GGGR 2023

Period : Moving average 2021-2022 or most recent year available (no earlier than 2019-2020). Source : World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey (EOS). Estimated earned income, int’l $1,000s The estimated female earned income is a proxy for how much command women have over a country’s economic resources. For each country, it is computed using female and male shares of the economically active population, the ratio of the female to male wages (both indicators are sourced from the ILO), gross domestic product valued at constant 2017 international dollars (IMF), and female and male shares of population (World Bank). The methodology used to compute this indicator is adapted from the methodology developed by the United Nations Development Programme’s Human Development Report Office for computing the Gender Development Index (UNDP , 2021-2022, pages 6-7).13 Female and male wage measures used in the computation of the gender wage ratio correspond to the mean nominal monthly earnings of female and male employees, respectively. In the absence of wage data, a gender wage ratio of 0.75 is used in the computation of the wage bill. ILO’s measure of earning corresponds to the mean of monthly earnings of all employees in nominal terms. The earnings of employees relate to the gross remuneration in cash and in kind paid to employees, as a rule at regular intervals, for time worked or work done together with remuneration for time not worked, such as annual vacation, other type of paid leave or holidays. Earnings exclude employers’ contributions with respect to employees’ social security and pension schemes and also the benefits received by employees under these schemes. Earnings also exclude severance and termination pay. Statistics of earnings relate to the gross remuneration of employees, i.e. the total before any deductions are made by the employer. The measurement period of this indicator corresponds to that of the wage data. In the Economy Profiles, values reported are the estimated average annual earned income per capita in constant 2017 international dollars for women and men, respectively, and the ratio of the two values. Period : 2021 or most recent year available. Source : International Labour Organization (ILO), ILOSTAT ; International Monetary Fund (IMF), World Economic Outlook ; World Bank, World Development Indicators . Legislators, senior officials and managers, % Ratio of women to men employed in senior roles, defined by the ILO as those who plan, direct, coordinate and evaluate the overall activities of enterprises, governments and other organizations, or of organizational units within them, and formulate and review their policies, laws, rules and regulations. It corresponds to Major Group 1 of the International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO-08).14 Period : 2022 or most recent year available. Source : International Labour Organization (ILO), ILOSTAT . Professional and technical workers, % Ratio of women to men employed in professional and technical roles, defined by the ILO as those who increase the existing stock of knowledge, apply scientific or artistic concepts and theories or those who perform technical and related tasks that require advanced knowledge and skill. It corresponds to the sum of Major Groups 2 and 3 of the International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO-08). Period : 2022 or most recent year available. Source : International Labour Organization (ILO), ILOSTAT . Literacy rate, % Percentage of the adult population (women and men over 15 years of age) with the ability to both read and write and make simple arithmetic calculations. For advanced economies for which data was unavailable in the last 10 years, the authors assumed based on older data that the gender gap on literacy rate is closed. Period : 2021 or most recent year available. Source : UNESCO, UIS.Stat education statistics data portal; when not available, data is sourced from the UNDP Human Development Reports , most recent data available. Enrolment in primary education, % Percentage of girls and boys in the official primary school age range (Net Enrolment rate in Primary education) who are enrolled in primary education (International Standard Classification of Education [ISCED] 1).15 Period : 2021 or most recent year available. Source : UNESCO, UIS.Stat education statistics data portal. Enrolment in secondary education, % Based on Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER). Measures the percentage of girls and boys enrolled in secondary education, regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the official school-age population corresponding to secondary education. A high GER generally indicates a high degree of participation, whether the pupils belong to the official age group or not. A GER value approaching or exceeding 100% indicates that a country is, in Global Gender Gap Report 2023 67