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' The Hamilton Cdunty Coun-
cil of the Aineriesn Legion
loosed its first official blast
yesterday at the Rev. Maurine
McCracki.n West Bad minister
under attack for attending n
Iemlnar _at s'Tennessee school
rharged with Communistcon
Ieorx. -
Previously, elements In the
Legion rank: had taken pot
ots at Rev. Mr. Mcrackln.
I t. yesterdays bhst was-moreb sld . , , 1 road e
I e Legion also denounced
J es C. Paradise, president of
the Cincinnati Chapter of the
American Civil Liberties Union,
and the Rev. Luther Tucker,
pastor of the Indian Hill Epis-
topal-Presbyterian Church, asll nnrfm-a f hm! F Ila-,e.:p,..,..-.- o. ...... ..... All-92..-kCrackin. - ' ' - '
1 In a statement signed by Nell
;WetLerman, the Legion coun-
cils Hamilton County Amer-
-icanism chairman, Paradise and
Rev. Mr. Tucker were charged
with "distorting facts" in a
public meeting on chargesiagainst Rev. Mr. McCrac '
January 16 at St. John: Uni-
tarian Church, Clifton.
As lor Rev. Mr. M00:-nchin,
htrnselt, me Legion: epolte-er.-_en'decls.red it opposes Ind _wlll
continue en oppose" hls presen-
tation 0! his beliefs to youth.
The Legion described Mr
M sckin's beliefs to fit. John: Church meeting. 4'
IIIII. » - . . - i .- __ = - '92. -.e v. ~t f _ r ._ ... _ ., ._ _: -_ »_ * ~ a - . , ..
or refusing to pay income taxes I
In recent months criticism of
hos stemmed from his at
tendance last Labor Day at e
mtnar held at the Highlander
Folk School Monteagle, Tenn
Several Communist connection
charms have hem hurled at the
school!
Wettermazfs statement
charged PllI&d.l5E and Rev Mr
cker made II.l|bl1¢ false in
formation about a government
witness in s Federal Com
:nu.msm case sgamst Myles
Horton director of the High
lander school
Wettermon laid Rev Mr
Tucker had circulated letters
ststmg the government witness
was discharged bv the Federal.
Bureau of Investigation, sndi
that the ease against Horton
had been dropped because of
_pez-lured testimony by thewitness. _- ' - - - - -
Thin ls I deliberate lIl1tl'Il1,
made without lbllilnlll,
In addition to being an lmproperi
use ot the FBI: name," Wetter-'
mm laid. _ I ' '
The Legion spokesman ssldfParadise gave out the same in-*
formation in the January 16-
Wettermen said the LegionCouncil "has pieced n full re-I
port of this matter in the
hands of FBI Director J. EdgarHoover. e ' ' . ' -
He added that the lUegion's92
stand on Rev. Mr. McCrackim
and his supporters has been en-I
orsed unanimously by men:-_MI
. H .|I:Tu ' .'é
I the F1:-st Dis bio
kAmv ,_
I
W1 men to the best interests -T
om-no try." ,' .:-
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CINCINNATI ENQUIFER
Cincinnati, Ohio
rnta =_[g0g5i
Pit GE
EDITION Morning Fin:
ALL INFORMATION CONTAINED
HEREIN SUHOLASSITIED
DATE a» CBY P
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Director, FBI cezszisi-1!. OF ' 1 Q; 9" °*"" 2/21/5.-3.» I *_, *_._ __ _, , _ _ _ -a . -' ~- » '4 '_ . I. ' 7- .~_f"->_ 3- ._ §_ - . ,_ .- _,. 1 _ ,A ' D ' '-9' a 1 > _ _ .=1<;v+ .-1*». - ' .92 _ .- 92. .- 92
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w=,m=i4HIGm;P§_;,§;K" ,;;;m;OL _e ALL INFORMATION coNTAm}.jo_ 92 »--~--- ER lN|S SNC IFIED ~ a.ifmoxgznnn onxcm! , BATE 01- 4LABS$1Ei§% '3
Reference is made to Philadelphia letter dated_l2/27/57,--
captioned as above. _ _., * _- ~ . _ .
- - _- »- -
For the ice :
advised
were publication Q
captioned "Highlander Folk School" printed and distributed
by the Georgia Commission on Education 220 A ricultureBuilding, 19 Hunter st., Atlanta 3, Ga. advised he did
not know to whom this publication was being distributed, but
believed that it Iould be mailed to those individuals who
are in local and State politics, as well as those throughout
the United States.po1itica11y inclined on a national level.
He advised he did not know if former Special Agents of ' .
the FBI had received copies of this publication unsolicited
in the nail. " ' » *~*. '.v7' * *-~ ~ :
On 10/2/57
identia Confiden
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Enclosed herewih for the Bnreau and Hei York are copies of
this publication entitled The Highlander Folk School .
A copy of this letter is furnished to New York for information
purposes only, as well as to Philadelphia and Knoxville, Origin.
:1 n this case.
RUC 6
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HEREIN |s UNCl_ASSIFIED h. ._._. _- __ -----Z--7 *.,-V- - -~r_t'::*_? __ _ ___ ______,___ _'
92i H1,"-.,.-_ .c..-.: .-_March 24,1958 X '
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2
,1Y '° /I%ih-J '-Y?:;/ 1'" " ' Nashville,5,Tenn.__ -_-/_,A ' .'_ CAMPBELL CHAPTER D. A. R. '
NASHVILLE. TINNEIIII ~s- .
; Mr. FE Edgar Hoover, '
Washington, D. C.
llyDear S ; "
The members of Campbell Chapter,
Daughte of the imerican Revo1ution,one
hundre }strong,wish to call your attention
to thé~i5h1ander:g_§ghgo1 1ocated.in M2pnt
eag1e,Tennessee'and urge you to take stehe" -
to revoke it's charter. we are not familiar
with the necessary technical procedure for
such an act but have confidence in your
knowledge and ability.
we feel that this schoo1,though
accomplishing some good,is influencing the
mountain people of that area toward Commun-
istic ideals.
we do not want such a school any» i
where but certainly not in Tennessee.
We would like for you to know we
stand firmly back of you in all such efforts-a
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Dear..' _ .'
T__ _ _ . F . ;--' ".1: -_ . _. '. .. 5. 5." - --- .. T 7- .a i Your letterlciated amt 24.11958, has been received, n
and I appreciate the interest which prompted your eomunieatioa. '_
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I IUUIU III-U U U]-ll: UHF I-Ill loll Tl-ll ID Ia fact-gathering agency ans does not make evaluations or A _-
draw conclusions as to the character or integrity of any _ ,_
individual or organization. also, the revocation of the '
eharter_oi_'.the school- you nentioned is not agpatterttrithin.the Jurisdiction oi the FBI but is a responsibilitglgof -_
officials of the State of Tennessee." In vieI.oi' I coanaents--
in your letter, you nay desire to discuss thils nattg-_r withappropriate state ofi'_icia1a._'~¢ . . . .o _- CL: ' ' if; Y
In the event you secure additional..data IE-_ich youbelieve to be oi interest to this Bureau, young desire tocommunicate directly with the S ecial Agent in arge of ourMemphis Office located atL11_0-igtterick uilding, Iemphis 3,-
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, Tennessee, are
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- uh __ _'lbe above is furnished for your information
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'_ Correspondent desires to~¬all the Bureau's I _
- attention to the Highlander Folk School. She feels the'i
school is influencing the people of that area toward _ .
gmmgniitic ideals.d Shetstateskshehis got fami%ia§ with e ec nlca proce ure 0 revo e t e c arter 0 t e -
school but has confidence in the Director's knowledge and =
ability. She also states that she and the organization. she representgp stand firmly back of an .
' - H.-_.'_:;_ A-I-r--' .._.. _ .The High1nnder~Eo1knSchool is suppoitéd grimarilyby donations from individuals and labor unions in orm of ;"é3%l}§2§%¥°in2li-?- *2?2-"}§°i°1§3% 3-}; °§ "¬§2' -f§° " 'c a _ an za n socia economandbthe general figliiog %abo¥'§guca§iog. It has hag CF i 1 mem ers on ts sta an as o owe t e pract ce o - =
welcoming communists as students. -It has never offered - 5.' - courses of instruction in communism, nor hg%[the CP ever '_sncceeded in Eaining control of the school. ne to itsinterracial c aracter, it has been the subj£:Q of numerouspast a%leg?tig:5 thatTit represen; th§1head?uartrs for &comnun sm n ~ stern ennessee. e a egat ons ave nevci . been substantiated?i1ql;25ll;%10!.,_i;_Jt .---;;s.. i ' -~ ~12 a-.1:.n»r'---»-1* .1 ' 'H 7511- 99$ i 'i
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Hon. J. Edgar Hoover,
Director,
Federal Bureau of Investigation,
United States Department of Justice,
Washington, D. C.
Dear Mr. Hoover.
The enclosure will explain
itself.
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see it, i.e., if you have not already re-
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Tele. Roomi_
Mr. Hollomani.
Miss GanALL INFORW-92T!0N CONTAINED 1- " ° 1 ~ ~
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Page s! referred for consultation U0 the following government agencyliesl; ¥.
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Your letter at June 13, 1958, with enclosure, '
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Dear Sir 4 Z 1'5,' M- e,- _. I H. -. , " 1_ . ', ' ..:' _ -~ __. ..- '_ . _ * '- - 1 _,
You Find inclosed Some Paper. there a 1ot'of.ta1k jabout this School Some of the Doctors and Preacherhere are going down there making.ta1ks 1 think it -ought to be look in to. it the only School of itKind in Tenessie theg Say and Preacher From other-States are telling a out it over the Radio Ark. -Texas and other States. Saying Tenessie has a.communist School I dont Know any thing about i£..,You can tell more when you read this paper?
Yours Truly. - * -~~. _ ,-_-»i.¥¢-*-,»;;
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The information contained in this publi-
cation wvas presented under oath by Doctor
J. B. Matthews at a public hearing of the
Florida Legislation Investigation Committee,
on Monday, February 10, 1958 at the State
Capitol, in Tallahassee, Florida.
The Florida Legislation Investigation Com-
mittee is a legislative investigating committee
authorized under the Florida law to compel
the attendance of witnesses and their testi-
mony under oath.
Georgia Commission on Education
19 Hunter Street, S. W.
220 Agriculture Building
Atlanta 3, Georgia
introduction
In the pages which follow, certain propositions will
emerge from the evidence submitted. For the most
part, original Communist sources have been cited in
order to let the Communists speak for themselves. It
should be clear that-
I! The Communists are at work, with their custom-
ary fanatical dedication, in stirring up trouble in the
field of public school integration in the South;
2! The Communists have been at work for some
thirty years in the field of agitation among Negroes;
3! The Communists have organized and promoted a
succession of united fronts and fronts designed espe-
cially for winning Negroes to Communism;
4! The tactics of Communist agitation among Ne-
groes are greatly altered from time to time, but the
basic objective of violent revolution remains un-
changed;
5! Whatever the line of the Communist Party on
the Negro question may be at a given moment, it is
based upon the so-called Marxist-Leninist analysis and
is dictated by Moscow in the special interests of the
Soviet Union; A
6! There is a vast Communist literature on the
subject of Communism and the American Negro;
7! One of the announced goals of the Communist
program is the confiscation without compensation of
the ro erty of the white capitalists and landowners inP P
the South;
B! The Communists favor racial amalgamation and
assert that a Communist revolution would speed up
the process;
9! The Communists have established friendly con-
tacts with the Negro ieaders of most of the recent in-
tegration incidents in the South;
10! The Communists rely chiey upon the support
which they are able to command from misguided South-
ern liberals;
ll! This is an era in Communist strategy when the
Party has reverted to the united front policy which
prevailed immediately prior to and during World War
I1;
12! Communist leaders have asserted that "Negro
liberation is their Number One issue on the domestic
front.
5
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1E1l;' I.i -:».:';;--:.1 -.Communists, Negroes, and Integration
The Communist Party has long been expert at the
business of fishing in troubled waters-the more
troubled. the more to its liking.
The Communist Party is at it again today; and, rm-
iortunately, the Keep Off" signs have been taken
down by order of the U. S. Supreme Court, in its deci-
sions of June l7, I957, affecting the Communist con-
spiracy.
If any issue in our society today may be properly
characterized as troubled waters, it is unquestionably
the issue raised by the Supreme Court's desegregation
order of May 17, 1954. And there is no hazard in
_ " " 5 that these waters will be troubled for a long
time to come.
The situation is one which the Communists have
welcomed eagerly. It offers them an almost unparall-
eled opportunity to exploit, for their own ulterior and
revolutionary purposes. the inevitable social turbulence
resulting from the Supreme Courts order for public
school integration. Violent agitation is the meat on
".l~i:?: Ocrnmunism feeds.
The Bait: Negro liberation
tilt bait on the Communist hook is Negro libera-
tion. a phrase which has been reiterated by Communist
iced-.-:, with such frequency over the years that it has
be-some a cliche. It matters not that liberation at the
liaads of Communists is demonstrably a cruel euphem-
ism for a slavery worse than that from which Lin-
c-1-.Pns Emancipation Proclamation freed the Negroes.
The Cominunists still approach the Negro people of
the United States with the promise of liberation dang-
ling from their hook.
As long ago as 1928, the Communist Party of the
United States published a pamphlet written by John
Pepper, the representative of the Communist Interna-
tional in the United States, in which Pepper said: "The
Communists mus! participate in all national liberation
.-.*:;"."c.'.'2t:'.'.'t.;' of the Negroes which have a real mass
character." American Negro Problems, p. 14; em-
phasis in original!
In n Lt-namunist pamphlet entitled "The Road to Ne-
L ration," published in 1934, Hany Haywood
"*' " Party leadership in the Negro liberation
movement." p. 62!
in 1937, the Communist Party issued a pamphlet
entitle-:l "The Road to Liberation for the Negro Peo-
ple." by Abner W. Berry and others.
Ten years later, in 1947, Negro Communist leader
Benjamin J. Davis published his pamphlet entitled "The
Path of Negro Liberation," in which he wrote:
Consequently the Negro people are moving in
the direction of some form of statehood in the Black
60
Belt. This would mean an adjustment or rectification
of the lines demarltmg 12 stata through -.-.-men runs
the Black Belt area where the Negro people are in
a majority. p. 19, 20!
In 1948, Negro Communist leader Harry Haywood
published a book entitled Negro Liberation.
That Negro liberation" has priority on the Com-
munist Partys agenda today is confirmed by the fore-
most Negro Communist leader in the United States.
Writing in Political Affairs, the theoretical magazine
of the Communist Party, U.S.A., which lays down the
Party line, Benjamin J. Davis declares:
The struggle for Negro rightsparticuIar1y in the
deep South-is the single most crucial and decisive
issue in the United States today . . . The massive
significance of the national liberation stnl les of theNegro and colonial people, here and abroagci envelops
this work with additional importance. p. 13!
Negro Republic in the Black Belt
The Communist slogan of Negro Liberation" is
simply a watered-down version of the Party's original
slogan of A Negro Republic in the Black Belt." The
propaganda which the Communist Party conducted on
the basis of the latter slogan fell at in its appeal to
Negroes and only served to show how far the Kretnlins
agents are removed from the realities of the American
scene.
In October, 1930, the Communist International
adopted a resolution on the Negro Question in the
United States." It was published in the United States
by Workers Library Publishers, the publishing adjunct
of the Communist Party, in a pamphlet entitled The
Communist Position on the Negro Question.
On the subject of an independent Negro republic in
the Black Belt, the Comintern took the position that
as long as capitalism rules in the United States the
Communists cannot come out against governmental
separation of the Negro zone from the United States."
p. 51! But, in the event of the establishment of a
Soviet government in the whole United States, Com-
munist Negroes would come out against "separation of
the Negro Republic from federation with the United
States. wmle unconditionally giving "the Negro popu-Iation of the Black Belt freedom of choice even on this
question. p. 50-51!
The Cominterns resolution held that there was a
prospective sharpening of the national conflicts in the
South. with the advance of the national revolutionary
Negro movement," and that in such a situation the
Communist Party must "stand up with all strength and
courage for the struggle to win independence and for
the establishment of a Negro republic in the Black
nut" p. st-52>
1
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_ . .. -. 1 .|William Z. Foster points out that the PFOETWII OI "18
Communist International declares for!
The recognition of the right of all l1_80_IIl5, il'l'=e
sptclive oi race, to complete self-determination, that
is, self-determination inclusive of the right to State
separation. Toward Soviet America, p. 304!
Foster then applies this principle of self-determina-
lion and State separation or secesSi0El fI'Om 3113 Ullilid
States! to the Negro population in the Black Belt, in
the following statement:
Accordingly, the right of self-determination
apply to Negroes in the American Soviet system. In
VH0 oi.-qiled Black Belt of the South, where the
Negi-oes are in the majority, they will have the_fullest
right to govern themselves and also such white mi-
rioiities as may live in the section. ibid, p. 304!
Confiscation
The program of the Communist Party calls for the
r.nnti<i:aiiori of the property of the white people in the
so-ciiiled Black Belt. According to William Z. Foster,
iiing iii his hook entitled Toward Soviet Ameriwi
In a. Soviet system, the Negro will have the most
,1 n -_-_i:;.Tlt;economically, politically, social-
ly . . . He will have ample land, confiscated from
-i _- crest white landlords . . . Socialism will mean
ii.e iiist real freedom for the Negro. He is beginning
:t- r-:.il=ze this, hence his mass turning to the Com-
-~ party for leadership, and the consequent
1. ilariri of the capitalists and big landowners at
ti, ., g_92iu,'lllg unity of white and black toilers. p
GM
c I, no doubt about the Communist program of
~.»92nf l;t.1-Zli. But, after 40 years of Communist agi-
tallOll, there is no evidence of the mass turning of
Negroes to the Communist Pai-tya fact which Wil-
llafll L. Foster knows very well now. and which 11¢
knew very well when he wrote about it.
Coinirioiiist Aim: Racial Amalgamation
iii their irzinker moments, Communist leaders in the
" ' =1. =:~ liave stated bluntly that one of then'_ aims
i '~l-iout racial amalgamation. Thus, Williarn
' 2, mi" nre-sent head of the Communist ?arty _1
*92lllt'li.;..l. declared in his book entitled Toward Soviet
,-tiit¢ri'ca:
the American Soviet will, of_course, Bb°1i5h an
;i__ _;,_-;ioris upon racial intermarriage . . ._ The revo-
;_i;;t-._~, will only hasten this process of mtegranon,j_;'r_92_i!' proceeding throughout the world with in-
creasing tempo. p. 305-306!
Krern|in'5 Guidance and Control
~ 1 T Foster is frank in asserting that Lemll
,i 't' of the Communist Party: line 011
8_i___ KT-u-i1;-_-__ I_ L1_ ;__I_ 'I"L_ lI-__-IBIIHUULI IIILIUBB lF5lUUI- LU I115 DUUK, INC IYCETU
People in America History, published in 1954, Foster
writes:
The American Communist Party got its eventual
scientific understanding of the Negro question in
the United States from the writings and personal
counsel of Lenin. This was one of the'many basic
services to the American labor movement rendered
by the Communist International, but it was not to be
realized until 1929. p. 454! ___'a_4_'__
It has already been shown that the representative of
the Communist International, John Pepper, dictated the
line of the American Communists on the so-called
Negro question.
On Penetrating Non-Communist Organizations
In addition to building their own Party-controlled
organizations, the Communist Party has from the be-
ginning pursued a policy of sending its members into
non-Communist organizations. Their own word for this
type of activity is penetration. The Communist ob-
jectives in penetrating other groups are varied. Ln some
instances, the goal of penetration is outright control.
In_other instances. the objective is to disseminate and
gain support for the views of the Party apparatus out-
side the immediate circle of Communists or, in other
words, to win fellow travelers on specific issues. In
yet other and rarer cases, the aim of penetration is to
destroy the organization which is penetrated.
At times, the Communist Party directives have frank-
ly_ set forth the tactics of penetration, without the
slightest attempt at secrecy and subtlety. Thus, a re-
port to the Plenum of the Communist Party in 1935
records some successes in penetration.
this report were published in the Parry
March, 1935, under the title of How to Penetrate the
Negro Organizations. The first excerpt gives an illu-
minating example of the tactics of Communist penetra-
tion. It reads as follows:Excerpts from
Organizer of
We have some excellent experiences in New York.
In Queens we have been able. just on one issue, and
maybe this is the secret of it, to get together over 60
various organizations of the Negro people on the
question of discrimination in the hospital in Queens.
W6 have the Alpha Benevolent Association, the
American League Against War and Fascism, the
Amity Baptist Church, Arrawat Democratic Club,
Bayside City League, N.A.A.C.P., etc., about 70 or-
g&I11Z3l.lOS that have come together and conducted
I 8ll'l.Iggle_ in Queens for the right of Negroes in the
hosiptals m the City of New York. p. 20!
The tactic of concentrating on "one issue" in order
:I1mP1¢l:l:1te_npn;Clomrtiiunist Negro organizations wasall-IHIGI niuiiraieu in uie second excerpt of the report
9
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:QM _ -to the Plenum of the Communist Party. In this in-
stance, the "one issue" was a forthcoming conference
on unemployment in Washington, D. C., a conference
engineered and controlled by the Communist Party.
With respect to this example of successful penetration
of non-Communist Negro organizations, the Plenum
rprnnrl eni.rl'._,..... .......
These experiences have shown us that it was pos-
sible to get this united front by simply taking up
one section, one issue, one grievance of the Negro
people and developing a struggle around it. In this
case we can see that if we properly approach these
organizations there is a possibility of getting into
the Negro organizations for a united front. We have
12...; in ilaricrn an the preparations for the unemploy-
ed conference at Washington, a conference of 29
organizations, different organizations than we have
had heretofore, into a conference at Abyssinia Bap-
tist Church, the N.A.A.C.P., church organizations,
etc. Comrade [Herbert] Benjamin spoke there, and
we elected delegates to the congress at Washington.
We had also the followers of Father Divine, the
Negro God. p. 20!
{Again and again, the Communist Party has success-
:'aii_*,' penetr:-tied the Abyssinian Baptist Church, of
which Representative Adam Clayton Powell was and
the pastor.!
Still another example of the use of the tactic of
one issue was the united front which the Communist
Party organized around the Italian war against Ethi-
opia. In an article entitled The United Front on
Ethiopia," published in the Parry Organizer of July,
1935; James W. Ford wrote as follows:
This time we organized a broad united front on
the issue of the struggle for the defense of the
Ethiopian people, which ultimately involved at least
60 Negro organizations. p. 16! -
In this campaign of penetration, the Communist Party
again had the use of Congressman Powell's Abyssinian
Baptist Church.
Wrote James W. Ford in the Party Organizer:
The first action was on May 7 935! in Harlem
at the Abyssinian Church. There were 3,000 Negroes
_..-_....nt, -tl92.l._,t ui vtnum were not Communists. There
the Communists spoke from the same platform as
these other people. p. 17!
ln the work of penetrating non-Communist organi-
zations, the Communists went prepared for any even-
tuality. According to Ford, the Communist Party 011
one occasion sent a number of the followers of Marcus
Garvey, whose organization the Party had penctrld»
to a meeting of the Party's Italian Workers Center
where our comrades discussed the Abyssinian qua
IO-_,_i
1
i
i
l.tion. Ford added that these Negro Garveyites "were
so afraid of their reception at the Italian Gilmmunist
center} that they went there armed with knives. p
17! The precautionary arming was, of coune, wholly
unnecessary; they were received most l305pil.8bly- From
this particular affair, Ford chew the following can-rlncinrt '-.-.,..--_. _
It is along these lines that we must work among
the Negroes, patiently overcoming their suspicions
and hesitations.
This experience in Harlem opens up a perspectiveof wider actions not only in Harlem, but throughout
the country. Committees on Ethiopia should be set
up on a nation-wide scale. p. I7!
lf ever two movements possessed antithetical ideol-
ogre-5. they were the Communist Party and Father Di-
vines group. Notwithstanding this sharp clash of basic
views. the Communist Party successfully penetrated
the ranks of Father Divines movement. On this sub-
ject, James W. Ford made the following comment:
Another question that is bothering a number of
comrades in New Yorlr is the Father Divine move-ment in connection with the united front . . . the
comrades in Harlem have taken very seriously the
question which was raised at the last plenum~of go-
i lift! flag r-.l-|nrr92|1 nt-n-uni-yntinna Iqbinn 8-la.-.A..§ -» vu---.--a 92aAaI-uQ.|l.l-Ii-l6l92lllD, I-lll92lI,.l5 J.llC1l92.lB
with these people. Through our united front with
Father Divine we have been able to effect the pene-
tration of a mass organization of the Negro people.
A_ very important fact to remember in connection
with the Father Divine movement is the fact that the
followers of_ Father Divine are workers, toiling
P601116; that is why we are attempting to penetrate
into this movement.
The united front with the Father Divine movement
has been made on the basis of certain concrete is-
sues. p. IT, 18!
For more than_ 20 years, the Communist Party haspursued this tactic of penetration of non-Communist
°FB_3m1al10I1S and groups. With the current dwindling°f {I5 m°mb°1'$h1P, the Party is pursuing the tactic more?55 _i ° 51Y than ever. Recently, it has applied thecllc on a broad scale among scientists on the issue ofradioactive fall-out. It hopes to reap vast gains on the$116 Of integration in the_publi_c schools of the South.nglullilclglégsts vipasure tpfir gains 111 terms of social- erever ey are permitted, u willpenetrate non-Communist groups which favor Iederal$¥Bl'92:nt|on by force in the field_of_ integration, hoping_ °F° Y *0 Increase turmoil and incite to violence. The
Indispensable pre-conditions of Communist revolution-
"Y sentiment are chaos and violence.
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' _.<-- _*; !'- ... .-._:.>..,.-"92-_; Ht t..._--- -» .7'153? g '92_-:-,._{,,- H.The Communist Party cared little or nothing about
racial discrimination in the Queens hospital, about the
fate of the Scottsboro boys or Julius and Ethel Rosen-
berg, about the Italian war against Ethiopia, or about
the unemployed; it cares much about fishing in trou-
bled waters. Only so can it serve its Kremlin master.
Negro College Presidents
The Communist-from apparatus has gained support,
in one degree or another, among 60 percent of Negro
college and and university presidents. The following
heads of Negro institutions oi higher learning were
affiliated with the National Negro Congress:
Rufus B. Atwood, Kentucky State College, Frank-
fort, Ky.
John M. Ellison, Virginia Union University, Rich-
mond, Va.
David D. Jones, Bennett College, Greensboro, N. C.
R. OHara Lanier, Texas Southern University, Hous-
ton, Texas.
Frederick D. Patterson, Tuskegee Institute, Tuske-
gee, Ala.
Jacob L. Reddix. Jackson State College, Jackson, Miss.
The following were affiliated with the now defunct
Southern Conference for Human Welfare:
Rufus H. Atwood, Kentucky State College, Frank-
fort. Ky.
92.-*."illia.'n l-I. Bell, Alcorn A. 8: M. College, Alcom, Miss.
Horace Mann Bond, Lincoln University, Pa.
R'=.fu< F.. Clement, Atlanta University, Atlanta, Ga.
Albert W. Dent, Dillard University, New Orleans, La.
Edgar H. Goold, St. Augustine's College, Raleigh,
N. C.
Arthur Howe, Hampton Institute, Hampton, Va.
Charles S. Johnson, Fisk University, Nashville, Tenn.
Mordecai Johnson, Howard University, Washington,
D. C.
David D. Jones, Bennett College, Greensboro, N. C.
J. R. E. Lee, Florida A. & M. University, Tallahas-
see, Fla.
Benjamin E. Mays, Morehouse College, Atlanta, Ga.
Frederick D. Patterson, Tuskegee Institute, Tuske-
gee, Ala. '
E. C. Peters, Paine College, Augusta, Ga.
James E. Shepard, North Carolina College, Durham.
N. C.
H. C. Trenholm, Alabama State College for Negroes.
Montgomery, Ala.
John Brown Watson, Arkansas State A. 8: M. and
Normal College, Pine Bluff, Ark.
M. F. Whittaker, South Carolina State College, Or-
angeburg, S. C.
The following have been affiliated with the currently
functioning Southern Conference Educational Flmdi
Rufus B. Atwood, Kentucky State College, Frank-
fort, Ky.
I21 _ _
William Augustus Bell, Miles College, Birmingham;
Ala. ' _
Miller W. Boyd, Mornstown College, Morrtstown.
Tenn.
James P. Brawley, Clark College, Atlnl-8. Gl-
Rufus E. Clement, Atlanta University, Atlanta, Ga.
Tandy W. Coggs, Arkansas Baptist College. Little
Rock, Ark. _
James A. Colston, Knoxville College, Knoxville, Tenn.
John W. Davis, West Virginia State College, Isiillll.
Kl? J-s
Albert Dent, Dillard University, New Orleans, La.
John M. Ellison, Virginia Union University, Rich-
mond, Va. _ _M. LaFayette Harris, Philander Smith College. Llllll
Rock. Ark.
Charles S. Johnson, Fisk University, Nashville, Tenn.
Mordecai W. Johnson, Howard University, Washing-
ton, D. C.
Bggjamin E. Mays, Morehouse College, Atlanta, Ga.
Richard I. McKinney, Storer College, I-Iarpers Ferry.
W. Va. -
Frederick D. Patterson, Tuskegee Institute. T115 -
gee, Ala.
E. C. Peters, Paine College, Augusta, Ga.
Hollis F. Price, Lelvloyne College, Memphis, Tenn.
0. R. Reuben, Morris College School of Religlon
Sumter, S. C.
Joseph I. Rhoads, Bishop College, Marshall, Texas.William R. Strassner, Shaw University, _Rale_1gh. N- C-
There is no implication in the foregomg listings that
any of these heads of Negro institutions are Commu-
nists. They represent, however, a high degree o£_ Com-munist penetration into the ranks of the administra-
tors of Negro education. _Forty-five diiferent heads of Negro l1lStillll0l!lS of
higher learning have had a total of 291 separate at-
fiiiations with the Communist-front apparatus. It i3
apparent that the Communists have established a size-
able beachhead in Negro education.
Many of these affiliations mean that Communists or
pro-Communists have made personal contact _with the
top administrators of Negro education. That 1:. one of
the aims of the Communist-front technique. And. of
course, the Communists acquire a certain amount of
prestige for their projects.
If the so-called Negro masses were as susceptible to
Communist-tron: propaganda as the wced Negro
intellectuals, the situation would be alarming. In his
condensation of Gunnar Myrdals An American Di-
lemma, Arnold Rose makes the following observation:
Still the Communists have not succeeded in get-
einn .-nu -.-.-u-...-It-.1-tlrs inllniirinq urvennn Xi'an-|-no: in92lLl5 nu q'l,lrn92,92,,lu|.r|92, ;va|92Jvvlub luvnla i-92-b .-w- -
America, especially among the masses. During the
depression and again since the war, at number of
. r?_J;-f~""?+ :"_-.. 135* l 1 P-s , _ '-..-I
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.._..._leaders and intellectuals have become Communists
or fellow travelers." . . . To begin with, poor, un.
educated, and socially disadvantages groups havenever been particularly susceptible to radical prpa-
ganda. It is usually the intellectuals and high"
strata of the working class that have been reached
first. The Negro in America, p. 166!
National Council of Churches Penetrlted
Remembering James W. Fords statement about the
Communist Partys policy of going into the ghul-ch
organizations," some statistical data with respect to
this question are enlightening.
The Communist Party has been strikingly successful
in its efforts at infiltrating the Federal and the Na-
tional Council of the Churches of Christ in the U_S,_A_
during the past 20-odd years.
In view of the fact that the philosophical baggs if
Communism and Christianity are as antithetical as two
philosophies could possibly be, the success of the Com-
munists in penetrating the ranks of the Protestant
clergy is hard for some to understand. Nevertheless,
the cold statistical facts are a matter of pnblie rem,-d_
It is not necessary to rely upon anybody's opinions,The National Council of Churches was officially
constituted on November 29, I950, in Cleveland, Ohio.
It was. in fact. nothing more than a reorganization of
the Federal Council of Churches.
in the formal constituting of the National Council
of Churches in Cleveland, one representative from each
of the participating communions signed the official
book which became the Document of Record. Eleven
of these 29 signers of the official book have public
records of affiliation with pro-Communist enterprises.
Their names and respective denominations are as
follows:
Bishop S. L. GreeneA!ri'cari Methodist Episcopal
Bishop W. J. Walls-African Methodist Episcopal Zion
Dr. E. H. PrudenAmeri'can Bapisr Convention
Dr. Desmond W. Bittinger-Church of the Brethren
Bishop Bertram W. DoyleCOI0red Methodist Epis-
copal
Dr. Vere V. LoperC0ngregati'orial Christian
Rev. Josef A. 'BartonCzech Moravian
Bishop I. Ralph Magee-Methodist
Dr. W. H. JernaginNat|'0riaI Baptist Convention
USA, Inc.
Rt. Rev. Henry Knox SherrillPr0te.itanr Episcopal
Dr. Henry A. VruwinkReforrried Church in America
It be noted that 4 of me ll signers of the
pocuineni of RecordGreene, Walls, Doyle, and
.lernaginwere representatives of all-Negro denomina-
tions. This is ii disproportionately large number of
Negro clergyman. Whatever the reasons may be, it is
a fact that Negro professional groups have been more
I4>
susceptible to Communist penetration than their Wllil
GOU11I¢l'-p.l1I- .There were 358 clergymen who were voting dele-gates to the constituting convention of "the National
Council of Churches in Cleveland. Of these clergyiznen.
123 or 34 percent! have had affiliauons with Oom-munist projects and enterprises. That represents a high
f t t'on.dell"rli:seo12geli:itriiig delegates were divided as follows:
84 white and 39 Negroes. The total number of theirpublic pro-Communist affiliations is 659, of which 359
are affiliations of the white clergymen and_3O0 are
affiliations _ of the Negro elergyinen. Agam, thesefigures indicate a disproportionately la_rge_number ofNegro clergyman with Communist affiliations, and a
higher degree of susceptibility to the appeals of Com-munist causes. The average number of affiliations for
the Negro delegates is 7.7, while that of the whites
is 4.2.
The greater Oommunist penetration of the higher
ranks of Negro church dignitaries is evidenced by the
fact that57 percent of the total number of currently
active Negro bishops of four Protestant denominations
have records of affiliation with Communist-front or-
ganibations and enterprises. The following Negro
bishops fall into this category:
African Methodist Episcopal Church-
George W. Barber, Philadelphia, Pa.
Frank Madison Reid, Kittrell, N. C.
Joseph Gomez, Cleveland, 0.
Frederick D. Jordan, Hollywood, Calif.
R. R. Wright, Ir., Philadelphia, Pa.
Carey A. Gibbs, Birmingham, Ala.
D. Ward Nichols, Jacksonville, Fla.
Sherman L. Greene, Atlanta, Ga.
African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church-
William Jacob Walls, Chicago, Ill.
Raymond Luther Jones, Salisbury, N. C.
Hampton Thomas Medford, Washington, D. C.
Herbert Bell Shaw, Wilmington, N. C.
Stephen Gill Spottswood, Washington, D. C.
Charles Ewbank Tucker, Louisville, Ky.
Charles Cecil Coleman, Oklahoma City, Okla.
Christian Methodist Episcopal Church-
.l. A. Hamlett, Kansas City, Kan.
W. Y. Bell, South Boston, Va.
F. L. Lewis, Shreveport, La.
Bertram W. Doyle, Nashville, Tenn.
A. W. Womack, Indianapolis, Ind.
B. Julian Smith, Chicago, lll.
Methodist Church
I. W. E. Bowen, Atlanta, Ga.
Matthew W. Clair, Ir., St. Louis, Mo.
Edgar A. Lowe, Baltimore, Md.
15
Eight of the above-named, currently active, Negro
bishops are officially connected with the Southern Con-
ference Educational Fund. They arec Bishop S. I__
Greene, Bishop F. 1.. Lewis, Bishop Edgar A. Lov=_
Bishop Herbert Bell Shaw, Bishop Stephen Gill Spons-
wood, Bishop Charles Ewbank Tucker, Bishop Chm-1;,
Cecil Coleman, and Bishop Frank Madison Rem
The aim of the Communist penetration of non-Com-
munist organizations is not necessarily to recruit mem-
bers of the Party, but rather to create a favor-ab];
climate of opinion for certain limited Objectives of the
Communist program. ln this way, the stain of Com-
munism is removed from these objectives, and thus
they appear to be the objectives of men of goodwill,
Highlander Folk School Seminar
Over the Labor Day weekend August 30-Septem-
ber 2, 1957!, Highlander Folk School, at Monteagle,
lemiessee, staged its 25th anniversary seminar on the
human aspects of the integration struggle. Notorious
Communists. veteran Communist fellow travelers, and
riegro ieaders in all the recent major incidents attending
integration were present at the seminar The incident
of Little Rock had not yet occurred.!
Before taking up the records of the prominent inte-
grationists who were present, it is necessary to take a
look at the Highlander Folk School and its ideological
orientation.
The liiglitaridei Folk School at Monteagle, Tennes-
see, was organized around 1932 by Myles Horton and
Don West. Sec testimony of Paul Crouch, May 6,
i949, Subcommittee of the Committee on Un-American
Activities, page 193.! In his testimony, Mr. Crouch
said: l would like to mention in this connection that
the Highlander Folk School at Monteagle, Tennessee,
was :1 school organized by Myles Horton and Don West.
and which'Mr. James! Domhrowski shortly thereafter
joined."
Paul Crouch, who gave the foregoing testimony con-
cerning the Highlander Folk School, was the top Oom-
munist Party functionary in the South. His Communist
record given to a Senate committee by Crouch himself
attests his importance:
The major positions l held in the Communist
Party were the head of the Communist Partys de-
partment for inltration of the Armed Forces of the
United States, a representative of the Communist
Party of the United Statm to the executive committee
.-.' 1.. C....i..ni.nIst international in Moscow, a mem-
ber of a commission in Moscow to draft plans to
inltrate and subvert all the armed forces of the
world, and operate as honorary regimental comman-
der of the Red Army, a special student at the Frunr:
Military Academy in ivioscow; I was 1 member of the
editorial stn of the Daily Worker, oicial organ of
16I
I
I
I
I
l___'___
i -
the Communist Party, a member of the various com-
missions of the central and national committee of
on party, State or district organizer for Florida, for
Utah, for North and South Carolina, and Tennessee,
editor of the Communist magazine, The New South,
the olcial organ for the Southern States, member of
the district bureau of the Communist Party for Ala-
bama, Mississippi, and Georgia, and chairman of
the control commission of the Communist Party for
that area, a member of the district bureau of the
Communist Party for Caiifornia, for Nevada, and
Hawaii, national secretary of the Anti Imperialist
League, and many other minor positions.
Speaking of James Dombrowski, Mr. Crouch testified
as follows: I have met officially with him on a number
of occasions as head of the Communist District Bureau
of Tennessee . . . at this conference Mr. Dombrowski
gave me the impression of being completely pro-Com-
munist and anxious to collaborate with the Communist
Party and follow its leadership, without taking the risk
of actual Party membership."
In March 1954, the Senate Subcommittee on Internal
Security held hearings in New Orleans on the subject
of the Southern Conference Educational Fund, Inc., of
which James Dombrowski was and is the executive
director. Among the witnesses who testified before
the Senate Subcommittee on Internal Security in New
Orleans was one John Butler who had formerly been a
lunctionary of the Communist Party in Alabama.
ln the course of his testimony, Mr. Butler stated that
he attended a meeting of Communist Party leaders in
luly of i942, in the Thomas Jeerson Hotel in Birming-
ham, Alabama. Mr. Butler stated that Alton Lawrence
introduced James Dombrowski to him on that occasion
as a Communist Party member. See Senate Subcom-
mittee on Internal Security Hearings, March 18, 1954.
page 45.! According to Mr. Butler, this meeting of
Communist Party leaders was held in Dombrowski's
own hotel room. In November, 1956, Alton Lawrence
was indicted on a charge of conspiring to le a false
non-Communist aidavit with the National Labor Re-
lations Board, which non-Communist aldavit is re-
quired of trade union oiciais by me Taft-Hartley Act.
See New York Times, November 17, 1956.! Alton
Lawrence is currently an olcial of the Communist-
controlled International Union of Mine, Mill and Smel-
ler Workers.
In the early period of the Highlander Folk
School, Alton Lawrence was a member of its faculty.
On August 13, 1938, Mr. John P. Frey, president of
the Metal Trades Department of the AFL, testied
belore the Dies Committee on Un-American Activities,
and named Elizabeth I-Iawes, Alton Lawrence. and
iviyies Horton an persons who attended a secret con-
vention in North Carolina, at which time plans were
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tmade for u readin the revolution 'out the Soiiih." Mi Frey further tgggittion with this I might mention that the Highlander Folk
School at Monteagle, Tennessee, was mixed u in mg,secret convention, in which these three CLO? organ-
izers took at very prominent part." See Dies Com.mitiee Hearings, Volume 1, page 126.!
Paul Crouch testied before the Senate Subcommit-tcc on Internal Security, as follows: The HighlanderFolk School is a school operated at Monteagle, Tennes-
see, ostensibly as an independent labor school but
actually working in close cooperation with the Com-
munist Party", See Hearings Page 47-! Dombrowski' - '92L-l instructor at the Highlander Folk School for ;
number of years.
The following colloquy took place between Senator
Eastland. Committee Counsel Areas, and Mr. Crouch
during the latters testimony:
SEl92_1_92TOR EASTLAND. Mr. Crouch, did you
ever visit Dr. Dombrowskis home?
E MR. CROUCH. I visited the Highlander Folk
School where he was working. I didn't visit at his
home, b_ut we spent a night at the same home io-
s_-=l1-=-. uarohue Stevenson's and he and Leo Sheingr
discussed in my presence the actual hideout of Com-
rriuiizsi leaders the night we were traveling to Winter
Haven.
MR. ARENS. He and Sheiner discussed in your
Pmiicnce the hideouts for Communist leaders, top
flig-lit leaders; is that correct?l;l_!Rj CROUCH. That is correct, sir. See hearings,
p. ...
Don West. who has already been mentioned as con-
nest-.d with the Highlander Folk School, was district
director of the Communist Party of North Carolina.
$ce House Committee Hearings, May 6, I949, page
I91.!
At the Ne-W Orleans hearings of the Senate Commit-
tee, on March 20, I954, Myles Horton was ejected
by the United States Marshal from the witness stand
and the hearing room, for disorderly conduct.
-i!l'lE> Dombrowski's record of pro-Communist ac-
.. . .l.r.1Ei and connections will be discussed under the sec-
.. ..~-; Southern Conference Educational Fund, an
or-ganizaiion which is playing a key role in the drive
tor integration in the South.
Abner W. Berry
The presence of a prominent Communist Party Negro
leader at the Highlander Folk School seminar is of
l'I13j lf signicance. Through Abner W. Berry, the Com-
munist Party established personal contacts with the
flour?-2:: leaders of the ght for integration. The Party.
11> H 1"-'~-cc:-day strategy, lets the highest value on
I85;;-1; personal contacts. It in thectirrent ctntegy of
pmettltiotl. _Abner W. Berry is a veteran Communist Party leader.
More than 25 years ago, he was a member of the na-
acaal couch of me League ot Struggle ior Negro
Rights, a Communist sputnik which will be discussed
later. For 20 years, Berry has been a member of the
national committee of the Communist Party. He has
also been a member of the smaller central committee of
the Party Daily Worker, May 23, 1938, p. S!. In
1946, he was educational director of the Communist
Party oi Michigan Daily Worker, Jan. 21, I946, p. 5!.
He was an instructor at the Communist Partys Jefferson
School of Social Science for several years before the
school closed in December, 1956.
Abner W. Berry is, and has been for years, a feature
writer for the Daily Worker. In this newspaper of the
Communist Party, Berry made a lengthy report on his
visit to the Highlander Folk School. In his report,
Berry said:
Here for iour days Negro and white leaders of the
South representing millions of southerners, had the
precious communications established with each other
that had been disconnected during the past few years.
Daily Worker, Sept. 10, 1957, p. 5!
Berry has been a writer for other Commtmist publi-
cations: Masses dz Mainstream, Michigan Herald, New
Moises, People's Daily World, and Political Aairs. He
served for a number of years on the editorial board of
Political Aairs, the theoretical organ of the Communist
Party.
It is apparent that Abner W. Berry is a high ranking
leader of the Communist Party. It goes without saying
that the Party sent him to the Highlander Folk School
seminar. Such leaders receive their assignments from
the highest command of the Communist Party; they do
not go anywhere on their own. The cordial reception
which Berry was accorded at the Highlander Folk.
School is convincing evidence of the school's ideological
orientation.
Berry states that two southern NAACP branch
presidents attended the Highlander Folk School semi-
nar on integration."
Pete Seeger
Anoiiier individual who has a long record of Com-
munist alfiliations and activity was also a prominent
participant in the Labor Day weekend conference at
the l-lighlander Folk School, namely, Pete Seeger.
Pete Seeger is a nationally known folk singer who
has been prominently identied with the Communist
movement in this country for many years. He has been
amed as a member of the Communist Party in sworn
testimony.
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R;On August 18, 1955, Pete Seeger was a witness before
the house Committee on Un-American Activities. Tm;and time again, Seeger deantly refused to answer quq.
tions concerning his past or present membership in theCommunist Party. He also declined to answer any
questions concerning his ailiations with Hume,-om
Communist-front organizations. He did not invoke 11;
Fifth Amendment; he simply and contemptuously N.
fused to answer pertinent questions. He was mm,
panicd by Paul L. Ross as counsel. Ross has also been
prominent in Communist activity for many yeai-,i,_ sq,
pages 2448-2460 of the Hearings, 1955.!
Among his many Communist connections, Pele Sceger
has been publicly affiliated with the following Commun.
ist organizations and enterprises which are on the At.
torney Generals list: American Committee for Pro-
tection of Foreign Born; American Committee for
Yugoslav Relief; American Youth Congress; A1113]-iggn
I. .7.-i Democracy; Civil Rights Congress; Com.
mittee for a Democratic Far Eastern Policy; cmmitlgg
for the Negro in the Arts; Communist Party; Council on
African Aairs; Jefferson School of Social Science;
National Council of the Arts, Sciences and Professions;
Nature Friends of America; New Masses; Voice ol
Freedom Committee; and Win-the-Peace Conference,
Sceger entertained with his guitar and folk songs at
- la lit-c'i1ict1iij¬f Folk School seminar.
it-hri R Thompson
The Rev. John B. Thompson was billed as seminar
. 1:-r" at the Highlander Folk School Labor Day
v-cesend aair. Thompson is dean of the Rockefeller
..lenio-rial Chapel at the University of Chicago.
; V- clergyman have better claims to qualication as
-. .ri Communist fellow travelers than John B.
ii..=v.-psori. He has served the Communist apparatus
long and faithfully in many capacities.
i'i= vtpson was national chairman of the American
P3220 Mobilization Daily Worker, Sept. 3, 1940, p. 4!
and lli1tl0[l3l chairman of the Committee to Defend
America by Keeping Out of War letterhead, Aug. 10.
i9-tut. These were organizations set up by the Com-
ll.li.ifll.~!5 during the period of the Stalin-Hitler Pact. On
T; ., .1.; =i.ii Hitler invaded the Soviet Union, the
Ar:ic:ic.iri Peace Mobilization dropped its anti-war
,~,:.iii-ti and changed its name to the American People's
11- '.:'l't with John B. Thompson still at its head.
, Fr any before a committee set up by the lllinois
. i. .;ti-mire in 1949, John B. Thompson tried to
s.._~. [nut the American Peace Mobilization was merely 1
l'ttii'3Cll0il of the general anti-war sentiment prevailing
i-1 U1. Lnited States in 1939, 1940, and 1941. Such ti
.:i.< i. I. either dishonest or incredibly stupid. The bone
2"-Re anti-war sentiment of the American people pre-
-.nTeti right up until the day of Pearl Harbor. The
20l
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I
IPhony anti-war stand of the APM and the Communists
Vail ; right up until June 22, 1941, when Hitler at-fth the Soviet Union. The bona de AmericanPeace advocates were ready to go to war only when the
tgniied States was attacked; the phony APM and Corn-
mulllSl Peace advocates were ready and eager to go
io war when their beloved Soviet Union was attacked.
The former were America Firsters; the latter were Rus-
sia Firsters. p _ _Ten weelm before Hitler's invasion of the _Soviet
Union, the APM, under Thompsons chairmanship, de-
clared: This is not a war to wipe out the evils of
l-litlerism and tyranny . . . It is a war to line the
pockets of corporate interests at the expense of the
peoples of the World. _
in one of its official statements in March, 1941, the
APM said: An English victory will result in the same
sort of imperialist, anti-democratic peace as will a
Nazi victory."From 1940 to 1942, John B. Thompson was head of
the Southern Conference for Human Welfare, a Com-
munist organization which will be discussed later.
Among the many other Communist organizations with
which Thompson has been affiliated, the following are
on the Attorney Generals list: American Committee
for Protection of Foreign Born; International Labor
Defense; Emergency Peace Mobilization; National
Council of American-Soviet Friendship; National Coun-
cil of the Arts, Sciences and Professions; and Peoples
Institute of Applied Religion.
Aubrey Williams
Aubrey Williams and the Rev. Martin Luther King
were the two featured speakers at the closing session
of the I-lighlander Folk School seminar.
As president of the highly inuential Southern Con-
lerence Educational Fund, Aubrey Williams ranks
among top leaders of all-out integration.
Williams was director of the National Youth Admin-
istration under President Roosevelt. He also held other
high positions in the New Deal. In 194$, however, the
U. S. Senate rejected his appointment as administrator
of the Rural Electrication Administration, after his
affiliations with the Communist apparatus had been
placed in the record. He is at present editor and pub-
lisher of the Southern Farm and Home, Montgomery,
Alabama, which has a circulation of 800,000.
On March 19, 1954, Williams was subpoenaed to
testify before the Senate Internal Security Subcommit-
tee. ln the course of his examination by committee
counsel Richard Arens, Williams testied that the fol-
lowing passage was a part of a speech which he had
delivered in Madison Square Garden, New York City.
On September 11, 1947, under the auspices of the Com-
munist-controlled Progressive Citizens of America:
21
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til .i;;;__.:fWhat they demand ts that any man who ndmjtg 5being a member of the Communist Party b¢ 5;-¢¢| gm,mediately on the grounds that no man can be loyalto the United Stetm and be a &mmunist. it is my
belief that it is precisely at this point that we tat;
our stand and defend the right of any Communist to
maintain his position as an employee of the Govern-ment of the United States. To take any less pcsiggthan this is to throw overboard such pritnary |-ighu
as the freedom to think and to hold whatever beliefs
one chooses. Hearings, p. 107; emphasis added!
Anyone holding Aubrey Williams views on the em.
ployment of admitted Communist Party members in the
U. S. Government could be expected to welcome me aiaof Communist Party members in the drive for integn.
tron.
According to Abner W. Berrys account of the High.lander Folk School seminar in the Daily Worker Sept.
l0, 1957, p. 5! Aubrey Williams spoke prophetically"
when he declared that the present situation in the South
"is only a short step to general violence and that tbs stuff out of which rebellions are made is denitely
being planted. In the later years of its existence, Aubrey William:
was president of the Southern Conference for Human
Welfare.
The name of Aubrey Williams was attached to I
briei amiet curiae on behalf of the Communist Party,
at the October 1955 Term of the U. S. Supreme Court.
Other red-hot integrationists whose names appear on
this defense of the Communist Party include the fol-
lowing: John M. Coe, James A. Dombrowski, W. E. B.
DuBois, James W. Ford, W. A. Hunton, and William
L. Patterson.
Aubrey Williams is, and has been for many years, a
member of the executive committee of the Highlander
Folk School.
It would be superuous to add further details of the
many Communist ailiations of Aubrey Williams.
Martin Luther King
The Rev. Martin Luther King, president of the
Montgomery Ala! Improvement Association and pas-
tor of the Dexter Avenue Baptist Church, delivered the
closing address at the Highlander Folk School seminar.
King is the nationally acclaimed Negro leader of the
iniogzatiun forces in the South. I-Ie is scheduled as one
~ '** fr. :3 ..,....ltcrs at the forthcoming assembly of
the National Council of Churches of Christ in the
U. S. A., in December.
It is of great signicance that King is in close touch
with such Communists and pro-Communists as were
assembled at the Highlander Folk School seminar. The
Communists would like nothing better than to take him
under their wing.
Q ILn
O1" ' ' Luding Communism have been writing enthusias-
|1 about King's movement. In th April. 1957, 188116: apgli':ical Aairs, Benjamin I. Davis writes of the
E053: upsurge oi the Negroes in the &uth, spear-
mdcd by the non-violent integration movement. p.
13! lo his new book entitled Toward Negro Freedom,
mg ¢ditor of Political Aairs, Herbert Aptheker, writes
oi King's bus boycott in Montgomery. Alabama. as f0|~
lows!
And in Montgomery, Alabama, there is the epic
5,,-uggle of the entire 50.000 members of its blegro
oornmunity . . . Here, with women tn the lead, ts the
unparalleled and unbreakable splendor of an entire
neonle sneaking out to the world in tones of purity
indlself-sacrice and saying: We will live in free-
dom, in our own day and here in our own city."
p. 180!
Such rbeioric is calculated to ingratiate the Com-
munists with the Rev. Martin Luther King and his large
following. The art of attery is the current tactic of
Communist penetration. The tactical crudities of the
Party's early years have given way to subtle renements
in penetrating Negro organizations and movements. The
Communist Party, however, does not repudiate its
former methods which breathed revolutionary re and
brirnstone. Writing in Political Aairs, James E. Jack-
son one of the top Negro leaders of the Communist
Party! says:
It has for three decades been the honorable sic!
task of Communists to set a high standard of devo-
tion to and energetic leadership in the ght for Negro
lights. Recognizing the special national character of
this question, we have raised our voices among the
workers when others stood mute. Resolution pre-
seated to the teat National Convention of the
CPUSA by James E. Jackson, chairman of the Sub-
committee on Negro Rights; Political Aairs, March,
1957, P. 34! .
Jackson thus fondly embraces the Communist Pa-rtys
record in the African Blood Brotherhood, the American
Negro Labor Congress, the League of Struggle for Ne-
gro Rights, the National Negro Congress, and other
misadventures in its efforts to kindle revolutionary ardor
among American Negroes.
Now, the Fay looks upon Martin Luther King's
work and movement as a new opportunity to incite
racial animosity, and upon Kings attendance at the
Highlander Folk School seminar as a most desirable
OOBIACL
In its present adulation of Martin Luther King and
his kind of "liberation" movement, the Communist
Party still bows reverently at the altar of Marxist-
Leninist Theory. James E. Jackson. quoted above on
23
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! ' ' r . ' '- '_-iii. . _- ""..-_ _-_---, _. , ah ,1, ban.-issue-s...92~.-.i.~,,,-h 1-I-I5 It it is 5?! ' ,~--ir at-r,t . ,.-_- .f ' "3:- 7 ~..._ J "_ "T" "- -- _"""{ '~-"~_- * ,__-.- .'-of-j.--~¢ " '
-5,,-5,, -,,q'm.- _':i#_§e3'%t14i-_e§ti-r-s;.-_;-i;-...-- . . ,._._-,;_;_ ,'.__;._;-;,_ *"the subject of the Party's past, turns to the Comrnuniq
Partys present and writes:
As the advance guard of the American wor class, the Communist Party continue to maittliiis
contributions to the ght for Negro rigl-its, undq. the
changed conditions of today. as effectively, as hm.orably, as it did in previous periods of struggle. Th;
ght for Negro rights needs the contribution which
Communists, guided by Marxist-Leninist ti-ieon-_ -1-.in a position to make. p. 34! "' _'
On February 2i, 1956, after the bus boyooii in
Montgomery had run for 11 weeks, the Negro leader;
of the boycott were arrested and charged with violation
of Alabama's anti-boycott statute. The Rev, M513,
Luther King was among those arrested. On March 21.
he was found guilty and ned $500. The case is on
appeal.
It is interesting to note that the proponents of public
school integration in the South make a great to-do about
the U. S. Supreme Courfs decision of May 17, 1954,
by claiming with unparalleled vehemenee that 31¢ 5;.
cision is the law of the land." On the other hand, they
ignore with complete unanimity the U. S. Supreme
Courts decision of 1908 declaring the organized boy-.-92.-nt AT ml-Us T92nn'l-urn uuflmwr 0.-92 I-n_ 2- "1..l...eI-... _l.' .l.-92.-uu us u.i92- I-IlllJ92|ll!' anal-Lola Lu us |.u vluieiuuu U1 tn:
Sherman Anti-Trust Act, the principle of which de-
cisior: is reected in Aiabamas anti-boycott llamlc,
Mrs. Rosa Perks
It goes almost without saying that Mrs. Rosa Parks
was in attendance at the Highlander Folk School semi-
Raf.
It was Mrs. Parks who started the Montgomery bus
boycott. On December 1, 1955, when she refused to
sit in a seat in the rear of a bus, she was arrested and
ned $14. 'Si'ior'l.iy prior to her dramatic deance of
the segregation ordinance, Mrs. Parks had taken a
course at Highlander Folk School.
Mrs. Parks promptly became a heroine to the Com-
munists. The Emergency Civil Liberties Committee, |
Communist front, arranged meetings for her in New
York City, including one at the home of Mr. and Mrs.
Corliss Lamont.
Charles G. Gomillion
Charles G. Gomillion, dean of Tuskegee lnstitule in
Alabama, was one of the prominent participants in til!
.2: Day conference at the Highlander Folk School.
As president of the Tuskegee Civic Association. G0-
million received a considerable amount of publicity in
the nation's press in the summer of 1957, in connection
with his leadership of a Negro boycott: against the
white merchants of the town of Tuskegee. This was 0116
of the recent militant activities of Southern Negroes. On
August 15, 1957, an injunction was issued against the
HAif!l
l
I
lwyeon on the ground that it was ti violation of Ala-
bam8s anti-boycott statute. New York Times, Aug.
I1, 1957! _ '
t3omi}h'ons organized boycott began _on June 26.mgr a mass meeting of the Tuskegee Ciiiic Association
in protest against the Alabama legislature s proposed Tc-vision of Tuskegee's city limits. Gornillion did not even
dlege that the white merchants were in any way respon-
sible for the initiation of the revision. _
Dean Gomiiiion's pro-Communist connectiom havebeen signicant. In testimony before the House Com-
mjiiee on Un-American Activities on July 21, 1947, he
was identied as a current member and secretary of the
gdvjsory board of the Southern Negro Youth Congress.
in outright Communist orgamation see below!-_in a press release dated April 21, 1947, Gomillion
was listed as a signer of a manifesto of Negro leaders
against the outlawing of the Communist Party. The
manifesto was released from 23 West 26th Street, New
York City. which is now the national headquarters of
the Communist Party, and which, in I947, was head-
quarters of a dozen Communist organizations including
the American Committee for Protection of Foreign
Born. Co-signers of the manifesto included such Com-
munist stalwarts as Paul Robeson, W. E. B. DUBOE.
Benjamin i. Davis, and Doitey A. Wilkerson. The sign-
ers called upon the President and Congress to_ repudi-
ate decisively the fascist-like proposal . . . to i_llegali_z.e
the Communist Party, and declared: We will resist
with all our power every step taken in that direction."
The Worker, Communist Party Sunday newspaper. of
August 29, 1948, carried a full-page advertisement of an
enterprise called The First Line of Defense. It was
another manifesto in defense of the Communist Party.
opening with the following words addressed to the Presi-
dent and the Attorney General: We. the undersigned
Negro Americans, strongly condemn your hysteria-
breeding arrests of the Negro leaders of the Communist
Party, and call upon you to take positive action to pro-
tect civil rights instead of persecuting political minori-
ties." This manifesto, too, was signed by Charles G.
Gomillion. Co-signers included the following notorious
Communist Party leaders of the Negro race: Louis E.
Biirnham, Ernest Thompson, Abner W. Berry one of
the participants in the Highlander Folk School confer-
ence!, Iames W. Ford, Harry Haywood, W. A. I-lunton,
Richard B. Ivioore, S. C. Fatterson, and Doiey Wilker-
son.
Gomillion sponsored a testimonial dinner for W. E.
B. DuBois whose services to the Communist cause have
been enormous. The dinner was given at Essex House.
New York City, on February 23-, 1951. Prominent
Communists who co-sponsored this DuBois testimonial
dinner included the following: Herbert Apthelter, Mrs.
Louise Barman, Howard Fast, Frederick V. Field, Ben
OK
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terson, Melba Phillips, Jose h Sell , I-IMr. and Mrs. Alfred K. Sterria who i~'ecenil:llleIdsl::h.il:i-1'
the Iron Curtain to esca ind tm ts f -and Gene Weltsh. pa C an °' °'P'° ¥3=
Charles G. Gomillion is a me b f thdirectors of the Southern ConferetIi.ceel£.dJucati'::n:1Oa[r=d atan organization whose ideological orientation tqwul
Communism wiH be discussed late;
Gomillion and his Tuskegee Civic Association an
part of an interlocking apparatus which includes tb¢Highlander Folk School and the Southem Conference
Educational Fund.
In his 1956 presidential re ort to th T It " -Association, Dean Gomillionpstated thtft ailsoifeg
meetings in February, 1956, a speaker discLl§$ed nthrole of the Highlander Folk School, and the search for
an eective social action program. He also stated that
one of the major roles of the Tuskegee Civic Association
was cooperation with the Highlander Folk School inthe eort to develop effective personal and group lggh.
niques for facilitating racial desegregation.
In view of the fact that Gomillion and his TCA had
been cooperating with the Highlander Folk School for
at least a year and a half, it may be presumed that ht;
illegal boycott of the white merchants of Tuskegee was
one of the group techniques worked out by fhe two
Organizations. Furthermore, it may be assumed thatGoin.illion's close association with the Communist ap-
paratus, as set forth above, was some kind of pfgpal-3-
tion for his adoption of the militant boycott technique.
The manager of Tuskegees largest depanmettt stun
was quoted in the New York Times, as follows; The
blegro leaders picked the wrong target. The merchantsdidrit have anything to do with Senator Engelhardfs
bill. I think they realize that the boycott is unfair.
Weve worked closely with the Negroes on charity i;l_ri92_resand whet: they asked for credit we extended it without
Q"°$11<>I1- It 15. of course. standard Communist tactics
to exacerbate existing tensions and to create t-aeial 311-if;where none had existedl
Fred B. Roulli
The Southern Regional Council was represented at
the Highlander Folk School seminar in the person of
Fred B. Routh. Mr. Routh bears the title of assistant
director of the Southern Regional Council.
The Southern Regional Council, recipient of a grant
of $245,000 from the Fund for the Republic, is one of
the most inuential organizations of whites and Negroes
in the South. It has been penetrated by the Communist-
front apparatus.
The following directors of the Southern Regional
Ciicil have l92H'n aliatcd with Communist organiza-
tions:
26~-.- ~_...---2" ' "
v i..;-:1 -"
92-
fu, B, Atwood, president of Kentucky State College:1-lsilsford R. Brazeal, professor at Morehouse College
Rufus E. Clement, president_of_ Ul11V¢_1'81lY_ gI M_ Ellison, president of Virginia Union Ilmversity
Charles G. Gomillion, dean of Tuskegee lnaittttte _Charles S. Johnson, late president of Fisk UniversityR O'Hara Lanier, president of Texas Southern Uni-
versily _ IBenjamin E. Mays, president of Morehouse College
yacob L, Reddix, president of Jackson State College
t-1_ C. Trenholm, president of Alabama State College
[or Negrws '
A1] of the foregoing directors of the Southern Re-
tinal Council are Negroes and all are connected withe,-gm institutions of higher learning.
Others Present _ _The Rev. David I-1. Brooks, Protestant Episcopal high
thatch clergyman Negro!, was a speaker at the High-lander Folk School seminar. He was a leader of the
Tallahassee bus boycott which occurred during the last
seven months of 1956. _The Daily Worker, July 1, 1952, carried a front-page
story about a petition drawn up by the noted pro-Com-munist, W. E. B. Duliois, urging President Truman toadopt a policy of withdrawal of military forces and
installations by the U. s. and all other 5°-'=m§==="1$
from all foreign territory where their presenee"is notauthorized by agreement of all the !Ila]O1' powers. Such
a policy would, of course, be a Communist booby trap.
Of the alleged 160 Negro signers of_this DuB<_ns petlll.the names of only four were given m the Daily Worker;
and one of the four was the name of the Rev. David H.
Brooks.
Allen Meswain Negro! was it speaker who repre-
sented the Clinton, Tennessee, school incident.
Bernice Robinson, also a speaker at the Highlander
Folk School seminar, discussed the Johns Island, 301131
Carolina, integration incident.
Conrad Browne white! came to the seminar from
Koinonia Farm, an interracial colony near Americtls.
Georgia. This interracial community has been an m-
citement to prolonged violence. _ _Ralph Helstein, president of the United Packing
House Workers of America, AFL-C10, was also 8
speaker. This union has been heavily inltrated by
known Communists.
it Succession of Spuiniits for Negroes
One of the top leaders of the Communist Interna-
tional, Otto Kuusinen, said in a speech before the ex-
ecutive committee of the C.I. that it was the rst busi-
ness of the Communists to launch satellite organizations0
and committees. In The Communist of May, 1931,
Kuusinen was quoted on these satellitt-=8 of the Com-
munist Party, as follows:
27
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sI£.t- -.-92The rst par! of our task is to build up not myCommunist organizations, but other organ,-'zw° Jwell, above all mass organizations sympan. . Eour aims and able to aid us for special pui-pqqg
We must create a whole solar svsterrt of 9,-......-_-.§_' '
and smaller committees !'0tll'ld;!fl8 Corlimll5hl;iL;wMso to speak, smaller organizations working rm.under the influence of our Party not under nucharutycal leadership!. p. 409-423; gmphasis in Uri . J
The satellite or spntriiik organizations which the C0111rnunist Party in the United States has launched Q 'cially for Negroes are far too numerous to name 1111:;
them. Brief sketches of the principal ,;-Pum,']¢_, in mg
categury wlni bowel/31', $B1'V¬ l0 llllllfllllli-IE8 [he aim; andtactics of the American Communist Party wim respect
to the Negroes of the United States,
A partial list of the Communist spurniks for Negmq
follows:
African Rlood Brotherhood
Alabama Peoples Educational AssociationCitizens Emergency Conference for Interracial UnityCommittee for Equal Justice for Mrs. Recy Taylor
League of Struggle for Negro Rights
Negro Labor Victory Committee
Southern Negro Youth Congress
United Negro and Allied Veterans of America
Abolish Peonage Committee
American Negro Labor Congress
American Negro Labor Council
Committee to Defend Angelo I-Ierndon
Committee for the Negro in the ;92__-1_s
Committee to Aid the Fighting South
Frederick Douglass Educational Center
Mztrtinsville Seven Committee
National Negro Congress
Negro Peoples Committee to Aid Spanish Democracy
Southern Conference for Human Welfare
Southern Conference Educational Fund
Of these, only the Southern Conference Educational
Fund lS still tn existence.
Arriean Blood Brotherhood
_ The African Blood Brotherhood was the rst rpuinik
in the Communist Party's system of satellites. It was
penetrated and captured, not originally launched, by the
Communists.
Joseph Zack K.-ornfeder, then a leading member of
the Communist Party, has told the following story of
the penetration and capture of the African Blood Broth-
-uiiJU92.l .
. . . the Communist Party amongt me
Negroes here in the United States started about 1921,
and were prompted by a letter lent to the American
PIItybyNl.k0lliLGnln...Vlell,1c,,ofgou1~|g,1he id '1 ore a letter from Nikolai Lenin . . .{",,',,,l,', °:,,,, 'li,;g;ntmi¢-r member of the onion Com-
mjgmg _ . _ Well, when I looked around I found that
mi-¢ was simply no Negro membcrshipin the Com-
riimst Part . . . I mew from the Socialist Party that$¢re were iome Negroes in Harlem in 8 bfnch Of
the Socialist Party Whih was 1°$l1! N°B'°°-it 8"though there were also whites in the same branch. and
I looked up one of them and he advised me to see an
individual by the name of Cyril Briggs. _W=1l- Ibolted up this individual, and he was the editor of aapcr called The Crusader, which was the oicial£1-gen of a Negro organimtion called the African
giood Brotherhood. Well, I put in quite an etfort on
il-ii; fellow Briggs, to see whether I could work him
over ideologically, and as lgot acquainted with nirn,
I noticed that he was having his nancial trot-lbl
publishing the paper. I didn't tell him that I repre-
sented the Communist Party, of course. I .]USl posed
as a liberal uncle, who had his sympathies on the
Negro side, and was willing to help Whet_iever
he ran into some trouble about paying the printer.
well, I always obliged with a few hundred dollars.
This way I became friends with this Briggs and I
worked him over ideologically, and the cant of the
=0-92III*r92'1 1-1-tenant-1 And nf r-nnren "in dun time I OQ1 Uuturu uuuu vu. viiuuu, we wv-.--is-, -1 --- n--- QJ 5at some of his friends who were on the Board of
Directors, and, well, it took only about a year before
the controlling inuence in that organization upon
top was exerted through me, and they pretty nearly
would do, although they weren't yet in the party, what
I wanted them to do. Well, and later on I signed him
up into the Communist Party as a member. So that
was the rst Negro organization that the party got
hold of ideologically, at least1ater on organiza-
tionally. That's how the thing started. Subversion in
Racial Unrest, Baton Rouge, La., March 6-9, 1957,
p. 37!
Cyril Briggs went on to become one of the most
prominent Negro leaders in the history of the Com-
munist Party in the United States.
American Negro Labor Congress
The American Negro Labor Congress was organized
in Chicago in October, 1925. It was a Communist
united front maneuver and the successor to the African
Blood Brotherhood.
In his book entitled The Negro People in American
History, William Z. Foster writes concerning the ANLC
as follows:
The American Negro Labor Congress was organ-
imd in Cmcago in November 1925, mainly upon the
initiative of the Communists . . . The leader of the
movement was Lovett F011-Whiteman, and its journal
was The Champion. Outstanding Communist Negro
workers in it were James W. Ford, I-I 1-];Maude White, and many others .was eventually conned mainly
p. 460!
Lovett Fort-Whiteman was a student at the Lenin
School in Moscow, an institution at which foreign Com.
munists were taught the theory and tactics of props.
garida, agitation, and espionage. Fort-Whiteman wasalso an American delegate to the Sixth World Congress
of the Communist International in 1928. International
Press Correspondence, July 25, 1928, p. 708!
Foster says that the ANLC was handicapped by M.
tarianismby writing too left a program for the
masses." Foster also maintains that the ANLC encoun.
tered strong opposition from the National Assoeia.
tion for the Advancement of Colored People and the
National Urban League.
On the eve of the organization of the ANLC, Lovett
Fort-Whiteman announced, with pride and obviously
gross exaggeration, that--
Each day, everyone promoting the American Negro
labor Congress notes a growing uneasiness in the
ruling class of this country in contemplation of the
coming American Negro Labor Congress. Daily
Worker, October 7, 1925, p. 3!
The Communist Internatioal a mere euphemism for
the Kremlin! kept a watchful eye on the American Com-
munist Party and all the little sputniks revolving around
ii. The American Negro Labor Congress, insignicant
.-.=-. it us, did not escape the attention of the Musovite
bosses of the American Communists.
H = I'? ';l..lll0X1 of October 26, 1928, three years after
the launching of the sputnik known as the ANLC, the
CF_}TlF'1l1l'llSi International said:
The American Negro Labor Congress continues to
exist only nominally. Every eort should be made to
strengthen this organization as a medium through
it-titer. we can extend the work of the Party among
the Negro masses and mobilize the Negro workers
under our leadership. The Communist Position on
tin i92'e-gr-o Question. p. 59!
The directives of the Communist International for
the American Communist Party were supervised and
enforced on the scene by a personal representative of
the Communist International. In 1928, one of these
agents of the Comintern in the United States was John
Pepper. Benjamin Gitlow identies Pepper in the fol-
lowing words:
A commander of the Hungarian Red Army in
I 1. *2, he had ed to Russia after the overthrow of the
. .. .41]. Soviet Republic and along with Bela Kun
became an important functionary of the Comintiim.
30
trunn-92
his e had been Josef Pogmy; bl! @811"523::-?;i as 11:!: Pepper. I Confess, p. 136! .
111 titl d A erican Negro Problenm';f,,;,ga§Pw:i1r:]is Ltibrarymhiblishers in 1928, Johngippcr wrote concerning the ANLC, as follows:
Am ' an Ne o Labor Congress which is stillver1!ih:tg3k,erl:'l1Sl begieorganized and &¢tiViZt=d- T1":
Communists working within this organization should
U-y to make it serve as an intermediary mass organ-
izmgon, as a medium through which the Party can
extend its work among the Negro masses and mobilize
the Negro workers under its leadership. ¢mPhi5i5
in original; p. 15!
When the sputnik named American Negro LaborCqngrgss petered out, it was brought down and B WW
one was launched. I _ _ _ _James W. Ford, twice vice-presidential candidate on
the Communist Party ticket, records that thc frank
unpreijgious position of the American Negro LaborCongress was one of the reasons for its failure. In his
book The Neg;-0 and the Democratic Front, published
in 1938, Ford_ wrote:
I recall particularly the strict and unyielding Hill-
tude taken by the leaders _ol the AlJ1B1'l°_9-11 Neg !
Labor Congress toward religion._ This att1ti.92¢1¢ P"vented the Congress from becoming a mass inuenceamong church people. At an A. N. L. C. meeting in
Chicago, 1926, composed of a large nuuibcr _of 1'8-
Iigigus people, a leader of the organization lI_1_ll1¢
course of his remarks, said: To hell with religion;
damn the church." p. 82!
Ford then told how the Communist Party changed
its tactics and made dupes of church organizations and
religious people:
But today in the National Negro Congress church
organizations and religious people work co-operilvell
with non-church people. Our Negro Communists are
lraterriizing with church people in order to o1'g_&ml8
them in the struggle for Negro liberation. 11111, P-
82-83! _
Ford's meaning is crystal clear:_ the Communistsadopted a policy of tactical silence with respect _to their
basic contempt for, and hostility toward, religion and
the churchesa policy which continues today.
The last convention of the American Negro Labor
Congress was held in St. Louis in November, 1930,
where, by unanimous decision, the name was changed
to the League of Struggle for Negro Rights. ibid,
p. 83!
League of Struggle for Negro Rights
Immediate successor to the American Negro Labor
Congress, the League of Struggle for Negro Rights was
31
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the same old sputnik with a new name. The mmq ofCommunist sputniks have had a way of wen;-155 mland, when they do, the Party thinks up ngw names inorder to seduce new followers. Thus, the Amgrgqm
League Against War and Fascism became the Amepjqn
League for Peace and Democracy when the new united-
front line was adopted after the Seventh World Con-gress of the Communist International in 193$. During
World War ll, the Young Communist League rnetan1or_
phosed into American Youth for Democracy on Octgbgy
l_7, l943samc convention, same oicers, same revolu-
tionary Objectives. Later on, the Southern COnf¢r¢nggfor Human Welfare became the Southern Conference
Educational Fund in 1947--same oicers, same address,
same telephone number, same publication fsolhem
PQIHCII!, and same Communist objectives.
There was no attempt to conceal the Communist Par." ~ -"""'*"' "1" the League of Struggle for Negro Rights.
Among the national council members of the Organju-
tion were such high functionaries of the ,_:9m:;}921f;§-5}
Party as William Z. Foster, Earl Browder, James W.Ford, Robert Minor, Benjamin J. Davis, Harry Ha!--
wood, Cyril Briggs, Clarence Hathaway, Irving Potash.l..3lll:~i Vveinstock, Israel Atnter, Claude Lightfoot, and
.-tliixei W. Berry of the Highlander Folk School semi-
-'1; ' 1 "F_*j"o.':'rj', Land, and Freedom: A Program for
oegro Llbt!'6lft0n, published by the League of Strugglerot Negrc» Rights, New York, 1933, p. 44-46!
1.- ngston Hughes was president of the League oi
Struggle for Negro Rights.
in it-= Program for Negro Liberation, the LSNR re-
; .lt'-"l zhe doctrine of Negro nationhood;
r-so-claim before the whole world that the
-- J-on Negroes are a nationa nation striving
- manhood but whose growth is violently re-
l» nd which is viciously oppressed by American
. -'1 The program here presented outlines
he oniv course of action which guarantees the de-
teiopmcnl of the American Negroes to full nation»
hood, which will elevate them to that rightful place
of equality before all and subservience before none.
taste, p. 1-3!
in-; jv-.-gr:-.n"i 0: the LSNR also reiterated the Com-
r~<-vni=1 dema.n:-:~: for conscation of the property of the
92_l7l'92@rfj 92i,-hire!-;
l * we of Struggle for Negro Rights therefore
'= ~' to-is the conscation without compensation of the
.s1i|~.l ul the big landlords and capitalists in the South
and .-ts distribution among the Negroes and white
.<r'1. ._li F.'=rrn».-rs and sharecroppers. ibid, p. 10!
i;; h., R eport of the Central Committee to the Eighth
¬-Fm cr non or" the Communist Party, held in Cleveland.
U-510. April 2-8, 1934, Earl Browder said:
32A more broad and all-inclusive organizational form
lor the Negro liberation struggles is the League of
Struggle for Negro Rights. This should embrace in
its activities all of the basic economic organizations
of Negro and white workers standing on the program
of Negro liberation, and further unite with them all
other sections of the Negro population drawn to-
wards this struggle, especially those large sections of
the petty-bourgeoisie, intellectuals, professionals, who
can and must be won to the national liberation cause.
The L. S. N. R. must, in the rst place, be an active
federation of existing mass organizations; and second-
ly, it must directly organize its own membership
branches composed of its most active forces and all
supporters otherwise unorganized. The present be-
ginnings of the L. S. N. R. and its paper, The Liber-
ator, which with only a little attention have already
shown mass vitality, must be energetically taken up,
and spread throughout the country. Communism in
the llinited Stores, 1935, p. ._9!
Browders grandiose conception of the LSNR was a
piece of typical Communist wishful thinking. The
LSNR gave way to the National Negro Congress in
I936.
National Negro Congress
The fact that the Communist Party was preparing to
launch one of its sputniks, the National Negro Congress,
was noisily proclaimed long before it was sent revolving
around the Party.
The very suggestion that the National Negro Congress
be launched was made by the Negro Communist leader,
James W. Ford. In his book, The Negro People in
American History, William Z. Foster writes:
This broad movement the National Negro Con-
gress!, which operated in the tradition of the historic
Negro people's conventions, had been suggested two
years before by James W. Ford, in a debate with
Oscar dc Priest and Frank Crosswaith. p. 488!
The Party Organizer of March, 1935, let it be known
that the Communist Tarty was laying careful plans to
launch the National Negro Congress. This was almost
one year before its plans came to fruition. The Party
Organizer, in Publishing excerpts frorn a report to one
of the plenum: of the Communist Party, said:
In connection with the question of the united [rout
on the Negro questionif we work properly now
and see that we must penetrate these organizations
the churches, the National Association for the Ad-
vancement of Colored People, etc.! there is the pos-
sibility of building up a National NegTo Congress on
a broad united front basis. We had a discussion
about this conference in the N. Y. District of the
Counnunist Party! in which we discussed the Negro
33u
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in -L.-i"' ~q:3a:Z -5-.'.=§t!92-* ., ,.. .. .F ~"-.i'aLI-'2. -ID:llnefinn and I92Q -,92-mil-.I;o.. -3 _ I _- . __mini!-r92Ill92Il-I lluu u..ic Pvaaiuuily U1 3 Nauonal Negro
Congress. If we make the proper orientation, we wil]be able to build the biggest Congress of Negro pmpk
ever held. It means patient work in non-Comi-nun-
ist! Negro organizations. p. 21!
It is obvious that the Communist Party had eve-|;
selected the name of the new spumik a year in ttdvanog
of its launching.
In a condensation of Gunnar Myrdals An American
Dilemma, Arnold Rose says that the National Negro
Congress grew out of a conference m the spring er
1935 held at Howard University under the joint auspice;
of its Division of Social Sciences and of the Joint Com.
mittee on National Recovery. The Negro in America,
p. 262! This joint conference at Howard University was
held in May. The Parry Organizer of March, 1935,
quoted above, is a documentary refutation of the pawn.
rage of the National Negro Congress as given in Arnold
'1':-..": contic-1',-.1;-.tic-ii of An American Dilemma.
In a condential memorandum of the Department of
Justice, issued for the guidance of the departmental
heads of the federal government, the Attorney General
of the United States made the following observation con-
cerning the National Negro Congress:
The National Negro Congress, throughout its exis-
tence. has closely followed the Communist Party lines,
espousing causes and adopting issues sponsored bythe Party . . . In the eld of American foreign policy
it called for united action on the part of the Democra-
cies including the Soviet Union! against fascism
prior to the Russo-German pact of non-aggression,
but after the signing of the pact assailed the imperial-
ist coriict" as having nothing to do with saving
and extending democracy. When the Nazis attacked
Russia, however, the leaders of the National Negro!
Congress advocated all-out aid to the Soviet Union
and urged immediate entrance of the United States
into the war on the side of Britain and the Allies.
Supporting the foregoing view of the Attorney Gen-
eral, the Third National Negro Congress meeting in
Washington, D. C., in April, 1940, adopted the follow-
ing resolution.
The National Negro Congress declares that the
Negro people have everything to lose and nothing to
gain by American involvement in the imperialist war
and sharply condemns the Administration for the
steps it has taken. towards involvement and the par-
tialitv it has shown.
On October 16, 1940, speaking under the auspices of
the Church League for Industrial Democracy in Kansas
City, Missouri, Max Yergen president of the National
Negro Congress! toed the Communist Party line on the
subject of the war, in the following words:
34_.. . _. a__I:___- ..._ I. _ . . _ _II l.-.-2..a-as -ll"--anWe G0 I10! Dcllove we uavc any uuisuiiraa Iluyu-I5
ourselves with either of the belligerent sides now re-sponsible for the war . . . It becomes clear that the
5in1ilE1I'ltl68 between fascist and imperialist rule are
numerous and strong. Democracy and the Negro
People Today, p. 9 and 12!
Max Yergen has since made a clean break with the
Communist apprtvi _A. Philip Randolph, president of the Brotherhood of
Sleeping Car Porters AFL!, was the rst president Of
the National Negro Congress. He was, in fact, already
designated as president of the NNC when the new or-
ganlZali0n was rst convened in Chicago on February
|4, I936. The Communist Party had, of course, se-
lected Randolph for the position. The Party had left
nothing to chance or the delegates to the Congress.
On account of illness, Randolph was not present at
the 1936 sessions of the National Negro Congress. His
presidential address, prepared before the Congress met,
was read by Charles Wesley Burton, a Negro lawyer
from Chicago.Randolph's edmess me kind which might Well
have been prepared at Communist Party headquarters.
With typical soapbox ourishes, Randolph said:_. . . the Negro people face a hard, deceptive and
brutal capitalist order, despite its preachments of
Christian love and brotherhood.
What has brought us to this insistent question? The
answer in brief lies in the First! World War, the
sharpening and deepening of capitalist exploitation of
the workers of hand and brain, the acceleration of a
technological revolution creating a standing army of.._..__!.-tn.-..-I 01. . -2...-nine. ver -nah -inn n rnnnhnlULICILIPIUJUU, HJU llpwuius ll lllllll-IALLIE U1 All92ll..i92IrI92-ll:
capitalism thru trustication, rationalization and the
rapid march of nancial imperialism, and the intensi-
cation of racial and religious hatreds, together with
increasingly blatant and provocative nationalism.
But the war itself was the eect of a deeper cause
and that cause was the prot system which provides
and permits the enrichment of the few at the expense
oi the many . . . The Oicial Proceedings of the
National Negro Congress, 1936, p. 8, 9!
Randolph paid his respects to the Communist Party's
International Labor Defense. He said:
Those organizations that are serving on the civil
rights front effectively for the Negro are the National
Association for the Advancement of Colored People,
and the International Labor Defense. ibid p. 10!
In fairness to A. Philip Randolph, and to complete
the record, it must be pointed out that eventually he
became disgusted with the Communist domination of
the National Negro Congress and resigned from its
presidency. After the meeting of the Third Congress.
Randolph wrote:
35
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_.q,,,,. . . i consider the Communism B denite menace
and a danger to the Negro people and labor, becauggof their rule or ruin and disru tive ' '_ P tactics in theinterest of the Soviet Union . . . The Congress was
deliberately packed with Communists and Q. 1, !_members who were either Communists or sympa-
thizers with Communists . . .
I quit the congress because I was opposed to ii,
or its ofcials. expressing sympathy for the sovje;
Union, which is the death prison where
and liberty have walked their last mile
shocking blood purges wipe out any and all person;
who express any dissenting opinions from dictator
Stalin.
I quit the congress because I saw that the Com-
munisls were rmly in the saddle . . . Their mindswere already made up when they came there byCommunists manipulations, caucuses, and propa-ganda . . . I quit the congress because it was not
truly a Negro Congress. Congressional Record, May
I4, 1940, p. 2944-S!
The Communist domination of the National Negro
Congress was, of course, evident from the beginning to
anyone sufficiently interested in the evidence.
Despite the plain truth about the Communists and
the NNC, it received a boost from Norman Thomas.
Philip Murray, and Walter White of the N.A.A.C.P.-
all of whom appeared as speakers at the Second Na-
tional Negro Congress in October, 1937.
the Second National Negro Congress was convened
in Philadelphia. The NNC ofcials made arrangementsfor a special train from New York to Philadelphia,
through World Tourists, a Soviet travel and espionage
:1 gentry.
in addition to Walter White of the N.A.A.C.P., the
National Negro Congress was able to attract, as speak-
ers or sponsors, many other Negro leaders among whom
were the following: Frederick D. Patterson, president of
Tuskegee Institute; Rufus B. Atwood, president of Ken-
tucky State College; John M. Ellison, president of Vir-
ginia Union University; David D. Jones, president ot
Bennett College; R. 0i-iara Lanier, president of Texas
Southern University; and Jacob L. Reddix, president of
Jackson State College.
The National Negro Congress also enlisted as stooges
the following bishops of Negro churches: Bishop James
A Bray. Colored Methodist Episcopal; Bishop R. A.
Carter, Colored Methodist Episcopal; Bishop W. J.
Walls. African Methodist Episcopal Zion; Bishop R. R.
.,..giit, African Methodist Episcopal; Bishop W. A.
Fountain, African Methodist Episcopal; and Reverdy
C. Ransom, African Memmlist Episcopal.
The atliations of these Negro college presidents and
Negro bishops indicate that the Communist Party hasdemocracy
and where
36. ' kshag a large measure of£ :£eneHamg the ran
ed tors an -of sear; m:°;emd Xmas; from 1936 to the end
of world war 11, the National Negro Congrefls and the
munist Party dropped such slogans as A Neg gment in the Black Belt and "The 1-ib=mi°'1 °lCpl] _ _ __ _ _, ,...., - _ 1.___:__ _.ZnL- N 1 11, 11115 W35 in itccping wiuithe OPprcSf1elSiq;§Rrl :y'Sal]l¬W tactical orientation of thegie iglsI11;:1rDnt After worm War ll, the Communistseop -_ _ . - _reverted to theirmbaipmtlllgltpggs létf 13; -52:21 sslfgsComgrnungggis _Irl-éai in H ninr ngnintf fh Anijs PQ92ig' W ~ [nu Yfill a nun-n I--w 42;;-,8:gt out gr any loyalty to their own eountt-ii'y_ butvp;cause their adopted fatherland. the Soviet 111011,
- ' t.a éooiliigigeaorld War ll, the National Negro Con-
...--" 1-ml thg Qgmtinist Party SllOWBd 111611 l-Tl-15
5;;Z.°.,"'6.. iime 6, 1946, the tmc addressed a petition
to the United Nations, requesting that foreign agency
to conduct an investigation into 1116 0PPl'e5$l°l1 °f the
l .Ne £Ib ii1i::1ci£i; tactics are always subject to drastic altera-
lion without notice, but the basic aim of violent revolu-
tion is never abandoned. _ _ _Th: Nations] Negro Congress was liquidated in 947-
11 had served the purposes of the C0mII_tl-lBl_5t °°l1§P 'a°3
admirably for almost a decade, but dt-t1"1l1g_fl$ laler Y§ _'§
i; had become so indelibly stamped as ti §0V1BI -lP'"""
that its inuence outside the immediate circle of Com-
munists was rapidly approaching the vanishing point.Never discouraged, and always I¢dY_ l° Sim 3 Wet
again, the Party went on to the launching of new -Pm
nit'c.r.
Southern Negro Youth Congress _ _
The Southern Negro Youth Congress Orlslmd asthe youth section of the National N¢3l'°_C?n_B'°;s-b itsrst conic-rence was held in Richmond, V_1TE'ma e m
My 13-14 1937, at the Fifth Street Baptist Church.
The late Edward E. Strong, Commulflsl Party Neg
leader, was chairman of the youth section of the NNC
and of the SNYC. _ _The stwc was formed during the era 0f_ the P=¢P'? 5
Front, and its behavior was guided acco1'd1IlSlY- A "5
rst session, the pastor of the Baptist Cl1Hl'¢h Pmnounced an invocation. There was nothing 02 $6danin-the-church attitude which had characterize Ie
period of the American Negro I-&l><_>t'_ C°fl§Y§§5- llthough the Communists were in complete control.
Speakers at the rst conference of the SNYC included
E. Franklin Frazier, professor at Howard University.
Mordecai W. Johnson. P"°sid°m °f Howard University,
and Angelo Hemdon. 7 _ _
During the conference. it seminar W" '_l*="°*°'1,° M
subject, "The Role of the Negro Church in Solvin lb
37
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'
"Ieatmml-.Social and Economic Problems of Negro Youth. Theleader of the seminar was Herben H. Smith, dean ofthe School of Religion, Bishop College, Marshall, Term,Participants in the seminar discussion were Harold Ro-land, School of Religion, Howard University, and Jam A. Cox, School of Religion, Virginia Union University.The Rev. C. E. Queen, pastor of the Leigh Street Meth-odist Church, also pronounced an invocation. '
At one session of the Richmond conference, W. F,Richardson, of the National Association for the Ad-vancement of Colored People, presided. The NAACPnational headquarters had a full-page advertisement inthe souvenir program.
The SNYC had a Communist ailiate known as theAssociation of Young Writers and Artists. The associa-tion was dedicated to stimulating and encouraging in-dividual and group expression in the elds of art byNegro youth, increasing the means whereby the nestcultural contributions of Negro youth may be madeavailable to the general public . . . " Toward this end,
the association conducted an essay contest on the sub-ject, What is your interpretation of the novel Free-
dom Road by Howard Fast?
The secretary of the Association of Young Writersand Artists was Louis E. Burnham, Communist Party
Negro leader wbo numbered among his later Communist
activities an instructorship in the Jeerson School of
Social Science and membership on the board of direc-tors of the Southern Conference Educational Fund.The honorary members of the Association of YoungWriters and Artists read like a roster of distinguished
fellow travelers. Among the honorary members werethe following: Louis Adamic, Countee Cullen, W. E. B.Duilois, Oscar Hammerstein, W. C. Handy, LangstonHughes, Canada Lee, Rayford W. Logan, Carey Mc-Williams, Dorothy Parker, Pearl Primus, and KennethSpencer. Peopies Daily World, Oct. 2, 1944, p. 5!James W. Ford rushed back to report to the Central
Committee of the Communist Party on the Richmond
conference of the SNYC. The Negro and the Demo-
cratic Front, p. 113-I19! His enthusiasm was unbound-ed. The Communist Party had made a new and deeper
penetration into the South.
William Z. Foster has recently made the following
glowing appraisal of the work and inuence of the
Southern Negro Youth Congress:
Most important was the united front SouthernNegro Youth Congress . . . Leaders in this organiza-
tion were Edward Strong, James W. Ford, James
Jackson, Henry Winston, Louis Burnham, and EstherCooper . . . In 1946, when it held its seventh conven-
"".--: fr. the out--or-tne-way Southern city of Columbia,
South Carolina, 1,000 delegates were present . . .The .Y.C. was the most important movement ever
conducted by Negro youth- It pioneered many of. ' lace ino rnents now $111118 P _mg Tdl-elvilfqwg Domain in .4-"H5-7i§Q!! HI!the South . . . 921"="=5"' - -~r-~ -
IOU! P~ Y th Congress W55 liquidated »~ ' 1 - .iiiast for the time be1'1E- '
hre c Fe once for Human Wei _Southern to; r mu-aon of the Communist PartyTbhegsouth iaztee with the launching °f "-he S°mhemintot ' ber 1938.H rt Welfare tn Novem§-tjgfiiliillsg totihmglace Birmingham, Megan:with the blessings of the White House E1=1'l°1' °°
- - 31 er. .
Mm- . s f the world are uponme conference saldl The eyes O ts with the nationsus ' i The lling iiisiihhmitiiliyogsn minds and '°°"°youtl1.kFalc1eeta*:h§ing is we before accepting it as true;all ma_ Ba-I ne can we stake our hopes for democracy.iii iist 0?Pr0ceedit'l8-Y 0/ 1'" s° 'h ' Conference for ep r
Hul;Mi;1kliei!"iaIeto£seliiE:it sent a letter to the BirminghamIa n _ ' . ' . cl ' 1 Cwnfsfslmi "1 °h°b h . d' -ti ygrniheiiiti 15:3course and keep everlastu:tgly_at it. ebe thankful for this day-" bd' P' 2! kso Robert
°°5 i§* tr P:."°..";';.:.5.*t":.=:..t=~';.,".;,....... F. Hall. an OB *5 Y __manipLt]3l.Cd T116 Qcfnfereiécc from :;eh1:;Ie:?e. ffégli.William Z. Foster writes with unusu III !'- th' inuence was strong in the S.C.I-I.W. from Biiiiilsina this was reected in the advanced 12931 am
.._. _ ..__._- r---- - -'1 American "aster",it adopted. rte rvegro reupie or 1
P. 431! P G _T» it is ':.s§1'sz.;.1t:.tam. when rt=*'d=" ° h° Unmm Y r the High-Laler Presidents were Jqhn B ThOé:iPsl tmF :eman nowlander Folk School seminar! alltiloneaér Emcérgency CM]Elector of the ilommunlst-conhout most of its exist-ubmes-c°mmmee!'doThr°1i§ 194s time A. D0111- ence, which extended WI! séwbrowski was administrator of the _ - A F T?. __ ,__ Ir.-. A-.m-..-an g_;92;;__g_$,The House ¬:I'IifiI:ll7G U1-l -92Jl.l'tl-l:l192-t.|.92-gaath
ts .t""':.t*':;t.*:.3:.:"::."t:.*z.:;2;:t:;t"r.ut e e ts . _Mme wartime hogiymoon of the Washington oscowaxis to the Cold ar. _ _n it Mash Wt: E;z:..§°.*':";;s.:dubbed the SCHW a Communist o i . - - -report Of 91¢ O° °° ° t" ?°§1-°T=ii=iii:tiii"iiié
d3tCd JUDC 1-2| the iouowlng In lc
SCHW I II u __.l
xam= tio of its ociai puoiication out-1itsctiacliiaifiiiies willuiiiscltlise that the conference ts being
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I
used in devious ways to further basic Soviet andCommunist policy. Decisive and key posts are inmost instances controlled by persons whose record isfaithful to the line of the Communist Party and the
Soviet Union. p. 1!
In a 1954 report, the Senate internal Security Sub-committee reached the following unanimous conclusion: The Southern Conference for Human Welfare was con-ceived, nanced, and set up by the Communist Party in1938 as a mass organization to promote communism
throughout the Southern States." p. v!
Southern Conference Educational Fund i
Attention has already been called to the fact that theSouthern Conference for Human Welfare metamor-
phosed into the Southern Conference Educational Fund
in the middle of 1948. Ln the shift from one name to
the other, the organization maintained the same head-quarters, the same telephone number, the same publi-cation, and the same executive director.
The Senate Internal Security Subcommittee reportedin 1954 that an objective study of the entire record
compels the conclusion that the Southern ConferenceEducational Fund, Inc., is operating with substantiallythe same leadership and purposes as a predecessor
ulganlZ&11OD, the Southern Conference for Human Wel-fare." By "the same leadership and purposes, the Sen-ate Committee meanl that the Southern Conference Edu-
cational Fund, like the Southern Conference for Human
Welfare, was a mass organization to promote Com-
munism throughout the Southern states."Much has already been said about Aubrey Williams,
president, and James A. Domhrowski, executive direc-tor, of the Southern Conference Educational Fund. It
may be added that the names of both Williams and
Ftortthro-.'-'ski were attached to the brief amici curiaewhich was submitted to the United States Supreme
Court, October, 1955, Term, on behalf of the Com-munist Party, U. S. A. Their support of this briefttmici curiae, written with a typical Communist air,
sufficiently reveals the idealogical position of these two
principal oicials of the SCEF.
As has already been indicated, the Southern Confer-ence Educational Fund exerts a commanding inuencein the South today, and is in the vanguard of the pro-Communist integration forces. The principal functionof the Southern Conference Educational Fund is to
serve as a bridge between the Communist Party on the
one hand and misguided Southern Liberals on the otherhand. In this function, it has been remarkably suc-
cessful.
National Association for the Advancement
of Colored People
A special word concerning the NAACP is necessary.this organization is no: a Communist front.
40i
- its Assist-92T" NAACP has "" §'. " I?Lil}lmel£tli]e;db?The Com-mt Field Secrets-no H" " E if a This Pm-munist Pttrgy--2:11-Y ifdi§§,§f,:t of Cotiiimunist views ' asPm O1: the Nsgro question. _aminuit foreword to the PamPh1° by Hcrbcn Hm R - ' ' t est tnwe» toastythe Negr9 qua ° . ' ' 1; th Commun- ius:;:":.::§.f?'.::%::.:.s.*t., cam-ists use _e . ,3 1; western world. Fag; atgamstthtgt? £IiflIii1edi§1:?ilc92:S1anbEt tfbservetl that the e o - . -- tyeettve of Communistmtacp has been 3 P' ° °-' incnt in-pcnetration and. I15 n1?tne:§psNtRjiaI:1;¢§a92l:'°;:cmmbeddtvtduals connecttrh Wcommunisbfront apparatus. Proofto mthaptgeéri til been troubled with the P'°b°m °that = _ . - d ' a resolutionCommtidumitthPeIlg1Sai'i:1Iilni1salt l'J1ItAg?'ni:0riention, Whiiih5d°Pt e .. - t the Association willreads u f01l° "$i AS m the pasin kee ' h demo-pmg Wll"' Pl°y very Wiamnabl-e nieilsure ent the cndorsers,iliauc °rari;i:u::¢ili3;ii=1§ii:ss iii Ptliiav Communist con-¢l"PP° -- " ainthesPira¢}' from lommgpo-K Pam¢'Pa n3 J any W yWOTK Of the the New York Times 1-e-§t!:dbtih!:tett-lleeNAACP his 1-=it=<=l=d "1" °f-PPo, . - ']_D ',NewYorkstateCi-11_1'-
m .of $50 oercd by Davis. - f the leaders
fr :;?;§::"::::f..::;":.:..°.,.,.s...,° e at half of theas is as s" :2 st ::::t.§:"s,b:,erti'hsn$:11i111n;a1;itsccPT-lble *9 l°inin3' 5upPg_,ng' N-mg_ - - 11 mmuntsdefending the front orS" °ns of t e
conspiracy. ' - m t gmThe indisputable ll-131 Er ax ;n?tig;e,Bhavt? beenleaders of tlle N1;A£:;n_t; 5; Communist consPh.acy_extraordinar y 80 _ . 1 - d ted1. the --=-11=s' -as-°°e1s":*:;§°;;6 1?.;.:.?£.nat the San Francisco convento th bras; every 1_ea_ PW w be a big loophple m'th tdepmocraitic orgi?-B-sonable measure in keeP1nB W cram or ' 'on_. _ _ . ss ganlzll'1°l1=1P1'm°P1°5' obwously demon from holding highal Princililesn do not Prevent a P.erS° . - ' a Com- »: it» WC"mums mgamzmmn M one an ' h currentlyTwo <=w1=P1==~ °f NAACP °f°ai5 W 0 aizations will. ' 311prominent to the aatrs of C0111-ll'lIIl1.l:IJ-2% gggan d me Com_illustrate the interlocking of '1 B
mumst apparatus. be er a national viceuprcsidem ofAlidrew D. agguéasurer on theietl1:ilAzi92ccliét:1cl; Civil Liberties Committee, one of the o e III
41
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1-a
,-.4:most active Communist organizations in the United
States at me present time.
John Wesley Dobbs, a national vice-president of the
NAACP. IS a member of the board of directors of the
Southern Conference Educational Fund, the rnost inu-
ential Communist organization currently operating in
the South. Mr. Dobbs was a guest of honor at a 1957
meeting of the_Emergency Civil Liberties Committee.
He was also a signer of the brief amici curiae submitted
to the U. S. Supreme Court on behalf of the Communist
Party Ill the fall of 1955.
It may be enlightening to give some totals which indi-
cate the extent to which the top leadership of the
NAACP has given aid and comfort to the Communist-
front apparatus. Listed on the current letterheads of
the NAACP are the names of 236 dilferent national
officers. One hundred forty-ve or more than 61 pg]-_
C6111! of these individuals have been involved, in'one
'3? OT 3I10lh61'. with Communist enterprises, for a
grand total of 2,200 afliations of public record. Forty-
...,. UL must: NAACP national oicers have had one or
two Communist afliliations; 99 have had 3 or more
such ailiations; 52 have had ii! or more; and 46 have
had I5 or more.
At this point, I present a tabulation of the names of
the NAACP national ofcers whose Communist alia-
tions number l5 or mote, together with the number of
such ailizrliorrs for each individual.
Eduard L. Parsons Protestant Episcola bishop!-_..n108
Robert Vi. Kenny California ago;-nay!_____________¥____101
:'I..r.:_", .Sl1;p]el' Protestant Episcopal clergy-
man! . . .. ...__---__i-,__,_,,____,____,_i_i_________ 75
.r!§._'l;;yc;nn | "l-uir-rat-in r:|1'lr92rr|nu92 Lt...... 92._..,_._..6._, ,,,,,,, _,,_,J.;____________________ u__,
Roger Baldwin American Civil Liberties Union! 64
John l-lowland Lathrop Unitarian clergyman! ______ __ 62:592,iigtlI_l<Jl'1 D. Black Society for Ethical Qilture
.;.1tJt;r_! , __ _,__-_______________ ____v_______________k_______________ 60
Val: Wye!-t Brooks author! _________________ ______:__:::_m__:; 59
Freda Ki1'Li'tw'ey editor of The Na;;'0n!_________L___g_____ 59
El-;ar92- -1" Roosevelt _____________________________ ___________________ __ 56
Bat-tlev Crum San Francisco 31191-ngy!___________________ 56
George l.. Paine Protestant Episcopal clergyman!.. S0
l-lenry Httt Crane Methodist c]ergyrnan!_.________'_____ 46
Mar; Lerner I newspaper columnist and professor! 43
Chznning H. Tbias Methodist clgfgyman! __________ __ 43
lent:-1 ll. 9292'"oll'e chief justice of Utah Supreme
Court! e ....... ._..___c__-_____-______h__, 43
O3l"!lOflCl Plfiiekl New Ygrk agl-|1gy!_~_____H_______ 41
.*'"tr<#= =>h-:.=.l<'i if :;'i_.ElSh poet and university professor! 33
Q l -tr" 9- vdolph labor union president! ______ _. 38
Frartk P " "'"~h=m university president, ex-U. S.
'oIZE'!k.!l.Ol'! _. _ ,._m._h. ._ . 37
G. Brc-mley Oxnam Methodist bishop! ________._ 36
.l0ll.n. Haynes Holmes Unitarian clergyman!_...__._. 35
W 3. "Walls Methodist bishop! 34
42___._7
I
l
i l
T
I
92
ll
llReinhold Niebuhr clergyman and theological
professor! _. _...._--.__ _
Roscoe Dunjee Oklahoma newspaper editor!_..._.
Benjamin E. Mays college president and clergyman!
Edwin McNeil] Poteat Baptist clergyman!_..___._-
George S. Counts university professor! .__..._....___.
Wiiam Lloyd lmes Presbyterian clergyman! mmn.
Rufus E. Clement university president and
clergyman! _.___---___.-_._-_-_..-_..._-~.----i--.---"--_.
Lewis S. Gannett newspaper columnist! _-c.--_n_._..,
Oscar Hammerstein II theatrical lyrics writer!
John Hammond businessman! ___--___.--_-_._..__-_-__.
S. Ralph Harlow college professor and clergyman!
Henry W. Hobson Protestant Episcopal bishop!...
Albert Sprague Coolidge university professor!--_--c_
Edward L. Young physician! __m_.n-__..._.~...__..._
Hubert T. Delany New York attor-ney!-_...-______
Horace M. Kallen educator!_--_...__..__...__.._,n..._.
Albert C. Dieffenbach Unitarian clergyman! c__...___
Frank Kingdon Methodist cIergyman!--_--___.-----m
Loren Miller Los Angeles attorney!
Norman Thomas socialist leader!
Albert E. Bamett theological professor, clergyman!
H. Claude Hudson Los Angeles educator!____-_..--
Henry Smith Leiper Presbyterian clergym:-1n!_____34
33
31
30
29
29
2726
25
23
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. ,_ ...
.131.
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"I:
. ...1~.>;.=s-~1- -rs-;1i¢CAme;-lean League for Peace and Democracy
Roger N. Baldwin
Morris L. Ernst
Lewis S. Gannett
William Lloyd lines
Max Lerner
A. Philip Randolph
Guy Emery Shipler
Roy WilkinsVan Wyck Brooks
Osmond K. Fraenkel
Frank P. Graham
Robert W. Kenny
Reinhold Niebulrr
Eleanor Roosevelt
Charming H. Tobias
L. Bradford Young
American Youth Congress
Roger N. Baldwin
Mrs. Samuel MeCrae Cavert
Earl B. Dickerson
Max Lerner
A Philip Ritl'tLl Jlph
Guy Emery ShiplerNorman Thomas
Algemon D. Black
George S. Counts
John 1-lowland Lat-hrup
Archibald MacLeislr
Eleanor Roosevelt
George N. Sbuster
itizens Emergency Conference for interracial Unity
Algernon L!. Black
Harry Bragg
Hubert T. Delany
Osmond K. Fraenkel
John A. Morsell
C. B. Powell
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Jane M. Bolin
Maurice A. Dawkins
Harry Emerson F0§tii¢'ll
Max Lemer
Myles A. Paige
Jawn Sandifer
George N. Shuster
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Jame; Hinton
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Roscoe Dunjee
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Arthur J. Mandel!
Edward L. Parsons
James H. Wolfe
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m.-H Miller
Council on Afri
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Albert C. Dieenbach
Robert W. Kenny
Edward L. Parsons
can Affairs
Jane M. Bolin
Earl B. Dickerson
John Hammond
Arthur B. Spingarn
Robert C. Weaver
|_-|-vnerqev Civil Liberties Committee
Hurt". Hi1tCrzmB
Fail H Dickersll
W 1.; 1111Andrew D. WeinbergerHuben T. DelanyJohn Wesl Do bl 1».-'.92<~ - .. e y _ =3!
- _ .5 . R .-dding Edwin MeNeiJ1 Potent
Guy Emery SmplerEnd -Jim Crow
Algernon D. Black
John I-lowland Lathrop
Eleanor RooseveltIQ! lltnhnll l.'.nns-si-A-.-_----u -..-nu was
Oscar Hammerstein, ll
C. B. Powell
Channing H. Tobias
International labor Defense
Roger N. Baldwin
Roscoe Dunjee
Frank P. Graham
William Lloyd Imes
John l-lowland Lathrop
Arthur J. Mandel!
George L. Paine
A. Philip Randolph
Channing H. Tobias
National Committe
Rufus E. Clement
Frank P. Graham
Mordecai W. Johnson
G. Bromley Oxnam
A. Philip RandolphEarl B. Dickerson
Osmond K. Fraenkel
Oscar Hammerstein, ll
Robert W. Kenny
Archibald MacLeish
Benjamin E. Mays
C. B. Powell
Lillian Smith
Ruth Weyand
e to Abolish the Poll Tax
Channing H. Tobias
Harry Emerson Fosdick
Henry W. Hobson
Robert W. Kenny
Edward L. Parsons
Eleanor Roosevelt
National Federation for Constitutional Liberties
Algernon D. Black
Rufus E. Clement
Henry Hitt Crane
Osmond K. Fraenkel
Frank P. Graham
S. Ralph Harlow
Henry W. Hobson
Carl B. Johnson
Freda KirchweyMax Lerner
Arthur J. Mandell
James J. McClendon
G. Brornley Oxnarn
Edward L. Parsons
Sidney R. Redmond
Arthur B. Spingarn
Willard S. TownsendVan Wyck Brooks
Albert Sprague Coolidge
Bartley Crum
Lloyd Garrison
Harry J. Greene
Harrison Hires
William Lloyd Irnes
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Benjamin E. Mays
Karl A. Menninger
George L. Paine
Edwin McNe1'.l1 Poteat
Guy Emery Shipler
Channing H. Tobias
James H. Wolfe
National Negro Congress
Mrs. Emesl Alexander
Ralph J. Bunche
H. Claude Hudson
Ruben W. Kenny
Loren Miller
Henry Lee Moon
Tarea H. Pittman
Louis L. Redding
Norman Thomas
'vv. J. WisJane M. Bolin
Earl B. Dickerson
Sidney A. Jones, Jr.
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L. Pearl Mitchell
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n.' Testimonial Dinner in Honor of Ferdinand C. SmithSouthern Conference
Albert. E. Barnett
Rutus E. Clement
John Wesle DobbsRoland B. grittelsolzaa
John Hammond
Westley W. Law
C. Herbert Marshall
James M. Naiarit, Jr.
T. G. Nutter
Louis L. Redding
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Daisy Bates
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Roscoe Duljee
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Mordecai W. Johnson
Arthur J. Mandel!
Benjamin E. May:
Reinhold Niebuhr
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Frederick E. Reiuig
W. J. Walls
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James Hinton
Freda Kirchwey
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Eleanor Roosevelt
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Frank P. Graham
Mordecai W. Johnson
Benjamin E Mays
Frederick E. Reissig
Lillian Smith
Channing H. Tobias
Southern Negro Youth Congress
Rufus E. Clement
Oscr Hammemcha, II
A. Philip Randolph
Arthur D Sm-'4.-5Roscoe Dunjee
Mordecai W. Johnson
Eleanor Roosevelt
J. M. Tinsley
Hubert T. Delany Robert C. Weaver
Freda Kirchwey Roscoe Dunjee
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October 2, 1958
cg,-9237' i ' 'i-i_ '
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Your letter postmarked September 26, 1958,
with its enclosures, has been received and the motive
which prompted your communication is appreciated.ve
1 we Dear
In the event you secure any additional
data which you believe to he of interest to thisBureau, you may desire to communicate directly withthe Spec a1 Ag:-nt in Charge of our Ilemghis 0ice
located at 11 Sterick Bilding, Hemp is 3,Tennessee. '
MAILED 11?
» OCT 2 " 1953
common: ' " 'Sincerely_ynrs,
'1-
£1 ;-;.liiYi John Edgar Hoover.. .,__;__' ~5,,' I-..'*~,__L_
,-
1 - Director $5 1 _ -
, a _ hemp is M ALL INFORMATION sour:-wen; 1 P: 1 " HEREIN |s RICLASSIFIED it 3"0 = an aid BY
p;la;§g§ .§»u _ nclosed is a copy of correspondent's 5§q'% L:;1aF92i>§g;,'- . communication. Bufilcs ref ect that correspondent _d ,<
M _m 1 ui wrote to the Bureau on 3-21752 in a vague and nonspecific
e manner advising he would write again to the Bureau.k Ls: nip ' ->. The receipt of his letter was acknowledged and he
¢gi;;; .!f;;; was requested to contact your office if he had anyf¬~%¬E.$;;ff*1 infornation within the BreaufsLjurisdiction.'_Copies a""mmm§rQ£mm._4r of this corres ondence were furnished our office. ':g_?$42»'?f»t :";t"=""- 'i=é-¥}5';""!i¥!:;'92; _,____,,_,_-- » p y
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K .* . Corresponde enclosed with his letter a .copy of theugampule ;"Communism_and the NAACP? which -contains tes imony resented By Dr. J. B. Mathews * "i"
at a public hearing of the Florida Legislation-= .;.<Investigation ggmittee at Tallahassee, Florida, on"2-10-58. The p phlet bears a notation that it"is-g ;published by the eorgia_Commission.on Education,20 Agriculture Bu ding, 19 Hunter Street, Southwes 12Atlanta 3, Georgia. The pamphlet-deals primarily * '
with CP programs reg rding t e "Negro question! " - =
CP program to infiltrate noncommunist or anizationsand various CPwsatellite organizations "%aunched*§*
by the Communist Party especially for Negroes.', r VA
It further indicates that while the NAACP "is not a Q
communist front" the leaders of the NAACP "taken as 3+
a whole, have been extraordinarily soft towards *
the communist conspiracy." 05-52615!.1..
folder printed by the Georgia Commission o '-¢n;., _Education which reggted to the Labor Day,&%§577". meeting held at th Highlander Folk School HE§!,
_ Monteagle, Tennessee. . T f'T "* ?i *T "- ,1
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the Sout and has previously been brought to the"*h=
, attention of the Bureau as well as to your office.-
. The HFS due to its interracial character has been the
' subject of numerous past allegations that it represents
the head uarters for communism in eastern Tennessee.These allegations, however, have never been substantiat
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RBHEVILLE. N.C. I
December 23,1958
Kr. J. Edger Hoover,
Eeoerrl Bureau of Investigation,
Washington, D.C.
Deer Kr. Eoover:- * C3
A publication entitled "Highlander Folk Sch ' 1' I ,-fli--.
1;i§ "F; F;TdmmMr. BalmMr. link?Mi. NP3._
Mr. I-;~»{2n'5_
M". Ifmzenii
Mr. Tamm___
Mr. 'l;'oLter_
Mr. W.C.Su1l
Tele. R0 m__
Mr. H0 ma:
BESS 3. dy_.
1. ~-.
001"
has reached my desk. It was sent out by the Ge6?gi§"U3i§§T6H "
on Education, Atlanta, and discusses what it calls the Communist
treininz school at Nonteagle, Tenn.
If there is such a communist undertaking th
it 1S a matter of public concern. I join in that concern.
This is to inquire if you have any specific
{ information on the school. I'd appreciate hearin: from you-
Uith thanks and the good wishes of the sees
I an
ALL INFORMATION CUNTN Sincerely yoursF
ere,
>r1~/' i
on,
l
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_ I'D JQN 8 1959
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* ~ o L A e A. have reéelred your um: ofbecembor 2:, 1958,. -'~-. .' ' .7» .. .-<.-'.-_ ' x V -. --- _.~' --1-- . . .'-' A 1, - .-_- ~.c1., V 1-.-_~-a--qy-y.---.-;,.¢.:i_-.g~._';-___-_F=~-.- - __,'§1__'f::£t;£ > W _ _,
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All INFORMATION CONTMHEB. HEREINI UIIQLASSIFIED N° ?*iJ~"eévc
1 ...»;f;7¢
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. ' ~ and appreciate the interest which prompted you to write me. I em -'
instructing one of my representatives in your urea to contact you . in {he nee; future relative to your inquiry; _ . _ . - _
" ***":-"*' ' § was thoughtful oi you to extend your 8eason*e'
"3" ""5 you have my very best wishes tor every possible
7 _-gigs iuring tire New Year. . . 7 -
I wi -;,_* * -~ A_ Bineerelyyoure,
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