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136. Geneva Science and Diplomacy Anticipator and the Open Quantum Institute. (2025). Intelligence Report on Quantum
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137. US Department of Commerce, Bureau of Industry and Security. (2024, May 9). Commerce Adds 37 PRC Entities to Entity
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138. Weinstein, Yaakov, & Rodenburg, Brandon. (2025, January). Quantum Computing: Quantifying the Current State of the
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139. See, for example, NATO (2024, January 16). Summary of NATO’s Quantum Technologies Strategy. https://www.nato.int/
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140. Geneva Science and Diplomacy Anticipator and the Open Quantum Institute, 2025.
141. Hmaidi and Groenewegen-Lau, 2024
142. Ivezic, Marin, (2025, March 1). Quantum Geopolitics: The Global Race for Quantum Computing, PostQuantum.com.
https://postquantum.com/quantum-computing/quantum-geopolitics/
143. G7 Cyber Expert Group. (2024, September). Statement on Planning for the Opportunities and Risks of Quantum Computing.
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144. Europol. (2025, February 7). Call for action: urgent plan needed to transition to post-quantum cryptography together
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145. Ibid.
146. World Economic Forum. (2024a). Quantum Economy Blueprint. https://www.weforum.org/publications/quantum-economy-
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147. Ibid.
148. Saudi Arabia Centre for the Fourth Industrial Revolution. (2024). Quantum Economy Landscape in Saudi Arabia. https://
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149. World Economic Forum. (2024). Global Risks Report 2024. https://www.weforum.org/publications/global-risks-
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150. Grand View Research. (Accessed 2025, December 15). https://www.grandviewresearch.com/horizon/outlook/artificial-
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151. International Monetary Fund (IMF). (2025, April 4). AI adoption and inequality. https://www.imf.org/en/publications/wp/
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152. Ibid.
153. Misra, A., & Wang, J., et al. (2025, November 4). Measuring Al Diffusion: A Population Normalized Metric for Tracking
Global Al Usage (Microsoft Al for Good Lab). arXIV. https://arxiv.org/pdf/2511.02781
154. Microsoft AI Economy Institute. (2025, November). AI Diffusion Report: Where AI Is most used, developed and built. https://
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155. World Economic Forum, 2025d.
156. VandeHei, J., & Allen, M. (2025, May 28). Behind the Curtain: A white-collar bloodbath. Axios. https://www.axios.
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157. Gambetta, Diego, & Hertog, Steffen. (2016, March 1). Engineers of Jihad. Princeton University Press. https://press.
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158. Igarapé Institute. (2025, October). Global Futures Bulletin: An Inflection Point in the AI Race. https://igarape.org.br/en/
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159. Aziz, M. H. (2025, August 20). The overlooked global risk of the AI precariat. World Economic Forum. https://www.
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160. Sterud T., Lunde L.-K., Berg R., et al. (2025). Mental health effects of unemployment and reemployment: a systematic
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161. Blashki, Grant. (2025, February 18). As AI gets smarter, are we getting dumber?. The University of Melbourne. https://
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162. Desroches, Clément, Chauvin, Martin, Ladan, Louis, Vateau, Caroline, Gosset, Simon, & Cordier, Philippe. (2025, January
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