Quantum Technologies Key Strategies and Opportunities for Financial Services Leaders 2025

23. National Institute of Standard Technology (NIST). (2025). Considerations for Achieving Crypto Agility – Strategies and Practices. https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/CSWP/NIST.CSWP .39.ipd.pdf; Boston Consulting Group (BCG). (2025). Ensuring Online Security in a Quantum Future. https://www.bcg.com/publications/2021/quantum-computing-encryption-security. 24. Stephanie, W., Elkouss, D. & Hanson, R. (2018). Quantum internet: A vision for the road ahead. Science, vol. 362. https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aam9288. 25. Fazel, M. et al. (2024). Fluorescence microscopy: A statistics-optics perspective. Rev. Mod. Phys., vol. 96, no. 2. https://pure.tudelft.nl/ws/portalfiles/portal/210946439/RevModPhys.96.025003.pdf. 26. IDQ. (2024). Why the financial sector is embracing a dual quantum-safe strategy. https://www.idquantique.com/why-the- financial-sector-is-embracing-a-dual-quantum-safe-strategy/. 27. Scott, A. (2010). BQP and the Polynomial Hierarchy. Electron. BQP and the polynomial hierarchy, pp. 141-150. https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1806689.1806711. 28. Ibid. 29. World Economic Forum. (2024). Navigating Cyber Resilience in the Age of Emerging Technologies: Collaborative Solutions for Complex Challenges. https://www.weforum.org/publications/navigating-cyber-resilience-in-the-age-of-emerging- technologies-collaborative-solutions-for-complex-challenges/; Stephanie, W., Elkouss, D. & Hanson, R. (2018). Quantum internet: A vision for the road ahead. Science, vol. 362. https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aam9288. 30. HSBC. (2024). Asset tokenisation in the Quantum Age. https://www.gbm.hsbc.com/en-gb/insights/innovation/asset- tokenisation-in-the-quantum-age. 31. Accenture Newsroom. (2024). Banco Sabadell Collaborates with Accenture and QuSecure to Advance Quantum Safe Infrastructure. https://newsroom.accenture.com/news/2024/banco-sabadell-collaborates-with-accenture-and-qusecure- to-advance-quantum-safe-infrastructure. 32. UK Government. (2025). £121 million boost for quantum technology set to tackle fraud, prevent money laundering and drive growth. https://www.gov.uk/government/news/121-million-boost-for-quantum-technology-set-to-tackle-fraud-prevent- money-laundering-and-drive-growth. 33. UK Quantum. (2025). UK Regulators Report: Nation Navigates Quantum Technology Growth with Responsible Innovation, Strategic Collaboration. https://ukquantum.org/uk-regulators-report-nation-navigates-quantum-technology-growth-with- responsible-innovation-strategic-collaboration/. 34. Monetary Authority of Singapore. (2024). Advisory on Addressing the Cybersecurity Risks Associated with Quantum. https://www.mas.gov.sg/-/media/mas-media-library/regulation/circulars/trpd/mas-quantum-advisory/mas-quantum- advisory.pdf. 35. European Commission. (2024). Commission publishes Recommendation on Post-Quantum Cryptography. https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/news/commission-publishes-recommendation-post-quantum-cryptography. 36. G7 Cyber Expert Group. (2024). Statement on Planning For the Opportunities and Risks of Quantum Computing. https://home.treasury.gov/system/files/136/G7-CYBER-EXPERT-GROUP-STATEMENT-PLANNING-OPPORTUNITIES- RISKS-QUANTUM-COMPUTING.pdf. 37. Bank of Israel. (2025). Banking System Preparedness for Cyber Risks Arising from Quantum Computing Capabilities. https://boi.org.il/media/sm4f1ssu/202501en.pdf. 38. Financial Services Information Sharing and Analysis Center (FS-ISAC). (2025). Post Quantum Cryptography (PQC). https://www.fsisac.com/knowledge/pqc; Europol. (2025). Call for action: urgent plan needed to transition to post-quantum cryptography together. https://www.europol.europa.eu/media-press/newsroom/news/call-for-action-urgent-plan-needed- to-transition-to-post-quantum-cryptography-together . 39. Bank for International Settlements. (2025). Quantum-readiness for central banks and supervisors. https://www.bis.org/ events/250212_quantum_conference.htm. 40. Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS). (2024). MAS Commits up to S$100 Million to Support Quantum and Artificial Intelligence Capabilities in the Financial Sector. https://www.mas.gov.sg/news/media-releases/2024/mas-commits-up-to- s$100-million-to-support-quantum-and-artificial-intelligence-capabilities. 41. Computer Weekly. (2025). UAE eyes quantum computing for financial services. https://www.computerweekly.com/feature/ UAE-eyes-quantum-computing-for-financial-services. 42. UK Research and Innovation. (2025). Quantum Missions pilot competition winners announced. https://www.ukri.org/news/ quantum-missions-pilot-competition-winners-announced/. 43. QURECA. (2021). Quantum Computing for Finance: A New Educational Series. https://www.qureca.com/quantum- computing-for-finance-a-new-educational-series/. 44. Centre for Finance, Technology and Entrepreneurship. (2025). Be a part of the future of quantum computing for finance. https://courses.cfte.education/be-a-part-of-the-future-of-quantum-for-finance-with-cfte/. 45. IBM Newsroom. (2022). HSBC Working with IBM to Accelerate Quantum Computing Readiness. https://newsroom.ibm. com/2022-03-29-HSBC-Working-with-IBM-to-Accelerate-Quantum-Computing-Readiness. 46. The Pinnacle Gazette. (2025). Italy Launches Ambitious National Quantum Technology Strategy. https://evrimagaci.org/ tpg/italy-launches-ambitious-national-quantum-technology-strategy-245858?srsltid=AfmBOooMQic4UBDP9F3XfOrRw4 Kt4M9sJRhGpmKaIQPQ-dsz3EIOA_xz. Quantum Technologies: Key Strategies and Opportunities for Financial Services Leaders 30