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*~ FD-'§li2 Rev. 10-6-95!
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FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION
ALL IHFUPJDETIDN CUHTAIIITEIB
1'i|2:i-@111] 15 [.|N|_:L.!ll5:il.1"l.i'.'.§1.!
DETZ l.2l|':_|E|:!|:!§3 BY GU32-11 UE B1511,-":K:eTH
Date of transcription O9 /13 /2 O O4
- 92
September 8, 2004,I _ H _ kkgggggpgigthwbésocial securi£y a%cou§§ggmQg% I was interviewedb73
at p ace ofHemploy§entV|;he5Un$gQm§ta.es.ArmyMediQal,§e§garch- ~ - - - ¢l~.9i!1$.@l3 - W-'1» L1 I
A ter being advised of the
identity of the agents and the purpose ofuthe interview,[::::::]
provided the following information:
E:::::]was not familiar with the sample nam a it b6
was a name given to the sample afte Ihad made it b7@
I The only ongoing study during that time frame was theIcould not provide much assistance withI I I
and therefore could not enter BuildingI I '
durin the timekept[%::]laboratory notes in lab notebooks that were organized b6acfordinq to study. All ofI Ilaboratorv notes would be locatedblcin H
did not hotocopyI Inotes from the laboratory notebooks, nordid keep ILRI own side notes . I
I Iused to growI II Iwould have used IVINS' spore stock asI Iseed stock
or eac atc , and would have initially streaked it on a plate, and
isolated one colony to grow the batch. IVINS spore stock was kept ina tube in the walkin refrigerator and was not frozen. [:;::::lwould
have gone back to the same stock to start each batch, rat er t an tothe plate from the previous batch. Althoughggggjwas not certain what
the sample name was for the seed stock that used,[::]knew that it
would have been the same as what IVINS used for his seed stock.
Specific batch information could be found in IVINS' laboratory
notebooks. Approximately 100 milliliters mL! of spores were being
produced per week at a concentration of 8.5 X 108 or 109 and up to
approximately 10 spores per mL.A CIzaoz.w A
hwmymnm O9/08/2004 m Fort Detrick, Maryland
4' b6m¢#279AWF222936USAMRIID-Q3 lmmdmmd N/A b7@
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This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency;
|____.___~__I Ifrequently grew Bacillus anthracis B.a.! Ames sporTs[::]
b v ' Q
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Continuation ofFD-302 of __ , On O 9 / 0 8 / 2 0 O 4 , Page -L
After was working in the laboratory growing
j spores for who started
growing spores in approximately | .
In the
I Joffice with the agents and reviewed
the laboratory notebooks containing tes. Upon review, |:|advisedthat|:|did not note what|:|used as seed stock.
In 192Totebook:page 26, dated and signed bynoted that the initial concentration o seed stock
was
;
S Oh 4,.- FD-3oi R=v. 10-6-95!
ALL Inrcnnirinn cnnriinnn
' HEREIN IS UNELA5§IFIED
, -1-
, FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION
Date of transcription O 9 / 1 O / 2 O O 4
BRUCE E IVINS Principal Investi ator, d e of birth . , _ at/O4/ZQ/1946,'§Q1ephOn¬_§umBéI L ' W¬S iEéf§{éWéaf§fWhis §.1é_5é.T.5:§ §mPI§i792§l?Q§§<j§P§_l.1ll ,e<1 5't.,<'=?Pe§ ..l H1y_P§§§1,i,<?,,al .B§.$_e,s'?1r C171
111$ twi-Wi3,_§ii§Iél if WI:i£:$_¢392ii§Ql§§:l3:j;é §i§Ié"__L_ T:51?lBlilDTi ',_z_l@_-2:5:_IE6i;i§¬fII_jS
Fort merrier? MaryladI After beiw advisédWof'the identities
Iofthe interviewing agents and the nature of the interview,
IVINS provided the following information:
. In 1985, IVINS was concerned about the possibility of
genetic variants of Bacillus anthracis Ba! making their way
into cultures which were grown by sweeping batches of spores off
of a seed stock and plating these spores. IVINS noticed that
when he took a full sweep of many spores to inoculate a plate
sweep technique!, he would get a more heterogeneous culture.
In addition, when he passed a culture that was plated as
described above, each generation of passage would include more
aberrant colony morphologies. when IVINS used just one colony
to inoculate a plate single colony technique!, the result was a
more homogeneous culture with just a few aberrant colony
morphologies. Although he was advised by the "old timers" like
I Ithat he should inoculate plates by
taking a sweep of spores from the seed stock, IVINS believed
that growing spores in this way was contrary to pure
microbiology culture technique. As a result, in 1985, IVINS
dipped into the original 1981 Ames slant to begin a new seed
stock which he refers to as the "1985" sample. IVINS intended
to use this sample as a seed stock so that he would not have to
continually dip back into the "1981" original slant. He did not
recall the sample name, number, or what was written on the tube
containing the "1985" sample. He does not think that any of the
"1985" sample remains, however, if it does, the FBI has it in
their repository. IVINS cannot recall if he used just one spore
from the "1981" sample to create his "1985" seed stock or if he
used just a few "normal" spores. IVINS noted that there were
originally two "1981" original slants; however, there is now
only one "1981" slant. IVINS does not know what happened to the
second slant.
The "1985" sample was being used as seed stock for
intramuscular IM! challenges, therefore USAMRIID was not
growing large batches of spores. Large batches of spores are
Iwwmwwon 09/O8/2004 m Frederick, Maryland
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This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loar§;<§92i ° 3/Our agency;it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. ,1 , ~ t
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Connuaon 0fFD-302 of Bruce E . IVinS , Q11 O 9 / O 8 O , Page
needed primarily for aerosol challenges, which is what everyone
is currently moving towards. The "1985" stock was used for
guinea pig IM challenges around 1990 during the Gulf War, but it
was not used for any rabbit challenges at that time. The "1985"
stock was also used for some nonhuman primate NHP! challenges.
In 1993, this stock was used for aerosol challenges. Notebook #92 [::]has information on those NHP studies.
IVINS does not recall if he was making large batches of
spores in the late 1980s. Vollum 1B was the strain originally
used for batch rowth, and later the Ames strain was used. HeE::::::::::::::fmade spores for a guinea pig aerosol challenge
study in the late 1980s and this study has been published. Inthe early 1990s, IVINS[::::::::::]nmde additional spores for a
guinea pig aerosol challenge. The large batches of spores are
only required for aerosol challenges. In 1995 or 1996, E::::::]
I IVINS does
I I In Inot know what
addition, IVINS knew that Perry Mikesell maintained the Ames
strain, but he did not know where Mikesell obtained his original
stock. IVINS explained that the following persons have grown
spores in his lab- prior to 1988 only IVINS was growing spores;
from 1988 to 1997, IVINS| Iwere growing spores; from
1997 to 1999, Iwere growing spores;
from 1999 to 2001, were growing
spores; from 2001 to , Iwere
growing spores; and since 2002, IVINSI have been
growing spores.
~ In 1989, IVINS created a second seed stock from the
"1981" original slant, referred to as the "1989" sample. IVINS
reviewed page 17 of Notebook:E::] which is dated December 20,
1990. This page discusses the creation of the "1989" sample
using the "1981" original slant. IVINS made 100 milliliters
mL! of the "1989" sample at a concentration of 2 x 109 spores
per mL. These spores were not run through a density gradient.
92 IVINS wanted to use a density gradient, but the "old timers" at
USAMRIID were against it. IVINS cannot recall if he made this
second seed stock because the "1985" sample was depleted. He
9 was also unsure if there was any "1989" sample currentlyremaining at USAMRIID. In 1989, IVINS was working with[::::;]
I I They were looking at the quality o
spores grown in Leighton and Doi media versus the quality of
spores grown on agar. They found that spores grown on Leighton
and Doi media were "hotter", cleaner, nicer, smaller, less
_~92by
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Continuation of FD-302 of Bruce E - IVj-I15 , On O 9 / O 8 / 2 O O 4 , Page 3
likely to clump, and aerosolize better. [:::::::::::] phonetic!
told IVINS that he had difficulty aerosolizing spores grown on
agar and that broth grown spores aerosolize better. IVINS
indicated that there would be additional information about the
"1989" sample in his notebooks. He stated that the "1989"
sample was not currently in use at USAMRIID.
IVINS created at third seed stock in "2002" by plating
a spore from the "1981" original slant onto blood agar and
i | It is this "2002" seed stock that is currently I
in use. IVINS noted that he is making nearly 1 trillion spores
a week for USAMRIID, the National Institute of Allergies and
Infectious Diseases NIAID!, the Centers for Dis r l
CDC!, etc. As an example, IVINS explained thatcurrently conducts aerosol challenges using sporl:i;;;??§§§§}::::]
the following persons wefe Imaking" splores at USAMRIID:|L |IVINS did not know if these persons
' inoculated plates using a sweep technique or using a single
spore technique. Prior to knowledge of the two plasmids,
USAMRIID was mostly interested in Ba toxin production. IVINS
noticed that newer cultures those created more recently!
produced more toxin that older cultures. He did not recall if
anyone was investigating Ba spore virulence as affected by
multiple passages of that organism at that time. IVINS did
notice that Ba samples which were grown using the single spore
technique produced more toxins than those grown using the sweep
technique.
IVINS described RMR 1030 as a "bunch of spores" grown
by IVINS n 1995 and 1996. Nearly. @111 of RMR 1030
has been used. The only remaining RMR 1030 has been provided to
the FBI. IVINS reviewed notebook # 3655, page 72, dated 3/8/96.
This notebook described the creation of RMR 1030 and noted that
Standard Operating Procedure SOP! "UIBBI3" was used to grow
RMR 1030. This material was used for aerosol challenges ofgrabbits. guinea pigs, and possibly NHPs. IVINS was working with
IVINS then printed a copy
of UIBBI~3" and noted that the " 989" sample was the seed
stock for any material made under SOP UIBBI3, to include RMR
1030. UIB-BI3 was initially a challenge protocol for which her1:
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Continuation of FD-302 of Bruce E ~ Ivi-'15 , On O 9 / O 8 / 2 O O 4 , Page
grew the 1994/1995 batches of spores. These batches were so
good that this challenge protocol was formalized as SOP UIBBI
3. IVINS provided the interviewing agents with a copy of SOP
UIB-BI3, which is maintained in an FD34O, in the 1A section of
the file. *
After creating RMR 1030, IVINS[::::::::::]calculated
the number of spores needed for upcoming vaccine study work and
determined that it would take approximately two years to grow
enough spores for this work. As a result, IVINS contracted with
Dugway to grow a large number of Ames spores approximately 10
total spores!. IVINS explained that the "Dugway spores" weremade in 1997, combined with spores made at USAMRIID by IVINS[:g:]
t E::::::1 and given the name "RMR 1029". IVINS believes that e
portion of RMR 1029 grown at USAMRIID was grown using SOP UIB-
BI-3. IVINS was unsure of the seed stock for the RMR 1029
spores grown at USAMRIID, but believed that he[::::::::::]would
have used the same material as what was sent to Dugway.
USAMRIID shipped spores to Du wa in 1997 as seed stock for RMR
1029 s ores. IVINS shipped| |of Ames strain spores, in|i that was |
He was unsure of the seed stock for this shipment, but thought
it may be in his notes. IVINS stated that for RMR 1029, he was
more concerned with getting a large batch of spores than with
ensuring uniformity in growth conditions. He was also not
concerned with genetic variability in the Dugway batches that
were prepared for RMR 1029. The entire RMR 1029 sample was
considered one lot and IVINS was only concerned that the entire
lot, once combined into RMR 1029, was consistent. The final RMR
1029 sample was 1000 mL at a concentration of approximately 3 x
10 cfu/mL.
IVINS noted that Dugway made 8 batches IVINS later
reviewed his notes and determined that only 7 batches were made
by Dugway! and shipped them periodically during 1997. The
eighth batch later determined by IVINS to be the seventh! was
dirty and could not be purified by density gradient. IVINS
described this "dirty" sample as dark brown in color, clumpy,
nonrefractile with a lot of debris and vegetative matter.
IVINS does not recall seeing a non-Ba contaminant and noted that
the sample was just bad Ba. IVINS did not know why this '
shipment was bad and did not know why Dugway did not notice the
quality of these spores prior to shipment. IVINS reviewed his
notes and determined that this sample was autoclaved, although
he does not recall if he was present when it was autoclaved.1:6
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i Typically, IVINS would place a sample in a bag and place it in
the autoclave. The last person leaving for the day would
usually turn on the autoclave.
IVINS reviewed the Reference Material Receipt Record
for RMR 1029. He stated that this was not a legal document and
was only meant to keep track of the inventory to know when more
spores would be needed. IVINS explained that since RMR 1029
were Good Laboratory Practices GLP! spores, they were not
accessible to many people. IVINS reviewed some of the specific
entries on the Reference Material Receipt Record for RMR 1029
and explained the following: ! Spores used in[::::::]were for
an IM challenge where only thousands of spores were needed. bsSpores for this work were onlyg;:;:::::]<of RMR 1029 that was b7C
then diluted for the study. pores used for Covance were b7F
irradiated prior to shipment to Covance's Denver, Penns lvaniafacilit for use in spore antiserum production. ![::E:::]was[:::::::f:;:;::lproject, which involved aerosol challenges ofa roxima e 000 r bbit . [:::::] t ' t d t ' h t pp y a s was rying o e ermine w a
dose of vaccine would provide protection for 50% of the rabbits
challenged. IVINS would take material from RMR 1029 in Suite
B3 dilute it, and provide this to for this stud .
ng; able tp enggr ' ~B ecause ofi 4 S ores used for I _ !pwere provided tol Ias undiluted spores. ! Spores
use or the Bioport Rabbit Challenge included that were
used to challenge approximately 100 rabbits. ! Spores for[:::]E:;%;at Battelle were sent for aerosol challenges at Battelle.
VI explained that the discrepancies between the volume
removed from RMR 1029 May and June 2001 shipments to
Battelle d t' l t d th 1 [;::::; an [fjj:;Ejrespec ive Y! an vo umeactually s ippe in May any June 2001 1 |andi |
respectively! were due to the fact the IVINS centrifuged the
samples and reduced their overall volume rior to shipment to
Battelle. ! Spores provided to on 8/27/01 were
undiluted spores. 8! Spores provided to on 10/4/01
were undiluted spores.
IVINS explained that RMR 1029 was maintained in two 500
mL flasks in suite B3. When material was needed for a
challenge, IVINS would remove the volume of spores needed in the
challenge and place this volume in a Gibco serum bottle. This
Gibco serum bottle was then transported to building 1412 at
USAMRIID, where it was aliquoted for use in the challenge.
IVINS stated that the two 500 mL flasks that contained RMR 1029
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Contmuatlon of FD-302 of Bruce E - IVi1l$ , On 0 9 / 0 8 / 2 O O 4 , Page
were never taken over to bui ' [:::]. Only the amount neededfor a challenge was taken tot§i?f]in a Gibco serum bottle. The
volume of RMR 1029 that was recorded on the Reference Material
Receipt Record was not based on visual observation but instead
was based on back calculati ount taken from the originalvolume. When asked about aTf:f?f:fEiscrepancy in this record,
IVINS explained that evaporation over the years as well as math
error would account for this m
RMR 1029 could have lost up to
unusual because it is not stor
noted that when they ali oted tubes in the past, they
would see an approximate drop in volume over time that
they believe is from evapora ion. IVINS also stated that he is
not sure how much his record is off from the actual volume
because SA took the container and noted there wasapproximatgl;%;;;;;il;;l, but[:::::]<did not actually measure
the container. Therefore, IVINS is unsure how much of RMR 1029
may be missing.'ng volume. IVINS stated that
a year and this would not be
in an air tight container. He
IVINS noted that he shipped some of RMR 1029 to the
University of New Mexico in 2001.~ IVINS stated that this
shipment was not recorded on the Receipt Record and he was not
sure why it wasnt recorded. IVINS stated that the information
on this shipment would be located on USAMRIID form 11R in the
Safety Office.
USAMRIID had previously shipped the Ames strain to
Dugway in 1992. IVINS does not know what the 1992 shipment was
used for at Dugway. IVINS believes that the 1992 shipment to
Dugway was spores from either the "1985" or "1989" sample.
There is only a small amount of RMR 1029 remaining that is
needed for nonhuman primate NHP! studies this year. When
USAMRIID was getting low on RMR 1029 spores, they contracted
Dugway in 2001 to produce additional spores. Dugway put off the
production of these spores and just recently sent USAMRIID the
last batch of spores they were contracted to produce. The FBI
is in possession of the first batch of these spores, called the
"2003 Dugway" spores. IVINS is in the process of purifying the
last batch of these spores, called the "2004 Dugway" spores.
IVINS noted that the 1997 Dugway spores were much nicer than the
2003 Dugway spores. Approximately %_of the 2003 shipment could
not be used because they were so bad. The only Dugway spores at
USAMRIID are the 1997 spores, the 2003 spores, and the 2004
spores. IVINS noted that he called the 1997 Dugway spores the
"Dugway Spores". The other two sets of spores were called theb6
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cwmwmmonpamor Bru¢e E- Ivins ,on09/08/2004 ,Ege 7
"Dugway 2003 spores" and the "Dugway 2004 spores . IVINS copied
the USAMRIID Form 11 that documented the shipment of Ba to Dugway in
1992. This document is maintained in an FD340 in the 1A section of
the file. At this point in the interview, IVINS escorted the
interviewing agents to the USAMRIID Safety Office to obtain a copy of
the USAMRIID form 11R for the shipment of Ba to Dugway in 1997. A copy
of this document is maintained in an FD34O in the 1A section of the
file.
IVINS explained that some samples of Ba have multiple numbers
used to identify the samples. For exam le RMR 1029 is also identifiedas "7737". He explained that[::::::;;:¬:::;;] who worked in Office ofbé
Product Development and Regulatory A airs PDRA! at USAMRIID, b7C
assigned numbers for samples at the entire institute. IVINS noted thatE::::]is no longer at USAMRIID and is currently working in the Research
Triangle Park area in North Carolina. when a sample was moved between
buildings 1412 and 1425, it was assigned a different tracking number.
As a result, a sample could have as many as three identification
numbers. IVINS noted that the only number that was consistent in
identification of a sample was the Agent Inventory Number.
With regard to RMR 1030 and RMR 1029, IVINS stated that all
of the batches made at USAMRIID which were incorporated in 1030 or 1029
were made by IVINS[:::::::::::::]RMR 1030 was prepped for an aerosol
challenge in the same way as RMR 1029 described above!. IVINS is not
aware of any deviations from protocol when growing RMR 1030 or RMR F;
1029. As with RMR 1029, the main flask storing RMR 1030 was never £§C
taken from 1425 to 1412. Only the amount required for an aerosol b7F
challenge was decanted and sent to 1412. IVINS then explained some
changes in the growth protocols that were used to prepare RMR 1030 and
RMR 1029 and the growth protocols used today. These differences
included the following: ! using an orbital shaker now! versus using
a sidetoside shaker then!; ! growing the Ba at]
now! versus growing Ba at]
Hthen!. He noted
that a new SOP is being drafted with the current changes incorporated.
Outside of these noted changes, IVINS stated there have only been minor
modifications to the protocols over time; for example centrifuging for20 minutes instead of 10 minutes. I [would be good
sources of information on this topic.
IVINS noted that there are several individuals at USAMRIID
that grow spores. Most of the persons who grow Ba also grow spores,
although he was not sure of the amounts grown by each person. IVINS
listed the following persons as those at USAMRIID outside of his
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Continuation of FD-302 of Bruce E - Ivin-S , On O9 / O 8 / 2 O 04 , Page 8
laboratory who have grown spores: I lbé
I I IVINS explained a previous statement where he b7c
had said that the Ames strain was determined to be hot 'e lained that USAMRIID used the Vollum 1B strain until[:iE:i%ff:::%f]. [i%¬::::::::::::]showed some vaccine resistant strains in guinea pigs,
1 one of which was the Ames strain. Therefore, researchers decided to
use the Ames strain instead of Vollum 1B. This occurred in the early
' to mid199Os.
IVINS was shown a series of photographs of samples collected
by SA[:::::::::::] from IVINS on June 6, 2004. He was shown a photoof a tube labeled "Ames Stock, L k!written in
blue ink. IVINS did not recognize the handwriting on the tu e. IVINS
was asked why he called the sample al Isample when the date on
the tube was 1999 and] | IVINS stated
that the t b ' ' u e was just in a box labe1ed| |and that! |
may know more about this sample. IVINS was t en shown a p o ograp o
a tube labeled Ames Spores, 2433, CDC 7738" written in black ink.IVINS explained that this was a sample that[::::::::::]got from IVINS
and IVINS believes that the FBI already has this sample in the FBI
' ry. The sample is either RMR 1029 or material thatmade. IVINS suggested the interviewing agents contggE%;;;;;;;?
to determine what seed stock was used to make this sample,if in fact ldid make this sample for IVINS was
then shown two photos or a sample labeled "Ames Spores,
[:::] written in green ink. IVINS did not recognize these tubes. IVINS
was also shown a photo of a tube labeled "Ames Spores, Renograffin
Purified, 3/28/01, 7739C", written in blue ink. IVINS noted that this
was a sample of Ba prepared by[::::::]in March of 2001. He did not
know the seed stock used to make this sample.
The interview was then paused for lunch. After conducting
some research during the lunch break, IVINS provided agents with copies
of page 70 from notebook # 4010 and page 86 from notebook # 3655. In
addition, IVINS provided agents with a one page document titled
"Information on B. anthracis Ames spore lots", and a onepage document
titled "Spore Preparation Form". These documents are maintained in an
FD-340 in the 1A section of the file. From these documents, IVINS
noted that the Ames spores sent to Dugway in 1997 were sent in
suspension, in four 1mL polypropylene tubes, at a concentration of 1 x
10 spores per mL. This shipment is consistent with IVINS sending RMR
1030 to Dugway in 1997. Although IVINS isn't sure that it was RMR 1030
that he sent to Dugway, the concentration of the 1997 shipment, the
storage container, and the method of shipment are all consistent with
RMR 1030 being sent to Dugway in 1997. IVINS noted that all of RMR
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1030 was produced in Leighton and Doi broth, in accordance with UIBBI-
3. IVINS advised that he would need to review his notebooks to
determine what seed stock was sent from USAMRIID to Dugway in 1992.
IVINS explained that Capsule Agar detects capsule formation
in Ba. He noted that Ba would not show capsule formation when grown in
carbon dioxide at less than 5% l b th l 'd t un ess o p asmi s were presen .
IVINS advised that the material sent from Southern Research Institute
SRI! to California by[:::::::]:recently was grown on caps ---
prepared byl Idate originated 3/23/97 and effective date 4/7/97.
This documen 1S maintained in an FD34O in the 1A section of the file.
IVINS has worked with Covance in Denver, Pennsylvania.
USAMRIID wanted Covance to produce antiserum for some spore antibody
studies. These studies were performed by| I In
support of some Ba vaccine studies at USAMRIID, USAMRIID has provided
the Ba vaccine to Covance. Covance immunizes the rabbits, and the
rabbits are then brought down to USAMRIID for challenge. IVINS is not
aware of any live Ba used by Covance. All Ba provided by USAMRIID to
Covance is gammairradiated. is doing some work with
Covance and IVINS works with The only Covance facility
visited by IVINS is the one in Denver, Pennsylvania.
Regarding the sample sent to the Defense Research
Establishment Suffield DRES! in Canada, IVINS believes it was
vegetative cells sent by[:::::::] He believes this shipment was not
spores and was probably sent in a frozen state. IVINS noted that this
information could be found on the form llR. He does not know the
origin of the sample sent to DRES. IVINS noted that| |was ver
ood at makinq spores. He also added thatl; FIVINS provided a onepage email from K
, at DRES, dated 4/8/O4, regarding this Ames Ba spore
s ipment to DRES. This document is maintained in an FD34O in the 1A
section of the file.
Regarding sample 7739A, grown by[:;;::::]in.l997, IVINS didnot what[:::::::] used to make this sample an stated he would have to
check his notebooks and ask around to determine what may have been
used.
IVINS described heat shocking of spores. He explained that
it was an activating mechanism used to synchronize spores prior tob6
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germination. IVINS first became aware of heat shocking back in the b, Gulf War. The Division Chief called IVINS in his office to discuss abja
large NHP study. The Division Chief did not want the spores b§§
Renograffin purified because that was not was done in the old days.
Spores used to be heat shocked at| l
This temperature was chosen because counts do not decrease at Ehis
temperature and refractile spores are not killed. Spores that are used
for intramuscular IM! or aerosol challenges are heat shocked. All
spores are heat shocked in building 1412. IVINS does not know if
anvone has studied virulence with respect to heat shock. However,Idid some studies on heat
shocked material versus nonheat shocked material.
IVINS noted that he told SSA USAMRIID used
Tween to break up a thick spore suspensions. who works for 1[:::::]has added antifoam to spore suspensions. IVINS then discussed £3
the spore harvest procedure. Ames strain Ba, from a primary '
. subculture, is streaked onto a sheep's blood agar SBA! plate. Three
"typical" colonies are selected and placed in phosphate buffer
solution, then into Leighton and Doi broth for three days. Spores are
harvested and run through a Hypaque density gradient. Hypaque is what
is used now, where as Renocal or Renograffin is what was used in the
past. IVINS learned this density gradient purification procedure from
IVINS advised that he recently received an e~mail from
USAMRIID command that stated the FBI was requesting all files,
emails, etc. that related to the Ames strain of Ba. IVINS
opined that this was a large undertaking and demonstrated this
by showing the interviewing agents that just by searching the
term "Ames" on his archived emails, he retrieved over 1200 e-
- mails. IVINS advised that he will be glad to provide whatever
the FBI requested, but this request would require a large amount
of time.
Fifteen laboratory notebooks that were provided by
IVINS were returned to him. An FD597 was executed and detailed
the numbers of the notebooks returned. IVINS was provided with
a copy of the FD597, and the remaining two copies are
maintained in an FD340, in the 1A section of the file.~L.
"/L,"__ '
QRev.01-31-2003!
F1EI!EiI92L.E3llFlEU92ll C!Flll92HE§511lUTI JlI
:1:R
Precedence: ROUTINE Date: 10/O4/2004
To: Counterterrorism Attn: SSA | bfO Washington Field Attn: IIC
Amerithrax 3
SA
From:
Squad 7 Resident Agency
Contact: sA| |
ALL IHFDDKATIUH CONTAINEDAPPr°"'ed BY i l HEPEII-I 1:: UNCLASSIFIED
Drafted
4%Case ID #: %Z9AWF222936LEAD Pending!U $1
42j9AWF222936USAMRIID Pending!-A
Title: AMERITHRAX;
MAJOR CASE 184
lgynopsis: To report informationlobtained during interview of
Reference: 279AWF-222936-LEAD Serial 627
279AWF222936~USAMRIID Serial 891
Enclosure s!: Enclosed for Washington Field, Amerithrax 3, is a
1A envelope containing notes taken during the interview of
Details: Referenced serials set forth a lead for[::::::::::::]}Division at QQnduQL_an_inLer1iem_Qf__1
at the United States Army Medical
Research Institute of Infectious Diseases USAMRIID! in relation
to captioned investigation. Pursuant to that lead, the following
information is provided:
On 9/29/2004,] I
date of birth] |Social Security Account Number:place of birth] Iwas interviewed at[::::]lace of residence at| Iin
I telephone] | home! and
cellular!. Present'dring the interview was
egional Domestic
Security Task Force. After being advised of the identity of theDATE 12-16-2003 BY SDEEQ U: BAUHDHFB1" I I' ' O i
I I
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To: Counterterrgism From:
Re: 279AWF222936LEAD, 10/04 2004
interviewin agent as well as the nature of the interview,
|provided the following information:
' r
ad otained the equivalent of al [J
degree in
was awarded [degree inl
CoIleqe| Igraduatedlfrom| |College| Ioriqinallv 92
In lenrolled in the| |¢Ol1eqe i.nJ I
While <'=1tte1'1<@QJ Li
2K 1:?
hie
To: Counterterrgism From: |
Re: 279A-WF-222936LEAD, 10/04/2004
advised thatl |did not work with Anthrax
during the time was employed at| I92 Idid note Fhat while]did some culturing of Anthrax
spores. I |
The Anthrax
cultured was a toxic form.| |tasked| |with
culturing Anthrax, separating the components of the spores and
doing DNA analysis on them.
According to I
T e | hresearch involved woring with infectious diseases to leveloimeans of diagnosing and treating infectious diseases] I
3,2!
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Re: 279A-WF-222936LEAD, 10/04 2004
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Idid not work with Anthrax during the time
Ihad an interest in working with
infectious diseases and decided to| |at theUnited States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectiors
Diseases USAMRIID!. I
92 |also elected to work at USAMRIID
because he knew that the skills he would acquire there would be
I I
advised thatIhiqhlv souqht after in the private sector I
when the FBI was reestablishing its laboratory at Quantico,
Virginia, USAMRIID be an to collaborate with them on various
r 'ects. thought that b workin at research O Vii?USAMRIID,f::%]chances o o taining employment[::E:::::::¬:]would
be enhanced .
4
To: CO1lI1C8I"C¬IIgiSI1'l From: |
Re: 279A-WF-222936-LEAD, 10/O4; 2004
TheAnthrax spores were cultured using selective media or enrhched
media. Only that amount of Anthrax that was needed to conduct
testing was cultured. Some to the Anthrax was dead through
irradiation; however, some live Anthrax spores were also used.
Live Anthrax would be stored in refrigerated com artments until
it was needed. | |explained it,Mould obtain the Anthrax they used from
advised that| I
used the modified G sporulation media
on almost a daily basis Initially advised thatE:]could not recall theispecific strains 0; Anthrax that were
used by however,[::]searched for and retrieved some
personal notes had taken regarding experiments[:] had
performed while at USAMRIID. These notes indicated that the
Anthrax strains that had been used in his research testing were
Ejspeculated [but could not state for a fact that some of the Ant rax sam les
that were used had been obtained during[::::::::g;::;]indicated once again that Iwas1 responsi e or storing the Anthrax. Typicallyyj I
Iwould then take whatever
amounts of Anthrax they needed to complete that particular day's
testing assignments.
[:::::::::;;;Jadvised that neither[::|nor anyone elseiJ1[::]section ever i any work which involved the drying of
Anthrax.
According tol Iall strains of Anthrax that
| |worked with were fully
characterized. The specific strains used were] I
| | All of the Anthrax that| I
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To: Counterterrorism From: [:;:::::::::]
Re: 279AWF222936LEAD, 10/04 2004
Iworked with was qiven to them bgI I
1 I
Ihas no idea howI Icould be contacted at the
present time but assumes that would be able to provide
identifying data forI
' could be contacted but assumes that
would be able to fully identify
[;:::;;:;::;::]did know of any problems that wereexperience W1 ac erial contamination at the lab. [:::::::]
was not aware of any problems with bacterial contamination
in t e virology suites. _
According to the two areas thatI Iroutinely used to conduct experiments wereg I
research areas was unable to i entify any of the
areas[::]worked in based upon the floor p1ans[::]was provided by
the interviewing agent.
stated that[::]and other personnel in[:::]
on n varying occasions used the hot areas of building
and The 1aboratoryI Iworked at in
Ibuildin ' could'not identify the locationsl Ihadworked in using the diagrams that had been provided. [::::::::;]
[:::::]could not specifically recall anything relating to a coo er
located in room could not identify where room
[:::]was located on the diagramsI Iwas provided by the
interviewing agent.
According to[;::;::;::::::] no one was ever allowed to
iggy back in and out o t e ot areas with any membersI I
Ibelieves thatI I
bnd mayave allowed people to piggy back into the hot areas with them.
606
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To: Counterterrorism From: [:;:::::::::::]
Re: 279A-WF-222936-LEAD, 10/04 2004
[::::Q;::::::]believed that if someone wanted to, theycould remove se ect agents from the hot areas by plig%%g:E%f%:ff:]vials ' 'and then putting the vials in their pockets.
never witnessed anyone removing any select agents from the hot
areas but in o inion such removal could be easily
accomplished. explained that the military
technicians were strict y accountable for all the materials that
they used in their experiments. The military personnel had to
sign for all of the materials they used and account for them at
the end of each day. All of the materials were turned in or
documentation had to be provided that showed that they were
destroyed. I Ithe civilian lab
technicians were not held to such high standards of
accountabilit for the t rial the k d th "Y mass Yworewi-|:|never heard anyone talking about removing any select agent romthe lab. [::;::::g:::::]never heard anyone make any statement
indicating t at t ey were going to try to obtain a select agentto used it for some improper purpose. [:::::::::::::]was not
aware of any persons with access and ability to create or handle
dangerous biological weapons to express hostile attitudes toward
any political organization, the media or others.
[::::::::::::::]stated that none of the people that [:1
worked with were lax in handling dangerous items or
in ro ' t l ' t t d ' t th t ld b d ' t app pria e y in eres e in agen s a cou e turne in oharmful a ents. E::%::::::;:::]again stated that[::::::::::::::][;:;;:::::imany o t e civi ian technicians were more lax in their
o owing of rocedures than the military personnel who worked atthe lab. £:::E:::::::;:]could not identify any specific _
individua s w o were ax in handling dangerous items.
During the time that[:::::::g::::g]worked at USAMRIID,[::]never heard any rumors indicating t at t ere was an individual
or individuals who were interested in gainin access to Anthraxor any other biological or chemical agents. E:::::::::::::]did
not know of or hear any rumors indicating that anyone was trying
to obtain the means to produce Anthrax or other biological or
chemical agents who did not have a specific need or _
responsibility for doing so.
[:::::::::::::]stated that in order to mail dried
Anthrax someone would have to be able to know how to weaponizeit. Int::::::::::::::]opinion, whoever prepared the Anthrax that
was mailed in October of 2001, had to have access to a great deal
of laboratory machinery in order to make it .
71:> 692 | b"Mm
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Re: 279AWF222936LEAD, 10/04/2004
[:::::::::::::]was not aware of anyone who expressed a
s ecial interest in being able to get around forensic techni ues.I Ihas never been to the State of New Jersey in[i%]
ife. I Idoes not have any associates or any personal
or professional acquaintances who are associated with the Trenton
and Princeton, New Jersey areas. believed thatsome of the civilian technicians who worked at USAMRIID were from
New York but did not know anyone from the New Jersey area.[;::;:::;::::%§;%vised that[::]does not know anyone who traveledI o ew ersev in September or October qj gpO1d I I
According to[:::::::::::::] there were standing
operating procedures SOPs! for the decontamination of class twoand class three bio safety cabinets in[:::]work areas.[:::;:::::][:::::]could not recall specifically what the SOPs containe . In
general, the SOPs gave instructions on how disinfectant were toIbe used. During the time thatl Iworked at USAMRIID,
At times,
could smell bacterial decontamination agents in the
suites.
advised that during the time[::]worked at
USAMRIID, routinely used plastic storage containers such as
sterlite boxes for the storage of[:::]research materials.I Hid not know how where or when these containers
were purchase . I Iexplained that a civilian supply
technician ordered all of those t es of supplies and issued themout as they were needed.[:::::::f¬::::]never knew of any storage
boxes to be missing.
According to[::::::::;:::] at various times when[:]
worked at USAMRIID, some researc ers would conduct experimentswith Anthrax which were not recorded. I Istated that
this was not done for a sinister purpose. I I
-explained that scientists are curious by nature an some
experimentation that was conducted was impromptu and went"
unrecorded. [:::::::::::::]advised that this was not a practice
of the military personnel but was a routine practice of certaincivilian lab technicians. [:::::;:;:::::]could not identify any
individuals who did such unrecor e experiments.
[;;:;;:::::;::]advised that all of[:::]work was recordedin lab note oo s. T ose notebooks should be in the custody of
I Istated that[::]did keep some personalnotes regarding ex erimentsI Iconducted. These no eunclassified and[:E]knows of no prohibition againstEff:fT
possessing them.
8
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Toi Counterterrorism From: [:;:::::::::] 96
Re: 279AWF-222936LEAD, 10/04 2004 -Q"/Q
[::::::::::::;;]stated that when[::]worked at USAMRIID[::]would use a post o ice in Frederick, Maryland to transact[:::]
personal business. At varying times,| Idid purchase
pre-stamped envelo es All of the envelopes
urchased wep re for own personal use and[%:Td5¬§_E5E_E¬gall
giving any to anyone. always purchased[::]
envelo es overthecounter from a postal service employee.[:::::;E::::::gclaimed that[::]never purchased any envelopes from
a ven ing mac ine.
| |did not know]
knew who was but
never interacted with] Ior worked witd Ion any projects at
USAMRI ID .
I |advised that|
9
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Re: 279AWF222936LEAD, 10/04 2004
At h conclusion of the interview,| |advised thatiwould be more than happy to answer any additional
questions regar in ex eriences while workin at the USAMRIIDlaboratories. also stated that|:c|7wou1d be willing
to take a polygraph examination in order to prove thetruthfulness of the information|:|provided above.
10
|______b6
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um S
To: Counterterrgrism From:
Re: 279AWF-222936-LEAD, 10
LEAD s! = ,
Set Lead 1: Info!
WASHINGTON FIELD
AT WASHINGTON, D.C/O4;2004
Read and clear.
96
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FD-302 Rev. 10-6-95!
ALL II-IFDPIIATIUIJ EDIIITELIIIIEIJ
I-1E].3!EIliI IS 'jlICLA5SIFIEIi~
-1- DATE ].2l62ClClEI BY ISDSZ4 UC BAIII;'DI-UTH
FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION
Date of transcription 1 O Z 12 Z 2 O O4
Pursuant to a letter of request dated 08/24/2004, on
10/12/2004,II IUnited States Army Medical Research Institute of
Infectious Diseases USAMRIID!, telephone E:::::::::::::] provided
Special Agent SA![:::::::::::::::]with the following items:
A list of laboratory notebooks maintained at USAMRIID forthe following individual ,I HI BRL1t1§>,_LvJ;.us I ,,_ _?4 I No notebooks were located for
f 92 W _L 4 /Leave records for the vear 2?01 for[:::::::::::::::]
_t___, ?._
__________4Iime_and_AtLendance_recQxds fnri
Y I
A list derived from Electron Microscopy EM! logs of all
EM which meets the description "Ames spore preparations" as
requested in the letter of request. Included are samples for which
there was not enough information to make a determination, but could
be "Ames spore preparations"; ' p
SamfI ilr'ctconducted for '
42 electron microscopy photographs.
The list of laboratory notebooks is attached. All of the
other items are maintained in 1A envelopes.
Investigation on l O/12 /2 O O4: at Frederick, MD
FiIe# 279A-WF-222936USAMRIID 1' Date dictated 10/12/2004
by J:
This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the ro er of the FBI and is Ioaned to your agencit and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. IW 6I b6
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~.. 5, F ' AL; 11~1FiJ1=u-mrltim |Ii|JllITAII~1EIJ
HEREII-I IS TJTJIILASSIFIEII
paw: 12-15-anus BY 50:-=24 UC Bétltt.-'DF.fTH
E
CODEA I B I c I 0I I II l
** = laboratory technician; not always assigned individual notebook
NA = no record of notebook assigned to researcher
I I
active = notebook held by researcher
destroyed = notebook sent to Records Mgt office and destroyed ca 1988
inactive _= notebook held in library I I
9 inactivelstorage = notebook held by library, stored in warehouse
10 transferred = notebook ownership transferred to another researcher
11 unused = notebook returned unused; reissued under same number to another rese archer
12
13
14 NAME NTBK # STATUS COMMENTS
15 .
16' | NA
171 8 I I Iactive assigned to Ivins
19120 I active no subject
21 active no subject
22 inactive yersinia pestis recombinant
23 inactive yersinia pestis recombinant
24 inactive yersinia pestis
25 inactive ademylate cyclase cloning
26 active plague
27 inactive f1 protein purification
28 inactive f1 operon genetics
29 active plague
30 active plague
31 active plague
32 active plague
33 active plague
34 active plague
35 active plague
36 active plague
37 active live vaccine/yersinia pestis
38 active anthrax vaccines
39 active anthrax
40 active anthrax
41 active anthrax
42 active anthrax
43 active anthrax
44 active virulence genes
45 active gene regulation
46 active toxin expression
47 active anthrax
48 active anthrax
anthrax 49 active
50
51 NA Ib6
b7 ,
G G -
A B C D
s2_
53
54
56
7/F
A
92
102lvins, B. ~
>
i'>I.________
59
£Q________la
iii
~
_E* =i___________
____i__.
as
61
~_ n g .
A is I C D
active anthrax
active anthrax
active anthrax
active vaccine efciency
active anthrax spores
active spore inventory record
l 109 _
111' Inactive rapid diagnosis
nactive sequencing anthrax toxins
inactive sequencing anthrax toxins
inactive sequencing anthrax toxins
inactive rvfv dna proves
inactive anthrax toxins
inactive anthrax toxins
inactive anthrax toxins
inactive molecular genetics of bacillus ant
inactive molecular genetics of bacillus ant
inactive molecular genetics of bacillus ant
nactive 871 -ac
nactive 871-ac
nactive anthrax toxins
nactive anthrax toxins
inactive anthrax toxins
inactive anthracis virulence factor
inactive anthracis virulence factor
I
136inactive anthracis virulence factor
inactive no subject
inactive no subject
inactive no subject
inactive no subject
inactive no subject '
145 Iinactive/storage no subject
inactive/storage no subject
inactive/storage detection & charact plasmids
inactive/storage gene cloning
inactive/storage detection & charact plasmids
inactive/storage detection & charact plasmids
inactive/storage plasmids
inactive bacillus anthracis genetics
inactive bacillus anthracis
Mikesell, O.assigned to lvins
destroyed plasmid char. & detection
destroyed plasmid char. & detection
inactive/storage anthrax
inactive/storage anthrax
inactive/storage anthrax
inactive/storage anthrax
inactive/storage- s10-ao-170b6
b7
92
0- Q" N i
154A Bil, c D E
inactive/storage
155s10-ao-170
inactive/storage
156anthrax
inactive/storage
157anthrax toxin
inactive/storage
158anthrax toxin
inactive
159anthrax toxin
inactive
160anthrax toxin
inactive
161anthrax toxin
162transferred to lvins
163transferred to lvins
164transferred to lvins
transferred to lvins
165
166 I+r
NA
92b6
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FD-302 Rev. 10-6-95!
ALL 11-irnpznrinz-I CDIIITAIIIIED
HEPIEII-I UNCLXISSIFIEI1
-1- mm 12-16-2005 Bf 50324 TIC Biw,»'r»K.='m
FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION
Date of transcription 1 O / 2 9 / 2 O O4
i | | date of birth[::::] social security number| I employed at the United States
Army Medical Institute of Infectious Diseases USAMRIID!, was b6
interviewed telephonically on October 29, 2004. After being advised ofic
the identity of the interviewing agent and the nature of the interview,
E:::]pmovided the following~information:
[::::]stated that the material collected by the FBI in July2004 belonqin to| |was part of an aerosol challen e onbg| | The material was taken from lot number b§c
e s ar ing conc b7F
the challenge was
stated that the lot is suspended by Phenol and is in possession of
BRUCE IVINS. The material was heat-shocked prior to being used.
Investigation on O at telephonical
File # 27 9AWF2 22 93 6 USAMRI ID - *7 7 Date dimated
by SP4: i M- |:|o 4 3 0 3 5 . wp 13 7 c
This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency;P!
' M '
FD-$02 . 10-6-95_ Rev ! All Inruru-1iTI|:|n CIIIIIITAII-]'EI1
- HER}-III] IS macut:-;s1F1En
_1_ DATE l2.I.I':'-2EII]E$ BY UE BJTJ..-TIKITH
FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION
Date of transcription 11 / 1 '7 / 2 O O4
I I QQLJ I ssn I b6
_address cell phone
number was interviewed at the Fe eral Bureau:of R IInvestigation,I J .Afterbeing advised.of the nature of the interview and the identity of
the interviewing agent[:::::]provided the following
information:
FromI Iworked atUnited States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious
Diseases USAMRIID!. I I|and currently worksIforI I
While at USAMRIIDI I
E:]did not work with any biological organisms and did not knowwhere Bacillus anthracis Ba was stored and/or worked on. [::]knew Bruce IvinsI Ibut was not aware of
origination or dissemination of Ba. I Idid not know who had
expertise in wea onization techniques, spore production, or 'lyophilizing. Efjnws not aware of any areas that had problems
with bacterial contamination.
I Iwas in building 1425I Irooms
In building 1412]
Investigation on 1 1/ 1 5 / O 4 at I I
File# 279AWF-222936USAl92/IRIID "' Date dictated ll/17/O4
by
/30,2
This docume neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency;b7C
b6
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»'92./
FD-302a Rev. 10-6-95!
279AWF222936USAMRIID
Continuation of FD-302 of I i , On 1 1 / 1 6 / 0 4 , Page
| Idid not use rooL
didL__]know who used it or what was stored there.
was unaware of people "piggybacking" in and out of hotareas or if visiting scientists were taken into hot areas. [::]
did not know how to get Select Agents from the hot areacovertly, or know anyone who tried. £::]did not know anyone who
said they might make a Select Agent or use in some improper
fashion.
[:::::]did not know any person with the access and
ability to create or handle dangerous biological
expressed hostile attitudes toward any politicalthe media or others. [::]did not know who mailed
letters. [::::::]<did not know anyone who was lax
dangerous items or inappropriately interested incould be turned into harmful agents. [::]was not
around forensic techniques.agents who
organization,
the anthrax
in handling
agents that
aware of anyone
interested in gaining access to anthrax or any other biological
or chemical agents or the means to produce them without a
specific need or responsibility to do so. [:::::] does not know
how to prepare dried Ba and send it through the mail. [::]is not
aware of anyone who expressed an interest in being able to get
work.I IE:::]and does not have any affiliation with Trenton or
Princeton, New Jersey nor does[::]know anyone that does. IUUU
does not know about SOPs for decontamination of Class II or III
biosafety cabinets and was not in virology areas. [::]did not
work with any biological agents or make any records related to
research, official or unofficial. [::]never purchased pre-
stamped envelopes or used vending machines in Frederick.
did not handle any anthrax1aced letters or do any analytica I?
|:|knew and Saw |_| if! |
office and in the hal s aroun office. 1 noknow enou h about| |to comment on activities at I
onl erson thought may
have associated with was2 b6
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3
I FD-302a Rev. 10-6-95!
2 79AWF22293 6-USAMRIID
Continuation of FD-302 of , On 1 1 / 1 6 / O 4 , Page 3 b 6
~, ~
I I Idid not host foreiqn visiting scientiTts.| |was not
[::::::]"tried to ftav out of research areas| |did n?t
want to dlsrupt anv work.bu,
I
-.¢ 4 Z
51
FD-302 Rev. 10-6-95!
ALL INFIJRIJATIDIJ CCEUTAII-TED
ti HEREIN IS T_TIlI|IL4l§-JSIFIEIJ
"1' DIHE lI;'lI':'-2DUE$ BY EC!-32~"1 UIZ BLKT.-"DI"U'TE
FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION
Date of transcription 1Q /15/2 O O4
' date of birth| | social éituritynumber was interviewed a¬1___Iplace of employmen at the Egc
Uit Silt A Md.lR hlttt fIfC. D. n1 e a es rmy e ica esearc ns 1 u e o n ec ious iseases
USAMRIID! Buildin Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland 21702,
telephone After being advised of the identity of t
interviewers an the purpose of the interview,[::::]provided the
following information:
Sincel I be
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From i
From I |_
Technicians keep track of the inventory in stock and notify
92
Investigation on 1 O / 1 5 / 2 O at Frederick , Maryland
,
Hk# 279AWF222936USAMRIII>~92QS lmmdkmm n/a
Postal Inspector{:::]
W b6
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This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency;
jww/@|:| MY
gm UA :3:
@~-
D/L
< v ' e
FD-302a Rev. 10-6-95!
279AWF222936USAMRIID
Continuation of FD-302 of | , On l 0 / 1 5 / 2 0 0 4 , Page _2_ 1;
b 7 C
i a + |E::::::::::]that must be kept frozen have been stored in Rofm
I Iwas asked about aerosol studies conducted on
I stated that| |received :|Bacillus 1:anthracis B.a.! from §RUCE92§VINS. I Idoes not know the parent stockbof the materials| Ireceived from IVINS, but knows that it was b
material sent from Dugway Proving Ground. could not remember b5
92_!
/
17
'7
exactly when received this material, but elieves it may have
' [::]d'dn l 't tt' ro nd rior to the been in because 1 t eave l S1 ing a u p
xperimen . The B.a. material was stored in a refrigeratorin Room| icould not remember the concentration of the
original materia received from IVINS, bu presumes that it was
either 10x10 , 10x10 , or 10x10 CFU/mL. had to dilute the
material alot because of the low concentra ions needed for the
experiments on
did not use a lyophilizer at USAMRIIDCl
F
I I b6[::::::]has a working knowledje of lvophilizers. HoTever,[:::]
r 4 b6* 0 6. »'v _ ' -
FDaO2Gw'u*695! ALL IHFURHATIUH CONTAINED
HPEIN 1: UNCLAS3IFIED
_1_ DATE 12-15-2003 BY @1324 UC BAI-IHDIUTH
FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION
Date of transcription O 9 / 2 9 / 2 004 b6
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n September 17, 200 ,| I date of_;birth3social securit acc unt number] |was interviewed
at place of emplovment,_the _nited States Armv_Me_ical Research ,1nsriruue,sQr_..i.n_r.e.qeipns . us.zt1!1_1.11 111,] TP<>rt ear _SE1*éet,, tiiFoi¢_.l@$;jr$grMaryland iMDLmwtel§phQne qx y_ __J After being advised ofth 'd ' ' ' ' e 1 entities of the agents and the purpose of the 1nterview,[:::::::]
provided the following information:
[::::::]obtained[::::::::::]original Bacillus anthracis
B.a.! Ames sam les from BRUCE IVINS, and has never obtained any B.a.Ames fr@m|_i|
Both samples are contained in 1.5 millilite vials andprobably had an initial total volume of approximatelyE:ff%j The volume b6
of E:::::::::]is now significantly less because of use. Both samples b?@are currently in Room] I but they mav have Dreviouslv been stfred inEfF
has [been submitted to the FBI repository. | |was not certain that| |has ever used|:|-
b6' Bha, Ames at[;::::::]obtained from IVINS b7C
was taken too some Ames spores frommaterial I l
Vollum 1B and Ames were used for monkey challenges as part of
a study of vaccine proteins and antibodies and combinations of the two.
At lea ' toforty monke s were used ' th ' 'y in e antibody vaccine
study. thought that one batch of spores was used for the
[:::§50Z.u%w
File# 279AWF222936USAMRIID"Q92 Date dictated N/A » sf?
SA Vhwmgmnm O9/17/2004 M Fort Detrick, Maryland
This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency;
r
FD-302a Rev. 10-6-95!
2'79AWF222936USAMRIID
Continuation of FD-302 of I i , On 0 9 / 1 '7 / 2 0 U4 , Page 2
entire study, but |:|did not know anything about that batch, and
advised that IVINS would know more about it.
Bioport was having difficulty with the challenge strain used
for their vaccine work. I IUSAMRIID at
the time, and they were trying to sort different Vollum 1Bs. There is
more than one Vollum 1B at USAMRIIDJ
Iwhich is
maintained in an FD34O in the 1A section of the file.6
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. IvU92
i=0-302a Rev. 10-6-95!
b¬
279AWF222936USAMRIID bl:
Continuation of FD-302 of i I , On O 9 / 1 7 / 2 O U4 , Page 3
There are over seven thousand numbers assigned to samples
within File Maker Pro, which is an inventory database of select agents
at USAMRIID. The numbers are assigned by File Maker Pro regardless of
the PI or any other factor. The system was developed prior to the new
Centers for Disease Control CDC! regulations. | I
[::::::::::::::::] USAMRIID is changing the program to be more user-
friendly and to better track samples.
Implementation of File Maker Pro started around the time when
the FBI served the first subpoena to USAMRIID in the spring of 2002.
Researchers were instructed to inventory all samples in January 2002,but[:::;:;] could not recall who gave this directive. They were
suppose o register every strain they were in possession of, and each
strain was assigned one number, with the quantity of vials of that|strain noted. A copy of this sample list waslprovided to the FBI
I File Maker Pro does
not assign alpha characters, however an alpha character after a sample
number may designate an aliquot.
Prior to the File Maker Pro inventory system, the Ames strain
used in Suites B3 and B4 was registered with the Safety Office at
USAMRIID and given a number there. This Safety Office sample number
covered all B.a. Ames and Ames variants within the suite. Delta Ames,
Delta ANR, and ANR all have different parental lines and therefore were
likely registered differently.
" Q U
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The only nomenclature outside of File Maker Pro and PIreference is the B.a. list, although[:::::;:]did not think that anyone
Iuses the B.a. ist. I
No one at USAMRIID ferments spores. Until recently, there
was a fermentor in Suite B4 used for protective antigen PA! and lethalbé
factor studies. The fermentor was in a laboratory considered to be b7C
Biosafety Level~2 BL2! space within Suite B4, as no hot strains could
be present in the room. Attenuated strains such as Stearne were grown
in the fermentor. In accordance with the Biological Weapons BW!
convention, the size of the B4 ferment have made it illegal touse for fermentation of hot strains. ::%¬%%fadvised that she could
probably count the number of times the ermentor was used. The space
has been renovated and now they have a smaller 5 liter L! to 10Lfermentor. [:::::::]thought that USAMRIID may have donated the
fermentor previously in Suite B4 to a university.
SA showedE::::::]a series of photographs:id not recoqnizj a photo of a tube labeled[::::]
| Idid not recognize a photo of a cryovial with a white top
and labeledj Iin green marker, however[::]
advised that most people would not use a green marker to label samples
E::]advised that "CDC" was written in front of sample number
[::::]pictured horizontally in a tube with an orange top because people
tt' f d ' d are ge ing con use among the CDC, File Maker Pro, an Safety Office
numbers.
The handwritin on the Falcon tube with a blue top pictured
horizontall and labeled lwas
familiar to coufd not identify it.
FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION
FOIP.A
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