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_ ,_ .___.::H" _ _University of Islam Number 2 Cbiccxqo, is udjucom tn tin temple
Typzcul students of University of Islam
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,,__.~;- q'l'~ ~ . .-.The Detroit school, over the years, has had considerable
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ditculties with local authorities. In 1984, the Detroit Board oi Education' -,J. _~-. _,-.-»__-V _ - _
noted' children oi certain Negro iamilies were being withdrawn from
the public schools. An investigation which was instituted by the Board
revealed that the families involved were members otthis cult and that
the children missing from the schools were attending the University oi
Islam, s school which had been estahlished by the cult. An immediate
examination od the school was made, and it revealed that the "curriculum,
thsteaching staff, and the equipment were entirely inadequate to aiiord
even most rudimentary education ior the colored children who were
attending. Not only was the school inadequate, but the subject matter
which was taught appeared to be oi a fantastic nature quite outside the
oi life." Attempts which were made to close the school by the
enforcement of the" school attendance laws resulted in strengthening the
resistance at the cult, causing it and the school to operate in secrecy. A
$1 decision of the Board resolved to retrain from rigid eniorcement of
the attendance laws and to assist "in adjusting the underlying economic
and social problems oi other Negro iamilies oi the same class in order that
the movement may not spread; and to were temporarily the irritating
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i ,§:,.Dstroitschoolwasordered closedl1ythelocslDepartmentdBulldlngssnd--.» - 7 _ - .
- Engineering. City oiiicials advised there was a dedinite re hazard,
usllclnseeshadbeentanghtlnonedimlylightedroomwhichhadinadeqnate
exits. The colt never had obtained n permit to operate the building ss s I
school. " . ~ e
_-The Detroit school, however, is again operating. It is located in
s dierent building which was contracted tor by the cult supposedly onhnoney
Mvanced by rzmm Muhammad. m December, 1959, an inspection oi the
school, by state and school board otcials, determined that the minimum state .
requirements were being met. '
Children of N01 members are emected to attend the cult schools
instead ct the "devils" orwhite men: schools. A tuition plan is in eect ,
st the University oi Islam Number 2. For each iamily sending children to the
j school, the weekly iee is one dollar for the first child and 50 cents each ior the
second, third, and fourth child. All other children irom the same family
attend tree. There is an additional lee for those children using the hm operated
bytheculttotransportstudentsbotheschool. ' - ,
Recent pamphlt Leena by tm cult reveal that Elijah Muhammad
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m the "three R's. " He constantly tenchw that "the no-celled H%?O, vim
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been the victim a centuries a mis-education, needs to be re-educated o_ j_ W-'-*4-'19J
oi the Universities also include such subjects as the history d '.
the.B1sck Nation, the civilizations oi man, knowledge od the universe,
and "all the sciences." Some subjects, as listed in s cult pamphlet tor
ths benet cl "advanced students, " are startling to nonmembers. For
example, "Ending the Spook Civilization, " "Tho Historical Display @
Spook Civilization for 6000 Years, " and "Chronological History from
13,000 B. c. to 10ea."~- Other examples ol the "scientific" subject
matter taught in the cult can be found in the Appendices.
" In s television interview during the past year, e mister oi
the New Yorktemple described how children oi cult members were taught
hatred oi the white people. This minister said, "You can go to any small
'nslim' child and ask him where is hell or who is the devil and he wouldn't
nu you um hell is down in the ground orthat the devil u something
invisible that you can't see. He'll tell you hell is right where he has been
wtching it and he'll tell you the one who is responsible ior him having
received this hell is the del. " The devil is the white man to members
dz the cult. -rm: is the type oi education which the children a cult
&~L'JI3_§QCl5d to in N01 ochoole.
Ccmventioo brochure, The ;,
undated!"Islam on the March, 16-page M!! pamphlet no publisher or date shown!s.
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'-his rightiul place in the sun as s Black Man." Thsrdore, 1;
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temples also conduct adult education; programs. During the Spring el 1059,
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the New York temple adult education program listed courses in the lollowingz
penmanship, proper food preparation, spelling, learning and
reading, great Black Man's history, physics without mathematics, and
forth.
G. Qnsinefss Enterprises
- Elijah Muhammad preaches that his followers must constantly strive
for the unication of the so-called Negroes, under his leadership, to achieve
complete economic independence £1-om the white man. Thus, he has encourage
them to operate business enterprises and has urged all oi his followers to trad<
exclusively st these places of business. Host od the enterprises utilise the
name oi the temple in their titles, ior example, Temple Number 2 Restaurant,
Temple Number 2 Grocery and Market, and so iorth. .
As ed the Spring of 1960, the business enterprises and property d
the temple in Chicago included the temple building and school, valued in exces:
oi $250, 000; the home oi Elijah Muhammad; a bakery; n dress shop, a cleaner
and laundry", a grocery store; a restaurant; a barber shop; several apartment
building; and n 169-sore Atltheough other temples d
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mve businesses which ere operated for the benefit oi the l*@L
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1960, 0, specie! closed meeting wan held for leaders 11-om the variom _
temples. -Tbelc leaders were ordered to start their own businesses in
' ' their respective cities and were advised to contact businessmen in their
own localities for assistance. Muhammad is currently placing the economic
all temples immediately concentrate on establishing businesses of their
own.
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O Bee 'J,~¢ment Conventions . - _,_ __ ..,
lachyearontebruary 26, andnsnallyioradayortwobeioreor
after the 26th, the NO! holds its convention in Chicago. The term
"convention? when applied to these meetings, is a misnomer. Although many
members from temples throughout the country attend these conventions, theyit
not act as delegates irom their areas; they transact no business and have no vr
Instead, the convention is merely a group oi sessions at which the various IQ}
ministers shout their praises for the "Messenger of Allah, " Elijah
One after another, these ministers take the rostrum to enlogine and extol j
lluhammad. in addition, several times during the convention, Muhammad spy
to deliver long and verbose messages, emphasizing mainly hatred for the whis
racesndhisclaimoithe superioritydthe"blackpeopls." Bealsonsesths
opportunity to repeat hislstroog pleas for more and greater contributions to _t1
increasing number d projects he constantly proposes in his efforts to build h
power.
The most recent convention was held at the Chicago Coliseum iron
February 36 to Z8, IMO. The newspapers which usually carry items on the i
et this convention was to be hisea Ran, i w -
iinpressions oi his recent alleged trip to Mecca. However, lime was si 0:
wbthssaw, otherthanhisclaimthatbesawssigno92itsldethecityo3l9¢<1
which warned nonheiievers to enter with the risk oi their headl- U11!
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thethedidnothavetoannouncewho hewas, asthey hadalreadyheardoi
hinsndknewailabonthim; thsthewasoiieredahome inlgypt; andttnt
he and his followers were welcome there at any time. ~
During these conventions, the N01 misses no opportunity to extract
a profit irom members who attend irom temples out oi the Chicago area.
During the 1959 convention, visiting members were required to register
at the University oi Islam and to pay a $6.00 registration tee. They were '
to contribute $5.00 per day to the Housing Committee at the
University at Islam, which in turn found lodging for the members. They
also were expected to attend a bazaar held in connection with the convention,
were expected to eat their meals at the N01 cafeteria, were expected to
have their cars serviced in the NO! prage and service station, and were
expected to visit and make purchases at the N01 bakery and grocery.
B. Bazaars
. In connection with the annual conventionn, the Chicago temple
olthel®ialeohoi&abnzaar, thel960onebeingcai1edthe"Unity
" mi Qhtcngpo texnple required to purchase a
certain number oat tickets to the bazaar, which they were expected to resell
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The bazaar consisted oi displays oi the various Chicago calteowned
businesses, as well as those oi other Chicago Negro-operated businesses. Sales
were made irom the exhibits oi craitwork, furniture, clothing, appliances, and
ioods, with the prots being shared between the exhibitors and the ROI.
a C After the bazaar, it was revealed that nonmember exhibitors complaint
that even though they had rented space Ior their exhibits, they and their helpers
were required to pay the $1. 00 admission charge to enter the bazaar. The cult
refused to allot space to any company in which white people were employed. Om
record shop that had rented space was allowed to sell only records oi Negro arti
Throughout the year, other temples often hold bazaars in their own
localities as a means d raising additional money tor the 101.
C. ffeasts" and Rallies_Many of the larger NOI temples hold annual "feasts" or rallies which
are attended by members I1-om the surrounding temples. Elijah Muhammad sp<at many oi these "ieasts"; however, when he is unable to appear, his place is ti
hie none or one or! the more prominent ministere. Twp d the mwtpublicized "feasts" oiuring the year piece E3. £3. ,
New York City.
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lay Si, approximately 5,000° members and visitors gathered ,5; _
hr 1 '-spmmi Feast" u mm Arena in wumngwn, n. c. Among1- -1- - ". :6
those in attenrhnce were ministers and captains representing 25 N0! temples.
Automobiles and more than 30 chartered buses were used to transport
members from Boston, Newark, New York, Norfolk, the Carolinas, and
other areas. Muhammad spoke tor over three hours in his usual
violent, antiwhite manner. He called for complete segregation oi the white '
asdhlsck races and reiterated his desire that the Federal Government
furnish the Nation of Islam several states in order thatit could set up its
own nation. Upon completion oi the service at Uline Arem, approximately
2,000 of the members moved to a rented mu, where they partook oi s
cafeteria-type meal. 0
L rally which was held at St. Nicholas Arena iii New York City G1 p
hi! I completely tilled the arena and forced many of the estimated 9, 000
to 10,000 persons attendingths aair to stand onthe streets outside the arena.
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Eliiah Muhammad declared he was anxious to speak out in defense of the NO!
in order to counteract the charges made earlier ln the month on a New York
television show which charged him with preaching hate. Muhammad claimed
he was Emt preaching hate but was telling the truth to his followers when he
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Newspapers which normally carry N0! news erroneously. claim the attenchnce .
was 10,000 persons. _
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-,, __ »- All cl the conventions, bazaars, rallies, and "£ea|ts'f are utilised".' 1.. ., - ' ' . _._ _, ,1-.- yf;,_p by Muhammad nu only to raise funds, but also to an-ac: public to92
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. 4 <4-the N01 and to enhance his personal appeal to the uneducated masses d
Negro people. - ~ _
During July, 19K!, lluhammad became very much concerned over
many recent accusations appearing in the public press, both Negro and
white, stating the NO! was a "Black Ku Klux Klan. In his attempt to
placate the press and obtain more "favorable publicity, " Muhammad
announced a new policy oi allowing white, persons to be admitted to public
' N01 rallies. This new policy, however, still did not permit white persons
to enter the regular, routine temple meetings. _
The rst "open" rally held at the Chicago Coliseum on July I4,
as one member of the press reported, was attended by only "a mere
handiul" of white persons. The following week at New York City,
| Muhammad spoke at another "open" rally which was attended by only
~ about ten" white persons. The apparent tact that Muhammad: early
eiiorts *:.*ith tats new policy have not measurably improved his popularity
with the press is shown by one reporter's concluding statement: Sensing
that the messenger or! Allsh, who mid been speaking for an mar, was just
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Puillc statements oi NM oicials, as well as information set iorth
in numerom so: publications, declare um the funds needed by the not to
maintain the "Messenger," his family, and the ministers and to rent and
operate temple properties stem mainly from the contributions oi the
members. These contributions have been augmented by various activities
oi the members to raise additional funds; namely, the sale oi newspapers,
the operation oi various business enterprises of the individual temples,
and numerous bazaars and "tents" held by N01 members.
The collection of members donations to the numerous funds
or treasuries at the various temples appears to be one oi the most
important functims oi the many meetings which all members are
required to attend. Considerable time at each meeting is also taken up
by the temple officers in their eiiorts to encourage and stimulate greater
donations ix-om the members in attendance.
_ One leader irom among the American iollowers oi the orthodox
_ 1Islamic teachings has revealed that he considers §lijah Muhammad to be i
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podzetbodas & the noneducated and ignorant Regen people for ii;12T'.2.;;¥;
gain oi Elijah Huhammad and his henchmen." C
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Recent incidents reveal N01 thinking on the importance nancial
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An1lG_l captainwas havinztroublewithamemherwhowastoo -inquisitive about where all of the money went when everyone donatedto all oi the causes and drives they so often ind. The HGT captaininquired oi Elijah hluhammad as to what she should do. liuhammaded sti -advised her to dismiss anyone who ask too man ape ona.
ITI Number 2 members were advised that no member should havea bank account and that all excess money owned by the membersshould be given to the temple in order to spread the word 0! Islamand-to help in the purchase oi new buildings. Also, they were.advised that they should obtain loans to meet their nnancial . '
obligations to the temple.
While urging all members to contribute to the next annual conventimthe Supreme Captain oi the F01 told those present tint they couldsacrifice for the temple and let the "white devil" down it they werepaying for a car or for furniture; thatitwas all righttotel1the. wb
devil" any lie. ~ -
An F01 captain told his members that Elijah Muhammad did not warmembers who could not donate, "sh" bring in prospective memheor sell papers. He said a true follower oi Muhammad must donateheavily to help mvvori the temple-it
A temple minister sent a letter to all members oi his temple advllin part: "Work cheerfully, have no tear, and do not be atrald toescritice. ii tnhes ilinence to advance; in other words, it takes hrsto get ahead, and ii you want to go make progrese!, todough. Don't be nirnid to give; Allah is ever aware oithose whospend in the cause oi truth. Give, Give, W % it hurts."
One must wonder at the ability oi the iollowers oi the "Meewer,
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making iacilities and conducting nearly all iinancial transactions in cash, a
lttle is known on these matters. However, the steady growth oi the cult
reveals they have had certain success in obtaining the necessary funds.
One oi the most unusual methods oi collecting funds from cult
members was used in the New York temple during the Summer oi 1959.
At an POI meeting, the members were weighed, and those considered
overweight were assessed one penny ior each pound they were overweight.
The names oi the hmds to which donations are made dier somewhat
among the various temples. As a result, there is general contusion among
the members as to the uses oi the numerous ixmds, but the following are
some oi these funds to which members must contribute: .
1. funds Which Are Sent to National lieadquarters
Number 2 Poor Treasury and the Central Point Fund--These are two ,
separate funds to which members oi the dliierent temples donate
varying amounts. The monies are completely under the control of
Ilijah Muhammad to dispose of as he sees t. p
8&V1OI"B Day our Fund--This is an annual ma through which the 3
V $
1
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pr».lwI '~ '-4-_.,,--4-a92> -*7-F4! £-
'--"'1,e¢ 3'i .
;,»,{.r. - -_-_. ,3durinl the Annual Convention each yes: on Iebrm-1! I,
1%¢-birthdy oi the iounder oi the N01, W. D. Ind. - _:Laborers Travel ma--re um rm, mmnmed u rm I-nu: Q, an
temple: turnilh money so that
Muhammad, can act an 1 courier betws leader, usually s solid tiijl
een nrioue temples in order to
transmit messages end money £1-om these temples to Chicll. The
' l 1purpoee is to iuninh these couriers with money to niioi themho trove
. ~ V, ? _;._.,_ _independently--without employment. _ . , _ _
latione Fund--This fund is to collect money in order that Iiihll
Public Rehis iollowers might at some iuture date etnrts newt?
Muhammad andoi their own. At present, some oi the money in this hmd is emu»
mzintnd-n relations with newspapers iriendiy to the N01, ouch as the
ro newspapers, the Loo Angelee Herald-Dieggh ml the
* 924~<>.. weekly Neg»_'. , _,,
Nev Jersey Herald News.Eosque Fund or Humber 2 Lend Fund-'-Hie nd wntainl the eolleomlthe various temples; which are used to make payments on the to T
needinbuildingthepropoeedl-million-obiinrqmeationlleuitersn
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Elijah mmmmd nné his mmily. _-
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I. Quads jhich are Kept for Que at the local Tenl>le_s_ _ , _
The funds collected by the individual temples vary considerably .
in number and purpose. The following list sets forth some d the
funds collected for local use:
General Treasury Farm hind
New Temple Fund F01 Treasurer
Minister-s Trip Fund F01 Captain Fund
V Insurance Fund HGT Captain Fund
Equipment Fund School Fund
Minister's Treasury Bus Maintenance
Temple Rent Bummer Canning Fund
. Minister's Rent
B. lfroposed Center in Chicago
During the February, 1958, N01 Convention at Chicago, Elah
Muhammad rst publicly announced his plans for the building oi an educational,
industrial, and religious center. The center was to contain a mosque temple!,
a university, and other buildings oi most modern architecture. Muhammad
said he would need approximately three and one-hall million dollars. Be '
included this proposed center as a part oi his "Blueprint for the Black men in
America. "
A1: the 1959 N01 Convention, Muhammad again mode .2. strong
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~-_~~»;.%.'. .-bullt at 85th and South Park Avenue in Chicago. By this time, the nmotmt - . . ~ 7 J e _"J"_,5 - -E:
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he requested had considerably increased. Persons attending the were _ L.4-» 1-given pamphlets containing a personal message irom nhammld, prt,
~. . .1» are now looking forward to mun i Community cum. In the pin mt
or! building this monument ior all oi us in America, $30,000,000 is nO0D~" The
pamphlet described the mosque, educational institute, library, and hospital whicl
will be included in the new center, along with restaurants and shops.
Just recently, an article written by Muhammad stated that the land {Or
the new center has now been purchased. He also stated that at the none!
being collected toward the center will be used to purchase tarm land, modern
k to further the economic independence oi cult membersequipment, and Livestoc
in the Chicago area. . . __
C. Proposed New Temple Building in Washingtoi-1_, D. C. V
The Washington, D. C., temple oi the N01 has purchased land and B:
built up a considerable fund for building a new temple. Xn April, 1960, nctml
construction began on this building, which is emected to cost about $100,000.
The ministero:i!lTINumber ihas saidthiswouldbetheiirstnewtemple ever
built by the N01 in the United Statee. All other texnplee new in are old
t ~ h - * I 1
Li" e in l:?5¬3 . s LI . ' it " r . _ , . e .
must be paid back; therefore, each member was expected to oontribtte $i.00 p
monthtorepaytheloan. G -
an- Cannon
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I.0v. rusucrrr also nscaunusmf or usmssns _
L Pnbllcitl
Elijah Muhammad has not overlooked the importance d publicity
in his promotion oi the N01. During the Summer or! l957, the N01 iormed a
lhhlic Relations Committee. The duties oi this committee have been to4 3
hndle presireleases, advertising, advice to ministers cl local temples, .. .
.-. ..the preparation and distribution oi educational material. Many individual T '
temples also have their own Public Relations Committees. ~
~ An article in a recent NOI pamphlet, published by the minister cl
the Newyork temple, cnntains an article entitled "The Power of the Press. . . .
The Pen is Mightier Than the Sword!" Excerpts _!rom this article reveal
the importance being placed upon the Negro press by the N01: -
. "The Pen Is Mightier Than The Sword. The weapon you
should be able to rely upon most is the Negro Press.
Therefore, you would be wise to keep it in good condition:
strong, well-loaded, independent and ready. "
". . .'!'he Negro Press is our only medium of voicing theI - true plight of our oppressed people to the world. "
l'92 :1 r s 92.- >
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L"Examine each oi the diiierent Negro papers, then support
the one you iind to be the most fearless, uncompromising, ud
outspoken in behalf oi our downtrodden peopled
"The Pen ls llightier Tlnn the Bword. The best way for those
who are interested in The Liessenger's teachings and his program,
to keep up to date, and get the beat understanding is by subscribing
to the. ..papers."*
The pamphlet from which the above quotation was taken described lonr
Negro newspapers which then carried items on the MJI and/or articles written by
Elijah Muhammad.
The most prominently mentioned newspaper was the Pittsburgh Courie1-1-1-
in which the "Messenger's" column entitled "Mr. Muhammad Speaks, "appeared
regularly from June, 1956, until August, 1959. A brief explanation of the technig
oi the N01 concerning the use oi this paper will reveal how Negro newspapers are
need, not only as a means oi recruiting members, but also as a means oi raising
additional funds for the N01. ~
1 . lttsburgh Courier
___-__.¬_,____..______-_--.
This Negro newspaper, established in 1910, is published weekly in
several editions for zarious cities and areas throughout the whole country. The
;f92,.. _ ,2 .. my ,1, ,,.,2 -,, !:. .,_"» ii er ¬. , a ._, ... . ,._ . P ,1. =1 rm". .l.%;'*: - r ,.. . I , .1." .»w.»*XaTi Fr 5, qr. 1_,.'.i=_, t.1;,...:,, ix. hi: Q. _; ts; 1&1; :i..:..a!L::. .-35;. 6 if @j.»<_.;
The Messenger Magazine, Vol. 1, Ho. 1, 1959, page 2-0. * _ I »..
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Muhammad's column, the management oi the paper realised this column
would be controversial but thought that it might create reader interest. '
In addition, Elijah Muhammad guaranteed the owner of the newspaper that
he would require all members or! his organization to become salesmen of
the Courie which would increase its circulation by several thousands at _
copies each week. There was a sizable increase in circulation soon after_.._.__1'»_
92.u
the column began. This was accomplished as a result oi all N01 members itI
being forced to buy a certain number at copies each week. The members l
were then supposed to get their money back by reselling the papers. i
Subsequent changes in the financial arrangements between Muhammad and
the management oi the paper were worked out, all oi which increased the
income of the N01. By early 1958, the NO! was reportedly subscribing to
100,000 copies weekly and receiving a commission of from $500 to $625 per
month plus an additional two cents per copy for sales over a certain number.
- This arrangement proved beneficial to both parties until the N01
began to use "pressure tactics" in iurther attempts to get higher commissions.
The N01 attempted this by suddenlycutting their subscriptions from 100, 000
to 12, $30 copies Weekly. Because this would have proved ruinous topaper. which was in poor linanciai condition, the Courier was forced to ggrQQ
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to higher commissions. As time went on, the diiiiculties continusd- lter Qny
I001 temples tailed to pay ior their papers and the N01 made demands lor more
and more space in each issue, the paper cancelled lluhammad's column in
August, 1959. Thereupon, NO! members immediately stopped selling the Courier,
and were ordered to concentrate on selling the lios Angeleserald-Disggh,
which the members of many temples had already been selling along with the Couri
i .
2. hos §_n_geles gegd-Disggh .
This Negro weekly newspaper was established in 1952 and has s
circulation of approximately 30, 000 copies. The publisher and his wile, who
acts as editor, are both N01 members. Bince October, 1958, a staii writer,
also an N01 member, has written a column in support d the N01. For approxima
six months during the latter part oi 1957 and early 1958, and regularly since
January, 1959, issues oi this paper have carried Elijah Muhammads column.
Every one oi Muhammads columns closes with: "Hurry and join onto your own
kind. The time of this world is at band. Write to: Muhammad! Temple
Number 2, 5335 South Greenwood Avenue, Chicago 15, Illinois." Elijah lduhamrzc
and his followers have been more successful in controlling this paper than they
were the §93_r_i_e_i_. Both the editor and his wiie have visited Muhammad in Chlcag
tn become
representatives in various sections oi the country. _.g;;,- " ?iL >"'1.*-92f*;"» . ~ 3- -Q.--1".
5Bince'the Hay 19, 1960, issue of paper, the word "mosque" has replaced "templin liuhammads column. However, other papers reprinting Muhammad's column
continue to use "temple. " _ '
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8. Qther Newspapers and Publications 31,.
hi addition to the above-mentioned newspapers, articles , .
; concerning the N0! and columns by N0! leaders have appeared on numerous
occasions in the New York Amsterdam New " the New Jersey Herald News, 8»
the Bt Louis APE, * and the - ' Articles iavorabie to Elijah ' - Airo American.
L llulnmmad and the M!! also have appared in the publications, Ebony and
I the Hosiem World and the U.S.A. ' The eort expended by N01 members in
g selling the publications mentioned above can be shown by the commissions
pid to the N01 by Ebony magazine. in the Spring oi 1958, N0! olficials and
the publishers of Ebony made arrangements ior N01 members to sell annual
V .V subscriptions to the magazine. Part of the money irom each sale was
i
lorwarded to the publishers, and the remainder was retained by the N01.
Prom Hay to September, 1958, Ebony publishers paid commissions oi more
1
, .
; than $13,000 tor the sale of nearly 8,000 magazine subscriptions by members
l_ d the Chicago N01 temple.
h March, i960, The New Cruszuier, 2: weekly Z"?iegro
published in Chicago, started to regularly carry Muhammad's column, as
well as other articles about the N01. As with other papers, .
yi
New York Amsterdam News, New Jersey ?§£§§~§§§;%iy§_e§j§, _
$2.? .15 are lhlegofweekly newspapers; the Afro-ftrnericzgi, sitetionsl issue,-__-__-*~ + a fgegro semiweekly newspaper; Ebon magazine is a Negro monthly; andjioslem Woridand the U.8.A. is not now in publication, but this magazinewas irregularly published as an attempt, according to the editor, to promote _,understanding between Islam and the West.
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- space while promising that the NO! will increase the paper's
B. NO1Publication| '
The N01 has publiehed and sold many pamphlets and throwawaye.
Beveral oi them have had very wide distribition and are constantly tised an
means oi furthering N01 teachings and activities. Examples include:
The 8u reme Wisdom--a 56-page tabloid setting lorth ' -
thelteachings or "message" of Elijah Muhammad,
The Messenger Magazine--a 40-page pamphlet with many . _
Bicturee of cuIt'Businese*ee, the 1958 convention, the family
oi the son-in-law oi Muhammad, and plans for the NatiomlMosque ' '
The Islamic News-~an eight-page tabloid containing pictures
and a transcript oi the speech oi Elijah Muhammad at the .
_ Washington, D. C., "ieast".On May 81, 1959 _.
During May, 1960, two additional publications were released which a
are receiving wide distribution. They are: _ -
Muhemmnzd 5 w size--Zh.¬.e: 16-page tabloid, sexloecribe AMont¬:;&dicated to Justice for the Black Man, " is
published in New York and sells for 15 cents per copy. The trait
pageolthetiretisstieieatureeapictureonllluhaxliznadsaid, Inhold- green headlines, hie statement: "We Must Have Some 14nd!" The
paper contains excerpts [mm Muhammad: speech at the 1960 nnnml
V, places he visited in the wddle Esta. This issue also Ems
.-i;_ , 1 information concerning the N01, police brutality againnt
» in New York City, and articles on Negro nationalistic
H in Africa. One full page is devoted to an appeal from Muhaminadbr'1, ;j_*'£¥' - funds tor the proposed I0-million-dollar center in Chicage;"?§5f-T*>"i=Mm.
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JD: '_Q:Q ¢'0§_.Iuhammad Speaks to the ,_Biack Man--The tirst issue is a 84-page ;;.' 13,- ,"' pocket-else puhlaaon w61?>h 13 expected to he issued semi- -monthly h-om Chicago. The magazine, seli-described as "The -llagasine that Dares to Tell the Truth, " contains two articles '
by lluhammad and articles by other lb! members. All
articles are in keeping with the NO! tactic oi ridiculing the
white man and those Negroes iavoring integration oi the races,
while heaping praise on Muhammad and his followers.
C. Travel ljIOI Leaders
- Although Elijah Muhammad, several of his sons, and a few of the ,-
leading ministers travel constantly visiting-and speaking at the various ~- ;
_4
"0temples throughout the United States, it was just recently that the _ i,
-.: ti,
"Messenger" completed a long-planned trip to the Middle East and an ' _ i
alleged pilgrimage to Mecca. Bis main purpose in making the trip, '1j
. it is believed, was so that he could gain publicity and thereby help in his 1-
. efforts to achieve an aura of respectability for his teachings and to " i
impress his tollowers and the general public. ' _ ' ~ i
Throughout the year 1959, all members 01 the nor were solicited U~ . _'_ __~'.__.J.
for donations for the proposed trip oi the "Messenger." In July, hialoolm E, _
the minister 0! the New York temple, travelled to the Middle East "to act
v H
between Muhammad and Gamal Abdel Nasser, President oi end the
-I . .:'i-< »,@:.'.~~.:~., x,-V . ' 11' _. ~ -_ 'r 1.~.; - v 1. ~:-~- -_':._~ 92 1 H, -__ 4 ,_,.,.,_. L . _ . H.» v .,f»'. -5 .- p. as a goodwill ambassador ior Elijah Muhammad" and to arrange for meetings Ql
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United Arab Republic, and other leaders. n appears um llalcoln x
nun, mi» on his rm», he mm um he ma not visited Mecca, as and
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Ilijahliuhammad oontinnledtomakeplans
Herbert and Akbar would accompany him on his trip. In preparation for taking
numerous photographs of his father and various Arabian leaders, Muhammad's
son Herbert purchased nearly $1, 500 worth of equipment, including
camera, 100 magazines oi movie tilrn, 300 rolls oi 85-millimeter color film, and
50 rolls oi black and white lm ior a reflex camera. __
Muhammad and his two sons began their airplane tripat New York City
on November 21, and the N01 laid plans for a triumphal meeting in early
February, 1960, at Los Angeles upon completion oi the round-the-world trip.
During the trip, Muhammad continued his column in the Herald-Disgch with
articles date -lined irom the variotu cities that he visited. He described places
he had visited and continually stressed the wonderful reception he received at
each stop. Late in December, according to his column, he and his eons mum
both Mecca and Medina.
Although Muhammad was supposed to travel around the world and arrive
in Les Angelee early in February, 1960, he and hie two none eoenly arrived
back in New York City on January 6, 1960. No explanation, as yet, has
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' Ihile the publicity resulting trom newspapers, mngazinsl, .
pamphlets, and throwaways, as well as conventions, basalts, "leash,"
and the travel oi cult leaders, has aided the ROI in becoming better
known ironghout the country, Elijah Muhammad and his cult leaders .
have resorted to numerous techniques designed to add new iollowers to
this growing cult. '
Probably the most important of these was inaugurated by _
Iuhammad during the Summer oi 1958. At a meeting of cult leaders in
'1'Iuhammad's home, he annolmced that he had decided to "de-emphasise
the religious aspects oi his teachings and to stress the economic benets
to be derived by those Negroes who joined the N01. Muhammad stated
that, in changing this emphasis, he Ielt the Negro would show a Keener
interest in the program which would improve his everyday life, rather
than in a program which would change his religious views so completely.
This policy change is shown in articles by Muhammad which
set forth his so-called "Economic Blue Print for the Black Man. "
Muhammad stated the so-called Negroes in America must stop looting
toward the white man for justice and jobs and should take the {allowing
steps: ~__ _92_ ,__ _,_V_92. 2 ,'. . " '. 71' -.. '_. . ~ £75--r ""18, =-_» ' 3'$"}" .'4-.- l~§.i' . ;....-...--. >1 -_ - . -4,:-.;§_ ~
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_'_Los Angeles Herald-Disgtch, Chicago edition, January 0, 1960.. ark
"1. Recognize the necessity for unity and group .4
activities!. _ 1
'92. Pool your resources; physically as well as ~' '
"8. Btop wanton criticism of everything that is black-owned
and black operated. A
"4. Keep in mind--Jealousy Destroys from Within.
"5. Observe the operations oi the White Han. He is successful.
He makes no excuses for his iailures. He works hard--is
s collective manner. You do the same.
"8. Spend your money with your own kind. "*
At various times, the N01 has emphasised concerted eorts toward th
recruitment oi the more intelligent and educated Negro and, at other times, this
emphasis is placed on the illiterate and dissatisfied Negro. While in the past, a"
teaching oi N01 ministers was designed to inflame and agitate the followers,
through the years the teaching has been softened so that, at least bring the
meetings open to visitors, t is not as inflammatory. g '
Members of all temples regularly engage in "iishing'* for the "dead" a
a method of gaining recruits. "Fishing" consists of going out into the streets pr
tomeetingsinanattempttobringthe "dead,"nonmembers, intothetempls. It
example, all F01 members oi the Washington temple are required to "fish" on
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Sundays from ten in the morning until two o'clock, when the meetiw begin.
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I. _l_lembership Procedures
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'1'hose persons desiring membership in the N01 are required to
lollow certain procedures before they are considered full-iledgeckmembcs.
_While there are some exceptions, the following steps are iose generally
required oi new members.
A prospective member is first given the following letter which
he is to copy in his own handwriting. In the event an error appears in the
handwritten letter, it will be returned from Chicago with a request that the
applicant rewrite the application. . V
- "Address
City and State
Date
"Mr. W. F. Muhammad
4847 So. Woodlawn Ave.
Chicago 15, Illinois
"Dear Savior Allah, Our Deliverer:
l have been attending the teachings oi Islam by
one of your Ministers, two or three times. I believe
in I1, and lbear witness that there is no God But
Thee, and that Muhammad is Thy Servant and Apostle.
I desire to reclaim my Own. Please give me my
Original name. My slave name is as follows:
Name
Address" £,,,,.l-ii
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?».0-.enclosing question forms to be answered. Accompanying these forms rsqnes
that if the applicant is married, the spouse should sip his or her nanas and l! Idea. »-...~-' -5 . - ~-..~l-I _' '2
Upon acceptance of the application, a letter is directed to Q0 lltcantQ . - 92 _ .~ _ q I. - . .. . If-Z P . ;.. _-~_ 1 :. L:.._ _ _ . - -e ._ - _ >- _.a~ ¢ 1 - -1 - .
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18 years oi age, the parents should sign. The question forms are as follows
"Question form number 1 . A
"All questions must be answered correctly - 100% - all who
accept Islam Please till out your-seli, use ink!
Are you married? . ._ .
. Are you living together at the present time? . . .
Have you a marriage license? . . .
. Do you have children? . . .Are you divorced? . .- . '
Have you divorce papers? . . . _
. Sign the enclosed iorzn - Declaration oi His or Her Own. '
"Rema.rts:"
"Application ior the Declaration oi His or Her Own
"Name . . t .. Please state names and ages of your children under Remarks
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ohm: ma ll " p________.._----1-II m _ , . _Included with the above forms are several lists d "tacts" and a I
-list oi ten questions, called the "student enrollment." The "student enrollment" i
questions must correctly answered and mailed to Chicago beiore the
applicant receives his otiicial "X" name. .
The minister oi the New York temple has explained the use cl the
"X" name as lollowe: '
"During slavery, the slaves were known as Sam, John,Luke, George, etc. All were known as Jones slaves,Smith's slaves, or whatever the last name might havebeen. Bince the original names had long been droppedalong with our culture and religion, 'we' took our mastersname alter we were treed. When you become a member,your slave name is dropped and you are given an 'X"lmtil _your real name is given back." t V .
Within each temple, tor example, the first man named John receivn
hisXname wo=uldbeJohn X, the next wouldbeJohn H, andeoiorth. $evera1- , temples having a large membership have gone as high as I'll in assignig _ "
' an mm¢_ Gnumbers to members with the same giv A
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Alter complcting the mro1lmcntiT'q 1r°m°t" u "cc" I,
stud to nova:lppliblni is usually introduced at 1 regular N01 meeting IN! IN"
' mu h "31 quggtionl md make a abort npooch before the F009 N '1'? Q
"hgppy" to be an NOI member.
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VI. QECURITT MEASURES AND DIEIPLIIIQ ._,, __
*- _1£_.°*!-BE ~ . .- » -
All lI0ltemples conchcttvo types oi meetings, those Qslb -~ 1 ~
the general public and those conducted tor members only. nae number and
trequency of these meetings vary considerably. The regularity ot attendance
by the members also varies among the individual temples. In some temples,
members are required to attend all meetings. At these temples, a member
who is unable to attend must call the temple before the beginning of the '
meeting to lurnish an acceptable excuse. Nonacceptahle excuses result in
temporary suspension. Other temples require attendance at only one or two
meetings a week.
Several ot the larger temples conduct meetings every nipt of
the week, with both afternoon and evening sessions ciiring the weekends.
_l'hese temples usually conduct two or three open meetings, two or more for t H
the general membership,and separate sessions for the F01 and HGT. . ~ '
Emaller temples often have fewer meetin, but ell have some epen and
some closed meetings. An air ct secrecy pervades all meetings, and strict
rules forbid the discussion oi temple activities outside the temple.
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Both members and nonmembers attending NO! meetings arel
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Ithoroughly searched before entering the temple hall. A11 males are searched
Ior liquor, guns, knives, tiles, or any sharp instrument. Not caily are those
items not allowed in the temple, but also cigarettes, gum, papers, packages,
or such items are taken from the man. He is then furnished a claim ticket
with which to reclaim his property on leaving the temple. Females are taken
to another part at the building, searched for weapons oi any kind, and svsn
-_ relieved at possessions such as lipstick and cosmetics. They, too, receive
_ » s ticket to reclaim their property upon leaving the temple.
After being thoroughly searched, the individuals are admitted to the
.s.
temple meeting room ,where the members are seated separately, men in me
section, women in another. _ At open meetings, where visitors are in attendance,
3
_ the visitors are also seated in a separate section. During meetings, guards are
.
§ stationed around the hall and in the aisles. They are changed at regular
Z intervals. The guards duties are revealed in "general orders for guards"
.. which were issued by the Chicago temple:
1.
»- "1. To take charge oi this post, and all temple property invisw.
,2. To walk my post in a perfect manner, keeping always on the
' alert. .
- 3. To report all violations 0! orders I instmciezl. ts §:»s:r¬o1"ce. .
4. To report all cells ir-om post, more rms; ieznpie
i; than my own. _"_1 5. To quit my post, only when properly relieved.
6. To receive, obey and pass on to the sentinel, who relieves me,
all orders iirom the commanding officer, officers oi
non-commissioned otticers cl the guard only. ' .
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In case oi disorder to give the alarm. -
To allow no one to commit a nuisance on or near
- In any cases not covered by instructions, call the
To salute all otiicers and standards not cased.
To be especially watchful at nights during the time oi
'"wM*" ¢IIIIIIIIIIIIIIr ~
During meeting-s, guards are stationed not only within the temples92
but also on patrol on the streets around the temple. '
B. Protection oi Elijah Muhammad
Elaborate security protection is afforded Elijah Muhammad at all
times. Much oi this protection is undoubtedly ceremonial or ritualistic "
evidence oi the respect Muhammad's followers hold for him. Nevertheless, . -
during 1958, a threat was reportedly made against the liie of Elijah Muhammad.
This caused much concern among cult members even though the threat never
materialized. Also, during the Bummer of 1059, J. B. Btoner, head 0! the
Christian Knights oi the K. K. K. , wrote a letter to Muhammad which
was full 0! invective. At the same time, Btoner wrote another letter to the
Few York City Police Commissioner which offered the services oi the
Klansmen to rid the city oi "Muslims" ii the commissioner would furnish j
them with guns and ammunition. Muhammad was very much concerned about
the K. K. K. threat and caused both of Stoner's letters to be reprinted in
.-..
newspapers which normally carry items concerning the N01 4 ' L _
Very recently, a source advised that tor several weeks the guards on duty _ - .
during meetings in one temple have been carrying revolvers under their belts *
tor the protection at speakers and temple officers.
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.- .; _ .3- M »----1 " -a /~."_~s - ,.-_,» _ _ eT ' ' ;-_Muhammad has, for a lmg time, been mm-uy-euuemusi
1952, when iirst viewing the house he was then purchasing tor his '_
lluhammadwas airaidtoenteraroommtilitwasiullylistedndque.
entering, immediately checked the window locks. After moving into the
house, Muhammad had his followers cut away all the shrubbery from around
the house and cut away the tree branches to a height oi six to eight ted so
that no one could approach the house without being seen. L .
When Elijah Muhammad travels away irom Chicagoythe PM '
members at whichever city he visits are responsible for furnishing him '.;T-;'--_
adequate security protection. The precautions taken prior to and during
the Uline Arena "feast" at Washington, D. C., in Hay, 1959, provide a i _
good example of this security. '_ Mj
Prior to Muhammad's arrival at the arena, POI members thoroly
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searched the entire building for hidden devices or bombs and stationed guards
at strategic places inside and outside the building. Another grow Q PU i I
members, in about a dozen automobiles, drove to the airport to meet
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Muhammad. They iirst searched the airport area looking tor suspicious persons
and on thearrival of Muhammad's plane, marched onto the eld and
between two columns of guards beck to a waiting
"-j*';i"i5:"entourage escorted Muhammad to the Washington minister's home,
had been guarded by several POI members since early morning. ,.;-'~.*if,- - ".' _~ w. '- -__ . N .- _' . .- a .-
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3 carloads oi guards remained stationed outside the house until it was necessary'f " .-
ior them to escort him to the arena. Upon arriving at the arena, Iluhammsd
walkediromthecar, intothearena, andalltheililllitotherostrnm
between two lines oi approximately 750 I01 members standing shoulder to
shoulder. The same precautions were taken when Muhammad left the arena.
During his stay in Washington, special food was prepared by NO! members
ho avoid any possibility oi Iluhammad's being poisoned.
C. Discipline and Trials oi Members
Individuals associated with Elijah Muhammad for a considerable t
period have advised that although Muhammad appears to be a mild-mannered
person, it is obvious that he is capable of dominating and impressing his
' " iollowers. This ability is shown by the strict discipline maintained over cult ~
. as
members. s r
As mentioned earlier in this study, the military-type organizational '
setup extends throughout all phases oi not activities. Individual temple Y
ministers, with the assistance oi the temple F01 captains, exert control over
the members of their own temples. The only higher authorities in the
organization are Elijah Muhammad and National F01 Captain Raymond
Sharrie. To maintain this strict control, the various ministers, or FOX
~ I-I,»- " i '.1:captains, hold "trials" to expel or discipline members for a variety oi
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.41 these so-called cu-am, " the violator is called before
minister or the POI captain, sometimes before the regular temple member-
ship meeting and sometimes not. The charges are read and the sentence
pronounced. The member is not allowed to defend himseli and has no right
of appeal; the decision of the minister or POI captain is final.
The most severe sentence imposed on a member is permaned
expulsion from the N01. Another sentence frequently imposed is called the ~~
.
"Class P" sentence. This sentence calls tor the expulsion oi the member .
for a definite period of time, during which he cannot talk to N01 members nor
attend temple meetings. Many oi this type oi sentence are for 90 days for a
minor violation, with up to iive years for a more serious violation. Usually
the iive-year sentence is given with a provision tlnt, if the individual he
lived according to the rules, he might apply ior readmission after one year,
but only ii he shows an unusual willingness to cooperate and further the
N01 program.
For minor violations not calling for expulsion from the temple, the
Class C" sentence is imposed. This requires that the member perform
labor for a certain period oi time with a working group at the temple.
1- -,r_ ' "L -..~..?'. '-1. 1-9-u.!_ .-i The violations which cause a member to be brought to trial
numerous and varied. The following are but a iew examples: V 4
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1. Reporting temple activities to a nonmember
8. Committing adultery .
3. Using narcotics
4. Not attending temple meetings
6. Ilisusing funds collected for the temple
6. Using "unbecoming" language before female members
Failing to bring "lost-founds" visitors! to meetings
Eating or selling pork
Mentioning before temple members that he would refuse to
die for "Allah"
10. Failing to pay extra dues for being overweight
11. Allowing a visitor to enter temple under inuence of liquor
12. Sleeping during temple meeting
D. In!ormant*'!'hreat and the FBI _
During the past year, Muhammad and various NOI ministers lnve
evidenced considerable interest in and attention to the possibility that "spies"
have entered their ranks. They have threatened dire treatment for any
"spies" they catch, while promising that any N01 member "found guilty of
reporting information on temple activities to the white g will he killed. "
. One minister advised his followers that "the FBI devil" cannot
come to the temple himself, so he sends some of "our own in the black form"
to hear what is going on in the temple. The minister then threatened that "we
will pull their tongues out if we catch them or iind out who they are. "
kt en article epgearing last summer in the Lee Angeles Heml,d-'
Distch, Muhammad wrote, "The FBI, who has watched for a chance to do.1 --.--.
the worst against us with their paid Negro stool pigeons among us, evento1,57 " -
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making ialse charges oi stealing the clarity given ior the expenses Q the
temples and laborers, all will nu." i 1 b_ _
Again at the 1960 N01 convention at Chicago, Iluhammad was .
reported to have talked about spies and stool pigeons and toldabout cutting
off the heads of spies and stool pigeons and hanging them up and putting tags
on them. ~ ' _
In spite oi the N01 leaders repeated violent threats oi action they
-
would take against "spies" and Muhammad's claim that all attempts of
nonmembers to learn of N01 activities would tail, the ministers have found
it necessary to take other precautions so that members would not divulge
N01 activities to nomemb-ers.
One minister advised his members concerning talking to FBI
Agents. He cautioned, "Some oi you may think it is wise to engage thsmin
conversation when they come to your house but this is wrong. They will
trick you into saying something even though you think it is small, than thy
will go to other Muslims ior little bits oi information and when they compile
it, they have quite a hit. They are trained to ask you leading questions and
sometimes you will think you ere not grow.
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your house. Ti they have a warrant ior you then go peacefully with them. I
they do not have a warrant then close your door and walk away they
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A. Prison Inmates * 1-
There are a nnmher of Negro inmates at prisons in several states
who claim affiliation with the N01. lome oi those claiming to he followers of
Muhammad who are presently in the Federal Penitentiary at Leavenworth,
Kansas, had caused difficulty in other penal institutions and were subsequently
transferred to Leavenworth. llost of these inmates, as well as many in state
prisons, have embraced the "Muslim" faith subsequent to connement and do
not actually have a very clear -cut idea of Muhammad's teachings. They are .
primarily interested in those features which enable them to complain about
prison conditions and racial discrimination.
For example, in the Fall of 1959, four convicts at a New York State
prison who claimed to he followers of Muhammad filed lepl action against '
the warden claiming that he was denying them enjoyment of religious freedom
while in his prison. They had made demands for special foods, prtyate _
meetings, special equipment, and other special considerations. No final
action has resulted from these complaints, hut much friction has developed
because of this incident, and the N01 has need it 3&5 e. he;_,_ _"
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At another 8tate penitentiary, in Pennsylvania, an inmate
claimed to be a follower oi Muhammad, assaulted a guard alter drinking
some homemade liquor. When he was placed in segregation, I. was '
discovered tint more than 20 other inmates, all iollowers ed Iluhamnmd, _
ind gathered and had planned to cause a disturbance. Fortunately, the plan
was discovered in time to prevent what could have been a seriou incidd.
B. Local Law Officers 7 '
Muhammad and ministers oi the N01 take pride in citing the fearless
nature at the members. They speak with pride at various incidents where the
NOI members have engaged the police. when large numbers d "lius1ims"
gather and white persons are present, there seems to be a sort ed eagerness
to demonstrate their iearlessness. - _.
in July, 1958, an annual "least" sponsored by HT! Number I was
heldataha1linNewYorkCity. Becausedlimitedspacehthehall,i|anyd
the male N01 members were orcedto standoutside the entrances tothe '
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Typical at the contradictory statements made by lluhamnad and V; ff.
.-F! y9 vs 7 Khis ministers concerning violent action are the instructions given by the
New York minister on two occasions within s tew chys oi each other:
"ltembers should not resist law enlorcement otilcers at
any time. We are not against the laws, we are to obey the
laws. Ii the law oicer is wrong we must still obey himbecause Allah will take care oi him. g
"We are not aggressive but peaceful people. The next time
snypolicemanputshis handsonaltuslimhewiilnotgoto
oourtbutwillgotothecemetery."
Also, during 1959, Muhammad wrote a letter addressed to all
temples oi the N01 advising the ministers to read this letter before the POI
st each meeting until such time as the minister was sure that the contents
were clear and well mderstood by everyone. The letter said that the "Muslims"
were getting into too much trouble with the local law enforcement authorities
and that this diiilculty which the "Muslims" were having throughout the mltion
_wasgivingthemabadreputationandwascostingtheN0lagreatdealolmoney.
n However, the letter continued, the members should not interpret these
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instructions to mean that they should turn the other cheek when they are R
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' growing concern over numerous conicts between members and law enforcement:
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1>='-;-i'- .~'_; , _Authorities. They mt um because the Negroes who became sou
are taught to have no tear, they become sell-confident and
results in frequent clashes between members and white person. Q d the
leaders likened the members to ti¢ers,ssyin¢, "Ihen you awake s sleeping
tiger, you must put a harness on him also, otherwise he may do s [rest
deal oi damage. " '
In spite oi this apparent concern, I01 publications continue D "
. - Y Aspread their message of hate. _ ' "
The first issue oi s new N01 monthly publication called .
Hr. Muhammad Speaks, dated Hay, 1960, contains s long article concerning
two incidents involving clashes between New York City police icers Ind -
members of the N01. In both of these cases, N01 members interfered with
omcers who were attempting to make arrests end, in the ensuing noises,
the N01 members claimed they Ind been seriously injured. Both cases y
resulted in long and involved legal lction, Ind the WI is using 10111 '
battles to stir up the members against lsw enforcement authorities and white
people in general. _ V .
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Although Elijah Muhammad constantly claims he is a believer in
zhe recognized religion oi Islam, many orthodox lluslims openly denounce
aim as a fraud, who is using their religion to deceive and exploit the American
iegroes. Muhammad lays down the doctrines and rules which his followers
nust accept. As there is no one written document setting forth the teachings -
and beliefs of the Nation of Islam cult, occasional changes in emphasis
nave been noted. Therefore, the following doctrines, attitudes, and dogma of the
DI have been compiled from the writings and speeches of Muhammad and several
1! his more prominent ministers.r
1 It must be remembered that N01 ministers and assistant ministers
I the various temples throughout the country are quite independent of one
i .. 92
inother and of the national headquarters in Chicago. For this reason, the
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es/chings and attitudes reected by the followers of Muhammad at various
amples and on different occasions often vary from mild defiance against the
irhite man and "his government" to insane hatred for all facets of the "white
Lads society. " '
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The following doctrines are those openly taught by lluhmumd
and his ministers through the numerous meetings of the ID! visitor:
or "lost-tounds, " may attend. They are also loudly proclaimed at pbllc
meetings and conventions and through the many publications and newspapers
in which articles by Muhammad appear.
1. Allah Himself Agaointed Muhammad as the Messeqg _
"Allah came to us from the Holy City of Mecca, Arabia, In 1880.
He used the name Wallace D. Fard'. . .He also signed His name
as W. F. Muhammad which stands for Wallace Fard Muhammad
He came alone....He said, My mme isMahd1, lamod, loam
to Guide you into the right path that you may he successful and
see the Hereafter. . . . He chose me to hear the Message 0! Lite
Islam! to my people here. , , = I have been raised and chosen by
God bteach and lead you to Him, that you may see the Hemmer
and you may do well to {ollowand obey me...."
Muhammad, Moalem World and the USAJune-July, 1.553 H H H
"lam sent !romAllahandhave thehacklngolllahandthe
powers of heaven and earth to reclaim our people in America
{rem their tormentors. "
Muhammad, New Crusader, Iehruary 2
1060.
"Ieamed1rectlyfromGod.IarnguldedhyGod. lamb:
communication with God andknow God. Hlmdnsatmwn
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that was with me, l would not dare heiore anyone
andspeakaslspeak. IiGod1snotIlthme, titiodislt
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protecting me, how can! come and say things no other man '~has said and get away with it? And why should I fear the Devilwhen God has given me knowledge cl the Devil. . . " g'-
U C I O I I I
"I am only warning you that your Christian brothers are notgoing to take you to heaven, they are going to tske you to hell. 1The only saie place ior you today is to follow me, believe inIslam, believe in Allah and you will see the hereafter. " Q
l ' Muhammad, lgr. Muhammad Speaks,llay, 1960 l I '
2. Christian Religion Is a Hoax
"The Christian religion is a hoax because it teaches Jesus was
born without the beneiit of natural man-woman relations and
claims Jesus was the son oi God. ...Jesus was buta prophetlike Moses and many others and was a believer in Islam. . . .
Christianity as a religion was never known by Jesus becauseit was fabricated in Rome alter his death . . 6 Christianity isnot the religion oi the black man but instead is a tool oi the
white man being used to enslave black men. . . .Throw the
Christian religion in the garbage pml and then take the pailand tight like hell. " .
* Muhammad, Chicago Convention,
February, 1960 »
"the kind oi Christianity that the white man is teaching usdestroys love for seli and kind. It puts the desire in the heart
d the blackman to love and adorethe white race. . . .The god,
the angels, and the prophets have always been painted whiteby the Christians. This is a false picture of God, and his
prophets as painted by the White race. " 4
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December 18, 1959 3?"Christianity was given to the Negro by the white man. Giriltinlg
promises all things aiter death. Negroes need them now. Negro .
ministers do not understand the Bible and don't know what they an
talking about. . . Jesus was not a white man and did not_'iomd' _
Christianity. The Bible was written years alter his death. he
Bible is lies made up by white man to tool the black mm. '
_ N01 minister, Boston, October 11, 1959
3. White Lian the Devil and Our Enemy -
"The false teachings of his god and religion, poison foods, drinks,
and drugs, have brought the so-called Negroes into a state oi
mental death. They have no knowledge oi sell, nor anyone else,
and are persecuted and killed all day long by the white man, their
open enemy the Devil!, who has deceived the Negroes into even
loving him as they should love Allah God!. "
Muhammad, Los Angeles Herald-DisEat__c_h,
April 7, 1960
"The world knows that I am teaching you the truth and, most oi
all, desire justice for my people in America, with whom I have
suffered all of my life. Allah God! has given to me the key to
loosen them £1-om the power and bondage of our ever-relentless,
merciless, evil, indecent murderers, our open enemies, the -
devil slavemasters; so that our people may be free indeed and -
know their God our only true friend! and their enemies the devils!,
who have deceived them and the world of the black natims. "
Muhammad, Pittsburgh Courier,
. August 15, 1959 e
"We are thankful to Allah for raising up from amongstus
llijah Muhammad to lead us on the right path and to tell us
who we are, to tell us who is our God snd to tell us who is
g
ieiuhsmmsd taught us he is top of the groamri. "' r
' N01 minister, New York, *1
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Muhammad, Loo Angeles Herald-_1Q_i_gga£h:}7_ 'i.T,?*.? 7September 17, I959 _
4. yhite Ianaslnslavedthelackllan
"The white race went to Africa, robbed her of some of her native
sons and daughters to bring to America to slave for them. These
the so-called Negroes! were cut completely off from contact with
their native people for 300 years; these blacks the white man has
robbed so completely of his teachings and trainings, that now hecan use one against the other." '
F
Muhammad, Los Angeles Herald-Digatch, '
April 7, 1960
"In 1555 our mothers and fathers were taken from their homes l
by some Christian white men and taken to this country in chains. 5
Our mothers and fathers would not submit willingly to slaverylo ' 1'
they were allowed to have children. When the children came '
forth they were taken away from their mothers so that they would - .
not acquire any knowledge of themselves. Our mothers and
fathers were killed by the white man and we, the children, had
no one to tell us who we are. No one to tell us where we came . r
fromandmostofalinoonetoteliusthatourGod'snameis 1Alllh. i e 5
A . NOI minister, New York, December 18, 1959
"The Negroes have been blind, deaf and dumb to the knowledge of
themselves for the past 400 years. A man cannot have respect
for himself unless he has a knowledge of himself. This is why
our slavemasters kept our history away from us. How could they
use us if we had known that we are the best people on earth?"
. New York, eptember ?77?~"***
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timeoiourenemieshascometoansndandthat Vlromtheiaceo:ttheearth...." V - '
O O I I Q . .". . .God, Himseli, hates the wicked devils and has set a day tor
their destruction. "
Muhammad, Los Angeles Herald-
Disgch, October 89, I959
"Alloiusknowthatthetimeotthewhiteracewssupinlilqtbe ~extension oi time that they have been granted was given to them to - _,allow time for the awakening of the black man, and especially the
so-called Negroes in America, who are living under the power dthe people who are rst to be destroyed of all the people on earth. . . ."0
Muhammad, Loe Angelel Herald-Dispatch, February 18, 1935 _ -
The devil has used us for his benefit, but his time is up, and he
will soon be destroyed. All those who love him will also rm-nin
the res of destruction."
M!! minister, New York, -
June I, N59
e. Black Man mm Be Awakened -
"You, the so-called American Negro, with the help of Allah God!
can solve your own problems.
". . .Beiore the Black Man can begin to gain economic security, he
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"Allah has risen me to preach the llessage of Truth to my mentally
dead people. . . . "
l lluhammad, Los Angelea Herald-
Dispatch, October 39, 1965
"We, the so-called Negroes, here in North America, should be
thankful to Allah for giving us Elijah Muhammad. Muhammad has
brought us face to face with our open enemy. Before we met
Elijah Muhammad our knees used to shake when we saw a white
man. Muhammad has taken away our fear. "
N01 minister, New York, January 8, V
1960
7. Black Man Must Unify and Gain Economic Independence
"1 have this message for my people, the so-called American Negro; _
truth for you is like givinglife to one who is physically dead. lhe
aim is to separate the so-called Negro from the slave master and
sit them in heaven; to give them a thorough knowledge of the scripture,
self, of God and of the Devil and the scriptures pertaining to them.
Unite them all to their own kind, the next qualification for self
independence on the planet earth, in a place they can call their own.
Stop depending on others to do for you what you can do for yourself.
"Unite, pool our income to help create, build a future for our peqale
regardless of whether they are Hoslems or not. Buy land, help e
build homes, schools, hospitals, businesses, factories tohelp mahe _
employment for yourself and your fellow man. These things may be
accomplished by you and me uniting together, spending our money
with our own. ". f
Muhammad, yr. Muhammadpeakg,§»¬e.3e, 1§&0 f * if W if
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{ » "Some oi us have hundreds and thousands oi dollars, lying in the
; A white man's banks...sit down with meandthinkonyourown
i people's condition, as I have and let me have this money, to me
' 1 for yourseli, and your poor nation, which will return to you in
millions and billions. " -
* A Muhammad, New Cnmader,
March 26, W55
92 J ,a. Black Man Must Have Landofil Own e
"We must have some land. . . . Let there be no mistake about it.
We must come out from among the wicked and be separate. We
should be given land of our own, a subsidy in payment for the
Ii years our fathers were used as bondsmen, and then be left to [0Q-v
- Onourown." .
Muhammad, Hr. Muhammad
- , Sneaks, May, T535
"The so-called Negroes must be separated from the White race
and given a home on this earth that they can call their 0wn."_ _
Huhammad, Los Angeles Herald-_ Dispatch, November 5, 1955 An
"Muhammad's plan is for the United States to give Negroes
either a tract of land, or several states, wherein they could
form their own government. ' -
"His point was that in accepting this land Negroes would not be
accepting gratuities, but would merely be receiving payment of
~ back salary earned during the many years of slavery. "
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._ _ ..,-'_,
' Ihile the openly stressed doctrines set iorth in thepreceding ~_
reveal some d the belids cl the lollowers d Elijah Muhammad, the resl -
feelings d the members cannot be shosm through statements made at open '
meetings or irom articles in generally available publications. Only in closed
meetings do many d these true attitudes reveal themselves
l. ' Attitude toward Violence " ,;_
"/ ;>>4Muhammad continually publicizes the peaceful ways d the IDI, l
and though the openly publicized doctrines declare that the white race will he T; -
Mstroyed, it is said this destruction will come about through the power d I.
Allah; Etatements made in temple meetings reveal that Allah will get some
help from ll!! members, if recent instructions of ministers are followed by
the members:
" e man to bury the hatchet. We'll bury
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"Ii anyone gives information on the organisation to the
white man, you must take care oi him. Take that persai °"* '1"! °" ° "1"'° -" i A ' "
"Beads will roll if the white man molests a Negro woman. ..'.
When you kill a snake, that is not hate.
"Ii one black man is lynched, a white man EB orbaby! should be killed. "
"Because the white race is attempting to keep Negroes _
in slavery, heads will roll, and it won't be lm . "--6
2. Attitude toward American ,I'lag_and Qovernment d
Muhammad openly advises his followers to show respect lor the
American flag and the authority oi the Government. However, at temple ~'
meetings, the ministers speak of our ag as the "rag" and repeatedly
denounce the "white man's government" which they claim gives them no freedom,
. -
justice, or equality. As an aid to the ministers in their derision of our lag-
and Government, nearly every temple is equipped with a large blackboard; the
upper part of which contains a drawing of the American ag and the ag 0! the
N01. Yv~
* ' Following are statements recently made in closed meetings:
Minister pointing to the Amer%.ee,,n said, "Our children are
expected to pledge he it tiny end mm eons ere
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picture of a Negro a tree. , ,. t
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_ "United States ag represents ireedom, justice and equality tor . ,mily the white people; the red stripe in the U8 flag is for freedom,
just as it is in the Muslim ag, the crescent, but there is a
white stripe iollowed by another red stripe which means there is
- only freedom ior the white race. " _
"Black man has nothing to protect in the white man's government.Stop being a tool, you have no part in the United States Government. "
L"You have no justice under the American flag and no ireedom and
equality. Under the Muslim flag, the crescent and star, you will
receive ireedom, justice, and equality. The American flag is ior
white men only." d
8. Attitude toward Selective Service and Armed Forces
Muhammad publicly states that each member oi the N01 decides tor
himself concerning registering under the Selective Service Act and entering the
0
Armed Forces. He claims the members are emected to obey the Government
and make the Government proud d them.
However, when speaking beiore temple meetings, he says that he does
not order any of his followers to refuse to comply with the Selective Service
laws but that he is against any cooperation with the white man on the part of his
followers. He also tells them that a member who joins the Armed Forces is .
not considered to be a member oi the ml while he is serving in the Armed Forces
ltsit can, if he lends ea righteous we after leaving the service, eeiurn to the $1.
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_ m 1 short lm, made by Muhammad and currently being at. Q Ha ~
varins temples throughout the country, lluhammad states: do not
register for the draft because they owe no allegiance to the lhlted Rates. '
Ihy should Muslims protect a country which does not honor them or their
women, and in which the Muslims do not receive lreedom, equality, nd
justice?" -i - 7
Muhammad's ministers have also spoken against elective Service.
he advised his members to discuss Selective Service with himybefore
registering because membership in the N01 entitled them to status as
conscientious objectors. Another told his members that he would rather pl
to prison than fight in the "white man's army.'
NOI members are regularly being arrested for tailing to register
under the Selective Service Act. Recently several members, upon being '
arrested, said they "had no reason to register, " as they were "registered
with stun " Muhammad's own son Wallace is presently "tree mbond pending
appeal" of a three-year prison sentence for tailing to obey his draft board's
order» i
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. ha addition to the Preceding doctrines and attitudes Which 1%
Uthe beliefs or credo oi the Nation oi Islam, consider the f0l10I'ln¢.&~§Il3_"££-:_ Q
or "facts" which NO! members are taught and expected to accept. All l --
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|"60 trillion years ago the planet earth and the moon were one
vlweh " i,
"One of our wise black scientists got angry sixty six trillion years
ago and wanted to destroy everybody because he could not
make everyone speak the same language. He dug a shaft in
the center of the heart oi this planet, filled it with explosives
andsetitoffthinklnghe wasgoingtogetridofalloins.
He only blew it into parts; the part you call the moon was
blown away and dropped all the water on this side. " ~ :1?
the following excerpts have been taken lrom recent articles or speeches d
Muhammad and several of his more prominent ministers. ._
v t i
"The whole planet earth was known as Asia. The black man
lived in heaven in the place called lfecca today. In those
days there was no one in Africa until one of the scientists
asked for permission to take his family into Africa so that
they would be closer to nature. , This is why you find the
black man in Africa today. " _
"Originally all people on the Barth were black; however, a
man named Yakub took some brown people toan island and
by a process of selective breeding, which took hundreds of
years, produced a man who had white skin, but who was _
weaker than the black man. Be said that after the white
man was produced that the black man chased him out of
Asia, and into the caves of Europe. He said the white man
lived in caves with dogs, and ate raw food. He said that after
- a time Moses was sent to teach the white man how to live,
but Hoses found the caves so dirty that he could not teach
the white man anything so Moses called together all the wise
scientist; ;,to prochce an animal that would eat the lth of
the white man. He said the scientists tried the dog, the
rat, and the cat; however, none of these were suitable, and1. . - '~
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>"The pyramids were built by the black man. The white I ' '
called this one oi the wonders oi the world. The white nan _ _
thinks it tookus 800 yearstobulldthepyramidsbtltitrsally
took us only 20 years. we could have done it hi ii years
but we only worked on the pyramids when we were on our t
mew-" i "
"Allah allows only a limited amount of time to any race to
rule the earth and the so-called white race was given ' '
6, 000 years to rule the earth which period expired in 1914 .
The white race is living on borrowed time and the reason
God has not yet destroyed the white race is that Allah ls
waiting until all righteous people dark races! have Md
the opportunity to hear the truth as it is taught by klam"
.
"An angel, a human being, is ying in an airplane with a
mission to give the people the last warnings which will
be in pamphlet form. These pamphlets will be written
or printed! in two languages - Arabic and English - and
they will he dropped from a terriiic height over America, '
the only country that the Revelation is directed to. Hie
everlasting Gospel, ' which means, the last true warning
to the so-called Negroes and foreign Muslims will take
place between eight and ten days before the final day oi°'" ° °°- " i i _
"North America will be destroyed by short circuiting gravity
which would result in North America being engulfed in tire whichwould last for 800 years. " _
"The vision of !zekiel's wheel in a wheel is true it carefully
understood. There is a similar wheel in the sky today which
very well answers the description of lsekiel's visim.. . .
This wheel-like plane, its like never before seen. You
cannot build one like it and get the same results. Your
brains are limited. I! you would make one to look like it, _ L
you could n0t get it up oti the earth into outer space. '2-,5 ,§»=.~~.~ .¢=-v .~. -: -,7
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"The present wheel-shaped plane tnPlanes, is one-hall by a hsli-milemechanical man-made object in thhumanplanetmadeiorthepurpose epresantworldotthe enemies oiAllah. The costtobuildsnchaplane is staggeringl The nest brains were used to buildit. ue is capable of staying in outer space six to twelvee without comin into the earth's gravity. months at a tim gI carries iiiteen hundred bombing planes with most
deadliest explosives.
"The bombs are equipped with motors and the toughest oisteel was used in making them. This steel drills andtakesthebombs intotheearthatadepthoione mileandis timed not to explode until it roaches one mile into theearth. This explosion produces a mountain one mile high;not one bomb will tall into water. They will all tall on
cities. "
"Allah has told Muhammad that He, Allah, will destroy the
wicked natim white race!. "
"The so-called Negroes should give up the slavemaster's
name and religion and unite with Islam."
_"l'they do not unite with Islam they will be destroyed byAllah. He that wears the name oi the 'beast' white race!shall be destroyed by Allah along with the beast! "a
Additional "iacts are included E the Lessons tor N01 members A
set iorth in the Appendices. _
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' APPENDICES
The Nation of Islam utilizes several lessons which members
are expected to study and learn. These lessons set forth additional "facts"
which are supposed to clarity to the members their history and the history
of their so-called religion.
Each lesson is studied and mastered before proceeding to the
next one.
.1 '
1 ' "STUDENT ENltOLLME_NT LESSON
u
1. "1.
iWho is the original man?
f Answer: The Original Man is the Asiatic Black Man, Owner,
Maker, cream of the planet Earth, God of the Universe and
Father of Civilization.
"2. Who is the colored man?
_ Answer: The Colored Man is the so-called white man or
* caucasian, Yacobs grafted devil, skunk of the planet Barth.
é N3. What is the population of the original in the Wilderness of North
America and all over the planet Earth?
Answer: The population of the Original Nation in the Wilderness
of North America is a little over 17, 000, 000 lost-founds, plus
2, 000, 000 Indians making a total oi 19, 000, 000 and all over the
, planet Earth 4, 400, 000, 000.
"4. What is the population of the colored people in the Wilderness of
North America and all over the planet Earth?
Answer: The population of the Colored People in the Wilderness
of North America is 108, 000, 000 and all over the planet Earth,
400, ooo, ooo.
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What is the square mileage of Earth, how much is land? How much
is water?
Answer: The square mileage of the Earth is 196, 940, 000 square
miles. 57, 255, 000 square miles is land, 139, 685, 000 square
miles is water. '
What is the square miles of useful land used every day by the entire
population of the planet Earth?
Answer: The square miles of useful land used by the entire
- population every day is 29, 000, 000 square miles.
What is the square miles of useful land used by the Original Man?
Answer: The square miles of useful land used by the Original Man
is 23, 000, 000 square miles. .
What is the square miles of useful land used by the Colored Man?
Answer: The square miles of useful land used by the Colored
Man is 6, 000, 000 square miles.
What is the birth record of said nation of Islam?
Answer: There is no birth record of said nation of Islam.
What is the birth record of said other than Islam?
Answer: The birth record of said other than Islam ls: Buddaism--
approximately 35, 000 years old. Christianity--approximately 551
years old."
_ - ll -
H4.! DH u _
"LESSON NO. 1
1. Why isn't the devil settled on the best part of the Planet Barth?
Answer: Because the earth belongs to the Original Black Han and
knowing that the devil was wicked and there would not be any peace
among them, He put him out in the worst part of the earth and kept
the best part preserved for himself every since he made it. The
best part is in Arabia at the Holy City Mecca. The colored Han or
Caucasian is the devil. Arabia is in the far east and is bordered
by the Indian Ocean on the South.
2. Why did Moses or Mossa have a hard time to civilize the devil
2000 B. C. ?
Answer: Because he was a savage. Savage means a person that has
lost the knowledge of himself and who is living a beast life. Mossa
was a half original man, and a prophet. Two thousand B. C means
before Christ. In the Asiatic world it was in the eleven thousand
year. Civilize means to teach the knowledge and wisdom of the
human family Or: the Planet Earth. '
3. Why did we let half original man Columbus discover the poor part of
the Planet Earth?
Answer: Because the original man is the God and owner of the
earth, and lmows every square inch of it and has chosen for
himself the best part. He did not care about the poor part.
Columbus was a half original man and was born in Italy, which
is southeast Europe. His full name was Christopher Columbus
and the place he discovered was North America. He found the
Indians here, who were exiled seventeen thousandyears ago
from India. They are original people.
Why did we run Yacob and his made devil from the root of civilization
over the hot desert, into the cave of West Asia, as they now call it
Europe? What is the meaning of Eu and Rope? How long ago? What
did the devil bring with him? What kind of life did he live and how
long before Mossa came to teach the devil of the forgotten Trichiollegy?
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Answer: Because they had started making trouble among therighteous people telling lies. They accused the rightecns peoples,causing them to iight and icill one another. Yacob was an originalblack man, and was the father oi the devil. Be taught the devils todo this devilishment. The root oi civilization is in Arabia at the -Holy City Mecca, which means where wisdom and knowledge oithe original man iirst started. When the planet was iound, we ranthe devils over the Arabian Desert. We took from them everythingexcept the language and made him walk every step oi the way; itwas twenty-two hundred miles. He went savage and lived in thecaves oi Europe. Eu means hillsides and Rope is the rope to bindin. It was six thousand and nineteen years ago. Mossa came twothousand years later and taught him how to live a respectful liie,how to build a home ior himseii and some of the tricknollegy thatYacob taught him. Which was devilishment, telling lies, stealing,and how to master the original man. Mossa was hali original, aprophet which was predicated by the twenty-three scientists in theyear one, iiiteen thousand nineteen years ago, today.
5. Why did we take Jerusalem from the devil? How long ago?
Answer: Because one of our righteous brothers, who was a prophetby the name of Jesus was buried there, and he uses his name toshield his dirty religion, which is called Christianity, also to deceivethe people so they will believe in him. Jesus teaching was notChristianity, it was Freedom, Justice Equality; Jerusalem is inSouth Europe. Jerusalem is a name given by Jews, which meansfounded in peace, and it was first built by the original man, whichwas called Jebus, also Salem, and Ariel. We took the city irom
the devils about seven hundred iiity years ago.
6. Why does the devil call our people Africans?
Answer: To make our people oi North America believe that thepeople on that continent are the only people they have and are allsavage. He bought a trading post in the Jungle oi that continent,the original people live on this continent and they are the ones who rstrayed away irom civilization and are living a jtmgle liie. Theoriginal people call this continent Asia, but the devils call it Airica,to try to divide them. He wants us to think we all are diiierent.
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'7 Why does the devil keep our people illiterate?
Answer: So that he can use them for a tool and also a slave. He
keeps them blind to themselves so that he can master them. .
illiterate means ignorant. .
" Why does the devil keep our people apart, from his social equality?
Answer: Because he does not want us to know how filthy he is and
all his affairs, he is afraid because when we learn about him we
will run him from among us. Socialist means to advocate. A
society of men or groups of men for one common cause. Equality
means to be equal in everything.
Why does Mohammed make the devil study from thirty five to fifty
years before he can call himself a Moslem Son? And wear the
greatest and only Flag of the Universe? And he must add a sword
on the upper part of the Holy and Greatest Universal Flag of Islam?
Answer: So that he could clean himself up. A Moslem does not
love the devil regardless to how long he studies, after he has devoted
thirty five or fifty years trying to learn and do like the original man.
He could come and do trading among us and we would not kill him
as quick as we would the other devils, that is who has not gone
under this study. After he goes through with this labor from thirty
five to fifty years, we permit him to wear our Flag which is the
Sim, Moon and Stars. He must add the sword on the upterpart.
The sword is an emblem of Justice, and it was used by the original
man in Mohammed's time. Thus, it was placed on the upper part,
oi the flag so that the devil can always see it, so he will keep in
mind, that any time that he reveals the secrets. We gave him this
chance so that he could clean himself up and come among us. His
head would be taken off by the sword. The Holy flag of Islam is
the greatest and only flag known. The Universe is everything Sun,
Moon, and Stars. They are planets. Planets are something grown
or made from the beginning, and holy is somdhing that has not
been dilutect mixed or tampered with in any form.
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10 Why does llohammad and any Moslem murder the devil? What is
the duty oi each Moslem in regards to four devils? What rewarddoes a Moslem receive by presenting the four devils at one time?
Answer: Because he is one hundred percent wicked and will
not keep and obey the laws oi Islam. His ways and actions arelike a snake of the grafted type. So hiohammed learned that he
could not reform the devils so they had to be murdered. AllMoslems will murder the devil because they know he is a snake
and also ii he be allowed to live, he could sting someone else.
Each Moslem is required to bring four devils, and by bringingand presenting four at one time his reward is a button to wear
on the lapel oi his coat, also a iree transportation to the Holy
City Mecca to see brother Mohammad."
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N"LESSON 2 N0. .
1. Who made the Holy Koran or Bible? How long ago? Will you tell II
why does Islam re-new her history every twenty-five thousand years?
Answer: The Holy Koran or Bible is made by the Original People
who is ALLAH, the supreme being, or black man! of Asia; The
Koran will expire in the year twenty-five thousand. Nine thousand
and eighty years from the date of this writing the Nation of Islam
is all wise and does everything right, and exact. The Planet Earth,
which is the home of Islam and is approximately twenty-five
thousandmiles in circumference, so the wise man of the Bast
black man! makes history or Koran, to equal his home circumference,
a year to every mile and thus every time his history lasts twenty-
five thousand years, he re-news it ior another twenty-five thousand
years.
2. What is the circumference?
Answer: 24, B96 miles Approximately 25, 000 miles.
"3. What is the diameter of the planet?
Answer: '7, 926 miles. Seven thousand nine htmdred twenty-six
miles.
"4. What is the total square mileage?
Answer: 196, 940, 000 miles. One hundred ninety- six million,
nine hundred forty-thousand square miles.
"5. How much is the land and water?
Answer: 57, 255, 000 square miles of land. 139, 685, 000 square miles
of water.
'6. What is the total weight of our Manet?
Answer: Sixty sex trillion tons. A nmit followed by twenty-one
ciphers.
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7. How iast does our planet travel per hour?
Answer: 1,037 1/3 miles per hour.
8. What makes rain, hail, snow and earthquakes?
Answer: The Earth is approximately covered under water.Approximately 3/4th of its surface. Ihe Sun and Moon, havingattracting power on our planet while our planet making the terrific
speed oi 1, 037 1/3 miles on its way around t.he Sun. The Sun
draws this water up into the Earth rotation, which is calledgravitation, in a fine mist that the naked eye can hardly detect.
But as this mist ascends higher and increasing with other mists
of water in different currents of the atmosphere until when she
becomes heavier than gravitation, then she distilis back to the
Earth in the form of drops of water or drops oi ice, which dependson how heavy the mist was in the current of air it was in; there
are some layer or currents oi air real cold and warm and somevery swift and changeable so when the water strikes one oi these
cold currents it becomes solid ice in small round drops in form .
or in a light fluffy form which is called snow, but this water is
not ever drawn above six miles from the Earths surface by the
Sun and Moon; the reason I rain s back on our planet is because
it cannot get out of the Earth Sphere with its high speed of rotathg .
around the Sun makes it impossible. Earthquakes are caused by
the Son of Lian by experimenting on high explosion; in fact that
all the above is caused by the Son of Man.
l A " '8. Why does the devil teach the eight-five per cent, that a mystery God
brings all this?
Answer: To conceal the true God which is the Son of Man and make
slaves out oi the 85% by keeping them worshiping something he knowsthey cannot see invisible! and he lives and makes himself rich from
their labor; the 85% know that it rains, hails and snows also hear it
thunder above his head. But they do not try to learn, who it is that
causes all this to happen by letting the 5% teach them; he believes in
the 10% on face value.
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" 10. Who is that mystery God?
Answer: There is not a mystery God. The Son of Han has
searched for that mystery God for trillions of years and was
unable to find a mystery God. So they have agreed that the
only God is the Son of Man. So they lose no time searching
for that that does not exist.
'11. Will you set at home, and wait for the mystery God to bring you food?
Answer: Emphatically No. Me and my people who have beenlost from home for three hundred and seventy-nine years havetried this so called mystery God for bread, clothing and a Home,
and we recieve nothing but hard times, hunger, naked and out ~
oi doors, also was beat and killed by the ones who advocated
that kind of God and no releif came to us until the Son oi Man
came to our aid, by the name of our Prophet, W. C. Fard.
12. Tell us why the devil does not teach that? V
Answer; Because he desires to make slaves out of all he can.So that he can rob them and live in luxury.
13. What bring rain, hail, snow and Earthquakes?
Answer: They continue daily, to teach the 85% that all this that you
see such as rain, snow, hail. Earthquakes comes from that
mystery God that no one will ever be able to see until he dies.
This is believed by the 85%. The 10% know that when man diesthat he will never come back and tell the living weather he liedor not because the dead is never known to return from the grave.
All the History oi Islam never reveals anything that no man had
ever been able to come back £1-om a physical death. But there is
a chance for mental death, because the lost found was once dead
mentally and many of them revived from it. But they were not
physically dead just mentally dead.
"14. Who is the 85%? "
Answer: The uncivilized people, poison animal eaters, slaves frommental death and power. People who do not know the living God,--13
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or their origin in this world and they worship that they know notwhat. Who are easily led in the wrong direction hut hard to lead
into the right direction.
"15. Who is the 10%?
Answer: The rich, the slave makers of the poor, who teach thepoor lies, to believe that the almighty, true and living God is aspook and cannot be seen by the physical eye. Otherwise known
as the blood sucker of the poor.
"18. Who is the 5% in this poor part of the Earth?
Answer: They are the poor, righteous teacher, who do not believein the teaching oi the 10% and are all wise and know who the living
God is and teach that the living God is the Son of Man, the supremebeing the black man! of Asia; and teach Freedom, Justice andEquality to all the human fanily of the planet Earth, otherwiseknown as civilized people. Also is Moslems and Moslem Sons.
"17. _ What is the meaning of civilization?
Answer: One having knowledge, wisdom, understanding, culture,
refinement and is not savage. Pursuit of happiness.
"18. What is the duty of a civilized person?
Answer: To teach the uncivilized people who are savage, civilization,righteousness, the knowledge of himself, the science of everything
in life, love, peace and happiness.
"19. if a civilized person does not perform his duty what must be done?
Answer: If a civilized person does not perform his duty which isteaching civilization to others they should be punished, with asevere punishment. Ezekiel, Chapter 3, 18 Verse; St. Luke
Chapter 12, 47 Verse. A
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What is the prescribed law oi Islam oi said person oi that ability?
Answer: That the civilized person is held responsible for the
uncivilized and he must be punished by the nation of Islam.
"21. Who was the founder of unlike attract and like repel?
"22.Answer: An original man who was a scientist by the name oi
Yacob born twenty miles from the holy city Mecca, in the
year eight thousand iour hundred.
How old was the founder ?
Answer: When Yacob was six years old, while playing with
two pieces oi steel, he discovered one piece had magnetic in
it and the other piece did not. Then he learned that the piece
with magnetic attracted the piece that did not have magneticin it; then he told his people that when he was old enough he
would make a nation that would be unlike and he would teach
them tricknolleged and they would rule for six thousand years.
"23. Tell us what he promised his Nation he would do?
'24.
N2Answer: That he would make a devil graft him from his own
people and that he would teach them how to rule his people for
six thousand years.
What was his idea of making devil?
Answer: It was predicted oi him that he would make devil eight
thousand four hundred years before he was born. 80 he was
born with a determined idea to make a people to rule for six
thousand years.
How long did it take him to make devil?
Answer: Six hundred years he was in grafting devil, or making ~
him from the black man.
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26 What year was that?
Answer: It was in the year eight thousand four hundred, which meansfrom the date of our present history or Koran, or about two thousand
and six hundred years before the birth of Prophet llossa.
I
What was the name of the place where he manufactures the devil?
Answer: Pelan. The same that is called Patmos in the Rev; Chapter I,
9 Verse; an island that is situated in the Aegean sea.
'28 And what kind of rules and regulation including all laws enforced while
manufacturing the devil?
Answer: Yacob first rule was to see that all his followers were healthy,strong and good breeders. if not, he sent them back. All that he found
that was not good in multiplying and that they should marry at the age of
sixteen. Next, Yacob gave his people the law on birth control to be
enforced while manufacturing the devil. That was to destroy the alike
and save the unlike which means kill the black babies! and save the
brown babies. This law was given to the doctors, the ministers, the
nurses and the :remator. The doctors law was to examine all that
marry and this was his law that anyone desiring to marry must first be
qualified by the doctor, and in turn he qualified or disqualified them to
the minister. The minister would marry only the ones that were unlike.
The nurses law was to kill the black babies at birth by sticking a needle
in the brain of the babies or feed it to some wild beast and tell the mother
that her baby was an angel baby, and that it was only taken to heaven andsome day when the mother dies her baby would have secured her a home
in heaven. But save all the brown ones and tell their mother that she
was lucky that her baby was a holy baby and she should take good care
cl her baby, educate it and some day it would be a great man. Allnurses, doctors and ministers, Yacob put them under a death penalty -
to fail to carry out the law as it was given to them. Also, the cremator
who would burn the black babies when the nurse brought it to him; also
death for them if they reveal the secret. He also had other rules and
laws which are not mentioned in this lesson.
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29 Tell us, why he was successful in all his undertakings? '
Answer: Because the people who were his followers obeyed Yaoob
laws. Reguardless what he told them to do, they did it. If not, i
they paid with their lives for every law they brdse. Yacob did
not build prison houses to imprison his people when one fell victim
of the law; the penalty was death and was enforced on every victim.
' 30 Tell us what and how the devil is made?
Answer: The devil is made from the original people by grafting;
by separating the germs. In the black man there exist two germs;
one a black germ and one a brown germ. Yacob, with his law on
birth control, separated the brown germs from the black man and
grafted it into a white by destroying the black germ. After
following this process for six hundred years, the germ became
white and weak and was no more original. Also by thinning the
original blood it became weak and wicked and it is no more the
same. Thus, this is the way Yacob made the devil.
31 To make devil, what must you rst do? A
Answer: To make devil, one must begin grafting from original.
32 Tell us the mental and physical power oi a real devil?
Answer: The mental power of a real devil is nothing in comparison
with the original man. He only has six ounces of brain, while the
original man has seven and one hali ounces ct brain which are
original. The devil has six ounces of brain. They are grafted
brain. The devil's physical power is less than one third that of
the original man. The devil is weak bone, weak blood, because
he is grafted from the original; therefore his mental and physical
power is much weaker than the original man.
"33 What is a devil?
Answer: A grafted man which is made weak and wicked, or any
grafted live germ, from original, is devil.
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And can you reform devil?
Answer: No. All the prophets have tried to reform him devil!
but were unable, so they have agreed that it cannot be done unless
we graft him back to the original man which takes six-hundred
years. So instead of losing time grafting him back, they have
decided to take him oii the planet, who numbers only one to
every eleven original people.
Tell us the exact date of the expiration oi the devil's civilization?
Answer: Expired in nineteen and fourteen.
Tell us the exact number of years, months and days, of devil being
birthed on the planet?
Answer: Six thousand and twenty years. And seventy-two
thousand, two hundred and forty-one months. Two million, one
hundred ninty-seven thousand three hundred and fifty-one days,
~ at the date of this writing , 020 years, 72, 241 months, 2, l97,35l
days!
Tell us what the devil teaches the eighty -five per cent that the God,
is a righteous and unseen being, exist everywhere?
Answer: ALLAH is God, in the Earth, and in the heaven above
and is just and true and there is no unrighteousness in him. But
is not unseen; is seen and is heard everywhere, for he is the all
eye seeing.
Then, why did God make devil?
Answer: To show forth his power, that he is all wise, and righteous,
that he could make a devil which is weak and wicked and give the
devil power to rule the Earth for six thousand years and then destroy
the devil in one day witholli falling a victim to the devil's civilization; »
< otherwise to show and prove that ALLAH is the God; always has been
and always will be. _
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"89. Now, tell us would you hope to live to see that the Gods will take
the devil into hells, in a very near future?
Answer: YES, I fast and pray, ALLAH. In the name of his
Prophet, W. C. Fard. That I see the hereafter when ALLAH
in his own good time takes the devil oi! our planet. v
"40. What will be your reward in reguards to the_destruction of the devil?
Answer: Peace and happiness. I will give all I have and all within
my power to see this day, ior which I have waited 379 years. This
lesson No. 2 was given by our Prophet, W. D. Fard, which
' contains 40 questions answered by ELIJAH Mohammed, one of
the lost found in the Wilderness of North America, February 20th.
1934. "
Li
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NATION OF ISLAM
Cult of the Black Muslims
May, 1965
Federal Bureau of Investigation
United States Department of Justice
John Edgar Hoover, Director 92l1
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IPREFACE .- an
TABLE or coursurs
no Q Q Q Q a n o u n Q a ¢no; Q
summamr AND CONCLUSIONS . . . . . . . . . .. .
A.
B.Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .
Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .
I. ROLE OF FBI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . I I I O O O
II. BACKGROUND OF NOI . . . . . . . . . . . .. .
III. SIGNIFICANCE OF N01 . . . . . . . . . . . .. .
Conditions in United States Affecting N01
Changing NOI Tactics . . . . . . . .. .
Communist Interest in NOI . . . . .. .
American Negroes Reaction to NOI . . . . . . . . .. .
IV. LEADERSHIP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .
A.
B.National Officials . . . . . . . . . .. .
Dissidents . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .
v. QRGANIZATIONAL srnucruas . . . .. . . . .
VI.National Headquarters . . . . . . .. .
National Membership . . . . . . . .. .
Temples or Mosques . . . . . . . .. .
Temple Officers . . . . . . . . . .. .
Fruit of Islam F01! . . . . . . . .. .
Muslim Girls Training MGT! . . . . .
Schools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .
I ' I c OI O I O I I O 0 Q I I Q RESOURCES . .
A. Sources of Income . . . . . . . . .. .
1. Funds . . . . . . . . . . .. .
2. Cult Newspaper. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .0 Q n Q I 0 I0 0
Q 0 u 0 Q 0 00 I
a a n 0 n c u0 I
n Q n 0 u Q Q0 0
Q u n Q Q o I0 0
I u I 0 0 I I0 0
o n Q u o I0 0
o Q Q n Qn 0 Q
u c n | n u un 0
0 c n I Q u o0 0
n u u Q o u Q0 0
Q c 0 I u p o0 I
a a Q Q c Q 00 0
0 I O 0 o0 0 0 0
a a n 0 n o nQ g
n Q n u u o Q0 I
< n n = ¢ ¢ ¢- 0
o I 0 0 Q I uI 0
Q I I o Q I I0 0
I I I O O II I I7792
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2
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15
20
28
28
28
30
31
36
38
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B.Wealth..........,... . . . . ...
C. "Muhammad's 3-Year Economic Savings Plan"
D. Educationa1Center,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,3. NOIBusinesses.............
4. Public Activities--Bazaars and Rallies
VII. RECRUITMENT AND MEMBERSHIP PROCEDURES . . .
VH1. PUBLICITY
IX. tsacumfrrumsugss AND i31_sc1i>Lms . . . .. . . . .A. Recruitment . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .
B. Membership Procedures . . . . . . . . .. .
Q 0 n c u a I c Q 0 0 c | u n o n Q s Q 0 U o 0 0
A Publications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .
B. Exploitation of Negro Athletes . . . . . . . . ,
CAdvertising......... . . . . .....
x. NQ1 VERSUS? LAW AND_OBiDERW . . . . . . . . . . . .. .A
B
CSecurity Measures . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .
Protection of Elijah Muhammad . . . . . . .
Discipline and Punishment . . . . . . . . .. .
______§__Contradictions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .
Police Jurisdiction . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .
Prison Confinement . . . . . . .. . . . . . .
FBI Investigations . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .
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PREFACE
A monograph entitled "The Nation oi Islam" issued in October, 1960,
examined the background, organization, activities, and violent nature of this
fanatical, all-Negro cult in the United States which is based on a distorted
interpretation oi the religious principles of Islam and is motivated by hatred
of the white race.
This new monograph has been compiled from both public and
confidential sources to furnish additional information on this antiwhite group,
which has received a considerable amount of publicity. Trials have occurred
involving prisoners who claimed their religious rights were denied them during
their incarceration; law enforcement officers have been harassed and assaulted
by lawbreakers who claimed to be Black Muslims; and Nation of Islam NO!!
members have engaged in verbal battles, as well as actual altercations, with
former cult members.
Even members of leader Elijah Muhammad's own family have
condemned him. "Black Muslims, "since the assassination in February, 1965,
of Malcolm X, who was the dissident number-two leader, has become a
familiar term nationwide to many who before had never been aware of the
group. His murder has deepened cleavages and multiplied allegations.
Resulting publicity created national interest that in part benefits the N01,
;
because this publicity tends to magnify the cult: position out of all
proportion to its importance.
The public news media generally refer to all Negroes claiming
cult membership as Black Muslims, and this name apparently has been
accepted by Elijah Muhammad and the N01, but attention should be given
to the fact that not all persons classified by the press as Black Muslims
are actually members of the NOI.
This monograph will clarify some oi the distorted images of the
cult and reveal the true consequence of this organization. l
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smmnnv sun CONCLUSIONS
A. Summary
~ Elijah Muhammad has continued as absolute ruler over the Nation
of Islam NOI! since he assumed the title of the Messenger of Allah" following
the disappearance of the cult founder, W. D. Fard, in 1933. Elijah Muhammad
formulates and approves all NOI policy and maintains complete control over
all funds and properties of the organization. Although he still lives in a
luxurious style, his empire has been shaken by recent publicity concerning
his immoralities involving many of his young secretaries and by the defection of
several members of the cult hierarchy.
The expulsion in early 1964 of the former leading spokesman of the
cult, Malcolm X Little, was the first outward sign of a growing dissidence
among cult followers. Malcolms expulsion was followed by the defection of
two of Elijah's sons and a grandson. All had been cult leaders and all made
many virulent accusations against their former leader, who had preached
morality and promised wealth and an independent, segregated paradise to his
Black Muslim adherents.
The last week of February, ciiinsuaed hectic £14»; £92*"¢/iv A
The dissident Malcolm X was murdered on February 21 while standing to
address a meeting of Negro nationalists in New York City. Immediately,
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charges were made that Elijah had been responsible for this murder, and
threats were made against Elijah's life. To further confuse the image of
Elijah and his organization, a few days later at the annual convention of
the N01 in Chicago, Elijah's dissident son Wallace apologized for his previous
accusations against his father and was reaccepted into the NDI.
At present, approximately 5, 000 cult followers attend meetings
of the 37 numbered temples and 31 unnumbered groups, the majority of
which are located in the East and the Midwest. Nearly half of the total
membership belong to only six temples.
Each temple is led by a minister, a Fruit of Islam F01! captain,
and as many other-,lesser officials as are necessary. Within each temple,
the male members compose the FOI and the females compose the Muslim
Girls Training MGT!. Both are operated under strict, military-type
discipline.
All NOI activities are keyed to the raising of money. Each
member is required to contribute to several special funds of his temple.
Each member's regular contributions vary among the individual temples
from about $6 to $13. 50 per week and are used to operate the local temple
sand to sup ii nzid the iieadi:;u..;arters in Ciiicago. Gther
revenue to suppat the Nation comes from bazaars and rallies, sales
of the cult newspaper, and from the profits of businesses run by the temples.
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Since a large share of the money raised by the individual temples is forwarded
to the Chicago headquarters, Elijah Muhammad has amassed considerable
wealth and property.
Recently, Elijah inaugurated two new programs to which he requests
his followers and other "so-called Negroes" to make contributions. The first
is a "3-Year Economic Plan" designed to collect money with which to set up a
Muslim bank as soon as $1, 000, 000 has been contributed. His other program
renews an earlier plan for an educational center to be built in Chicago. These
new programs are given much attention in the cult newspaper. "Muhammad
Speaks." A
E1ijah's teachings had been carried in other Negro papers which
accordingly cult members had been required to sell; then, in the Fall of 1961,
Elijah decided to start his own newspaper. "Muhammad Speaks" was a
biweekly tabloid until February, 1965, when it became a weekly. Every issue
contains by-line articles of Elijah and his featured columnists on certain phases
of Elija.hs teachings. Nearly everything printed in the paper tends to aggravate
the soreness of race relations in the United States and throughout the world.
Always, the white man is portrayed as the brutal oppressor and the black man,
as the innocent victim.
Elijah recognizes the importance of publicity and uses it to aid
recruitment. In N01 member Muhammad All--heavyweight boxing ciampion
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Cassius Clay--Elijah has a widely publicized athlete whose devotion to
the N01 is exploited for recruitment pl1l'p0S¬S. Elijah also broadcasts
on radio, and he has advertised unsuccessfully by means of cards on
public transportation vehicles.
I During the past year, violence has erupted on numerous occasions
between NOI members and "hypocrites, " Elijah's term for dissident former
members. Because of the many violent events of the past year, the security
protection given Elijah. primarily ritualistic in the past, has become
complete and serious.
Though Elijah Muhammad publicly denies that he teaches or
advocates violence or disobedience to the "white man's laws, " a militant
approach is actually pursued through obstruction of police and prison
authority, excessively harassing demands for the "religious" rights of
NOI prisoners, and deliberate violations of the Selective Service Act.
B. Conclusions
1. The apocalyptic religious doctrine that Elijah Muhammad,the self-proclaimed "Messenger of Allah, " espouses in the
N01 is a distorted version of Islam.
2. Elij,ah's appeal to his Black Muslim followers lies not so
much in the pseudo-Islamic religious aspects of his org;aniza~
tion as in his strong condemnation oi white society.
3. Because Elijah has been unsuccessful in recruiting educatedNegroes to accept his teachings, the a1lt's future will depend
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upon the success of his concerted appeal to the less-educated and,less-privileged Negroes who are dissatisfied and frustrated with
their lot in the United States.
4. Elijah's ambivalent teachings baffle his followers. In public, hevows that the N01 does not advocate violence, while in cult meetingshe preaches antiwhite, anti- Christian, and anti-Government conductand threatens the "hypocrites. " Violence has erupted in the past and
will continue as long as confusion, accusations, and doubts prevail.
5- The death of Elijah Muhammad would place the cult in a perplexingpredicament. Elijah claims to be the last Apostle of Allah and hasmade no provisions for a successor; therefore, upon his death anopportunistic member who knows about the good life the N01 providesits leader undoubtedly would strive to supply his own "brand of con-cocted religious teachings" to justify assuming leadership of the
Nation of Islam. _
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I. ROLE OF FBI
One at the FBl's many responsibilities is that of investigating
members oi "basic revolutionary organizations or groups" who are dangerous
or potentially dangerous to the internal security oi the United States.
Persons included under this responsibility are leading functionaries
and active, militant members of the Nation of Islam N01!, who because of
their fanatical antiwhite and anti-United States Government teachings and beliefs
would be potentially dangerous and likely to seize upon the opportunity presented
by a national emergency to endanger the public saiety and welfare.
Therefore, the FBI must determine the identities, whereabouts,
and activities of these individuals constituting a threat to the internal security,
and must develop sufficient information and evidence to sustain appropriate
action against such individuals or to control their movements and activities
in the event of a national emergency.
" 92
II. BACKGROUND OF N01
A previous monograph explained how the Nation of Islam
originated as one of many militant and cultist groups which had arisen in
the northern industrial cities of the United States following World War I.
Briey, the N01, known at various times as Allahs Temple of
Islam and the Muslim Cult of Islam, developed in Detroit, Michigan, out
of the teachings of one W. D. 1-ard. Fard was a door-to-door peddler in
the Negro neighborhoods of that city. To stimulate his sales, he told his
customers that his products came from their home country from which he
also had come. His rather mystic personality apparently entranced his
customers, and before long he was instructing small gatherings with tales
of their "true origin." In this way, the tenets of the cult were developed.
Little factual data was ever learned concerning Fard; and after May, 1933
when ordered by local authorities to leave Detroit, he dropped outofsight
and no trace of him has ever been found.
Following I-ard's disappearance, one of his followers, a Georgia-
born Negro named Elijah Poole, assumed leadership of the cult. Poole
6?Z§llZliU¬d that Fard had been Allah himself, had renamed him "Z:§.lija.h
Muhammad, the Messenger of Al1&h,"3iP-ii had ordereci him to coxiiinue
teaching "the lost-found black people in the wilderness of North America.
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Elijah was active in Detroit until late in 1934, when, because of
trouble with local authorities over the operation of the cult school, he moved
to Chicago. There, he established Temple No. 2, which became and remains
the national headquarters of the N01.
During the succeeding 30 years, Elijah Muhammad's teachings
aroused the interest of many persons who joined the N01. But E1ijah's
unorthodox approach and his demands for absolute control over the cult and
its members disenchanted many after only short periods of membership.
Still, the cult has a certain influence and a considerable following. There
are now 38 numbered temples or mosques, one of which is inactive, and 31
unnumbered groups in the United States. Most are centered in the Midwest
and the East, with a few groups in the South and a few in the Far West.
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THIS DOCUMENT IS LOANED TO YOU DY THE FUI
AND NEITHER IT NOR ITS CONTENTS ARE TO BE DISTRIBUTED OUTSIDE THE AGENCY TO WHICH LOANED
NATION OF
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UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE
JOHN EDGAR HOOVER. DIRECTOR
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MONOGRAPH DA
Title of monograph and date: "Nation of Islam," May, 1965
R. W. Smith
Mr. Tolson
To clarify the distorted
image of this organization
and to reveal its true
consequence.Monograph recommended by:
Monograph approved by:
Purpose of monograph:
Monograph is part of a series.
Monograph will have current value as a reference work after a lapse of -
six months or a year.
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III. SIGNIFICANCE OF N01
A. {Conditions in United States Affecting NOI
What conditions prevail in the United States which allow this
unusual organization its present-day appeal and notoriety? Why is the
N01 seemingly more important today than at any time in its history?
Prominent Negro scholars point to a new assertive mood,
frequently called"t'B1ack Nationalism, " rising among the Negroes in
this country. - But Negro leaders differ in their interpretation and use A
to be made of this mood. However, into whatever causes they channel
this mood, all recognize one common concept--the American Negro is
H a group with a heritage of suffering, taking action to force the white
majority to recognize and fulfill its legal rights.
We observe this new mood in the actions and activities of the
maiority of the nonviolent demonstrations, such as school integration,
ti boycotts, et cetera, of the major civil rights organ-voter registra on,
izations. The "Black Nationalism" of these civil rights organizations
is expressed in their dedication to the integration of Negroes within the
present framework of society.
However, despite avowals of nonviolence, there has been a
growing militant tone to the activities of the Negro rights movements.
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Public attention, therefore, has been increasingly focused on the most
unorthodox Negro organization--the NOI, or "Black Muslims, " whose
particular form of "Black Nationalism" expresses itself in open denunciation
of the white race and constant demands for complete separation from white
society. .
B. Changing NOI_ Tactics
During the 30 years that Elijah Muhammad has been absolute ruler
over the N01, changing conditions in the United States have noticeably altered
the emphasis he has placed on the various aspects of his teachings. This
change of emphasis has not reflected a change of policy but has been merely
a response to external pressures and realities.
For some time, Elijah faithfully followed the original teachings
of Fard, who preached that the black people ci North America were not
Negroes but were members of the lost tribe of Shabazz, stolen by white slave
traders from the Holy City of Mecca many years ago, and that he himself
had come to America to find and bring back to life his lost brethren, who
must learn that they were the original people and must regain their true
religion--Islam.
Elijahfurthered Fard's avowal that Christianity was a tool of the
white man formed for the sole purpose of keeping the original black man
enslaved, and that only through following the laws of Allah would the
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original people return to the Paradise from which they had been stolen.
Elijah indoctrinated his followers with the belief that the
United States Government was oi, by, and for the white man only, that
the black people did not belong to America but were citizens of Mecca,
and that, therefore, their allegiance belonged to the Muslim flag, which
would give them freedom. justice, and equality, not to the American
flag, which would bring them only slavery, injustice, and death.
By 1958, however, fearing possible Government prosecution,
Elijah ordered his ministers to temper their militant teachings.
Though not making any fundamental changes, he de- emphasized the
religious aspects of the cult and stressed the economic benefits to be
derived by those Negroes who joined the N01.
Daring this same period, the NOI constantly emphasized the
cu1t's efforts in the rehabilitation of Negro criminals, dope addicts,
and alcoholics, by publicizing those who had joined the N01 and had
bettered their position in society. The former leading spokesman oi
the cult, Malcolm X, who was assassinated in February, 1965, had been
instrumental in spreading the claim that the N01 had had phenomenal
success in rehabilitating these Negroes. Malcolm, who publicly acknowl-
edged that he had been a narcotics addict and a criminal before joining the
N01, was a dynamic and evangelistic type of speaker who impressed
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Still another change of N01 emphasis resulted from the steadily rising
influence of the present-day Negro civil rights movement This caused an
increase of open N01 denunciation of other Negro civil rights organizations
and the Negro Christian ministers who support them. Negro leaders of the
civil rights groups are called by the Muslims "the blind leading the blind" and
"puppets of the white slave masters." Negro Christian ministers are called
"parasites living on the blood oi their poor Black brothers, " "tools of the
white man, " and "educated Uncle Toms. "
An alliance between the N01 and the Ku Klux Klan KICK! now and then
has been rumored in the press. Again, a connection was reported following
the rally in New York City on February 16, 1965, when the deposed Malcolm X
charged that there was a conspiracy between these organizations that was "not
in the best interest of black people. " Malcolm's angry charge came just two
days after his home had been damaged by tire bombs which he claimed were
thrown on the orders of Elijah Muhammad. _
Malcolm's charge oi a conspiracy is not borne out by the facts. The
N01 and KKK are mutually antagonistic on the race issue. The only aim they
hold in common is complete separation of the races. Malcolm himself
unproductively negotiated with KKK leaders in January, 1961, for land where
the N01 could set up its own businesses, commerce, and government. On
another occasion several months later, the minister of the Atlanta Temple
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Klan leader. The N01 minister was merely an observer and took no part
in the rally, following which, he told newsmen he did not approve of the
Klan. Still later in 1961, Elijah Muhammad told a group of his followers
that a representative of the KKK had asked to come to an NOI meeting to
tell how they supported Elijah's work. Elijah said that "if they showed up
they would be carried out. "
Not all N01 hatred is vented on other extremists, civil rights
groups; and Christian ministers. The Communist Party and the Socialist
Workers Party"are similarly denounced and avoided.
Disident N01 members have reported that Elijah has denounced
communism on many occasions while speaking at temple meetings. Ilijah's
denunciations are echoed in the statements of his ministers. One N01
minister told his followers, "The N01 does not favor the communists and
will not have anything to do with communism. Muslims hate communists
worse than the white people hate the communists and Russia. Communism
is no good for anyone. "
Noncooperation with any group of white people is the Black Muslim
rule. The N01 prohibits its followers from participating in or lending support
to any organization or meeting which non-Muslim Negroes or white people
sponsor. For example, an N01 minister on the west coast had agreed to
Designated as subversive pursuant to Executive Order 10450.
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participate in a labor forum in May, 1964. When he learned that Clifton DeBerry,
the Socialist Workers Party candidate for President of the United States, also
was scheduled to speak at the forum, the minister asked N01 headquarters if
he might still take part. Denial was immediately forthcoming, and the minister
cancelled his appearance.
C. Communist Interest in N01__
The Communist Party, USA CPUSA!, while sympathetic to the N01,
has a current policy of advocating and supporting integration rather than
segregation of Negroes and whites in this country. Ironically, the CPUSA for
many years pursued an official policy of "self-determination, " or a separate
nation for American Negroes. In 1959, when the Party concluded that such a
segregationist policy was inimical to communist interest in the civil rights
movement, the Party changed its constitution. CPUSA spokesmen since that
time have condemned the N01 and the former N01 figure, the late Malcolm X,
as "ultrareactionary forces" among the Negro people, and once singled out
Malcolm X as an "opponent of the Negro people. "
However, the Party has recently moderated its attitude toward the
N01, and communist spokesmen now usually refer to the N01 program as being
somewhat "Utopian"and "divisive, " thus, not in keeping with communist doctrine
In this regard, the Party has stated that the N01 does not represent the large
majority of Negroes in this country, who seek equality within the context of an
integrated society.
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