Quantum Technologies Key Strategies and Opportunities for Financial Services Leaders 2025

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H.R.7535 - Quantum Computing Cybersecurity Preparedness Act. https://www.congress.gov/ bill/117th-congress/house-bill/7535; The White House. (2022). National Security Memorandum on Promoting United States Leadership in Quantum Computing While Mitigating Risks to Vulnerable Cryptographic Systems. https://bidenwhitehouse.archives.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2022/05/04/national-security-memorandum-on- promoting-united-states-leadership-in-quantum-computing-while-mitigating-risks-to-vulnerable-cryptographic-systems/; National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). (2024). NIST Releases First 3 Finalized Post-Quantum Encryption Standards. https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news/2024/08/nist-releases-first-3-finalized-post-quantum-encryption- standards; European Union Agency for Cybersecurity. (2021). Post-Quantum Cryptography: Current state and quantum mitigation. https://www.enisa.europa.eu/publications/post-quantum-cryptography-current-state-and-quantum-mitigation. 8. Mastercard. (2024). Quantum cyber threats are likely years away. Why and how we’re working today to stop them. https://newsroom.mastercard.com/news/perspectives/2024/quantum-cyber-threats-are-likely-years-away-why-and- how-we-re-working-today-to-stop-them/; HSBC. (2023). HSBC becomes first bank to join UK’s pioneering commercial quantum secure metro network. https://www.hsbc.com/news-and-views/news/media-releases/2023/hsbc-becomes- first-bank-to-join-the-uks-pioneering-commercial-quantum-secure-metro-network; JPMorgan Chase. (2023). JPMorgan Chase and QC Ware Evolve Hedging for a Quantum Future. https://www.jpmorgan.com/technology/news/jpmorganchase- qcware-evolve-hedging-for-a-quantum-future 9. Euro HPC Summit. (2025). European Quantum Readiness Center’s presentation. https://www.eurohpcsummit.eu/livestream. 10. McKinsey Digital. (2023). Quantum technology use cases as fuel for value in finance. https://www.mckinsey.com/ capabilities/mckinsey-digital/our-insights/tech-forward/quantum-technology-use-cases-as-fuel-for-value-in-finance. 11. Naik, A. et al. (2025). From portfolio optimization to quantum blockchain and security: a systematic review of quantum computing in finance. Springer Open Financial Innovation, vol. 11, no. 88. https://jfin-swufe.springeropen.com/ articles/10.1186/s40854-025-00751-6. 12. TRENDS Research and Advisory. (2025). Quantum Revolution: Redefining Industry and the Global Chip Race. https://trendsresearch.org/insight/quantum-revolution-redefining-industry-and-the-global-chip-race/; World Economic Forum. (2024). Quantum-inspired High-Frequency Trading system. https://initiatives.weforum.org/quantum/case-study- details/quantum-inspired-high-frequency-trading-system/aJYTG0000000H7J4AU. 13. Bharath, A. (2025). Virtual interview. 14. World Economic Forum. (2025). Financial Crash Estimation in Enterprises. https://initiatives.weforum.org/quantum/case- study-details/financial-crash-estimation-in-enterprises/aJYTG0000000S7Z4AU . 15. D-Wave. (2024). D-Wave Customer Story: Yapı Kredi Teknoloji. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bcNAe-TKmu0. 16. A, Tudisco. et al. (2024). Evaluating the Computational Advantages of the Variational Quantum Circuit Model in Financial Fraud Detection. IEEE Access, vol. 12, pp. 102918-102940. https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp. jsp?arnumber=10606260. 17. Citi Group. (2024). Quantum Sensing: Tech’s New Eyes and Ears. https://www.citigroup.com/global/insights/quantum- sensing-tech-s-new-eyes-and-ears. 18. Boston Consulting Group (BCG). (2023). Making Sense of Quantum Sensing. https://www.bcg.com/publications/2023/ making-sense-of-quantum-sensing. 19. Ibid. 20. Citi Group. (2024). Quantum Sensing: Tech’s New Eyes and Ears. https://www.citigroup.com/global/insights/quantum- sensing-tech-s-new-eyes-and-ears. 21. Business Wire. (2024). Infleqtion Marks Milestone with First UK Sale of Quantum Clock, Tiqker. https://www.businesswire. com/news/home/20240626231360/en/Infleqtion-Marks-Milestone-with-First-UK-Sale-of-Quantum-Clock-Tiqker . 22. National Institute of Standard and Technology (NIST) Computer Security Resource Center. (2020). NIST IR 8309 Status Report on the Second Round of the NIST Post-Quantum Cryptography Standardization Process. https://csrc.nist.gov/ pubs/ir/8309/final.Endnotes Quantum Technologies: Key Strategies and Opportunities for Financial Services Leaders 29