Contextual indicators Regional average Income Gr oup average Labour for ce par ticipation (2023) 62% Vulnerable employment (2022) 11% Share of youth not in employment, educat ion, or training (NEET)(2023) 10% Unemployment rate (2023) 11% Unemployment rate among workers w ith bas ic edu.(2023) 16% Unemployment rate among workers w ith advanced edu.(2023) 7%Secondar y Educat ion Atta inment(2023) 55% Tertiary Educat ion Atta inment (2023) 35% Ease of ﬁnd ing sk illed employees in local labour market(2024) 4 Fill vacanc ies by h iring for eign labour(2024) 4 Countr y investment in mid-car eer training(2022) 3 Jobs and Skills outlook 19% Global 22% Labour-market churn Five-year structural labour -force chur n37% Global 39% Skill disruption Shares of cor e skills wh ich w ill change86% Global 83% Organizations with DEI priorities Share of organ izations w ith DEI pr iorities95% Global 88% AI exposure Share of organ izations runn ing AI pr ogrammes Trend outlook Macrotrends driving business transformation Share of organ izations surveyed that ident iﬁed th is trend as l ikely to dr ive transfor mation in the ir organ ization Economy Global Increased effor ts and investments to r educe carbon…64% 47% Broaden ing d igital access62% 60% Rising cost of l iving, h igher prices or inﬂat ion53% 50% Increased focus on labour and social issues49% 46% Ageing and decl ining work ing- age populat ions46% 40% Slower econom ic growth44% 42%Increased effor ts and investments to adapt to cl imate …43% 41% Increased geopol itical d ivision and conﬂicts36% 34% Increased r estrictions to global trade and investment26% 23% Growing work ing-age populat ions22% 24% Increased gover nment subs idies and industr ial pol icy18% 21% Stricter ant i-trust and compet ition regulat ions16% 17% Technology trends Technology trends driving business transformation Share of organ izations surveyed that ident ify the technology tr end as l ikely to dr ive bus iness transfor mation Economy Global AI and information pr ocess ing technolog ies (b ig data, VR, AR…88% 86% Robots and autonomous systems63% 58% Energy generat ion, storage and distribution50% 41% New mater ials and compos ites30% 30% Semiconductors and comput ing technolog ies22% 20%Sens ing, laser and opt ical technolog ies16% 18% Quantum and encr yption13% 12% Biotechnology and gene technolog ies12% 11% Satell ites and space technolog ies6% 9% Jobs outlook Key roles for business transformation Roles most selected by organ izations surveyed, or dered by net r ole gr owth, and the ir net gr owth and structural chur n (per cent) Net growth Job Gr owth Job d isplacement Net Gr owth Global net gr owth 1.Net gr owth 2.Global net gr owth 3.Chur n NET GROWTH 1. 2. 3. AI and Mach ine Lear ning Spec ialists57 8257 Data Analysts and Sc ientists 47 4147 Business Development Profess ionals18 1918 General and Operat ions Managers0 413 Data Entr y Clerks -16 -2619 Adm inistrat ive Ass istants and Execut ive Secr etaries-24 -2024Skill outlook Skills of increasing use by 2030 Skills of the most increase in use by 2030 Economy Global CORE SKILLS OF 2025 Resilience, ﬂex ibility and ag ility 77% Empathy and act ive listen ing 69% Leadersh ip and soc ial inﬂuence 66% Analyt ical th inking 63% Motivation and self-awar eness 63%SKILLS OF INCREASING USE BY 2030 AI and b ig data 91% Networks and cybersecur ity 77% Leadersh ip and soc ial inﬂuence 73% Technolog ical literacy 72% Curiosity and l ifelong lear ning 70%1 / 2 Economy Proﬁle SpainWorking Age Population (Millions) 36.4 INDICA TORS min max INDICA TORS min max -100% 100% 0 Future of Jobs Report 2025 198