Note: 1. EMS = energy management system. 2. MSW = municipal solid waste. 3. C&I = commercial and industrial. 4. HEMS = home energy management system. 5. DERMS = distributed energy resource management system. Source: Boston Consulting Group and Temasek.80Segment Subsegment DescriptionMitigation4 Food, agriculture & land use4.1 Green fertilizersBio-based fertilizers, green ammonia and nitrate fertilizers, microbial & soil-enhancing additives 4.2 Alternative proteinBioreactors and production technologies (e.g. for plant-based proteins, cultivated meat) 4.3 Farming technologiesBio-crop protection, farming infrastructure (e.g. irrigation, lighting), indoor farming 5 Carbon & methane management5.1 Carbon capture utilization & storage (CCUS)Point source, pipelines and infrastructure, industrial carbon reuse, sequestration/mineralization 5.2 Gas capture, incl. methane Capture gas byproducts from coal and oil production 5.3 Engineered carbon removal solutionsDirect air capture (DAC) and bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS) 5.4 Nature-based carbon removal solutionsNature-based carbon sinks (e.g. forestry, wetlands, agriculture) 6 Circularity & waste management6.1 Sorting technologySorting technology for construction, demolition, MSW2 and hazardous waste 6.2 Paper and wood recyclingFibre recovery systems and recycling plants for paper, cardboard and wood materials 6.3 Plastics recyclingMechanical and chemical recycling systems converting plastics into secondary raw materials 6.4 Metals, batteries and e-waste recyclingMetal smelters, EV battery recycling plants, electrical material recovery systems 6.5 Construction, demolition waste (CDW) recyclingCrushing and sorting plants, concrete reclaimers and aggregate recovery systems 6.6 Textile recyclingFibre regeneration systems, chemical depolymerization and mechanical shredders for textiles 7 Financial & enabling solutions7.1 Carbon measurement and accountingGHG accounting & reporting, carbon footprint analytics, regulatory compliance and standards 7.2 Carbon markets and servicesCarbon credit exchanges, trading platforms, verification and offset registries 7.3 Sustainable finance solutionsGreen and sustainability-linked bonds, climate insurance, ESG investment funds 1 Food resilienceClimate-adapted agri systems (e.g. smart irrigation) & inputs (e.g. drought-tolerant seeds) 2 Infrastructure resilience Flood defences, drainage and climate-resilient infrastructure design 3 Health resilienceEmergency services, equipment and systems for climate-related health risks 4 Business & community resilienceClimate forecasting, risk assessment and adaptation planning solutions for businesses & public 5 Water resilienceIntegrated urban and industrial water efficiency, conservation and desalination systems 6 Energy resilience Grid-level backup, microgrids and decentralized energy solutions 7 Biodiversity resilience Terrestrial ecosystem protection, restoration and rehabilitationAdaptation and resilience Already a Multi-Trillion-Dollar Market: CEO Guide to Growth in the Green Economy 47

Already a Multi-Trillion-Dollar Market 2025