GGGR 2023

principle, able to accommodate all of its school-age population, but it does not indicate the proportion already enrolled. The achievement of a GER of 100% is therefore a necessary but not sufficient condition for enrolling all eligible children in school. Period : 2021 or most recent year available. Source : UNESCO, UIS.Stat education statistics data portal. Enrolment in tertiary education, % Total enrolment in tertiary education (gross rate), regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the most recent five-year age cohort that has left secondary school. Tertiary education consists of ISCED levels 5 to 8, and gross enrolment data should be examined within the context of a country structure regarding military service as well as propensity of students to seek education abroad. Period : 2021 or most recent year available. Source : UNESCO, UIS.Stat education statistics data portal. Sex ratio at birth, % Sex ratio at birth refers to male births per female births. The data represents five-year averages. Period : 2020 or most recent year available. Source : World Bank, World Development Indicators database. Healthy life expectancy, years Average number of years that a person of each gender can expect to live in full health, calculated by taking into account years lived in less than full health due to disease and/or injury. Period : 2019 or most recent year available. Source : World Health Organization (WHO), Global Health Observatory data repository. Women in parliament, % Percentage of women holding parliamentary seats as a share of total parliamentary seats. In instances where a parliamentary system is bicameral, the figure used is the one for the lower house. Period : Data as of 1 February 2023. Source : Inter-parliamentary Union (IPU). Women in ministerial positions, % Percentage of women holding ministerial portfolios as a share of total ministry positions in each government. Some overlap between ministers and heads of government that also hold a ministerial portfolio may occur. IPU-UN Women does not provide information for two of the 146 countries (Myanmar and Afghanistan) included in the sample. We consider the share of women holding cabinet positions in these two contexts to be zero. Period : Data as of 1 January 2023. Source : Inter-parliamentary Union-UN Women. Years with female/male head of state (last 50) The number of years in the past fifty-year period for which a woman has held a post equivalent to an elected head of state or head of government in the country. It takes into account prime ministers and/ or presidents. Royalties are not considered. Period : 1 March 1973 – 1 March 2023. Source : World Economic Forum’s calculations. Contextual Indicators General indicators GDP , current US$ billions Gross domestic product (GDP) at purchaser’s prices is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. Period : 2021 or most recent year. Source : World Bank. GDP per capita, PPP (constant 2017 international $) Per capita value for gross domestic product (GDP) expressed in current international dollars converted by purchasing power parity (PPP) conversion factor. Period : 2021 or most recent year. Source : World Bank. Total population, million people Estimate of the number of people of all ages living in a country, regardless of residency status or citizenship (except for refugees not permanently settled in the country of asylum who are generally considered part of the population of their country of origin). Period : 2022. Source : United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, World Population Prospects . Global Gender Gap Report 2023 68