Global Aviation Sustainability Outlook 2025

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–Japan . SAF Ecosystem in Japan | ICF; Japan aims to tighten SAF supply regulations | Latest Market News. –South Korea. South Korea to provide tax breaks to refiners, mandate 1% SAF use from 2027; S Korea’s SK Energy supplies first SAF cargo to Europe | Latest Market News. 46. Business Environment Council and Hong Kong Sustainable Aviation Fuel Coalition. (2024). Sustainable Aviation Fuel Strategy for Hong Kong: Policy Whitepaper prepared by Business Environment Council Limited. https://bec.org.hk/sites/ default/files/publications/SAF%20Strategy%20for%20HK.pdf. 47. Brazil Government, Presidēncia da República. (2024). Lula enacts Fuel of the Future law: “Brazil will drive the world’s largest energy revolution”. https://www.gov.br/planalto/en/latest-news/2024/10/lula-enacts-fuel-of-the-future-law- 201cbrazil-will-drive-the-worlds-largest-energy-revolution201d. 48. Co-processing refers to an operating crude oil refinery that still runs crude oil but has augmented its processes to include renewable material as part of its intermediate feedstocks. Currently the most common form of co-processing is to run lipids as a minor share of the feed to a retrofitted hydrotreater to produce finished distillate fuels with renewable content. 49. European Commission. (2024). The future of European competitiveness: Report by Mario Draghi. https://commission. europa.eu/topics/eu-competitiveness/draghi-report_en. 50. ResourceWise. (2025). Uncertainty Persists in US Biofuels as 45Z Delayed 90 Days. https://www.resourcewise.com/ environmental-blog/uncertainty-persists-in-us-biofuels-as-45z-delayed-90-days . 51. Department for Transport, UK Government. (2025). Government response to the consultation on Sustainable Aviation Fuels Revenue Certainty Mechanism. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/679a0f8fa39e422368d10dce/dft- saf-revenue-certainty-mechanism-government-response.pdf. 52. European Commission. (2024). Mission Letter: President of the European Commission to Apostolos Tzitzikostas, Commissioner for Sustainable Transport and Tourism. https://commission.europa.eu/document/download/cfbadcff- 1ab4-4afa-b890-3d70cefeb00c_en?filename=mission-letter-tzitzikostas.pdf. 53. G20 South Africa 2025. (2024). Issue Note: Energy Transitions Working Group. https://g20.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/ G20-ETWG-Issue-Note_30-January-2025.pdf. 54. International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). (2024). CORSIA States for Chapter 3 State Pairs. https://www.icao.int/ environmental-protection/CORSIA/Documents/CORSIA%20States%20for%20Chapter%203%20State%20Pairs_5Ed_ Rev_web.pdf. 55. International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). (2024). CORSIA Eligible Emissions Units. https://www.icao.int/ environmental-protection/CORSIA/Documents/CORSIA%20Eligible%20Emissions%20Units/CORSIA_EEU_Oct2024.pdf . 56. Abatable. (2024) CORSIA carbon credit demand expected to outstrip supply by 2030 – Abatable analysis. https://abatable.com/blog/corsia-carbon-credit-demand-expected-to-outstrip-supply-by-2030/. 57. Carbon Pulse. (2025). US airlines to carry big demand for Phase 1 CORSIA eligible credits. https://carbon-pulse. com/361812/. 58. European Union. (2024). New monitoring rules agreed for the EU ETS, including non-CO2 emissions from the aviation sector. https://climate.ec.europa.eu/news-your-voice/news/new-monitoring-rules-agreed-eu-ets-including-non-co2- emissions-aviation-sector-2024-08-30_en. 59. CityAM. (2024). Easyjet, Ryanair and Wizz Air urge Brussels to ignore airline lobbying against contrail crackdown. https://www.cityam.com/easyjet-ryanair-and-wizz-air-urge-brussels-to-ignore-airline-lobbying-against-contrail- crackdown/. 60. Jessen, J. (2024). Google & American Airlines’ AI Aviation Contrail Reduction. Sustainability Magazine. https://sustainabilitymag. com/articles/google-american-airlines-ai-aviation-contrail-reduction. 61. University of Cambridge. (2024). Five Years to Chart a New Future for Aviation. https://report.aiazero.org/. 62. Palm Oil Magazine. (2025). Indonesia Tightens Export Regulations on POME and Used Cooking Oil. https://www. palmoilmagazine.com/regulation/2025/01/15/indonesia-tightens-export-regulations-on-pome-and-used-cooking-oil/. 63. Norways, K. and Clyne, H. (2024). EU imposes anti-dumping duties targeting cheap Chinese biodiesel imports. S&P Global. https://www.spglobal.com/commodity-insights/en/news-research/latest-news/agriculture/081624-eu-imposes- anti-dumping-duties-targeting-cheap-chinese-biodiesel-imports. 64. Roundtable on Sustainable Biomaterials (RSB). (2024). Sustainable feedstock assessment for Sustainable Aviation Fuel Production in Southeast Asia. https://rsb.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/rsb-sustainable-feedstock-assessment-saf- in-southeast-asia.pdf. 65. International Energy Agency (IEA). (2024). Towards Common Criteria for Sustainable Fuels. https://www.iea.org/reports/ towards-common-criteria-for-sustainable-fuels. 66. European Commission. (2024). Frequently asked questions on the EU taxonomy. https://finance.ec.europa.eu/publications/ frequently-asked-questions-eu-taxonomy_en. 67. European Commission. (2024). Commission and national consumer protection authorities starts action against 20 airlines for misleading greenwashing practices. https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_24_2322. 68. Arena, L. (2024). Virgin Atlantic Flight 100 ad banned over ‘misleading’ SAF claim. Business Travel News Europe. https://www.businesstravelnewseurope.com/Air-Travel/Virgin-Atlantic-Flight-100-advert-banned-over-misleading-SAF-claim. 69. Sterling, T. and Plucinska, J. (2024). Dutch court finds KLM ads were misleading in ‘greenwashing’ case. Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/business/aerospace-defense/dutch-court-rule-klm-greenwashing-case-2024-03-20/. Global Aviation Sustainability Outlook 2025 41
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