Endnotes 1. The category of smallest organizations by annual revenue in the Global cybersecurity outlook 2024 data is <$250 million; the category of medium is between $250 million and $5.5 billion; and the category of large is > $5.5 billion. 2. World Economic Forum. (2024, January). Global cybersecurity outlook 2024. https://www3.weforum.org/docs/ WEF_Global_Cybersecurity_Outlook_2024.pdf. 3. World Economic Forum. (2024, January 10). Global risks report 2024. https://www.weforum.org/publications/ global-risks-report-2024/. 4. World Economic Forum. (2024, October). Chief risk officers outlook: October 2024. https://www.weforum.org/ publications/chief-risk-officers-outlook-october-2024/#:~:text=Chief%20risk%20officers%20are%20 most,anticipating%20volatile%20conditions%20has%20increased. 5. Ibid. 6. Fung, B. (2024). We finally know what caused the global tech outage – and how much it cost. CNN. https://edition.cnn.com/2024/07/24/tech/crowdstrike-outage-cost-cause/index.html. 7. Dor, D. (2024, October 22). We must reduce complexity to ensure strong cybersecurity. Here’s why. World Economic Forum. https://www.weforum.org/stories/2024/10/strong-cybersecurity-reduce-complexity-risk-cyber/. 8. National Cyber Security Centre. (2024, January 24).The near-term impact of AI on the cyber threat assessment. https://www.ncsc.gov.uk/report/impact-of-ai-on-cyber-threat. 9. Europol. (2024, April 18). International investigation disrupts phishing-as-a-service platform LabHost. https://www.europol. europa.eu/media-press/newsroom/news/international-investigation-disrupts-phishing-service-platform-labhost. 10. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. (2023, September). Casinos, cyber fraud, and trafficking in persons for forced criminality in Southeast Asia. https://www.unodc.org/roseap/uploads/documents/Publications/2023/TiP_ for_FC_Policy_Report.pdf. 11. BBC. (2024, August 23). China scam run from Isle of Man. https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cz6x1ql1yelo. 12. Rogers, S. (2024, November 7). International scammers steal over $1 trillion in 12 months in global state of scams report 2024. Global Anti-Scam Alliance. https://www.gasa.org/post/global-state-of-scams-report-2024-1-trillion-stolen-in-12- months-gasa-feedzai. 13. BBC. (2024, June 14). Hospitals cyber attack impacts 800 operations. https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cd11v377eywo. 14. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. (2024). Transnational organized crime and the convergence of cyber-enabled fraud, underground banking and technological innovation in Southeast Asia: A shifting threat landscape. https://www.unodc.org/roseap/uploads/documents/Publications/2024/TOC_Convergence_Report_2024.pdf . 15. Accenture. (2024, July 30). Beyond the illusion – unmasking the real threats of deepfakes. https://www.accenture.com/ us-en/blogs/security/beyond-illusion-unmasking-real-threats-deepfakes. 16. Antoniuk, D. (2024, April 23). Russian hackers target 20 energy facilities in Ukraine amid intense missile strikes. The Record by Recorded Future. https://therecord.media/russian-hackers-target-energy-facilities-ukraine. 17. Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency. (2024, February 23). Top cyber actions for securing water systems. https://www.cisa.gov/resources-tools/resources/top-cyber-actions-securing-water-systems. 18. CNN. (2024, October 8). American Water, the largest water utility in US, is targeted by a cyberattack. https://edition.cnn.com/2024/10/08/business/american-water-cyberattack-hnk-intl/index.html. 19. Sebouai, L. (2024, July 12). AI, cyber-attacks and amateur experiments threaten to upend global biosecurity, WHO warns. The Telegraph. https://www.telegraph.co.uk/global-health/terror-and-security/ai-cyber-attacks-and-amateur- experiments-threaten-to-upend/. 20. World Health Organization. (2024). Laboratory biosecurity guidance. https://iris.who.int/bitstream/hand le/10665/377754/9789240095113-eng.pdf?sequence=1. 21. Stawiska, Z. (2024, July 11). Biosecurity guide warns of risks from AI, cyber-attacks, and amateur experiments. Health Policy Watch. https://healthpolicy-watch.news/biosecurity-guide-warns-of-risks-from-ai-cyber-attacks-and-amateur-experiments/. 22. National Cybersecurity Center of Excellence (NCCoE). (n.d.). Cybersecurity and privacy for genomic data. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). Retrieved December 5, 2024, from https://www.nccoe.nist.gov/ projects/cybersecurity-and-privacy-genomic-data. 23. Sanger, D. E., et al. (2024, November 22). Emerging details of Chinese hack leave US officials increasingly concerned. The New York Times https://www.nytimes.com/2024/11/22/us/politics/chinese-hack-telecom-white-house.html. 24. Poirier, C. (2024, October). Hacking the cosmos: Cybersecurity in space (Cyber Reports 2024, 10). Center for Security Studies, ETH Zurich. https://ethz.ch/content/dam/ethz/special-interest/gess/cis/center-for-securities-studies/pdfs/cyber- reports-2024-10-hacking-the-cosmos.pdf. 25. Astier, H., & Kirby, P . (2024, November 19). Germany suspects sabotage over severed undersea cables in Baltic. BBC News. https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c9dl4vxw501o. Global Cybersecurity Outlook 2025 47