Collecting Data on Social Enterprises 2025

Endnotes 1 World Economic Forum, “Global Data: The State of Social Enterprise”: https://initiatives.weforum.org/global-alliance-for- social-entrepreneurship/state-of-the-sector 2 World Economic Forum, “State of Social Enterprise: A Review of Global Data 2013-2023”, 2024: https://www3.weforum. org/docs/WEF_The_State_of_Social_Enterprise_2024.pdf 3 World Economic Forum, “Global Data: The State of Social Enterprise”: https://initiatives.weforum.org/global-alliance-for- social-entrepreneurship/state-of-the-sector 4 International Labour Organization, “Measuring the social and solidarity economy (SSE): A roadmap towards Guidelines concerning statistics of the SSE”, 2023: https://www.ilo.org/sites/default/files/wcmsp5/groups/ public/%40dgreports/%40stat/documents/meetingdocument/wcms_894547.pdf 5 United Nations Inter-Agency Task Force on the Social and Solidarity Economy (UNTFSSE), “Statistical Measurement of the Social and Solidarity Economy”, 2022: https://knowledgehub.unsse.org/knowledge-hub/statistical-measurement-of- the-social-and-solidarity-economy/ 6 UN Research Institute for Social Development (UNRISD), “Measuring the Scale and Impact of Social and Solidarity Economy”, 2018: https://cdn.unrisd.org/assets/library/briefs/pdf-files/ib9-measurement-sse.pdf 7 UN Statistics Division (UNSD), “Satellite Account on Non-profit and Related Institutions and Volunteer Work”, 2018: https://unstats.un.org/unsd/nationalaccount/docs/UN_TSE_HB_FNL_web.pdf 8 Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), “Mapping social and solidarity economy ecosystems around the world”, 2023: https://www.oecd.org/content/dam/oecd/en/topics/policy-sub-issues/social-economy-and- social-innovation/country-fact-sheets-sse-methodological-note.pdf 9 International Centre of Research and Information on the Public, Social and Cooperative Economy (CIRIEC) and European Union, “Benchmarking the socio-economic performance of the EU social economy”, 2024: https://op.europa.eu/en/ publication-detail/-/publication/8aa2a5cb-74a7-11ef-a8ba-01aa75ed71a1/language-en 10 British Council, “More in common: The global state of social enterprise, 2022”: https://www.britishcouncil.org/sites/ default/files/more_in_common_global_state_of_social_enterprise.pdf 11 Euclid Network, “European Social Enterprise Monitor: The State of Social Enterprise in Europe 2021–2022”, 2022: https://knowledgecentre.euclidnetwork.eu/european-social-enterprise-monitor-2021-2022/ 12 Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM), “GEM 2015 Report on Social Entrepreneurship”: https://www.gemconsortium. org/report/gem-2015-report-on-social-entrepreneurship 13 EMES International Research Network, “International Comparative Social Enterprise Models Project”, 2020: https://emes. net/research-projects/social-enterprise/icsem-project-home/ 14 CEIS, “Social Enterprise Census Scotland”, 2021: https://socialenterprisecensus.org.uk/wp-content/themes/census19/ pdf/2021-report.pdf 15 People and Planet First, “Get verified”, 2025: https://peopleandplanetfirst.org/ 16 Buy Social Canada, “Social Enterprise Certification”, 2025: https://www.buysocialcanada.com/services/social-enterprise- certification/ 17 It is important to note, however, that certain surveys were deliberately used as reference points for later studies. For instance, ESEM drew on SOSE while the Irish census was based on the Scottish census 18 This is not to advocate for consideration of this particular system of categorization as strictly definitive or normative, but merely to propose one possibility for organizing data in order to facilitate ease of comprehension 19 Global Impact Investing Network, “Impact Management Project Aligned Standards”: https://iris.thegiin.org/document/iris- and-impact-management-project/ 20 OECD, “DAC Guidelines and Reference Series”: https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/dac-guidelines-and-reference- series_19900988.html 21 European Union, “EU Code of Conduct for Data Sharing in the Social Economy”, 2024: https://social-economy-gateway. ec.europa.eu/document/download/7df46bca-aa41-4e40-a11c-1c0a1485b988_en?filename=EU%20Code%20of%20 Conduct%20for%20Data%20Sharing%20in%20the%20Social%20Economy.pdf 22 British Council, “The State of Social Enterprise in Ghana”, 2016: https://www.britishcouncil.org/sites/default/files/social- enterprise-report-ghana-2pp-digital.pdf 23 United Nations Inter-Agency Task Force on the Social and Solidarity Economy, “Producing Statistics on Social and Solidarity Economy: The State of the Art”, 2021: https://knowledgehub.unsse.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/WP- 2021-SSE-Stats-Bouchard-Salathe-Beaulieu.pdf 24 Ibid 25 Austria Wirtschaftsservice, “Verified Social Enterprise – Label”, 2025: https://www.aws.at/en/verified-social-enterprise- label/#:~:text=All%20social%20enterprises%20that%20meet,and%20used%20for%20public%20communication . Collecting Data on Social Enterprises: A Playbook for Practitioners 27