Autonomous Vehicles 2025

Robotaxi ecosystem stakeholder mapping and remaining gaps TABLE 1 Role/Stakeholders Tasks At current trajectory, what is missing for scaling by 2030? Limited gaps Major gapsProductionVehicles Original equipment manufacturers (OEMs)Develop and produce vehicles tailored for robotaxi usage –Successful transformation to software-defined vehicles (SDVs) including new electrical/electronic (E/E) architecture AD tech Hardware and software suppliersDevelop AD software and hardware customized to local needs –Reliable safety performance across ODDs and regions –Easily scalable and affordable softwareEnablersFunding Venture capitalists, strategic investors, public- private partnershipsProvide funding for R&D and scaling –Secured funding for improving tech and scaling operations Regulation Governments, authoritiesSet regulation and homologation standards, provide licences, set zones –Harmonized regulation across cities and countries Insurance Insurance, risk analytics, reinsuranceDevelop risk assessment models and policies –Large-scale data availability for robust risk models and policiesOperationsInfrastructure Utilities, citiesProvide charging, vehicle-to everything (V2X) communication, pick-up zones; integrate in-traffic control –Dedicated inner-city robotaxi infrastructure (lanes, kerb spaces) –Integration in traffic management systems Fleet management OEMs, suppliers, ride- hailing, fleet managementHandle fleets and maintenance, determine service areas –Defined task distribution among OEMs, platforms, fleet management –Scalable fleet management frameworks Fleet control OEMs, suppliers, ride- hailing, fleet managementManage safety backup drivers, monitor fleet performance –Defined task distribution among OEMs, platforms, fleet management –Dedicated fleet control centres with specialized staff Platform Ride-hailing and Mobility as a Service (MaaS) platformsIntegrate robotaxis into platforms, ensure smooth interactions and support –Defined customer journey and smooth processes –Integration with fleet management and control providersUsageEducation Public groups, media, universitiesEducate on safety and benefits, advocate for equitable access –Large-scale education on capabilities and limitations –Analysis of societal benefit of large-scale fleets Customer B2B and B2C end usersUse robotaxis, engage in feedback loops –Trust to share streets with robotaxis as well as use them Autonomous Vehicles: Timeline and Roadmap Ahead 13