Blueprint to Close the Women%E2%80%99s Health Gap 2025

Endnotes 1. Remets, J., et al. (2020, July 8). Prioritizing health: A prescription for prosperity. McKinsey Global Institute. https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/healthcare/our-insights/prioritizing-health-a-prescription-for-prosperity 2. Arora, S. (2001). Health, human productivity, and long-term economic growth. The Journal of Economic History, 61(3), 699–749. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2698133 3. McKinsey & Company. (2023, March 16). Health meets wealth. https://www.mckinsey.com/featured-insights/sustainable- inclusive-growth/charts/health-meets-wealth 4. World Economic Forum & McKinsey Health Institute. (2024). Closing the women’s health gap: A $1 trillion opportunity to improve lives and economies. https://www.weforum.org/publications/closing-the-women-s-health-gap-a-1-trillion- opportunity-to-improve-lives-and-economies/ 5. Ibid. 6. Ibid. 7. Ford, N. D., et al. (2022, April 29). Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy and mortality at delivery hospitalization – United States, 2017–2019. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR), 71(17), 585–591. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih. gov/35482575/ 8. World Economic Forum & McKinsey Health Institute. (2024). Closing the women’s health gap: A $1 trillion opportunity to improve lives and economies. https://www.weforum.org/publications/closing-the-women-s-health-gap-a-1-trillion- opportunity-to-improve-lives-and-economies/ 9. Chumpalova, P ., et al. (2020, January 15). Prevalence and clinical picture of premenstrual syndrome in females from Bulgaria. Annals of general psychiatry, 19, 3. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12991-019-0255-1 10. Rossi, M. F., et al. (2022, June 8). Sex and gender differences in migraines: A narrative review. Neurological Sciences, 43(9), 5729–5734. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-022-06178-6 11. World Health Organization. (2023). Endometriosis. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/endometriosis 12. The $1 trillion economic impact does not include the gross domestic product (GDP) opportunity for commercial revenues of companies solving the problems. For example, the opportunity relating to menopause alone would double the size of the GDP impact. 13. World Economic Forum & McKinsey Health Institute. (2024). Analysis of Phase 3 and resulting trials for each condition, reviewing hazard ratio, overall survival and progression-free survival against the gender or race disparity. 14. Nowbar, A. N., et al. (2019). Mortality from heart disease. Circulation: Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes, 12(6), e005375. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31163980/ 15. Suman, S., Pravalika, J., Manjula, P ., & Farooq, U. (2023). Gender and CVD: Does it really matter? Current Problems in Cardiology, 48(5). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36690310/ 16. McKinsey & Company. (2024). The state of U.S. women’s heart health: A path to improved health and financial outcomes. https://www.mckinsey.com/mhi/our-insights/the-state-of-us-womens-heart-health-a-path-to-improved- health-and-financial-outcomes 17. World Economic Forum & McKinsey Health Institute. (2024). Analyses based on the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME)’s Global Burden of Disease Report 2021. https://www.healthdata.org/research-analysis/library/global- burden-disease-2021-findings-gbd-2021-study 18. World Health Organization. (2024, March 5). Cervical cancer. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/ cervical-cancer 19. LaVigne, A. W., Triedman, S. A., Randall, T. C., Trimble, E. L., & Viswanathan, A. N. (2017, November). Cervical cancer in low and middle income countries: Addressing barriers to radiotherapy delivery. Gynecologic Oncology Reports, 22, 16–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gore.2017.08.004 20. World Health Organization. (2024). Cervical cancer. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cervical-cancer 21. NIH, National Cancer Institute: Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program. (2024). Cancer stat facts: Cervical cancer. https://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/cervix.html 22. International Agency for Research on Cancer. (2024). Tanzania, United Republic of: Fact sheet. https://gco.iarc.who.int/ media/globocan/factsheets/populations/834-tanzania-united-republic-of-fact-sheet.pdf 23. Bruni, L., et al. (2022, August). Cervical cancer screening programmes and age-specific coverage estimates for 202 countries and territories worldwide: A review and synthetic analysis. The Lancet Global Health, 10(8), e1115–e1127. https://www.thelancet.com/journals/langlo/article/PIIS2214-109X(22)00241-8/fulltext 24. World Health Organization. (2020, November 17). A cervical cancer-free future: First-ever global commitment to eliminate a cancer [news release]. https://www.who.int/news/item/17-11-2020-a-cervical-cancer-free-future-first-ever-global- commitment-to-eliminate-a-cancer Blueprint to Close the Women’s Health Gap: How to Improve Lives and Economies for All 53