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23. Examples include: e-Stewards, R2 Standards, WEEELABEX. 24. Examples include: FIRA/REMAN001:2019, IEC TC 111, ANSI RIC001.1-2016, BS 8887–220:2010. 25. Mining 2030. (2025). Global Investor Commission on Mining 2030: Summary report for consultation: vision and recommendations. https://mining2030.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/MINING_2030_10-yearVision_NOV25.pdf 26. G20 South Africa 2025. (2025). G20 South Africa Summit: Leaders’ Declaration. https://www.g20.org.za/wp-content/ uploads/2025/11/2025-G20-Summit-Declaration.pdf. 27. Barrie, J., et al. (2022). Trade for an inclusive circular economy: A framework for collective action. Chatham House. https://www.chathamhouse.org/sites/default/files/2022-06/2022-06-15-inclusive-circular-trade-barrie-et-al.pdf 28. Barrie, J. et al. (2022). The role of international trade in realizing an inclusive circular economy. Chatham House. https://www.chathamhouse.org/sites/default/files/2022-10/2022-10-04-role-international-trade-inclusive-circular- economy-barrie-et-al.pdf 29. Barrie, J. & Grooby, G. (2023). Going Circular: How the Harmonized System Codes Can/Not Support a Circular Economy and What Else Could Be Done. Friedrich Ebert Stiftung. https://collections.fes.de/publikationen/ident/fes/20579 The Future of Materials Systems: Cooperation Opportunities in a Multipolar World 34