The Global Cooperation Barometer 2026

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55. Garmany, A. & Terzic, A. (2024, 11 December). Global Healthspan-Lifespan Gaps Among 183 World Health Organization Member States. JAMA Network Open. https://www.jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2827753 jamanetwork.com. 56. US International Trade Commission (USITC). (2017). Changes in the U.S. Pharmaceutical Import Mix under the Agreement on Trade in Pharmaceutical Products. https://www.usitc.gov/publications/332/executive_briefings/nesbitt-pharma- ebot-08-15-2017.pdf; WTO “zero-for-zero” 1995 agreement eliminated import duties on most pharmaceutical products, which remained in force through 2024 and most of 2025. 100% import tariffs were announced by the US on September 2025, then paused while the US government negotiated domestic manufacturing deals with individual companies: The White House. (2025, 30 September). Fact Sheet: President Donald J. 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Red Sea cable cuts disrupt internet across Asia and the Middle East. https://www.reuters. com/world/middle-east/red-sea-cable-cuts-disrupt-internet-across-asia-middle-east-2025-09-07/; https://www.iss. europa.eu/publications/commentary/navigating-grey-zone-readiness-solidarity-and-resolve. 66. The United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in the Central African Republic (MINUSCA). See: Yohannes, D., et al. (2024). A New Approach to United Nations Peace Operations: Pathways for Demand-Driven Interventions. NYU Center on International Cooperation and Institute for Security Studies, https://cic.nyu.edu/wp-content/ uploads/2024/02/A-New-Approach-to-United-Nations-Peace-Operations-February-2024.pdf; United Nations Palestine. (2025, 18 November). UN Security Council authorizes temporary international force for Gaza. https://palestine.un.org/ en/305520-un-security-council-authorizes-temporary-international-force-gaza. 67. 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Ethiopia and Somalia hold a first round of technical talks in Turkey toward resolving their dispute. https://apnews.com/article/ethiopia-somalia-turkey-talks-dispute-72097d9b183709197300baa3e 080dc0d; European External Action Service. (2024, 12 December). Ethiopia/Somalia: Statement by the Spokesperson on the Ankara Declaration. https://www.eeas.europa.eu/eeas/ethiopiasomalia-statement-spokesperson-ankara-declaration_en. The Global Cooperation Barometer 2026 35
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