Resilient Economies Strategies for Sinking Cities and Flood Risks 2025

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Solano-Rojas, D., Wdowinski, S., Cabral-Cano, E. et al. (2024) Geohazard assessment of Mexico City’s Metro system derived from SAR interferometry observations. Scientific Reports, vol. 14, no. 6035. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598- 024-53525-y. 14. Chen, M. Li, Z., Tomás, R., Herrera, G., et al. (2025). Land subsidence induced damage assessment along Beijing-Tianjin high speed railway from space using high resolution TerraSAR-X data. Structural Health Monitoring, vol. 320, no. 114651. https://doi.org/10.1177/14759217251334328. 15. United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNDRR). (2021). A new framework for assessing the economic impact of land subsidence. https://www.preventionweb.net/news/new-framework-assessing-economic-impact-land-subsidence. 16. Kok, S., & Costa, A. L. (2021). Framework for economic cost assessment of land subsidence. Natural Hazards, vol. 106, no. 4, pp. 1931–1949. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-021-04520-3. 17. Tok, X. (2023). Sinking cities: Cracks in the ground. CWRRR Opinions. https://cwrrr.org/opinions/sinking-cities-cracks-in- the-ground/. 18. Valley Water. (n.d.) Subsidence. https://www.valleywater.org/your-water/groundwater/subsidence#:~:text=What%20 problems%20can%20subsidence%20cause,all%20susceptible%20to%20subsidence%20damage . 19. Kok, S., & Costa, A. L. (2021). Framework for economic cost assessment of land subsidence. Natural Hazards, vol. 106, no. 4, pp. 1931–1949. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-021-04520-3. 20. Saputra, E. (2019). Land subsidence as a sleeping disaster: Case studies from Indonesia. https://dspace.library.uu.nl/ handle/1874/390878. 21. Yin, Y., Zhang, K., & Li, X. (2006). Urbanization and land subsidence in China. In Proceedings of the IAEG 2006 Conference. https://media.geolsoc.org.uk/iaeg2006/PAPERS/IAEG_031.PDF . 22. Navarro-Hernández, M. I. (2023). Analysing the impact of land subsidence on flooding risk: Evaluation through InSAR and modelling. Water Resources Management, vol. 37, pp. 4363–4383. https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/ s11269-023-03561-6.pdf. 23. United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). (n.d.). General concepts of land subsidence. Land Subsidence International Initiative. https://www.landsubsidence-unesco.org/general-concepts/. 24. Mester, B., Frieler, K., Korup, O., Desai, B., et al. (2025). Socioeconomic predictors of vulnerability to flood-induced displacement. Nature Communications, vol. 16, no. 8296. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-64015-8. Resilient Economies: Strategies for Sinking Cities and Flood Risks 43