24. United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). (n.d.). MOVES3 emissions models and assumptions by vehicle type. Retrieved 3 September 2025, from https://www.epa.gov/moves/latest-version-motor-vehicle-emission-simulator-moves 25. European Commission. (2021). NAIADE III: Action Plan to promote inland waterway transport. Retrieved 9 September 2025, from https://transport.ec.europa.eu/transport-modes/inland-waterways/promotion-inland-waterway-transport/ naiades-iii-action-plan_en 26. DHL. (n.d.). Urban logistics by river boat. Retrieved 9 September 2025, from https://www.dhl.com/global-en/delivered/ responsibility/urban-logistics-river-boat.html 27. Inland Navigation Europe. (n.d.). Inland waterway transport embedded in urban logistics. Retrieved 9 September 2025, from https://inland-navigation-market.org/chapitre/2-inland-waterway-transport-embedded-in-urban-logistics 28. Konings, R., & Ambrosino, D. (2014). City logistics through the canals: A simulation study on freight waterborne transport in the inner-city of Amsterdam. ResearchGate. Retrieved 9 September 2025, from https://www.researchgate.net/ publication/264656956_City_logistics_through_the_canals_A_simulation_study_on_freight_waterborne_transport_in_the_ inner-city_of_Amsterdam 29. Ingka Group. (2021). IKEA launches deliveries in Paris via the Seine. Retrieved 9 September 2025, from https://www.ingka.com/newsroom/ikea-launches-deliveries-in-paris-via-the-seine/ 30. Ingka Group. (2025). Information on order volumes, operating days, and logistics design provided directly to the World Economic Forum for this promising practice. 31. Mayor.eu. (2023). IKEA delivers by the Seine in Paris to cut down emissions. Retrieved 9 September 2025, from https://www.themayor.eu/en/a/view/ikea-delivers-by-the-seine-in-paris-to-cut-down-emissions-11522 32. Ingka Group. (n.d.). Annual reporting. Retrieved 9 September 2025, from https://www.ingka.com/reporting/ 33. Ingka Group. (2025). Data on Paris delivery fleet composition provided directly to the World Economic Forum for this promising practice. 34. Apur. (n.d.). Low-emission vehicle zone, Greater Paris Metropole (Grand Paris). Retrieved 9 September 2025, from https://www.apur.org/en/climate-environment/air-noise/low-emission-vehicle-zone-greater-paris-metropole-grand-paris 35. National Law Review. (2023). EU launches call for evidence on revision of combustion engine and vehicle emissions. Retrieved 9 September 2025, from https://natlawreview.com/article/eu-launches-call-evidence-revision-combustion- engine-and-vehicle-emissions 36. Ingka Group. (2025). Operational data provided directly to the World Economic Forum for this promising practice. 37. The Brussels Times. (2023). IKEA launches barge delivery for Paris customers. Retrieved 9 September 2025, from https://www.brusselstimes.com/337485/ikea-launches-barge-delivery-for-paris-customers 38. Ingka Group. (2025). Impact data on delivery fleet composition, load efficiency, and service reliability provided directly to the World Economic Forum for this promising practice. Data are approximate and intended for illustrative purposes only. 39. Voies Navigables de France (VNF). (2023). Agissez maintenant, passez au fluvial. Retrieved 9 September 2025, from https://www.vnf.fr/vnf/agissez-maintenant-passez-au-fluvial 40. Urban Freight Lab. (2023, October 9). Delivery vehicles waste a lot of time searching for parking. Cities can fix that. Retrieved 19 September 2025, from https://www.urbanfreightlab.com/in_the_media/delivery-vehicles-waste-a-lot-of- time-searching-for-parking-cities-can-fix-that 41. CSRwire. (2023, November 14). Roll electric cart delivery pilot expands in New York City. Retrieved 19 September 2025, from https://www.csrwire.com/press_releases/766041-roll-electric-cart-delivery-pilot-expands-new-york-city 42. Ham & High. (2024, February 22). Amazon trials on-foot deliveries in Westminster, Hackney and Islington. Retrieved 19 September 2025, from https://www.hamhigh.co.uk/news/24853619.amazon-trials-on-foot-deliveries-westminster- hackney-islington 43. About Amazon UK. (2025). Making Amazon deliveries more sustainable. Retrieved 19 September 2025, from https://www.aboutamazon.co.uk/news/sustainability/making-amazon-deliveries-more-sustainable 44. About Amazon. (n.d.). The Climate Pledge. Retrieved 19 September 2025, from https://www.aboutamazon.com/planet/ climate-pledge 45. Amazon. (2025). Implementation details provided directly to the World Economic Forum for this promising practice. 46. Amazon (2025). Impact data provided directly by Amazon to the World Economic Forum for this promising practice. Data are approximate and intended for illustrative purposes only. 47. C40 Cities. (n.d.). LaneShift: Scaling up climate action in transport. Retrieved 25 September 2025, from https://www.c40.org/what-we-do/scaling-up-climate-action/transportation/laneshift 48. POLIS Network. (2024, May). Facts and figures: Transforming freight transport. Retrieved 25 September 2025, from https://www.polisnetwork.eu/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Facts-and-figures-TransformingFreightTransport.pdf 49. National Center for Sustainable Transportation (NCST). (n.d.). Electric truck fleet management under limited and uncertain charging infrastructure. University of California, Davis. Retrieved 25 September 2025, from https://ncst.ucdavis.edu/project/electric-truck-fleet-management-under-limited-and-uncertain-charging-infrastructure 50. National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). (2025). Electric truck fleet charging: Strategies under limited grid capacity (Report No. NREL/TP-5400-92113). Retrieved 25 September 2025, from https://docs.nrel.gov/docs/fy25osti/92113.pdf

Urban Deliveries Case Studies Combined 2025