GGGR 2023

Global Gender Gap Report 2023172Economy Profile EstoniaScore 0.782Rank 22ndPage 2 of 2 Complementary Targets and Contextual Indicators 2023 General indicators IndicatorUnit Value GDPUS$ billions 37.19 GDP per capitaconstant '17, intl. $ 1000 38.72 Population sex ratiofemale/male 1.11 Population growth rate% 0.11 IndicatorMillion people Female Male Value Total population 0.70 0.63 1.33 Work participation and leadership IndicatorUnit Value Gender pay gap% (OECD countries only) 19.60 Share of women's membership in boards% (OECD countries only) 9.10 Firms with female majority ownership% firms 16.20 Firms with female top managers% firms 22.50 Share of workers in informal sector% workers 9.10 Indicator1-7 (best) Value Advancement of women to leadership roles 5.87 IndicatorUnit Female Male Value Unemployed adults% of labour force (15-64) 5.40 6.30 5.90 Workers employed part-time% of employed people 38.62 26.23 32.34 Proportion of time spent on unpaid domestic and care work% n. a. n. a. n. a. IndicatorMillion people Female Male Value Labour-force 0.33 0.34 0.66 Access to finance Indicator0-1 (Equal rights) Value Access to financial services Equal rights Inheritance rights for widows and daughters Equal rights Access to land assets Equal rights Access to non-land assets Equal rights Civil and political freedom IndicatorUnit Value Year women received right to voteyear 1918 Number of female heads of state to datenumber 2 Seats held in upper house% total seats n. a. IndicatorYes/No Value Election list quotas for women, national n. a. Party membership quotas, voluntary n. a. Indicator0-1 (Equal rights) Value Access to justice Equal rights Freedom of movement Equal rightsFamily and care IndicatorUnit Value Public spending on family benefits% GPD 3.21 Unmet family planning% women 15-49 9.30 Early marriage% 0.50 Mean age of women at birth of first childyears 28.20 Indicator0-1 (Equal rights) Value Right to divorce Equal rights IndicatorDays Female Male Value Length of parental leave 100.00 0 475.00 Education and skills GraduatesAttainment % Female Male Parity STEM Graduates 38.38 61.62 0.62 Agri., Forestry, Fisheries & Veterinary 57.89 42.11 1.37 Arts & Humanities 70.45 29.55 2.38 Business, Admin. & Law 68.65 31.35 2.19 Education n. a. n. a. n. a. Engineering, Manuf. & Construction n. a. n. a. n. a. Health & Welfare n. a. n. a. n. a. Information & Comm. Technologies 28.89 71.11 0.41 Natural Sci., Mathematics & Statistics 63.86 36.14 1.77 Social Sci., Journalism & Information 74.38 25.62 2.90 Vocational training 8.71 13.57 0.64 PhD graduates 0.85 1.03 0.93 Graduates% Female Male Value Graduates from tertiary education 6.05 2.32 4.16 Health IndicatorUnit Value Prevalence of gender violence in lifetime% women 20.00 Births attended by skilled personnel% live births 99.60 Maternal mortalitydeaths per 100,000 live births 9.00 Total fertility ratebirths per woman 1.58 Indicator0-1 (Equal rights) Value Reproductive autonomy Equal rights *Scores are on a 0 to 1 scale, where 1 represents the optimal situation or “parity”. Please see Appendix A and B for detailed methodology, definitions, sources and periods. **For all indicators, except the two health indicators, parity is benchmarked at 1. In the case of sex ratio at birth, the gender parity benchmark is set at 0.944 (see Klasen and Wink, 2003). In the case of healthy life expectancy the gender parity benchmark is set at 1.06, given women's longer life expectancy.