From Scarcity to Solutions 2025

Notes: 1) “mkt size 2030” represents the combined market size of all tech levers in China and the Middle East (M/East) by 2030. 2) “CAGR ’24-30” denotes the compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of the aggregated China and Middle East markets for each tech lever from 2024 to 2030. The % values in brackets represent the corresponding global market average CAGRs for the same tech levers and period. 3) UAE = United Arab Emirates, KSA = Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Sources: Grand View Research, UBS Investment Bank, BIS Research, Statista, FAO, BCG.37 — Bio-based soil conditioners — Biochar — BioremediationBIOENGINEERED SOIL IMPROVEMENT— Reducing reliance on chemicals: e.g. 15-40% chemical fertilizer replacement in China & M/East. — Soil health & productivity enhancement: a. Biochar: incr eases soil organic carbon by 10-30% and water retention capacity by 15-25%. b. Bio-based soil conditioners: increase soil aggr egate stability by 30-45%. c. Bioremediation: rapidly r estor es productivity in moderately degraded soils.— Regions with soil degraded by industrial pollution. — e.g. China, Middle East, South East Asia, Brazil.— Sensors — Contr ollersSMAR T IRRIGA TION— Water conservation: e.g. in M/East, reduces water usage by 50% (vs conventional). — Agricultural productivity: e.g. in China, 10%-20% incr ease in cr op yields. — Environmental benefits: pr events soil erosion and nutrient runof f (reducing pollution), lowers water use, cuts energy consumption.— Arid/semi-arid zones, e.g. Middle East, North Africa. — Major agri-ar eas, e.g. China, India. $3.7 bn(vs 20.9%)21.0% $0.1 bn(vs 13.7%)14.2% — Recyclable and r ecycled content packaging — Reusable packaging systems — Bio-degradablesSUST AINABLE P ACKAGING— Plastics crisis & recycling: e.g. China and M/East pr oduce 40%+ of global plastics, with only 10-30% single-use- plastic r ecycling rates (vs 60% in leading countries).— Large, eco-conscious consumer markets. — e.g. China, Middle East (UAE, KSA).$61.5 bn(vs 6.5%)7.6% — Improved efficiency — Switch to r enewable energy — Alternative r efrigerants — New energy fleets — Route optimizationGREEN PRODUCTION AND LOGISTICS— Carbon emissions reduction: e.g. in China & M/East food & water systems, production & logistics account for 20-30% of total GHG emissions. — Operational efficiency: efficient r outes slash energy & costs. — Business benefits: gr een-compliant businesses can avoid penalties and boost brand value.— Regions with large-scale food & water manufacturing and logistics demand. — e.g. China, Brazil, India, Indonesia.$15.3 bn(vs 22.5%)24.4% — End-to-end traceability — Real-time data sharingBLOCKCHAIN TRACEABILITY— Food & water safety: enables rapid identification of contaminated items and minimizes food fraud. — Efficiency gains: e.g. China & M/East food & water supply chains can save up to $32 billion annually .— Global food trade hubs. — e.g. China, Brazil, Argentina. $7.3 bn(vs 8.8%)8.9% — Food r ecycling & r e-use — Bio-r emediated water purification — Water r eclamationFOOD AND W ATER CIRCULARITY— Waste minimization: e.g. China & M/East waste 75 million tonnes of food/yr ~8% of global total. — Resource utilization: e.g. in China, Shanghai captur es 78% of domestic food waste for biogas. — Environmental protection: r educes pollution and carbon emissions.— Regions with megacities, e.g. China, India. — Arid/semi-arid r egions, e.g. Middle East, North Africa. $5.6 bn(vs 9.5%)9.7% From Scarcity to Solutions: Food-Water Innovation in Asia and the Middle East 15