlers. The range
rider rode fro one 7:int to the other usinE a spyglass constantly.
when ary strene r u ted men were seen en invistigatIon
The rancher who did not -keep a const%n-:, vigil would find his cattl,
court short.
"If a buyer b,-Igght ouch a herds accepting book count, in a
short time he would be sint;ing one of the old range songs which
was the followingt
"aahe said that he had 'salt -but damn him he lied.
Damn him he lied damn him he lied.
ftesSid#4011141401100htindies40411101tj brand on
Cyrittl,
t-.3Prant co' I tate 9fr?
0
kAge #15
Fe 240
"rwevert even range count didn't a...ways keep buyer fra,
singing110h, he LW he had tem,but Cant him -he IWO A nurCuer-
crles were taus rtwic1i some of the c%Atla were counted t400
or more. The louttpectacular event of cluble count/N.; was did at
DIAWalo akei
11The %lap is u, ni,rrow vasage wqr betweelz two butts and.bet.een
tne two Lutts waa w;lere the couhtine took place. Waddles drcvo
tle cattle up to.the
traa40 and as thv E,41Tzle were counteC)1;he
Jere drive:. on t;irou, is to the oci,owit eidct At the opposite :Ade
of the. hills other cowhands were stationed and thy Or vs .he count
(mtt.te r;rick 60 ;Are te uucounted cq tie t:erc ihue
it cou erittws :!oinect the processi or u courted catt:te rry;
tiere recounted.
"During the later p-rt of the 11 yez,r period I worked for the
.Ughes outfit ahr, cudui.:try 40,11 to chznga from an °per. =apt to a
EeLca r-ngc. Ziettlers !;ert developilq fame Eia.: the result of tif.„)
ctir GeLirJ. ,,,veAtent or the c. tie r%1 c''cri. to the _.Lins
sei:LoL. v.hAre t.c ce ar.„:e Itwa ati.11
T foruGau Lie G5 i_a icr, of the *pm c in ',ciiad c,.1
region and calculated wouL,1 ie workLg or a farm, tlee s. fullou.0
ta 1!.e -eatwara Liovc o; the rLEeies. Lc aituution causet. ie
piit:Arn O :;aeodoc;.es co., and eLgaLei rLg) which :1 folioed
for it nuciber of ;car. Lr. a,r Niddle liCe 1 diacoatinued .•f.r:-5
anu entemd the Loros4..tile ,AIL.inees, and I:Imre fellc,e0 thr cusinzss
up tbodate.