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GSK Pentavalent ( MenABCWY ) Vaccine:
Review of Updated EtR and Work Group
Considerations
Sarah Schillie, MD, MPH, MBA
Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices
April 16, 2025National Center for Immunization & Respiratory Diseases
1
The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position o f
the U. S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Meningococcal Vaccine Recommendations
2 of 56One MenACWY dose at
age 11 –12 years and a
booster dose at age 16
years (routine)
Two MenB doses at age
16–23 years (shared
clinical decision -making
[SCDM])
–Preferred age range: 16–18 years
Risk-Based Meningococcal Vaccine Recommendations
2MenACWY (≥2 months) MenB (≥10 years)
Asplenia (functional or anatomic) √ √
Complement deficiency/
complement inhibitor use√ √
HIV infection √
Some microbiologists √ √
Exposure during outbreak √ √
Travel to hyperendemic areas √
First -year college students (if not
previously vaccinated at ≥16 years) √
Interchangeability of Vaccine Products
MenACWY
–Brands are interchangeable
–Same brand is preferred, but not required, for all doses in a series
MenB
–Brands are not interchangeable
–Same brand must be used for all doses in a series (including booster
doses)
4 of 56
Two Pentavalent MenABCWY Vaccines
Pfizer (Penbraya) GSK ( Penmenvy )
ACWY component Nimenrix (not licensed in U.S.) Menveo
B component Trumenba Bexsero
Schedule 2 doses, 6 months apart 2 doses, 6 months apart
Age 10–25 years 10–25 years
Licensed October 20, 2023 February 14, 2025
ACIP Vote October 25, 2023 Today
5 of 56
Pfizer Pentavalent Vaccine
6 of 56May be used when both MenACWY and MenB
are indicated at the same visit for:
1) Healthy persons aged 16 –23 years
(routine schedule) when shared clinical decision-
making favors administration of MenB vaccine
and
2) Persons aged ≥10 years who are at
increased risk for meningococcal disease (e.g.,
because of persistent complement deficiencies, complement inhibitor use, or functional or anatomic asplenia)
Considerations
Each pentavalent vaccine assessed separately by Work Group
—Lack of data directly comparing the two vaccines
The MenACWY and MenB vaccine indications have not
changed with the availability of pentavalent vaccine
ACIP previously voiced preference to harmonize
recommendations between the Pfizer and GSK pentavalent vaccines
–Unless a vaccine -specific reason to have a different
recommendation exists 7 of 56
Assessing Immunogenicity
Exogenous complement (“traditional” hSBA assays)
Seroprotection
Seroresponse *
GMTs
Endogenous complement
Immunologic Vaccine Effectiveness: Immune response against diverse
serogroup B strains
Serologic correlate of protection exists only for serogroup C
*E.g.: a post- vaccination hSBA titer at least 4 -fold the LOD or ≥LLOQ, whichever is greater, for participants with pre -vaccination hSBA titer
<LOD, a post -vaccination hSBA titer at least 4 -fold the LLOQ for participants with pre -vaccination hSBA titer ≥LOD and <LLOQ, and a post -
vaccination hSBA titer at least 4 -fold the pre -vaccination hSBA titer for participants with pre -vaccination hSBA titer ≥ LLOQ
LOD, limit of detection; LLOQ, lower limit of quantitation
PICO Questions: GSK Pentavalent Vaccine
PICO 1:
Should the GSK pentavalent vaccine be included as an option for MenACWY /MenB
vaccination in people currently recommended to receive both vaccines at the same
visit?
– For example, 16 year- olds*
PICO 2:
Should the GSK pentavalent vaccine be included as an option for people currently recommended to receive MenACWY only?
–For example, 11 –12 year -olds
PICO 3:
Should the GSK pentavalent vaccine be included as an option for people currently recommended to receive MenB only?
– For example, during a serogroup B outbreak
*16 year -olds who decide to receive MenB vaccine based on shared clinical decision -making9 of 56
Acronyms
Q=Quadrivalent ( MenACWY vaccine)
B=MenB vaccine
P=Pentavalent ( MenABCWY vaccine)
10 of 56
Acronyms
Current Recommendation: Q-QB-B or Q -Q
PICO 1:
Should the GSK pentavalent vaccine be included as an option for MenACWY /MenB vaccination in
people currently recommended to receive both vaccines at the same visit? Q -P-B
PICO 2:
Should the GSK pentavalent vaccine be included as an option for people currently recommended to
receive MenACWY only? P-P
PICO 3:
Should the GSK pentavalent vaccine be included as an option for people currently recommended to receive MenB only? Q-P-PQ=Quadrivalent ( MenACWY vaccine)
B=MenB vaccine
P=Pentavalent ( MenABCWY vaccine)
11 of 56
Acronyms
Current Recommendation: Q-QB-B or Q -Q
PICO 1: “Yes” for Pfizer pentavalent vaccine
Should the GSK pentavalent vaccine be included as an option for MenACWY /MenB vaccination in
people currently recommended to receive both vaccines at the same visit? Q -P-B
PICO 2: “No” for Pfizer pentavalent vaccine
Should the GSK pentavalent vaccine be included as an option for people currently recommended to
receive MenACWY only? P-P
PICO 3: “No” for Pfizer pentavalent vaccine
Should the GSK pentavalent vaccine be included as an option for people currently recommended to receive MenB only? Q-P-PQ=Quadrivalent ( MenACWY vaccine)
B=MenB vaccine
P=Pentavalent ( MenABCWY vaccine)
12 of 56
Updated Evidence-to-Recommendations
Framework: GSK Pentavalent Vaccine
EtR Domain QuestionWork Group
Determination –
PICO 1Work Group
Determination –
PICO 2Work Group
Determination –
PICO 3
Public health
problemIs invasive meningococcal disease a problem of public health importance?Yes Yes Yes
Benefits and harmsHow substantial are the desirable anticipated effects? Small Small Small
How substantial are the undesirable anticipated effects? Minimal Small Minimal
Do the desirable anticipated effects outweigh the undesirable effects?Favors
intervention/
favors comparisonFavors intervention/
comparison/bothFavors
intervention/
comparison/both
What is the overall certainty of evidence? Low Low Low
Values Does the target population feel the desirable effects are large relative to the undesirable effects?Yes Probably yes Probably yes/yes/
don’t know
Is there important variability in how patients value the
outcome?Probably not/no Probably/probably
notProbably/probably
not
Acceptability Is the intervention acceptable to key stakeholders? Yes Probably yes Probably yes/yes
Resource use Is the intervention a reasonable and efficient allocation of
resources?Yes Probably no/varies Varies
Health equity What would be the impact of the intervention on health equity?Probably
increasedProbably
increased/increasedProbably increased
Feasibility Is the intervention feasible to implement? Yes Probably yes/yes Yes
Public health problem
0.000.200.400.600.801.001.201.40
1996 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2024Incidence per 100,000
YearMeningococcal Disease Incidence –
United States, 1996 –2024*
Abbreviations: MenACWY vaccine = quadrivalent (serogroups A, C, W, and Y) meningococcal conjugate vaccine; MenB vaccine = serogroup B meningococcal vaccine
Source: 1996– 2024 NNDSS Data. *2024 NNDSS data are preliminary.0.15 cases/100,000 populationMenACWY vaccine1.2 cases/100,000
population
MenB vaccine
Public Health Problem
Is invasive meningococcal disease a problem of public health importance?
No Probably
noProbably
yesYes VariesDon’t
know
PICO 1 (QPB vs. QQBB):
MenABCWY vs. MenACWY + MenBX
PICO 2 (PPB vs. QQBB or PP vs. QQ):
MenABCWY vs. MenACWYX
PICO 3 (QPP vs. QQBB):
MenABCWY vs. MenB X
PICO 1 (QPB vs. QQBB):
MenABCWY vs. MenACWY + MenBX
PICO 2 (PPB vs. QQBB or PP vs. QQ):
MenABCWY vs. MenACWYX
PICO 3 (QPP vs. QQBB):
MenABCWY vs. MenB X
17 of 56
Benefits and harms
Serogroup B Immunogenicity Lower than
Previously Shared with ACIP
Comparator of Bexsero at 0, 2 month interval
–August 2024: Bexsero label changed from 0, ≥1 month to
0, 6 months
Longer intervals between vaccine doses associated with
higher immunogenicity
Additionally, some data points in label have been updated
19 of 56
Work Group Assessment
Clinical significance of comparatively lower
immunogenicity uncertain
–Serologic correlate of protection lacking for serogroup B disease
The Work Group’s recommendation for the GSK pentavalent vaccine remains unchanged
–ACIP to weigh the change in immunogenicity in their deliberations
20 of 56
Previous Synthesis to ACIP
(Remains Unchanged from June 2024):
For “traditional” exogenous hSBA titers against 4 vaccine indicator strains,
MenABCWY was:
–Non -inferior to MenB 0, 2 months for 3 strains
–Non -inferior to MenB 0, 6 months for 2 strains
Endogenous complement hSBA assay against a broad range of strains
(Immunologic Vaccine Effectiveness): Success criteria met
–Although MenABCWY had lower point estimates (especially compared to MenB 0,6)
21 of 56
Previous Synthesis Unchanged Regarding:
ACWY Immunogenicity and Safety
MenABCWY non- inferior to MenACWY in most study groups
–Except serogroup A for 1 dose MenABCWY vs. 1 dose MenACWY in
naïve recipients
•Serogroup A disease very rare in the United States
MenABCWY safety profile similar to MenB , except slightly more unsolicited
adverse events with MenABCWY
–More adverse events than with MenACWY
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23 of 56
Presentation to
ACIP , Jun 2024Package Insert,Feb 2025•Poorer immunogenicity when comparing to 0,6 month schedule
•Success criterion not met for all strains (unchanged since June ACIP)
•Some change in numbersComposite response= hSBA
≥LLOQ for all 4 indicator strains
24 of 56
Presentation to
ACIP , Jun 2024Package Insert,Feb 2025•Poorer immunogenicity when comparing to 0,6 month schedule
•Success criterion not met for all strains (unchanged since June ACIP)
•Some change in numbers
PorA
Non-inferiority not demonstrated for PorA strain for 0, 2 or 0, 6
month comparison
–PorA indicator strain is important because it represents the outer
membrane vesicle (OMV) component of the vaccine and has bearing on
cross -protection
25 of 56
Penmenvy (GSK)
Package Insert Composite response= hSBA
≥LLOQ for all 4 indicator strains
Penmenvy (GSK)
Package Insert
Penbraya (Pfizer)
Package InsertComposite response= hSBA
≥LLOQ for all 4 indicator strains
2
Presentation to
ACIP , Jun 2024
Package Insert,Feb 2025•Poorer immunogenicity when comparing to 0,6 month schedule
•Success criterion met
•Minimal change in numbers
28 of 56
8GSK presentation
to ACIP , Jun 2024
Integrated FDA Review, Mar 2025•Poorer immunogenicity when comparing to 0,6 month schedule
•Success criterion met
•No change in numbers
Reverse Cumulative Distribution of hSBA
Against Indicator Strains
28
pentavalent
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Reverse Cumulative Distribution of hSBA
Against Indicator Strains
28
pentavalentMenB
31 of 56
Enc-hSBA against 110 Isolates by Clonal
Complex
For PorA /OMV: enc -hSBA
likely most reflective of U.S.
strains and exogenous assay
likely most reflective of New Zealand strain
CC 41/44 represents 72/179
(40.2%) of U.S. isolates from
2020 -2024
•For serogroups CWY , 1 dose
pentavalent immunogenicity
greater than 1 dose Menveo
for naïve recipients
•For serogroup A, 1 dose
pentavalent immunogenicity
lower than 1 dose Menveo for
naïve recipients (Serogroup A
does not circulate in U.S.)
•For primed recipients, 1 -dose
immunogenicity similar for serogroups A, C, W, and Y
Serious Adverse Events Assessed as Possibly Related to Vaccination
34 of 56StudyNumber
Pentavalent MenACWY MenB MenACWY/MenB
Saez -Llorens 201510 0 -- --
Block 2015 0 0 0 --
Welsch 2018 0 0 -- --
Vesikari 20212
(seizure, connective
tissue disorder)-- 0 --
Beran 2021 0 01
(syncope)0
v72_722 1
(neuromyelitis optica)1
(pyrexia)1
(ulcerative colitis)--
MenABCWY_019 0 0 -- --
1One related event during extension study in a recipient of a MenABCWY that contained ¼ of the usual OMV component
2These were reported as related to vaccination by investigators; however, they were not considered adverse drug reactions rela ted to vaccination after GSK and independent evaluation
Serogroup B Immunogenicity Summary
MenABCWY immunogenicity slightly lower than MenB
–Clinical significance uncertain as serologic correlate of protection is lacking
For “traditional” exogenous hSBA titers against 4 vaccine indicator strains,
MenABCWY was:
–Non -inferior to MenB 0, 2 months for 3 strains
–Non -inferior to MenB 0, 6 months for 2 strains
Endogenous complement hSBA assay against a broad range of strains
(Immunologic Vaccine Effectiveness): Success criteria met
Work Group’s interpretation has not changed
ACIP to consider the magnitude of the difference in immunogenicity in their
deliberations35 of 56
How substantial are the desirable anticipated effects?Benefits and Harms
Minimal Small Moderate Large VariesDon’t
know
PICO 1 (QPB vs. QQBB):
MenABCWY vs. MenACWY + MenBX
PICO 2 (PPB vs. QQBB or PP vs. QQ):
MenABCWY vs. MenACWYX X X
PICO 3 (QPP vs. QQBB):
MenABCWY vs. MenB X
PICO 1 (QPB vs. QQBB):
MenABCWY vs. MenACWY + MenBX
PICO 2 (PPB vs. QQBB or PP vs. QQ):
MenABCWY vs. MenACWYX
PICO 3 (QPP vs. QQBB):
MenABCWY vs. MenB X
36 of 56
How substantial are the undesirable anticipated effects?Benefits and Harms
Minimal Small Moderate Large VariesDon’t
know
PICO 1 (QPB vs. QQBB):
MenABCWY vs. MenACWY + MenBX
PICO 2 (PPB vs. QQBB or PP vs. QQ):
MenABCWY vs. MenACWYX X
PICO 3 (QPP vs. QQBB):
MenABCWY vs. MenB X X
PICO 1 (QPB vs. QQBB):
MenABCWY vs. MenACWY + MenBX
PICO 2 (PPB vs. QQBB or PP vs. QQ):
MenABCWY vs. MenACWYX
PICO 3 (QPP vs. QQBB):
MenABCWY vs. MenB X
37 of 56
Do the desirable effects outweigh the undesirable effects?Benefits and Harms
Favors
interventionFavors
comparisonFavors
bothFavors
neitherVariesDon’t
know
PICO 1 (QPB vs. QQBB):
MenABCWY vs. MenACWY + MenBX
PICO 2 (PPB vs. QQBB or PP vs. QQ):
MenABCWY vs. MenACWYX X X
PICO 3 (QPP vs. QQBB):
MenABCWY vs. MenB X X
PICO 1 (QPB vs. QQBB):
MenABCWY vs. MenACWY + MenBX X*
PICO 2 (PPB vs. QQBB or PP vs. QQ):
MenABCWY vs. MenACWYX X X
PICO 3 (QPP vs. QQBB):
MenABCWY vs. MenB X X X
38 of 56*Represents minority opinion added since last presented to ACIP
What is the overall certainty of this evidence for the critical outcomes?Benefits and Harms: Short -term Immunity
No studies
foundVery low Low Moderate High
PICO 1 (QPB vs. QQBB):
MenABCWY vs. MenACWY + MenBX X
PICO 2 (PPB vs. QQBB or PP vs. QQ):
MenABCWY vs. MenACWYX X
PICO 3 (QPP vs. QQBB):
MenABCWY vs. MenB X X
PICO 1 (QPB vs. QQBB):
MenABCWY vs. MenACWY + MenBX X
PICO 2 (PPB vs. QQBB or PP vs. QQ):
MenABCWY vs. MenACWYX X
PICO 3 (QPP vs. QQBB):
MenABCWY vs. MenB X X
39 of 56
What is the overall certainty of this evidence for the critical outcomes?Benefits and Harms: Serious Adverse Events
No studies
foundVery low Low Moderate High
PICO 1 (QPB vs. QQBB):
MenABCWY vs. MenACWY + MenBX X
PICO 2 (PPB vs. QQBB or PP vs. QQ):
MenABCWY vs. MenACWYX X
PICO 3 (QPP vs. QQBB):
MenABCWY vs. MenB X X
PICO 1 (QPB vs. QQBB):
MenABCWY vs. MenACWY + MenBX X
PICO 2 (PPB vs. QQBB or PP vs. QQ):
MenABCWY vs. MenACWYX X
PICO 3 (QPP vs. QQBB):
MenABCWY vs. MenB X X
40 of 56
Resource use
Pediatric Price Per Dose
Public Private
MenACWYMenveo $119.986* $166.747
MenQuadfi $114.36* $171.972
MenBTrumenba $142.73* $207.32*
Bexsero $154.504* $237.126
MenABCWYPenbraya $189.35 $230.75
Penmenvy *$181.00* (final price:
pending negotiation)$241.00** (final
price: $230- 255)
42 of 56https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines -for-children/php/awardees/current -cdc-vaccine -price -list.html*Updated contract price **Value used in CDC cost- effectiveness model
Pediatric Price Per Dose
Public Private
MenACWYMenveo $119.986* $166.747
MenQuadfi $114.36* $171.972
MenBTrumenba $142.73* $207.32*
Bexsero $154.504* $237.126
MenABCWYPenbraya $189.35 $230.75
Penmenvy *$181.00* (final price:
pending negotiation)$241.00** (final
price: $230- 255)
43 of 56https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines -for-children/php/awardees/current -cdc-vaccine -price -list.html*Updated contract price **Value used in CDC cost- effectiveness model
Pediatric Price Per Dose
Public Private
MenACWYMenveo $119.986* $166.747
MenQuadfi $114.36* $171.972
MenBTrumenba $142.73* $207.32*
Bexsero $154.504* $237.126
MenABCWYPenbraya $189.35 $230.75
Penmenvy *$181.00* (final price:
pending negotiation)$241.00** (final
price: $230- 255)
44 of 56https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines -for-children/php/awardees/current -cdc-vaccine -price -list.html*Updated contract price **Value used in CDC cost- effectiveness model
Health Outcomes*: Cumulative Number of IMD Cases and
Deaths for a Single Birth Cohort from Ages 11 through 29 Years
*All numbers are cumulative over the analytical horizon of the model for a single cohort of 11 -year -olds. For example, in the “No Vaccination” strategy, there were a
total of 233 undiscounted episodes of IMD among about 4 million individuals, who started in the model at 11 years old and age d to 29 years old.45PICO 1
Q=Quadrivalent ( MenACWY ) vaccine; B= MenB vaccine; P=Pentavalent ( MenABCWY ) vaccine; IMD=Invasive meningococcal disease.
45 of 56
Cost -Effectiveness
PICO Intervention Comparator Diff. in QALYs* Diff. in Cost*ICER
($/QALY)
1 Q-P-B Q-QB-B 0 -$175 million Cost -saving**
2 P-P Q-Q 33 $373 million $11,332,778
3 Q-P-PQ-QB-B 2 -$166 million Cost -saving
Q-P-B 2 $9 million $4,510,830
*Annual discount is 3%; 2024$; **In this comparison, costs are reduced, but health outcomes remain the same when comparing Q -P-B to Q -QB-B.46
Q=Quadrivalent ( MenACWY ) vaccine; B= MenB vaccine; P=Pentavalent ( MenABCWY ) vaccine; QALY=Quality -adjusted life year.•In a sensitivity analysis, with the updated price assumptions, PICO
#1 (Q -P-B) remained cost -saving (when compared to Q -QB-B).
46 of 56
Resource Use
Is the intervention a reasonable and efficient allocation of resources?
No Probably
noProbably
yesYes VariesDon’t
know
PICO 1 (QPB vs. QQBB):
MenABCWY vs. MenACWY + MenBX X
PICO 2 (PPB vs. QQBB or PP vs. QQ):
MenABCWY vs. MenACWYX X
PICO 3 (QPP vs. QQBB):
MenABCWY vs. MenB X X
PICO 1 (QPB vs. QQBB):
MenABCWY vs. MenACWY + MenBX
PICO 2 (PPB vs. QQBB or PP vs. QQ):
MenABCWY vs. MenACWYX X
PICO 3 (QPP vs. QQBB):
MenABCWY vs. MenB X*
*WG sentiment varied from no to yes 4747 of 56
Evidence-to-Recommendations
Framework
EtR Domain QuestionWork Group
Determination –
PICO 1Work Group
Determination –
PICO 2Work Group
Determination –
PICO 3
Public health
problemIs invasive meningococcal disease a problem of public health importance?Yes Yes Yes
Benefits and harmsHow substantial are the desirable anticipated effects? Small Small Small
How substantial are the undesirable anticipated effects? Minimal Small Minimal
Do the desirable anticipated effects outweigh the undesirable effects?Favors
intervention/
favors comparison*Favors intervention/
comparison/bothFavors
intervention/
comparison/both
What is the overall certainty of evidence? Low Low Low
Values Does the target population feel the desirable effects are large relative to the undesirable effects?Yes Probably yes Probably yes/yes/
don’t know
Is there important variability in how patients value the
outcome?Probably not/no Probably/probably
notProbably/probably
not
Acceptability Is the intervention acceptable to key stakeholders? Yes Probably yes Probably yes/yes
Resource use Is the intervention a reasonable and efficient allocation of
resources?Yes Probably no/varies Varies
Health equity What would be the impact of the intervention on health equity?Probably increased Probably
increased/increasedProbably increased
Feasibility Is the intervention feasible to implement? Yes Probably yes/yes Yes
*Added since last presented to ACIP
Balance of Consequences
Undesirable
consequences
clearly outweigh
desirable
consequences in
most settingsUndesirable
consequences
probably outweigh
desirable
consequences in
most settingsThe balance
between
desirable and
undesirable
consequences is
closely balanced
or uncertainDesirable
consequences
probably
outweigh
undesirable
consequences in
most settingsDesirable
consequences
clearly
outweigh
undesirable
consequences
in most settingsThere is
insufficient
evidence to
determine the
balance of
consequences
PICO 1 (QPB vs. QQBB):
MenABCWY vs. MenACWY + MenBX
PICO 2 (PPB vs. QQBB or PP vs. QQ):
MenABCWY vs. MenACWYX X
PICO 3 (QPP vs. QQBB):
MenABCWY vs. MenB X X X
PICO 1 (QPB vs. QQBB):
MenABCWY vs. MenACWY + MenBX* X
PICO 2 (PPB vs. QQBB or PP vs. QQ):
MenABCWY vs. MenACWYX X X
PICO 3 (QPP vs. QQBB):
MenABCWY vs. MenB X X X X
*Added since last presented to ACIP
Work Group Interpretation
Is there sufficient information to move forward with a recommendation?
Yes No
PICO 1 (QPB vs. QQBB):
MenABCWY vs. MenACWY +
MenBX
PICO 2 (PPB vs. QQBB or PP
vs. QQ):
MenABCWY vs. MenACWYX
PICO 3 (QPP vs. QQBB):
MenABCWY vs. MenB X
6251 of 56
Work Group Interpretation
We do not
recommend the
interventionWe do
recommend the
intervention
PICO 1 (QPB vs. QQBB):
MenABCWY vs. MenACWY + MenBX
PICO 2 (PPB vs. QQBB or PP vs. QQ):
MenABCWY vs. MenACWYX
PICO 3 (QPP vs. QQBB):
MenABCWY vs. MenB X X
6352 of 56
53Comments Regarding Proposed Recommendation
PICO 1 would typically involve 1 dose of
pentavalent vaccine (and 1 dose of MenB vaccine)
–Studies evaluated 2 doses of pentavalent vaccine
Recommendations for use of both pentavalent vaccines could be revisited as part of future adolescent schedule deliberations if desired
53 of 56
Vote Language
ACIP recommends GSK’s MenABCWY vaccine may be used when both
MenACWY and MenB are indicated at the same visit*
*1) healthy persons aged 16 –23 years (routine schedule) when shared clinical decision-
making favors administration of MenB vaccine and 2) persons aged ≥10 years who are
at increased risk for meningococcal disease (e.g., because of persistent complement
deficiencies, complement inhibitor use, or functional or anatomic asplenia) PICO 1 (QPB) √
PICO 2 (PP) X
PICO 3 (QPP) X
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55Acknowledgements
Avnika Amin
Lucy McNamara
Xiaoyu Dong
Andrew Leidner
Rebecca Morgan
Doug Campos -Outcalt
Noele Nelson
Alison Albert
Susan Hariri
LeAnne Fox
Jennifer Collins
Amy Rubis
61 of 6255 of 56
Thank you!
For more information, contact CDC
1-800- CDC- INFO (232- 4636)
TTY: 1 -888- 232- 6348 cdc.gov
Follow us on X (Twitter) @CDCgov & @CDCEnvironment
The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position o f
the U. S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.