1. World Economic Forum, & Accenture. (2024). Transforming Urban Logistics: Sustainable and Efficient Last-Mile Delivery in Cities. Retrieved 7 October 2025, from https://www.weforum.org/publications/transforming-urban-logistics-a-path-to- sustainable-and-efficient-last-mile-delivery-in-cities/ 2. World Economic Forum. (2025). How companies are creating a more sustainable future for urban deliveries. Retrieved 7 October 2025, from https://www.weforum.org/stories/2025/01/companies-creating-more-sustainable-future- urban-deliveries/ 3. Transport for London. (2017). Retiming Deliveries: A guide to help local authorities and businesses retime deliveries. Retrieved 3 September 2025, from https://content.tfl.gov.uk/retimingguide.pdf 4. Barcelona City Council. (2020). Barcelona simplifies the procedures for urban goods distribution at night. Retrieved 3 September 2025, from https://www.barcelona.cat/infobarcelona/en/tema/mobility-and-transport/barcelona-simplifies- the-procedures-for-urban-goods-distribution-at-night_1510290.html 5. New York Metropolitan Transportation Council (NYMTC). (2017). Plan 2045: Appendix 8 – Regional Freight Plan, 2018–2045. Retrieved 3 September 2025, from https://www.nymtc.org/Portals/0/Pdf/RTP/Plan%202045%20Final%20 Documents/Plan%202045%20Individual%20Appendices/Appendix%208_Regional%20Freight%20Plan.pdf 6. Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA). (n.d.). Congestion Relief Zone Tolling Information. Retrieved 3 September 2025, from https://congestionreliefzone.mta.info/tolling 7. City of New York. (n.d.). OneNYC. Retrieved 3 September 2025, from https://www.nyc.gov/site/sustainability/onenyc/ onenyc.page 8. NYC Department of Transportation. Delivering Green: A vision for a sustainable freight network serving NYC, 2021. https://www.nyc.gov/html/dot/downloads/pdf/freight-vision-plan-delivering-green.pdf 9. New York City Council. (2017). Local Law 189 of 2017. Retrieved 3 September 2025, from https://intro.nyc/local- laws/2017-189 10. New York City Council. (2017). Local Law 189 of 2017. Retrieved 3 September 2025, from https://intro.nyc/local- laws/2017-189 11. New York City Department of Transportation. (2021). Delivering Green: A vision for a sustainable freight network serving NYC. Retrieved 3 September 2025, from https://www.nyc.gov/html/dot/downloads/pdf/freight-vision-plan-delivering- green.pdf 12. NYC311. (n.d.). Off-Hour Deliveries Noise Complaint Resources. Retrieved 3 September 2025, from https://portal.311. nyc.gov/article/?kanumber=KA-03180 13. New York Metropolitan Transportation Council (NYMTC). (n.d.). Congestion Mitigation and Air Quality (CMAQ) Improvement Programme. Retrieved 3 September 2025, from https://www.nymtc.org/en-us/Regional-Planning-Activities/ Funding-Programmes/CMAQ 14. New York City Department of Transportation. (2023). (Unpublished) Unified Planning Work Programme Off-Hour Deliveries Annual Report and Programme Evaluation. 15. Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA). (n.d.). Central Business District Tolling Programme. Retrieved 3 September 2025, from https://www.mta.info/project/CBDTP 16. New York City Department of Transportation. (n.d.). Off-Hour Deliveries Toolkit. Retrieved 3 September 2025, from https://ohdnyc.com/toolkit 17. NYC Department of Transportation. Delivering Green: A vision for a sustainable freight network serving NYC, 2021. https://www.nyc.gov/html/dot/downloads/pdf/freight-vision-plan-delivering-green.pdf 18. New York City Department of Transportation. (n.d.). Off-Hour Deliveries Website Homepage. Retrieved 3 September 2025, from https://ohdnyc.com 19. New York City Department of Transportation. (2021). Delivering Green: A vision for a sustainable freight network serving NYC. Retrieved 3 September 2025, from https://www.nyc.gov/html/dot/downloads/pdf/freight-vision-plan-delivering- green.pdf 20. StreetLight Data. (n.d.). Big Data for Mobility – Origin-Destination Study. Retrieved 3 September 2025, from https://www.streetlightdata.com/origin-destination-od-study 21. City of New York. (n.d.). OneNYC. Retrieved 3 September 2025, from https://www.nyc.gov/site/sustainability/onenyc/ onenyc.page 22. Off-Hour Delivery Partner (Just Salad). (n.d.). Quote: “Based on recent studies, we average 1 – 1.5 hours less overall trip time travelling between 5 p.m. – 5 a.m. as opposed to 5 a.m. – 5 p.m. 23. Bureau of Labor Statistics. (n.d.). Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW). Retrieved 3 September 2025, from https://www.bls.gov/cewEndnotes

Urban Deliveries Case Studies Combined 2025