1. World Economic Forum. (2025). The Future of Jobs Report 2025. https://www.weforum.org/publications/the-future-of- jobs-report-2025/. 2. Acemoglu, D. & Johnson, S. (2024). Power and Progress. Our Thousand-Year Struggle Over Technology and Prosperity. PublicAffairs. https://www.amazon.co.uk/Power-Progress-Thousand-Year-Technology-Prosperity/dp/1541702530. 3. Ibid. 4. Wellers, D., Elliott, T. & Noga, M. (2017). 8 Ways Machine Learning Is Improving Companies’ Work Processes. Harvard Business Review. https://hbr.org/2017/05/8-ways-machine-learning-is-improving-companies-work-processes. 5. Industrial Federation of Robots (IFR). (n.d.). World Robotics-Industrial Robots. https://ifr.org/wr-industrial-robots/. 6. Hanbury, P ., Dutt, A. & Veratti, E. (n.d.). Humanoid Robots at Work: What Executives Need to Know. Bain & Company. https://www.bain.com/insights/humanoid-robots-at-work-what-executives-need-to-know/. 7. Industrial Federation of Robots (IFR). (2023). World Robotics: Industrial Robots 2023. https://ifr.org/img/worldrobotics/Executive_Summary_WR_Industrial_Robots_2023.pdf. 8. World Economic Forum. (2025). Physical AI: Powering the New Age of Industrial Operations. https://reports.weforum.org/docs/WEF_Physical_AI_Powering_the_New_Age_of_Industrial_Operations_2025.pdf . 9. World Economic Forum. (2025). The Future of Jobs Report 2025. https://www.weforum.org/publications/the-future-of- jobs-report-2025/. 10. World Economic Forum. (2025). Putting Talent at the Centre: An Evolving Imperative for Manufacturing. https://reports. weforum.org/docs/WEF_Putting_Talent_at_the_Centre_An_Evolving_Imperative_for_Manufacturing_2025.pdf. 11. World Economic Forum AI Governance Alliance. (n.d.). Our MINDS. https://initiatives.weforum.org/ai-governance-alliance/ minds-winners. 12. World Economic Forum. (2025). Physical AI: Powering the New Age of Industrial Operations. https://www.weforum.org/publications/physical-ai-powering-the-new-age-of-industrial-operations/ . 13. International Labour Organization (ILO). (2020). ILO Monitor: COVID-19 and the world of work. 2nd Edition. https://www.ilo.org/sites/default/files/wcmsp5/groups/public/%40dgreports/%40dcomm/documents/briefingnote/ wcms_740877.pdf. 14. OBAYASHI Thinking. (2020). Taking on the challenge of automating dam construction in the mountains of Iga, Mie Prefecture. https://www.obayashi.co.jp/thinking/detail/project61.html. 15. International Labour Organization (ILO). (2023). ILO Modelled Estimates (ILOEST database). https://ilostat.ilo.org/methods/concepts-and-definitions/ilo-modelled-estimates/#elementor-toc__heading-anchor-13. 16. World Economic Forum. (2024). The Rise of Global Digital Jobs. https://www.weforum.org/publications/the-rise-of-global- digital-jobs/. 17. World Economic Forum. (2023). Jobs of Tomorrow: Large Language Models and Jobs. https://www.weforum.org/publications/jobs-of-tomorrow-large-language-models-and-jobs/. 18. Automation Anywhere. (n.d.). Faster, Smarter Invoicing—AI Keeps Washington Post on the Money. https://www.automationanywhere.com/resources/customer-stories/the-washington-post. 19. Ryssdal, K., Richardson, N. & Hollenhorst, M. (2025). How a “robot dog” could help solve labor shortages in health care. Marketplace. https://www.marketplace.org/story/2025/07/16/how-a-robot-dog-could-lessen-health-care-labor- shortages. 20. Ibid. 21. World Health Organization (WHO). (n.d.). Health workforce. https://www.who.int/health-topics/health-workforce#tab=tab_1.Endnotes Jobs of Tomorrow: Technology and the Future of the World’s Largest Workforces 16

Jobs of Tomorrow Technology and the Future of the Worlds Largest Workforces 2025