26. International Energy Agency (IEA). (2023). World Energy Outlook 2023. https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/ assets/86ede39e-4436-42d7-ba2a-edf61467e070/WorldEnergyOutlook2023.pdf. 27. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). (2023). Scaling Up the Mobilisation of Private Finance for Climate Action in Developing Countries: Challenges and Opportunities for International Providers. https://www.oecd. org/en/publications/scaling-up-the-mobilisation-of-private-finance-for-climate-action-in-developing-countries_17a88681- en.html. 28. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). (2024). The 13th Durban Forum on capacity- building – Advance Version. https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/sbi2024_14_adv.pdf. 29. Allen & Overy and Climate Policy Initiative (CPI). (2023). How big is the Net Zero financing gap? https://www. climatepolicyinitiative.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/How-big-is-the-Net-Zero-financing-gap-2023.pdf. 30. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). (2023). Scaling Up the Mobilisation of Private Finance for Climate Action in Developing Countries: Challenges and Opportunities for International Providers. https://www.oecd. org/en/publications/scaling-up-the-mobilisation-of-private-finance-for-climate-action-in-developing-countries_17a88681- en.html. 31. Ibikunle, Gbenga, Andros Gregoriou, and Naresh Pandit. (2013). Price Discovery and Trading After Hours: New Evidence from the World’s Largest Carbon Exchange. International Journal of the Economics of Business, 20(3), 421-445. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13571516.2013.782986. 32. Ibikunle, Gbenga, Andros Gregoriou, Andreas G.F. Hoepner and Mark Rhodes. (2016). Liquidity and market efficiency in the world’s largest carbon market. The British Accounting Review, 48(4), 431-447. https://www.sciencedirect.com/ science/article/pii/S0890838915300032. 33. Ananthakrishnan, P ., Loukoianova, E., Feng, A. X., & Oman, W. (2022). Mobilizing Private Climate Financing in Emerging and Developing Economies. International Monetary Fund (IMF), Staff Climate Note No 2022/007. https://www.imf.org/ en/Publications/staff-climate-notes/Issues/2022/07/26/Mobilizing-Private-Climate-Financing-in-Emerging-Market-and- Developing-Economies-520585. 34. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). (2023). Scaling Up the Mobilisation of Private Finance for Climate Action in Developing Countries: Challenges and Opportunities for International Providers. https://www.oecd. org/en/publications/scaling-up-the-mobilisation-of-private-finance-for-climate-action-in-developing-countries_17a88681- en.html. 35. United Nations Trade & Development (UNCTAD). (2023). World Investment Report: Investing in Sustainable Energy For All. https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/publications/1283/world-investment-report-2023-investing-in-sustainable-energy-for-all. 36. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). (2024). Climate Finance Provided and Mobilised by Developing Countries in 2013-2022. https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/climate-finance-provided-and-mobilised-by- developed-countries-in-2013-2022_19150727-en.html. 37. European Investment Bank (EIB) et al. (2024). Mobilization of Private Finance by Multilateral Development Banks and Development Finance Institutions 2022. https://www.eib.org/attachments/press/mdb-joint-report-mobilization-of-private- finance-2022.pdf. 38. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). (2024). The 13th Durban Forum on capacity- building – Advance Version. https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/sbi2024_14_adv.pdf. 39. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). (2024). Climate Finance Provided and Mobilised by Developing Countries in 2013-2022. https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/climate-finance-provided-and-mobilised-by- developed-countries-in-2013-2022_19150727-en.html. 40. Center for Global Development (CGDEV). (2023). Strengthening Multilateral Development Banks: The Triple Agenda - Report of the Independent Expert Group. https://www.cgdev.org/sites/default/files/triple-agenda-roadmap-better-bolder- and-bigger-mdbs.pdf. 41. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). (2023). [Longer Report]. Climate Change 2023: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/syr/. 42. United Nations Trade & Development (UNCTAD). (2023). World Investment Report: Investing in Sustainable Energy For All. https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/publications/1283/world-investment-report-2023-investing-in-sustainable-energy-for-all. 43. United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). (2023). Adaptation Gap Report 2023: Underfinanced. Underprepared – Inadequate investment and planning on climate adaption leaves world exposed. https://www.unep.org/adaptation-gap- report-2023. 44. International Energy Agency (IEA). (2023). World Energy Outlook 2023. https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/ assets/86ede39e-4436-42d7-ba2a-edf61467e070/WorldEnergyOutlook2023.pdf. 45. Ibid. 46. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). (2023). [Longer Report]. Climate Change 2023: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/syr/. 47. United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). (2023). Adaptation Gap Report 2023: Underfinanced. Underprepared – Inadequate investment and planning on climate adaption leaves world exposed. https://www.unep.org/adaptation-gap- report-2023. Bridging the Gap: How to Finance the Net-Zero Transition 32

Bridging the Gap How to Finance the Net Zero Transition 2025