Global Risks Report 2025

Page 42 of 104 · WEF_Global_Risks_Report_2025.pdf

54. Badman, Annie and Matthew Kosinski, “What is AI security?”, IBM, 5 June 2024, https://www.ibm.com/think/topics/ai- security. 55. Shin, Donghee, et al., “Countering algorithmic bias and disinformation and effectively harnessing the power of AI in media”, Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, vol. 99(4), 2022, https://pure.uva.nl/ws/fil es/111307539/10776990221129245.pdf. 56. European Data Protection Supervisor, Synthetic Data, https://www.edps.europa.eu/press-publications/publications/ techsonar/synthetic-data_en. 57. UN General Assembly, “Contemporary forms of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance”, Human Rights Council, 3 June 2024, https://documents.un.org/doc/undoc/gen/g24/084/20/pdf/g2408420.pdf. 58. Peters, Uwe, “Algorithmic Political Bias in Artificial Intelligence Systems”, Philosophy & Technology, vol. 35, no. 2, 30 March 2022, https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8967082/. 59. Ibid. 60. US National Institute of Standards and Technology, There’s more to AI Bias than Biased Data, NIST Report Highlights, 16 March 2022 https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news/2022/03/theres-more-ai-bias-biased-data-nist-report-highlights. 61. World Economic Forum and Berlin Government Technology Centre, in collaboration with Capgemini, The Global Public Impact of GovTech: A $9.8 Trillion Opportunity, January 2025, https://reports.weforum.org/docs/ WEF_The_Global_ Public_Impact_of_GovTech_2025.pdf. 62. Sharon, Tamar and Raphaël Gellert, “Regulating Big Tech expansionism? Sphere transgressions and the limits of Europe’s digital regulatory strategy”, Information, Communication and Society, 16 August 2023, https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/ full/10.1080/1369118X.2023.2246526. 63. Khanal, Shaleen, Hongzhou Zhang and Araz Taeihagh, “Why and how is the power of Big Tech increasing in the policy process? The case of generative AI”, Policy and Society, 27 March 2024, https://academic.oup.com/policyandsociety/ advance-article/doi/10.1093/polsoc/puae012/7636223. 64. World Economic Forum, Earning Digital Trust: Decision-Making for Trustworthy Technologies, 15 November 2022, https:// www.weforum.org/publications/earning-digital-trust-decision-making-for-trustworthy-technologies/. 65. Königs, Peter, “Government Surveillance, Privacy, and Legitimacy”, Philosophy & Technology, vol. 35, no. 8, 5 February 2022, https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13347-022-00503-9. 66. Feast, Josh, “Root Out Bias at Every Stage of Your AI-Development Process”, Harvard Business Review, October 30, 2020, https://hbr.org/2020/10/root-out-bias-at-every-stage-of-your-ai-development-process. 67. World Economic Forum in collaboration with Accenture, Governance in the Age of Generative AI: A 360º Approach for Resilient Policy and Regulation, White paper, October 2024, https://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_Governance_in_the_ Age_of_Generative_AI_2024.pdf. 68. For more details, see: https://initiatives.weforum.org/digital-trust/framework. Global Risks Report 2025 42
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