Industrial Transformation in ASEAN A Cluster-Driven Model for Regional and Global Collaboration 2026

52. GBR Southeast Asia Chemicals. (2023). Thailand-Seeking a new phase of growth. https://projects.gbreports.com/southeast-asia-chemicals-2023/thailand. 53. International Energy Agency (IEA). (2023). Thailand - Countries & Regions. https://www.iea.org/countries/thailand. 54. Laguna, A. (2025). Thailand’s LNG trajectory: balancing growth, supply and sustainability. World Ports Org. https://www. worldports.org/thailands-lng-trajectory-balancing-growth-supply-and-sustainability/. 55. ASEAN Centre for Energy. (2025). ASEAN Energy in 2025. https://storage.googleapis.com/aceweb-bucket-261225/files/ publication/1766846425_ASEAN-Energy-in-2025.pdf. 56. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). (2025). Thailand’s NDC (NDC 3.0). https://unfccc. int/sites/default/files/2025-11/TH%20NDC%203.0.pdf. 57. Thailand Board of Investments. (n.d.). GREEN INDUSTRY. https://www.boi.go.th/upload/content/Brochure_Green%20 Industry.pdf. 58. PFI. (2024). Cross-border transmission across ASEAN. https://www.pfie.com/pfi-reports/1490630/cross-border- transmission-across-asean. 59. Hoonchareon, N. (2015). Thailand Smart Grid Policy Plan and Roadmaps. The Asian and Pacific Energy Forum. https://policy.asiapacificenergy.org/sites/default/files/Master%20Plan%20for%20Smart%20Grid%20Network%20 System%20Development%20in%20Thailand%202015-2036%20%28Presentation%29%20%28EN%29.pdf. 60. World Economic Forum. (2023). Transitioning Industrial Clusters towards Net Zero: National Policy Enablement for Industrial Decarbonization – Part II. https://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_Transitioning_Industrial_Clusters_towards_Net_Zero_2023.pdf. 61. Economic Newsletter. (2024). Adopting Generative Artificial Intelligence: Opportunities and Challenges in the Philippine IT- BPM Industry. https://www.bsp.gov.ph/Media_And_Research/Publications/EN25-01.pdf. 62. US Geological Survey. (2025). Mineral Commodity Summaries. https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2025/mcs2025.pdf. 63. Bloomberg. (2025). Climatescope. https://www.global-climatescope.org/. 64. Dressel, B. & Saguin, K. (2025). Challenges and prospects of the energy transition in the Philippines. Australian National University. https://philippinesinstitute.anu.edu.au/content-centre/research/challenges-and-prospects-energy-transition- philippines#:~:text=country%20has%20pledged%20to%20cut,of%20the%20nation%E2%80%99s%20energy . 65. World Bank. (2023). Philippines country climate and development report. https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/ en/099100523112311416/pdf/P17758601e471307d086cf039f66f8f26c9.pdf. 66. Clean, Affordable, and Secure Energy for Southeast Asia (CASE). (2025). Renewable energy will lower electricity prices in the long run – DOE. https://caseforsea.org/renewable-energy-will-lower-electricity-prices-in-the-long-run-doe. 67. The Maritime and Port Authority (MPA) Singapore (MPA). (2022). Maritime Singapore Decarbonisation Blueprint. https://maritimestudies.nus.edu.sg/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Maritime-Singapore-Decarbonisation-blueprint.pdf. 68. EDB Singapore. (2025). Technology Hardware & Equipment Hub. https://www.edb.gov.sg/en/our-industries/technology- hardware-and-equipment.html#:~:text=6. 69. EDB Singapore. (2024). Energy & Chemicals Industry in Singapore. https://www.edb.gov.sg/en/our-industries/energy-and- chemicals.html#:~:text=1. 70. Ministry of Trade and Industry Singapore. (2025). Low-Carbon Electricity Import. https://www.mti.gov.sg/energy-and- carbon/energy-supply/low-carbon-electricity-import/. 71. New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade. (2023). Singapore: Navigating the energy trilemma - October 2023. https://www.mfat.govt.nz/en/trade/mfat-market-reports/singapore-navigating-the-energy-trilemma-october-2023. 72. SG Singapore.(2025). Green and Transition Solutions: Financing Asia’s Transition Partnership. https://www.cop-pavilion. gov.sg/green-and-transition-solutions-financing-asias-transition-partnership . 73. JTC. (2025). Jurong Island celebrates 25 years with new focus on powering the future of low-carbon innovation in Energy and Chemicals. https://www.jtc.gov.sg/about-jtc/news-and-stories/press-releases/copy-of-jurong-island- celebrates-25-years_. 74. SG Singapore. (n.d.). Singapore-Net Zero Roadmap. https://www.sustainability.gov/pdfs/singapore-nzgi-roadmap.pdf. 75. Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). (n.d.). ASEAN plan of action for energy cooperation (APAEC) 2016-2025. https://asean.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/ASEAN-Plan-of-Action-for-Energy-Cooperation-APAEC-2016-2025- Phase-II-2021-2025.pdf. 76. Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). (n.d.). Electrifying remote villages in northern Vietnam. https://aseanenergy.org/asean-energy-sector-challenges-and-prospects/. 77. ASEAN Centre for Energy (ACE). (2025). ASEAN Renewable Energy Long-term Roadmap. Jakarta, Indonesia: ASEAN Centre for Energy. https://aseanenergy.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/ASEAN-Renewable-Energy-Long-Term- Roadmap.pdf. 78. Pradnyaswari, I., Batrisyia, I. & Rakhiemah, A.N. (2024). Bridging the Investment Gap: Empowering Energy Transition Through Climate Finance. ASEAN Centre for Energy (ACE). https://aseanenergy.org/post/bridging-the-investment-gap- empowering-energy-transition-through-climate-finance/. 79. ASEAN Centre for Energy (ACE). (2025). ASEAN Renewable Energy Long-Term Roadmap. https://aseanenergy.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/ASEAN-Renewable-Energy-Long-term-Roadmap_Report.pdf . Industrial Transformation in ASEAN: A Cluster-Driven Model for Regional and Global Collaboration 39