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168. DHL. (2025, 18 November). DHL Express and Phillips 66 advance sustainable aviation fuel usage in the U.S. through
multi-year agreement [Press release]. https://group.dhl.com/en/media-relations/press-releases/2025/dhl-express-and-
phillips-66-advance-sustainable-aviation-fuel-usage.html
169. The Stat Trade Times. (2025). DHL, Cathay partner on SAF to cut air cargo emissions in Asia. https://www.stattimes.
com/latest-news/dhl-cathay-partner-on-saf-to-cut-air-cargo-emissions-in-asia-1356184
170. DHL. (2025, 18 December). DHL expands partnership with Air France KLM Martinair Cargo, signs new framework
agreement for emission reduction rights [Press release]. https://group.dhl.com/en/media-relations/press-releases/2025/
dhl-expands-partnership-with-air-france-klm-martinair-cargo.html
171. Potter, L. (2026). What Does Fedex’s Deal Mean for Sustainable Aviation Fuels? Sustainability Magazine.
https://sustainabilitymag.com/news/what-does-fedexs-deal-mean-for-sustainable-aviation-fuels
172. Oneworld. (2025, 17 September). oneworld alliance, airlines and Breakthrough Energy Ventures launch investment fund
to advance and commercialize Sustainable Aviation Fuel technologies [Press release]. https://www.oneworld.com/news/
oneworld-alliance-airlines-and-breakthrough-energy-ventures-launch
173. Cathay Pacific. (2025). Cathay and Airbus form co-investment partnership for scaling sustainable aviation fuel adoption .
https://news.cathaypacific.com/cathay-and-airbus-form-co-investment-partnership-for-scaling-sustainable-aviation-fuel-
adoption
174. Moeve. (2026, 8 January). Moeve and Galp negotiating to combine downstream activities to form leading European
Energy and Mobility platforms [Press release]. https://www.moeveglobal.com/en/press/moeve-galp-negotiate-combine-
downstream-activities
175. Bioenergy Insight. (2026). VARO completes acquisition to create VAROPreem. https://www.bioenergy-news.com/news/
varo-completes-acquisition-to-create-varopreem/
176. Co-processing refers to the process of producing SAF by using a proportion of sustainable feedstocks in conventional
refineries.
177. de Mur, A. et al. (2025). Costs and Margins Dictate the Future for Refiners. Boston Consulting Group (BCG).
https://www.bcg.com/publications/2025/future-of-refiners-dictated-by-costs-and-margins
178. Gelder, A. et al. (2025). Global refinery closure outlook to 2035. Wood Mackenzie. https://www.woodmac.com/news/
opinion/global-refinery-closure-outlook-2035/
179. Skjaeveland, A. & Selvaraju, K. (2025). Fewer refineries, greater capacity: Middle East and Asia lead the charge.
RystadEnergy. https://www.rystadenergy.com/news/fewer-refineries-greater-capacity-middle-east-asia-lead-charge
180. International Energy Agency (IEA). (2025). World Energy Outlook 2025: Executive summary. https://www.iea.org/reports/
world-energy-outlook-2025/executive-summary
181. Patrahau, I. et al. (2025). European Military Fuel Readiness: The Role of Alternative Fuels in Military Logistics. The
Hague Centre for Strategic Studies. https://hcss.nl/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/European-Military-Fuel-Readiness-
HCSS-2025.pdf
182. Sources:
– UK Government, Ministry of Defence. (2022). Royal Air Force completes world-first sustainable fuel military transporter
flight. https://www.gov.uk/government/news/royal-air-force-completes-world-first-sustainable-fuel-military-transporter-
flight
– Royal Air Force. (2023). RAF Voyager refuels mid-air with Sustainable Aviation Fuel. https://www.raf.mod.uk/news/
articles/raf-voyager-refuels-mid-air-with-sustainable-aviation-fuel/
183. Cooper, A. & Ronald, I. (2025). Airlines race to fix Airbus planes after warning solar radiation could cause pilots to lose
control. Cable News Network (CNN). https://edition.cnn.com/2025/11/28/us/a320-series-fixes
184. De Quero Cordero, A. & Parolini, G. (2025). What airports can learn from the Iberian power outage. World Economic
Forum. https://www.weforum.org/stories/2025/06/what-airports-can-learn-from-the-iberian-power-outage/
185. International Airport Review. (2025). Hong Kong airport handles 600 flights amid Typhoon Ragasa.
https://www.internationalairportreview.com/news/296602/hong-kong-airport-handles-600-flights-amid-typhoon-ragasa/
186. Le Monde. (2025). Flights suspended at Marseille Airport due to nearby wildfire. https://www.lemonde.fr/en/transport/
article/2025/07/08/flights-suspended-at-marseille-airport-due-to-nearby-wildfire_6743153_216.html
187. The Guardian. (2025). Three dead as Texas-Mexico border hit by severe flooding. https://www.theguardian.com/us-
news/2025/mar/28/texas-border-flooding
188. Such data could include: climate-risk assessments that analyse historical weather data and projections of future climate
change to identify the key risks to an airport and how these might evolve in the future. More specifically, this data could
include changes in temperature extremes and their effects on runway surfaces, and data on changes in heavy rainfall and
flood risk (for simulating worst-case scenarios).
189. Reuters. (2025). Hong Kong’s airlines evacuate planes as they wait out Typhoon Ragasa. https://www.reuters.com/world/
china/hong-kongs-airlines-evacuate-planes-they-wait-out-typhoon-ragasa-2025-09-24/
190. Asiedu, K.G. et al. (2025). Thousands of US flights cancelled or delayed over government shutdown cuts.
British Broadcasting Company (BBC). https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c20eq1vnjj5o
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