Global Risks Report 2026

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164. Brookings, 2025. 165. Kulveit, Jan, Douglas, Raymond, Ammann, Nora, Turan, Deger, Krueger, David, & Duvenaud, David. (2025, January 29). Gradual Disempowerment: Systemic Existential Risks from Incremental AI Development (Cornell University). arXiv. https:// arxiv.org/abs/2501.16946 166. RAND. (2024, October 24). How AI Can Automate AI Research and Development. https://www.rand.org/pubs/ commentary/2024/10/how-ai-can-automate-ai-research-and-development.html 167. Grey, Markov, & Segerie, Charbel-Raphael. (2025, August 20). The AI Risk Spectrum (French Center for AI Safety. arXIV. https://arxiv.org/pdf/2508.13700 168. Probasco, Emelia, Toner, Helen, Burtell, Matthew, & Rudner, Tim. G.J. (2025, April). AI for Military Decision-Making. Center for Security and Emerging Technology. https://cset.georgetown.edu/publication/ai-for-military-decision-making/ 169. Bruun, Laura, & Bo, Marta. (2025, August 28). ‘Constant care’ must be taken to address bias in military AI. ICRC Humanitarian Law and Policy blog. https://blogs.icrc.org/law-and-policy/2025/08/28/constant-care-must-be-taken-to- address-bias-in-military-ai/ 170. Probasco, et al., 2025 171. Conti, Aaron. (2025, June 30). Data Poisoning as a Covert Weapon: Securing U.S. Military Superiority in AI-Driven Warfare. Lieber Institute, West Point. https://lieber.westpoint.edu/data-poisoning-covert-weapon-securing-us-military-superiority-ai- driven-warfare/ 172. Probasco, et al., 2025. 173. Federation of American Scientists. (2025, June 11). Develop a Risk Assessment Framework for AI Integration into Nuclear Weapons Command, Control, and Communications Systems, https://fas.org/publication/risk-assessment-framework-ai- nuclear-weapons/ 174. Caruso, Catherine. (2024, August 7). The Risks of Artificial Intelligence in Weapons Design. Harvard Medical School. https://hms.harvard.edu/news/risks-artificial-intelligence-weapons-design Global Risks Report 2026 74
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