Turning Challenge into Opportunity 2025

Appendix First Suppliers Hub technology readiness level (TRL) tables Note: IEA’s technology maturity level (TML) 10 and 11 go beyond the traditional technology readiness level (TRL) by addressing large-scale system integration and broader market deployment. However, to remain consistent with widely recognized definitions, such as those in ISO 16290, the EU Horizon framework and the US Department of Energy, this report consolidates these advanced TMLs under TRL 9. Consequently, in the frameworks below, TRL 9 denotes a technology that has been fully demonstrated in an operational environment. Aligning IEA’s maturity levels with TRL 9 ensures clarity and comparability across international technology assessment standards. Turning Challenge into Opportunity: Supplier Voices from Heavy-Emitting Sectors 50