Appendix 1: Definitions of green economy segments Segment Subsegment DescriptionMitigation1 Energy supply & optimization1.1 Renewable power(Utility-scale) onshore/offshore wind, solar (PV) and hydropower generation 1.2 Geothermal energy Deep geothermal, enhanced geothermal systems (EGS) 1.3 Nuclear powerSmall/advanced modular reactors, conventional large-scale reactors, fusion 1.4 Waste-to-energy (e.g. for biomass and gas)Treating & converting waste to energy/heat (biomass/biogas from agri, MSW2, sludge, C&I3 waste) 1.5 Hydrogen and derivativesEquipment, components and services for green/blue hydrogen and derivatives, incl. fuel cells 1.6 Energy storage (Utility-scale) battery energy storage systems (BESS) 1.7 Electricity grids Transmission and distribution grids 1.8 Flexibility management Smart grids/meters and virtual power plants (VPP) 1.9 Distributed energySmall-scale distributed energy (e.g. microgrids), residential/C&I3 storage, HEMS4 and DERMS5 1.10 District energy Centralized heating/cooling generation 1.11 Energy contracting & energy service companiesEnergy service companies (ESCOs) and contracting providers 2 Industrials & buildings2.1 Low-carbon materials Low carbon steel, cement, bulk chemicals and functional materials 2.2 Building energy management & automation, incl. EMS1Energy efficiency solutions in buildings (energy management systems) 2.3 Machinery efficiencyElectrification of machinery and equipment, sustainable mining tech (stationary) and high-efficiency motors 2.4 Industrial green heatRetrofitted/built-in heat supply for industrial processes (e.g. C&I3 heat pumps, waste heat recovery) 2.5 Green packaging Sustainable design (e.g. lightweighting) and reusable materials 2.6 Green heating Heat pumps, hybrid boilers and low-emission heating systems 3 Transportation & mobility3.1 Road transportation electrificationPassenger electric vehicles (EVs), heavy-duty and medium- duty trucks 3.2 Aviation and marine propulsionPropulsion of vessels using electrical power or hybrid systems, engines for alternative fuels, etc. 3.3 Sustainable logisticsRoute optimization software, fleet management software, mobile business models (e.g. fuelling) 3.4 Electric charging infrastructure Charging equipment for public or private electric vehicle (EV) networks 3.5 BiofuelsBio-based sustainable aviation fuel (1st and 2nd generation), ethanol & bio/renewable diesel 3.6 Synthetic fuels & e-fuels Ammonia as fuel, methanol and e-fuels Already a Multi-Trillion-Dollar Market: CEO Guide to Growth in the Green Economy 46

Already a Multi-Trillion-Dollar Market 2025