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1 f_- e not the Gorrelatiua and {idem Seotitn olllld
back and advised his that our tile reflect! that the Lrqa letter .
_?V ll!El!Eair FND x '1-1*§?t'> ¢"_ '- "- ce onndeetfn Ln accordance with eitabliebasl -~.=.' L;__ ' .
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n .. PURPOSE: To record telephonic conversation: held this no _ M _ _£ IDA regarding the above-captioned caee. Q
QQKERCIIEID: Irbe yeetenday afternoon, call -- the "
Oorralation EH Haieon Section concerning the above-captioned one T15 refitto the Arno": letter or Jlnuu-7 S, 19148, request -< an irrvee etion of-in ,9as being considered for employment by the Lr-la. aebd iaather -"thein-eauhadever repliedtothie letter. H 92vg -»'_? -.»--.43.
in acon. god on January 12, 191:8, atdnch time the lrnyru advised that Q2.-aveetigeeeee Lad mum» vwwletivn u remit! wmgdp, 3
= admitted that he had the "hzrniehe-d throum channels.I-ckzncnlledgnent andnnted tolcnov I any erraplyhadeverbeuznade.inted out to um. the report: of a mu eld
2: rare lent to the 01procedures under the loyalty ?rog1-an on Apu-11 .13, EBB. .e_,_
out that our tile: shoe that individual eopiee of the 1 t repo *-
the tray through liaiaon chnmele an lprrll 20, 191:9. -Y--1_
this was true md he I-u in poseeerlon of theee -- . 1.
tine neneral in thii regard and t.-ls:-eafter he aeked - - oonoez-wig _er infer:-ante by the Raraau in umw mwm mewinstance condential informant: are evaluated aa reliability in loyalup-oz-ta, end suggested it he ranted to talk to eoneone familiar aith the IpwaltyP:-og:e.1a 4'.-9 ¢.LLeou~!e Qe patter manic! the Ienltr 8¢<=f~1m-[_{1.-hereafter pointed out ts! that be vu tntere-enei
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question the reliability oi the idormanta He iurther pointed out to the Colonel
that it was a matter for the Arnw to decide as to Ih nthey felt should
be given to the statemen of s ch informants. 'cated that herecognized this fact a.nd then indie e that if the
Army had any question conce ng the reliability of any par icu ar ormants in
this case, ii he would direct a letter to the Exreau we would endeavor to furnish
any additional ding our experience with the informant consistentwith security. indicated he appreciated this fact but stated that
he did not have ime o rec uch a letter to the BJ-1"88.I1 since he was engaged in
reviewing the matter apparently for the 1:1urpose of writing a summary on the case
which "had to be out immediately." He further indicated that his inquiry had been
satisfied. M
as you will rem-1,as been _i§satiéi_9,d. aortas? at 31cited bL§enatgr__lIc§_§J:ih¥-9n m e trieccn;<;res§iona1Record of February 20, 1950 It appears from _ closing remarks that
the Army is aware of this and may be concerned over the fact that he is apparently
still employed by the Army. M
It is noted that as investigated by the Bureau at the Army's request
but as an applicant for a pos tion with the Quartermaster General of the War Department
Our file shows that the Regional Loyalty Board of the Fourth Civil Service Region had
jurisdiction over the adjudication oi the loyalty case pertaining to Meigs since he
was an applicant apparently for a classified position. We received a dis osition fromthe Loyalty Review Board under date of April 15, 19149, reflecting thatnad been
"retained" as an economist and educational specialist for the Departmen o he Army»
This disposition, according to subsequent information set forth in le, was based on
an adjudication oi the case W the Fourth Civil Service Region hyalty kard. Thus ,the Army did not in fact adjudicate the loyalty case pertaining to- M
ACTION: None. There is attached a copy of a summary of the information
developed during the loyalty investigation rega.rding- which was furnished to
the Director by memorandum dated February 214', 1950, fH'T5'nnection with the original
identification by the Birean of 68 of the individuals mentioned by Senator McCarthy.
It appears that the only purpose i'or cal1 is the
probability that the Army is concerned over Senator mcuartny's allegations regard.-inaqard is looking for an "out." It further appears that the Bureau has
by providing reports to the Civil Service Commission in the first instance for
further dissemination to the Army and in subsequently providing individual copiesoi the reports directly to the Army through Liaison channels. W fully ischarged its responsibilities urrier the Loyalty Program in this case
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Mr. Gladden li- liam Jamel -_ ¢. -e e , i
- 661 .l!0J.'lD811 Avenue - . - ~ -0.
Boulder, Colorado ' - _ __;A- ._ - Dear .4;-ea 3 !9k7!g- yum _' I oi: 92.
- - Your letter dated Birch 22, 1950, hae been .
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' rith reference to the eubjeot'you dieouee .I thought you might like to read the copy of a etate-..'
ment I made before the Subcommittee of the'.'=__egate A ;'_ . Committee o_n_1oreign Relations on March 8?, 1955. " »
" Th'ie'etatement contains my view: in thie regard. ' i
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' J Sincerely yours, 3"
. _ ,.;92' %_"r. ..:~ ,. .. _.
- John Edgar Hoover
Director
' £'nc1Io92|L-e e u T r -u _ .
geoeemene before Subcommittee of the Senate Committee
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a naturr
lso a'horn citizen of the United States, and
er of 3o1m*nism,
ld like'fcr you to tell me why it is necessary f
of the Jnited States tc give his consent before he
ngress cr any of its committees can have access to
ds of the Executive branch of the United States, i
w "hat la s, customs or the like regulate these matte
avg you dart need to quote then verbatim, only cite
a
a short letter to advise e,
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"'92 :ing you very kinily for
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_ '. » _ - - . Ii ' ' J -,.
GLADDEN WILLIAM JAMES
A .As.Candidate for Nomination LI ' ...
_ »I ..
FOR CONGRESS
_ 2ND DISTRICT
. COLORADO
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Dont withhold your vote today and let me on the ballot
for the Primary Election. If you do, I will tour this district
and show you the serious threat that Russia and Commun-
ism are to the welfare of the United States of America and
to the World, according to the Bible; also what God intendsto do with Russia, and what we the people of the UnitedStates must do also. The children of Israel had something
to do in connection with the atheism of ancient Egypt.
I will propose a perfect working plan to avoid labor strikesevery yea: when new contracts are wont to be made. I
will show you a way to make new contacts and strikesunnecessary. Many other, helpful plans I have for the
welfare of the United States. This is still democratic
America. Give me your vote and insure me a place on the
ticket. Thank you. -
, r GLADDEN WILLIAM JAMES
on man Ave. I
BOULDER, COLORADO '
For twenty years Evnnldlpt and Missionary-at-Large. _
Also candidate for Conrresl In the State of Penmylnnln.'2A - If/i. '-é- 2% 4'¢ I H _ __ J».
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Baltimore 12, L.-er-gland 4 - _
TOW letter dated IJo.r'0h 22, I950, P103 .: 7" ' - V
been received and I do wont to thank you for ?:oyour hind cements relative to the manner in e v '
which this Bureau has discharged its responsibilities. ' -
- - I appreciate your letting me have your ' *thoughts with regard to making FBI reports available
in certain instances, and I thought you might liketo know that this is not a matter within my discretion;
in accordance with instructions of the AttorneyGeneral of the United States. For your information,however 1' feel very strongly that his policy in this' FBI files are maintained cs confidential ' _ ~ _
regard is essential to the effective functioning of - » .* M
the mr. o _ -
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Sincerely yours, _8. Edgar Hoover _ --
John Ed or Hoover o 5 92 92__ 0 _-' _';I'- ' I .' ,r_1 _ '
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92~ Now comes the matter of F.B.I._reports_]q
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;-~'-*-0 --_ st , ____92 r___,,_ - - M' I-_-,,- - 1,5,; March 22, __ .1,1 ' _-_. - '.wI_» ..-.-'. :_|.-- ,'.__ _ - ' _ -I - - ' :_ ._ _ _- _._;" '' . ~ _ - I |>r§._ _;. -_,, - U". i ,.'__-2" N . i,- . > ". .92 P __r- Hon. Edgar J. Hoover, .f??Q¢¥,f"ffg192 11 Federal Bureau of Investigation,T'g _,,;A ,Washingt0n, D. C. ggigsk 1 ¬Q2§E jgg~. t r r---I ' . _-»__ _ . 1' _ _"L _ r 1
_ _ .' _ 1 I -¢ -_-'._,~_. ._-_;..:_1|,_'92 .,Dear Sir;_,.+g¢e -.H;~ .¢,~_i_r_; », ,,
. _. __ .. .. V, .g_ _,r _ ._wA.HJ
' First of s11, let me congratulate yon Hi{.,_-' and your Bureau on the magnificent i ;@>_S job you have done for many Years 1nC'7*the interest of our great_country;, g '
- Nothing but praisefor_you and your t : T
in the case of the accused personnel i. Qy_in Senator McCarthy's charges. I feel "¢
that Senator Tydings' Committee inve -' gating these charges_shou1d have th 1 ""i
F.B.I. reports on the State Deptofficials named. There is too much
evidence that the Far Eqstern Division .of the State Dept. has acted consistentlcontrary1tq;the interests of the U.S. gHo|1f_ge]_.sg~ g_.an;e:e get the ruthj e_xc_i%t boa ._ by_yqEr eportsb -_ 3 "3/.5:Surelyté Q,-proper" safeguards, you C015make this information-iiailable to the '
Senate Foreign Re1ation3Snbcommittee whoare investigating Senator McCarthy -.~charges._.. - S. .1 "- .~,i g
- Many good wishes and thanks for yo wonderful work. ,i ' ~,i'_.,hHi¢;af -Sincer "' "'
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FROM 1 _p_suBJEc'1'= My ~ F 4498
the strategy of trying to get the committee to agree to let "_ ""'
the Loyalty Review Board review the charges of the cases ,.1.,....M, , 4%-, 1-, ».¢-.q-j 1'H-.:-,- "'--.'**-9 . "1."--'1; r -"*T.".¢r#v.o .v-=3.~ 'f"5i_.:zé§;;;5*~,Z*.te=~":;»l* '5; *7.11*_~<*>1'_jT
1!. Ladd
Peyton Ford advised me that he was going to adopt
involved in 8enator?J£r.;Larthy's allegations and thus take then.
matter out of"the haiTf§_o_f the Committee. He did not
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ls regard to the speculation as to the on e at McCarthy's materialI Itlvile Senator lulcltahon that ycslerclay e gewspsper Q91:-|,
cam sl ts my silence tame te iir. iilehois. l tlforcnei him that she inquires _
as to whether l|lcCss'thy was getting his laformation {rem here sad she was lull -é" -'e".} - ' '_f
that this was a perfectly outrageous question as obviously we would set do and _. ;
then she queried Mr. Nichols as to my rlcsdshlp for McCarthy aa as to any lqlp-Nelly
Republican hsckgmusd and she was tsfqrmed that many at the Senators wars :59 Z.
lldered as my friends but that I hadn't secs llctiarthy for weeks allies le Ill]
happened because l haul purposely refrained [ram being any place where l might ens ~- t
in tact with it Sh 11 ml:-is A that I Ln! been annotated inll Dlnlllo t ' QQB I'll- ' Q Cl. ID Q ._.- _-_-_-- --._ __."-we ...,'-- --_ --v _---- --_ '_-- :. _7.. _-_-.. -_r'-.-_...-_ _.-.. -._..- .._ _'._-_- .-
meal mder a Democratic sdmtnlstrstloa and had served under hath Re lien nil ..Demacrstlc Atterneys General. I advised Senator hlcllshoa that I '_ - 'quite hostile to-ward the am» and eaqlalned to him generally the haste for sans. U
" la regard to the gcnersl assumption that this information was can-stag lrtln _
e Ill l told the Senator Int L too, was vary much pvuaeled as to there its L_ #
was coming tram; that I had certain enspictaashut did not leave urheler hey were '12-
very well founietl. iiuwever. l ststctl them i helleveti Ilearthy ia either aenploysi '"
some ex-Agents cl the Bureau or heel been ta centsct with them. hlchlshaa lierr§el
sue at this plat to state that h he '
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l at tale De rim t. y .ll |::u:§nc.:n:r.aue?!l?e'::uss lflztgsrthy laps?! st-::d he hs e acts all is
was willing to stead er [all as this nae particular ease. he Lsltirnnre Case, Bough
when he was asked ll he ha! actually seas the lllel he salt! so and he iss very - -*'_ .
evasive ea sskeal ll he haul seen photaststlc ceples ti the tile or evldeatlyl; hsl
tslhell with someone who had sees the copies: 5' 5°° '9 u¢c"u*7 11 59 5
ages access to the le then certainly his coenmtttee vault! want access to ue Illa. . H
I . .
I stated very condentially to Senator hlcllahon that last Quadsy atla his hrgadcsst Walter Winchell meatlcastl s teller by the asrne oil-{l.Qe:es: the heu
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said the FBI had Adams la custody and the State Depart-need ordered the_.IBI to
release him and that Adams was a top Russian spy. I stated that this was not
correct et ell; that r-o had not he.-E .ltde:ne tn euetody at eny time; we ea l___.lm t
under surveillance and while he was under surveillance an ex-Agent of the Bureau
went to the New York Journal American and told them the story about A-dams and
they printed it over my protests and Adams disappeared. [further commented .--.
that Winchell ¬in¬e: nee East night end ctated that some we t.-. !=.et-Jngtor. hat
called him for details regarding Adams and he was advised that his information _ .1
on Adams was incorrect, and that it the person in Washington who wisshtng for '_ i_ :-
this information was some Member oi Congress or in a position where they think .
they can use such inforrnation and he did not want to diictote his so-oz-cc ot .- v Y
information he ought to tell them so.- l stated his source was aparty tn New York =
City who. I thought, had gotten it Iron: an e:- Agent and I did not know whether -T
this ex-Agent was deliberately lying or whether by lapse ol time he had gotten -
his memory twisted because these statements were nei true. I stated it was "
merely a surmise hut I felt prohshly the same thing had happened to McCarthy '
and of course as was even possible that somedisgruntled State Department o
employee could he feeding him a lot odstorlss. - ' * K. g _
I commented that staked all on this _
case and I was only assuming It was Lattimore. I stated that when these cases were
d i d to at hth with our A mentioned in the papers they were unnamed an we tr e rn c em
information hut did not know how successful we were and the st first we thoughtMcCarthy was referring in this particular case 1 hut finally
figured it must he Latttrnora. I stated that I felt is case as l id in the Coplon
Case that any material in our tiles should he kept condential: that if one committeewere permitted access to our files then there was no reason why another committeeshould not have access to them, and oi course there was the possibility that they
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might be ulctl as a political lootball. I stated, however, that of com-ac ti thaPresident, who bu the final decision, decides it Ital to be done then tt_l|aa tobe done. I than dlacuned with mm generally the various aspects of our problemI. I ' . -t .'|_ ' ':' - --
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OFFICE OF DIRECTOR, FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION I
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OFFICIAL INDICATED BELOW BY CHECK MARK I 1
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Mr. Clegg ! 7 ¬&y£4 r
Mr. Glavin
Mr. Ladd _
Mr. Nichols '>/
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!Mr. Roaen
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Mr. Belmont m _
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Mr. Renae
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See Me ____i____
Note and Return
For Your Recommendation
What are the fa ts?
Remarks: Q
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THE nrnzcwcn DA"-=Har<=h 24, 1950 _/
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To review? the discussion at an Executive Session of the Senate
Subcommittee, Committee on Foreign Reiations, held on iiarch 21, 1950, :-
under chairmanship of Senator Tydinga. Others present were Senators Green,
Hcliahon, and Hickenlooper of the Committee, and Senator llcarthy. 0'1 a routii
slip attached to a transcript of the proceedings you wrote: "Review at once.
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FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION
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indicated, explain this deletion.
D Deleted under exernptionlsl __ .__ __ ,_ with no segregable
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l:l Information pertained only to a third party with no reference to you or the subject of your request.
{:1 Information pertained only to a third party. Your name is listed in the title only.
l:l DOCum6nt s! originating with the following govemment a.gency ies! .__ . . . .
__ _ . .. _. _. _ , was/were forwarded to them for direct response to you.
_-_- Pagets! referred for consultation to the following govemment agencyes!; am_____4_H___
. .__ o _ _ as the information originated with them. You will
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méyour infonnation:92/ _-- y
e following number is to be used for reference regarding these pages:444 J3-2 Z.-f ,- 4.2%-I, z, f o to
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-1' 1 Dootor or Philosophy dogroo on Jun 1, 1.021. lo Ill ldnlttod 92o tho Blot:-tot of_ . _ Golwhio Bar in 192$, and to tho In York Itltl In in 1921'. F1-on 1931 to H48, __»Y Quinn: o number of u Lat Hm of Parker and Du:-yon, In York Qty. Binoo 1028, In [_ ~{f.,
. bu bun n amber of the Faculty of Oohnbio University at I01 York Ht}. luring j".-' -__ 1926 and 1925, he no Auiltmt Solicitor for iho U. 8: Sooto aportanntu ' In 1928; 1
ho on-wed no Assistant to Elihu Root at an iiontoronco or Jurlatn on 1 Pennant o 7 Court of Intomoenol Justin. In looturod at In Aoodoaq of Iatornntionnl LII ll-
nt the Hagan during 1i?I, and ta 1950, no hp! Ldvhor to_t-he Morton: _!,a1:uu<!or__ ,_3 on Coho, ' Jollup hold din position of Ruins: or the. om» of Pb:-rip: iv11o:_t*= '1 -'the U. I. ?o;>4_;rh==ent or tato rm Pubnury ll Rboombor, 1948. hiring H48, till .1944, ha also on:-rad on Aniltont loorotury Oman! It the Unit lotion! Elliot,-7~;.;-,-.
' and Fokmbtlitatlon Aaaiaiutntton Canto:-onoo out tho Button Hood: Confer-amt-_i -_ Jump 1| u author orxnlaorouo huh outing with Into:-mtiouol Ln-_ ;'._¢-'.., _ - unh , _ _. . - - .. ._. .4 ~n- _.. .._ _ ._ 92.-... lg...» .......#,.,.g,,,.. _ _,_,___,.._,,__,_,,,,F ,_,,,,.__,, ___,,_ _______, .,..¢_-;,,__Jr 1'9_, _'
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_ FDIPA DELETED PAGE lNFDFlMATlDN SHEET
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__ ._ 7 _ _ __ i as the information originated with them. You will
be advised of availability upon return of the material to the FBI.
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[:1 For your information: __ .__ ___ .__ ___g ___ ___7 g__ ___g___ __ ______ _
2/ The following number is to be used for reference regarding these pag§:
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-.»-. -_'____ -_...OFFICE or DIRECTOR, FEDERAL BUREAU or INVESTIGATION
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OFFICIAL 1 ICI BELOW BY CHECK MARK
Mr. Tolson
Mr. Clegg ,___________
Mr. Glavin
Mr. Ladd ____
Mr. Nichols
Mr. Boson
Mr. Tracy
Mr. Gurnea
Mr. Harbo
Mr. Belmont
Mr. Mohr
Mr. Nease
Miss Gandy,,//Av ,/92{,92<" J
I; ' E ~ 7 " T 1* "1
See Me
Note and Return
For Your Recommendation
What are the facts?
Remarks:
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92 .
DATE: March 24 ° I .F J aliig »J£:: R0" = D. H. Ladd .. _/
suslscn f J
For record purposes, it should be noted that I -
attended a conference with you in the office of the Attorne "'"General on the late afternoon of Harsh 23. Also present mi
were Messrs. Peyton Ford and James Hcfnerney. On that
_ occasion, the Attorney General called attention to_the
demand by the Congressional Committee on the President forthe production of the files in connection with Senator E
L'cGarthy's charges of State Department employees. U - A A / '. /v5 J! 7 M -_"L__/I i = ;; ,¢~|-/I' *T6' 61.Tt'lTned very completely and thoroughly yol -Int
position with reference to the production of such files,
that it would be an extremely bad precedent, that in the e
any change was made from previous rules with reference to t
production of files that the matter would continue to plague
the Department and the Bureau on every case that cane up f rdiscussion on the Hill. You further pointed out that eve§£_
President since George ihshington had refused to produce le
and had been upheld by the Courts. The Attorney General indi=
cated that he thoroughly concurred in your views and Hr. Peyto
Ford indicated that he
to Senator Tydings andand the Bureau. Li
/~'
The Attorney General, however, exhibited a note to '-you
which he had received from the President in Florida, which indi- t
cated that the President thought that the position of the Depart- 92
ment in-as peculiar and that he, the President, might have to take some other action. The Attorney General indicated that'in light
of this, he thought that it was necessary to immediately make '92
some definite ruling. Youconcurred and poin ed out t a i eof the essence that a definite positionlshou Q4! 1» dglyand that this position sh?<E&6iR1¬Dmr§gntained.!: 5 : f /" -1, ,4
r .. /' "'_/.'/_,'__ The Attorney General indicate? t?;a.t_gge of three positions
could be adopted; M .. ca 5|, mggw ., ___._ 1;;>8..92I'=1myhad, as previously advised, pointed out,others the position of the Department Eilr
l. H ,1 The Department av-uld make3lhe iles available to1* '/r- 92 . .the C:'ommit't/0'8 in accordance with their r . |/L _{bf 2'. _92 - ,,.T "_' -- _. "-" /"°r_',"<! The Attorney General could, on a confidential basis,
T in Executfoe Session, have the Committee call at his office and
read your summary memorandum to the Committee, after securing -
assurance that it would_be treated in strict confidence; Thememorandum wguld not"be made available to the Committee. M ,___
i / T ' ' e __ y - ;. 92r!~/K3!-92,U'he Attorney General could ash the dorm!-.i;ttee o "92., _ _ 92 92 ____h____ _ MM -W -»,g._ 92..
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they were interested in in connection with
this matter and the Attorney General could prepare a letter back
The Attorney General stated he thought in the light oto the Committee giving the answer to those specific questions:A
the President's letter, it would be necessary that he talk to th
President and make some definite recommendation, otherwise he wa
fearful that the President would be advised by his advisors in
Florida to make the files all available. In view of that, the
Attorney General indicated that he would be inclined to adopt
second, namely, to read the memorandum to the Committee in
Executive Session.
You advised
still the same, that you felt the files should not, under any the Attorney General that your position was
circumstances be made available, that you would defer to his '
judgment with reference to Item #2; that, however, if this was
done, a definite position should be taken that the files would
not be made available
that position be altered once the memorandum had been read to the
Committee.at this time and in no circumstances would
You suggested the desirability of a statement being I
issued by the Department advising of the position adopted by the j
Department and including a statement that the files would not be
made available.!
The Attorney General indicated that he thought this was
a good idea and suggested the desirability of a joint statement.=
During the time that you were in the Attorney General sI
office, the Attorney General received a call from Senator Tydings
who informed the Attorney General that he felt that the adminis-
tration was losing ground in this argument with McCarthy and that
a decision should be made by the Department one way or the other
immediately; that if the decision was that the files would not be
made available, it would be necessary for the committee to request
by the appearance of the
subpoena or by letter
to them why the files
The meetingAttorney General and yourself either
to appear before the Committee and etplain
could not be made available.
concluded with the Attorney General indi-;
acting that he was going to propose to the President the reading
of the memorandum, as set forth in Item #2 above. 1
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Hr. Cheinpu I lpprcciete the op,>ort-mit; of eppea-ring before .
your Ovmittee today, together Iith the Director of the Federel
""2! 1!92.!estige.tion; 11:2 order to étsooss uith you e serious p!'o!__!_l. the!-
.J __ _P. . ' ' . . ._ { heal srlsell Ln the oourse of the investigation thet you are oonductinfJ - _. i» I .
1 pursuent to Senate Resolution I31» There hes been e great deal of
' - s
tel! sboutthe g1io§}92;st!_.onibefors[qur:[email protected]_t_eg_pf loyalty end investi-
etive £i:_e_s__-3-elet-ing to the persons egetnst when Senator iaosz-thy has
nought ehergee of dislogelty. 1 mm thst 1: 1| eel]. that we should
discuss this utter together st this the in the interest of elsrifying
. , | some of the issues. u, "I _" . 5- t' .
I need not remind you that it is only I matter of months since I
myself use e member of that greet bod; of Ihieh this Co.-mittee is I. pert, s "
the United Btetee Beasts. Having bed the privilege of ll! I1n| in the L
Senate, es eel]. es in the Executive Breneh, I en hall; eesre end indeed
extrewely sensible of the degree of oooperetion thet must exist betseel
the legislative em! keoutive breaches of the Government if re sre to
neke our tripartite system of government work. J ' - _ 1 ji~"_/
Gooperetion, however, la but one tscet of the key to the er-lutlol
of our prom. Ir our u-1; -use .;-1..-' 1; to am, esoh brand: suit
elso osremlly svoid enoroeehing noon the prerogatives? the other?-re
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h.n! nu car-11: ll {jg ,»I92 92"..---www w' ---. '-$5.... - _..-L. - L.-1 .1 -* llvlia 7:12.-"-c1;~.= t. 13¢ -I-I Bull! I
Idslnlltrltit of our first F1-caidunt. On !'eh:-any 2-1 lust, the wry
dd; on anion n Santa _agr¢-ad to the Eu lutina undcr thigh this
nit tn in proeuecmg, the In-call lddruln! Proa1dnnt h_sh1n¢t0uru --
rc-ad in tho. Senate _ahr.::baf. 2 ycur at-Lmtlcra tolonq pnngxzph of _:_ _
i!;;!. AQFTGII, M1101; If-}-Btafl on;-92&:¢ 2153 Of 1:310 Cangrssllénli Booorda!" _
tats: the p:~1nc1;1_c| by Ihida II * I:-br92.:ar}' 22, and thih ta no apt.1;,- |
vnmed-.' Prcllihuat hshlngton ltatdi _ . _- 1 . Itaat bl £9
" It 18 lmportmt Ilmewiee, that U10 habits of think-
ug L1 Q {rag Qmzntty Qhould illlpifc mu» in 1-ROI! "
lrdrustod with Ml ldainiitrlti, tr ovnfhzb 9283ilI'- »
ulna within t.';@¢1r re:;eu*.1ve oc:,nt,1t--,.u.oaa1 l;hr0I|
avoiding in the uarciac of the pour; of one dcpap -
aunt, U: nnercach 11;:-on mutton TM lpirlt of nr.aruaoI:92- _* 7
mm. tend: to canmlidate the porora of A11 tbs: depart» _
zent in one, inc time to crate, whatnot the fun of -
gcvermmnt, c re-01 ¢e:.;ot.1n. 1* * I I' If, tr. 1',-ho opia-
lan of 11:10 ,¢.,-1:, tn: dleirlbutlan or l:ocEifil:£'I.1cn <>r
iii eniiiutianil ;5%iTi ks in an; partisu1sr_¥reag;
let it be corractud P!" In aaminmt in the may rhiah
the ccnetztuticn duignatu.--Bui. lat than be no obmga
by uuurpntion; for thaugh thin, in one instance, my be
ts.-0 inatnaont of put, Lt Ll the rntunnry weapon hwhich free governments an dutroyad. Ibo {recount nut
1-Ila!: grtctly overbulmcu tn pn-uncut ed any partial -
or transient benefit Ihih the an cm at any Lima 31014, _ . 1
Prulldmt Inuhtngtcn ups lgalking ftfunjperaonni czgarimeo nriih tho .
rr:-blow: so now have before us--manly, 1 roqusit by a congressional"I1 P
cqjatttco for thu pm-oxiu-etion 0} doozmontl which in the opinion of bhl
hecutlvo brg.-mix ut In hold u;:nfid0nt1a1 an public lnturint.
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niltbl in it: inquiries. 1;-4 ilouui ban-6 its right to Lnnarigatc on its
ocntrvl over the exuenditurc of public manly. Khan tho Cotxitteu asked
the P:-05150-nt for the j.:l;»Ql" misting to tho campaign, ?r¢si:7cni hi-.ir1gi0i_
culled I muting of hi! Gabi.-met. Presunt are Them! Jcffarlcn, Scari-
tary of Etcto, llezundor Hnailtan, £ocrctnr1 pf tpo Tresuvry, Henry Inns,
Eecxotury tf In", Edraond h_1'|do1'ph,. th0_:lttnri1ty 0cnera1§.. '_1'hc. '
dant stats! that ha hnd tailed hi: Cabtnot tamgothurlbtuuuu this run U19
1'11-at dmxlnd on the Itiecutln for PlPt_Xl within his. Or.-1:1-1'01 bo_do*a1rd92 _ .-
thnt in to far no tho action taken Iou1§ constitute a precdlpt, it "k t,
01102116 be rightly aunduotad. President Vnhtngtou radii; arlalttod _
he had no doubt cf ttc prcyriutg of ILnt thu Hcuab was cing, but bl "
rl of I0 secret n ante:-0 thnt thy did aencciu that there "light be pap:
bug-ht not be gins: 119. Tm Proaidant and his Oobinit than to __n umnlpuul
csnuiusion an follows; . _ .V ' t -. ._ - _
First, tut tr-.0; Huuib an an inquest, and the:-oforl
night imtltuta inqnirlel. Beoond, that it night M11
£9: 5-aput! generally! IQ-lrd, that tho !.1e¢-1-1'10 ought
to quaaauniosta ouch papers an the public pod Iruid per»
zit, and ought to refuse their, the diailclurl Of Ihilh
noul lnjurs the PUb11O0 _ T , _ V .;;
the proatdont tho:-0 not by ?I92-eaidont Iuhlngtals aad_::1s.O|:h1n|t_yu _ '
followed in 1796 when he refused to eon;-17 111.1: I ru:-luutlpa ct the O.ll»Q _
at ¥.:;*:r===:-. ...1='.: 2"-q===:te.l. 111:: ta leg peruse ta; Qeuse 1; Q9?! Q!
' the instruction: to tho Uitid Etntta Iiaittcr who negqtigtnd Q trout
w1th*¬-rent Britain, together with tho aorrupondmou Qooussntu N30?-118;,
-. to um. 1.:-Qty. In dooliniug to @5911, !ru$.du1t'll'Ilhl.n¢t,on itntld: '1," .1
7 1; oaaonthl to t-hi duo nduuintntlod of the G-on_rnn_unt thnt 1:.-to b:-xmdariil
find by the Crtstitutlon be.-1;.tel!!;92'-hi virtual dtptrtzontl lhuuhl bu pi-onrvad
a jut regpnd t" the Ctnitltutlon and to tho duty cf my ofeo If I Ii forbids
I can lianct with your respect.
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- It wee bocnule of ouch l1pO!'1B;926Il that Preside-at Ieainitm felt
lled upon_1:fo refer, in hie Farewell Addrels, tn the Llportanu of min-
trining the 1n<-ependenee of our separate brapdaee of OYQI'D§.GB'92e Later,
President Jeffereoa refueef! to allow two embers o_!'_!11e otblnetj Iup9!1__ I
aocwunte at the tile]. ef fe 1823 Preeldent-: V -- V .- ' »* .. ...
eoaplqr with e request erlthettouee of Itepreeentetlvee he tr'mea1t_ to the
House eert-eh: ¢.mm¢.- relating to w; aonduet qt me-Li efticeregl re 1533
I:-eaident Jelckleon refuee to 6OllpIJ Iith '1 Senate request that he eon-unleete
to it e new of e paper purpbrtini to have lmaneeed by his to the heule__e£ ._
_ , __ " '- _- <_ A ._ t
the executive éepnrtnmte relating to the neural at the éepoeite of While _
none; re: the B.-mt of the itetel. In 1985 Preeldent Cleveland
mpprld hie Attorney Beneralh 1-etuealt toeengily with e :_'eao_1l-
_ _ . .- . _
tlau eelltng for éocueeute end pepere relating in the remnl. of e Diet-rllt
- - e - - , .
Attorney. Stella-1:, Ln 181.3, e reeolution of the Home at Rep:-eeentetlvee
ulled upon the Seeretnry of Ier to communicate to the House the report!
Bede to the Q! Depertemt I17 lute COL litlltlbllt relative to the lffeltl if
the Cherokee Iudinne, together with ell. lafereettoa eeumidated by his
Obccmllg the end: diet he Ind been eherged to tnveetigete. he _"
Seerets-ry e! hr edvieed the Bonn that he __eou1.d not eonmnleate 1a£crue--
1.1.... -mu 0.1. Hitchcock hed em-mm 1» mna-m, umm at "um _,
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be green]; uniuat to ue peremu who bed given the intonation. he " -_ .
Buuee, however, .1.1..¢ the right 1» deeuadjrol the nmuh end. mu ' t
if lepertaente Inch infatuation ee any be la tlelr poeeeealon _.
to eubecte of deliberations at the lauee. H-esideht 1-,m_, tn Ae eeeeege
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dated January 31, 181.3, cold in pox-tl
And although infOrl1921-1.0!! ooou oh:-ough 1 proper chunncll.
to on cxcouthc orrtoor, it uy cftcn bc or c chu-out-or to
forbid lto bcing undo public. Tho offtoor chu-god I19: I
confldcnol inquiry, and new rcporu in vault ondcr ~ o
plodgc of oonfidcnoc which hi: oppoiatnmt inplioc, oudziy _ .
not to bc cxpoocd .'md1v1dua.1J.y tc tho rcantuont of thou ;'-_
Ibolc oooduot my bc tnpugnod by thc info:-notion lac colloctcc A. -
Thc kuotlcdgc that such 1-I $0 bc u Ooracqucnll I111 lncviiablf V
prcvont. tho pcrtommou ct ow.» of that chonotcr, and tho-I * _ l
tho Gwvcrnmmt u-in ho écprlvc-6 of an lzportust nconc of il- . -
vcotlgoting thc conduct of its cunts» ' . ' ' '
, Prcsldmt Tyler also dco1;nod to conplyvlth c rcooluttoa of tho if
Bounc of Roproaontotivcl chick M1106 upon hi: and tho hcaclc 01' dcpmrf-Ina
_. ._ c . ,- ._ _4 K
to fumich information rogr.r4-lfl-5 luck ncabcrc of thc 2611: no th Goa.-yccscc
cl lm! op;-alico tor offloc in tho oxcoutlvc brooch. lo so "mm, Prcqlmt
. .| ,| AT11» ,o».¢m _ _ " .- '- '_ o
Application: for office crc in thcir Vary ngturc
oonfidcnt-hi, and if the rcoconc assigned for cud:
oppllootlons or thc nous or tho applicants Icrc nonma-
lostod, not only would such taplicd condoncc bc unholy _ - -
dolotcd, but, in addition, It ll qultc cbvlouc that c lul -' '
of ngno, Lnoohcrcnt, and pcrcancl In-tcr would lac ado pd»
. lio ct c not ooncmoptloo ofytinc, coocy, and troublc with -
- out nocvqpllshlng or tnmding in cm nancr to acoocplilh, ll
11- cppcara to ac, my uacful. cbjcct. covmcctcd lit]: c coil -
and conatutionol odninlctrctlon of tbc Govcmccnt ll IQ
of lti hmnchclv 4 , o "
In Q judgacnt c. colplionnc with thc rccoliatlou Ihl '
ha: boon tnncnittod to ac would bc 1 lurrcndcr of Gatlcl - ' _
mu! powarl which tho Constitution an oonrorrcd cxclualnly
on tho hoouuvo, and thoroforc cud: couplimoc an not hc '
Inll Ev ac nor by tho hood; cf Dcocrtuontc ty qy 41:-cuticle .
fhocc crcooly c fcu 0.! thc lpcrcocdlclts ta bc foond thc ;__
ctitutionul history of our Goya-naootg nay uorc could be rcforrcd in .- _
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Although I hum naatloned oral; a few of thu precedents, I night add
t-hrt n1;o;t. every Pruidmt. hu found it necessary at son time during hit
adulnirtratian to decline, for reasons of public pulley, to furnish loaf!»-
duntlnl pip?! to oaniroaaloml ocanitcon The mm but rm-pepsin! x,
" 1 |,, . , ..
thin conatltutionni |IIll'0!92~1Y& of thn Chief lxopntlvo and the grai v
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and £1100 rolatlvo ta the prop-u bu proaorvod ll
atrict confidence. this in nounaary in the 1atarni' ~ * *- .. at our nutlaml new-iv and ultra, $0 pron:-10 tho _ .oonrideutlnl oharmt-nr um sou:-on or Lara:-nation u-_ -=-' ' '>'
¢!1n=-.m1mt.1on of uufomdod or diam-and allnptionl. It _.
disposition of 101: ! Gnu; _ J _ - ._;:-1 _"' ' - "V " -" .-._ . . _
- for than rascal, and 11 naoeotdmoo with tho 1eng- f -"P
utnbllnbad policy that report: rcndcrod Iv t.ho_!'ods:n1 "
hronu of Invoatigatlon and other lavoatigutin agcnattl I
or the oxoeutin branch an to he regarded an lonfldmf
tinl, :11 reports, hoards, and £1100 rulntln to tin .I.oyu.1t.y of oaplayou or prospaatin layout lncluélng *'apart: at ouch lannlgativa q.n.1$§, shall be his- F;
Nina! in condence, and dull not In trunittmd or 610- J
- aloud uupt no roquh-ad in the nfut-Int induct Q1
Imhm» » >
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At the tin of tannin; this dirootin, the Prontdm specically
rater:-ad to sou of tho prevalent: that I Ian nlatiuaod 92h1a_a!tomocaé_
ma 00110-d particulaf nttlntton to u sound muons or public puq
roqulriag the uutnmoj of has confidential status innit; Lila
Rn Pr0a1n£ rotor:-06 tn an opinion tendon! W ulttonq Slain}. "
Jackson at 5 Has dun, at tbs dis-ooticn 01 h-uldnt Ioouvoh, bl ' _92
declined u furnilh nrtaln ripoo at the nan-1 Datum at
instigation to tho loan Ovaittu on Ian! mt:-in, u follows: _
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rushed, and to protect nnrnunt plraonnol against tho - _1_-3; _. ,
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V Dieclr-s..re of the re=.c~rts emzld nct do otbez-wise
then aertouely prejuoe ll.-I e.nf'or¢:e".er.t- C-unael for
e defendant or -=r-:~:=;»eez1ve defendant, muid have an{renter hel-~ then Us knee how mach er t.-we little 11J'r-r-.1e-
tlon the Gv_*-10l'l'L"P.unt nee, end want ritne-sell or en e _
of information it een rely u;-on. Thie ie exactly whet I F
these _:~e;»1_-.1-te ere lrztmded to osntein. _. 1 -~ ; -
Bisalos-are cf the trepc.-rt: at this 7: rtteuler tine x
would elea prejudice the netionel defenee and be 0! ~ ' , ;
aid end eemrort tc the very subversive elm-ente egeinet '-
ehieh you with to ;.-roteet tee eountq. For this re-neon V -t
we hue rude extrecrdizery efforts to eee that the re-
eulte of eeuntereepionego ect-ivitlee end intwliigonee ' , <1
ee*iv11.iee of this ntplr1.I1¢nt 1r:V:=1Y1Til thou eleeente ' _ _.,; kept within the fewest ;ceu1b1e blade. 1 catalogue ,
of pet-some uner tnventigeticm er eue; leioa, end whet ee 2,
*--.:- at-"rut thee, ==:-ale. be rs! meet:-able eel-vie! te I lull I
foreign k§'I"nG18l! and infnrmetien whieh eould be lb
need ee1.:-at be ton closely guarded. ' _ t - . - '
{ .' 1inreover, diielosure cf tne repute mule! be of ' -
eerioua ;'~re,1u:.1ee to the future uuftlueel of the Fed-~. -
erel Bvruau cf Investigation. he you probebly knot,
much of thin 1z.f<.~rr.et1=~n Le given in ccnfi-;e:::e end
an only be obtained upon gledge mt to dtaloee ite
aaureee. :. <-lisaleeure cf tree mu:-eee eagle err-hsrteee
- 1 informants--eozwtiaee in their eepleyaen , easetneee .
in their ec-ciel reletlone, end in 1111.-al canes eight e
even endenger their liven Ie rlgel the tlllf of e
fexth with Gnnfilntill intonente ee en inelepeneeble
condition of future effieieaqe _ V
Dieoloeure at tnfnraetlon eenteine in the re» _
ports nifht else be the gmeeeet kind cl injustice te
ianccent 1:=.d1ei692.:el=i Zaveetigetive 2e,"-erte Lnelude '
lea:-le and eve;-ieione, end aoeetlaes even the etete-- _
eente of ulieioue or eleinforeed pec,-;.=1e- Even though
Ieter end e==re oouplete re;-orte exonerate the indivlihzele,
the use of partiwler or eeleeted re;-orte eight eenett- f -
tute the greenest lnjuetiee, ené we eii knee tint i " - t
eurreutlen never cetehee 9;» elm en eccusatione __ _
hi h thie Committee hie requeeteé, their dtecloeure Iith reepect $0 fl- I e _ -
-ou:a,'1 t eeeese tn ac, aeriouely in,-elr the e.'.'e:'..ive:-.eeu of the Employee
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not 1=;~<~==m§, r<-r an; rm-.11; Dunn; of Inveatlgatién u; pétrpra 1si"3"'~f'
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LI-'&'PIBf.i;at1Ye uticl. The federal Bureau 01' Illvttlf-1-gt!-10H ct-l=¢!92=¢iiI I11
inv 52151:!-inn! un-er the l1p1.oyee Loyalty Prawn. I.c;_-11 ty lna, thera-
£¢.r¢, "1 fr! all practical pu!';;O:>¢I !.B.I. mu. Hr. Beaver is hltft
uavlnh 5-14 hnn hdh-7 Pr--F Q11-nr vnnrn- nf Lhi g nil!!! --.,.. . ...- --- -.7..- ..-- --.' ,-----, -- -.--- - '_ -
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effect. that would In caused by thodd;so1'oa-ure 0! __$uu_.'n f'i1el.__ I know
no one butter a;-.11 icd to speak on this subject.-_ I an-. in thprougiz pl-
cord with his riot! in thin r¢gnrd- é
It is my upifaion--fer t:u:_ rcr scan itatezi-that 1c~ya1f.;- and investi-
92gstln 1'11 unouid be pruorvo in If-tlct onnfblmon.
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-----~ ~ ~ am.1.mo»~5'?-K4-J" Fl -' ' I Na. NICHOL ' _ _. . ' p
I called he Attorney General to give him the results oI_my eontrereattoee Iwith Senator Joae;£1_1cCarthy. I stated that I-IcC arthy said Senator Tydinga made
t the'iloor that I was to--appear there on Monday afternoon and that a statemeu on _ V
information had been out that I would he there to express my views as to the release
t but that I didn't oI the Illes. I stated that I told McCarthy that that was correc e
know It had been announced: that I understood Lt was a condential shatter at the '
present time. The Attorney General was then informed that McCarthy asked me
II I was going to discuss the ties and I said [was not and Ithea laqiaired cl him
as to where he had been getting his lnlortnatton. about the so-called top espionage '
agent. I commented that McCarthy stated he could not disclose where he at . .
'_hut said it came I:-om every reliable source at which I remarhed that l was ' I
hue bee-nun we eartetalv did hot have get information. I advised the Attorney D-wcj 1-owe--@ v-- _-1 v ' _ _ h _ h
aneral that I remarked to McCarthy that I was just wondering ti he was getting
atertel onhim Ill -- streight tntormatioa or it someone was plarztiag some phony In
trying to get him out on a limb. I stated that McCarthy insisted his inlormatiola
eras very reliable and I luggested to him that it might be s good idea for him to
get it in atlidavit Iorui. I told the Attorney General that McCarthy than asked me
th Iiles would he made available and I told htm I did not know: that at II I thought e
the present time they were not avatlahle to atyone and commented that the opinion
em -nae-a-1» can warm mp" knngl. . _l AL AAA.e¢ae_-he f'_¢.-a---I an a-Q1 Ll an-eu Amen I1 lVI 92B¬ IKIIUSHG, 92-IIIIIIIII I_I III;-0 II use are-res ae -nee aaeuvvwn --- ---I ---- -_' -I stated that McCarthy told me he era: going to keep on asking for be mes and I
told mm that was his perogative but I wanted him to he sure he was on the right
and to e him to he very sure at his allegations and accusations. I stated1.11F
. 1 '
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I
. 92
92
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that I mentioned the question oi Ieseup in;and that I had told McCarthy are had no such inloruaatioézrnut he. McCarthy, stated 92
he had the information £1-om other sources and I had e ented Idid ootheow whoelse would be investigating Lattimore. I further stated that the Senator indicated 92
he was [din] to make, some statements over the iieh-ei %it he hé "ass92r92a"""':at theumcmneement by Senator Tydings was Just ertndow dressing; that everyone knew
d sills edhimtoheverysuraolhts what I thought about he tiles. I state I eg 3 7irges before mekiaq them. The Attorney General was in a eemeat with thlzi
.._
2
-:'92-
I92ohI.I_____,_
1';-* I MAR301950 -e
" . T7" ~ John Edgar Hoover 3I. 9/ :=. I1-4T1-'. ' --rd-.1. Ilztactor 2/
.| _ . . _,.. .-.. _-.,,__ _ U. _ In . _ _h.-L' " sr "5- '-Y i"';'.-4;I=-::? §i-'+.1t--A:*Y. * . trale
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4- L1 I; -_ L '.~_'1:Z.¢'92.- .t/ :1--..~-* '.7~T*'~c';-" J V TracyF bo I. '
I W '__.. V V 77 777 7 l
" e _ e e. Room5 0 N0P@"mg w Fllé? 9/ ..:;:.';
. 92/ " By Marqui Childs _ ' u
7 ' " ' .' ..'~_:' , -I
.._. I 4-5 I II'_'l'_._ II no 9 a I'
" 9 v" f'1L§¬U'. 110006! Test "s'Efr§:5n'fI92 a* " " at .H¥»-9-hi
lcCarthy beginby ¢h=rsinsin 11'iS1ll§Tioliticafieech that there were 207 card
Q I1; members oi the Comlhtlnlst Party in -~- ~-
partment. When
he used this
same speech a
little later in
Nevada, the g-
ure 297 had been
crossed out and
57 written in.
Up to the mo--.i_he State De-_. t . a
1 4:;
» 'fi,T ~I. ';'o
5 swab =_:,t>=- .- --if .,_... _,92- - '- I cs ~
lnent of thisrriting it has,ot been estab- Ch-ildl
' llshed on the basis of McCarthy'sEesenmtton that there is or
er was a Communist Part
member in the department. Thi
is a fact that should not be l
sight of. _
It becomes doubly trtmrtant i.-
vicw oi the speech of Republi-
n Chairman Guy George/gabrlelson at Lincoln. Nebr."' That speeT:h lends considerable
Oitriai party backing to the Mc-
Carthy line. it reiutes those who
have been saying that he is act-
; on his own while the party
f sdcrship looks on worried2 out the next move their ir-
Pipnsible prsnkster may malt1] Gabrielson says. "We have um
long tolerated communists; , ,
within our Government." H
IIYI. "We must drive them out!
This goes quite a way toward
MIR-in: it official.
Now this may be good politics.
Gabrielson directs the same kind
or attack against Americans for
Democratic Action, which has
BM 1 hlshlr etiective spark
Plug of the Democratic Party,
The elections this fall willMme measure a teat of U11
'_nti-Communist. anti-socme oi the GOP. NBU1_t1_1|_ere are other consider-
lTlT.3i' that overshadow Hie but-
come of the next election or
even the election aiter that and
after that. The iuture form oi-
this Government is conceivably
at a'ta.lte-concepts and traditions
lolng back to the founding of
' our system.
Republican Senators are den
is-ending that wnildential dieoi the executive branch oi thi
Government be opened to Sen?
a inspection. Even thongpnsumably this would be done
in executive session, the material
i in these ilies WOIIIG certainly be
I leaked. A concept preserved
since the time of George Wash~
ington would have been de-
stroyed and a dangerous prece-
dent established.
=-tics- si_e. .he e!5,gi_ent function-
iFgi oFjhe Federsl*Burgau oi
mvestistion woul -- il"~ d.
ven though he is reluctant] an
iwony on matters oi uhlic -. ¢
mt
on = I rec or J. Edgar Hoover
§1W1nes.
'1MBJ
that opinion would be. Th
kdith Qoglon. Tlviigs gp'1q|-|'|
torneys Frsuadgi the jug,_ at t e BI tiles should
en _
les were spread on the recor
Hoover made a strenuous p
test to the then Attorney Ge -
it'll. Tom Clark. He pointed outter the rst three or to i
that sreloua injustice was being -
done to individuals by putting-qunder public gnu hearsay andrlgilntltz-the raw material 0! the
.1: Ill :nei:ntended only for mu-
-iidentlai use. He also pointediiout vdth great emphasis that if
this practice were to be followed
in other cases, the usefulness of >
the FBI would rapidiyllimiz -
-
-/0 '-- . H15 5-APR 7 use1
I
tTrélhey may want. to have theirquen refused so they can say
iAT run nut curing-...uIs1..n
ndlrbZ'|"Zi:alIed.'the Department
oi Justice went so far as to sul-
gest that it it came down to
making the lies public in rela
tlon to vital evidence in th
ease, the evidence might be
yithheld. That is a measure
how seriously the FBI took
action. t
It may be, of course, that the
Republicans do not really want
e condential tiles opened.
at the reiusual cloaks the guilt
of individuals, who have not
been successfully tagged as
"pro-Communist" by random ac-
eusatlons.
But it the request is granted,
those who have forced the deci-
sion should at least have a cleqnude;-ganding of its immedistiand ctical consequences. 'lh'
man who can make that umn
takahly clear is FBI DirectoHoover. ' '
As was pointed out in this
space, his opposition to the
Smith amendment attached to
the National Science Foundation
bill was stated in a letter sent
to Congress by _the_ assistant to
the Attorney General. That
amendment would make the FBI
detective, policeman. indie an
ury. Hoover gave it as his'op
n that the !'BI does not Iv
I were which would create
state police organisation."
The raw material of the F
nles may be compared to a news-
paper reportefs notes. Material
that cannot be veried or that ts
plainly libelous is not included
in a news story. Government
must be permitted the same ra-
sponsibility of privacy for the
re-.e mete-rial ct confidential Gov!
alasnanidnvestigationsa-924
/1
/::..£;?
9 .
"5 APRF, lggfi
Page
Times-Herald
$3 ilash. Post
lash. Rees __
Wash. Star
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FEOTI: E19. Delhi
rotary of
LO: 22;, _rcn 29
nEEH5TEL 3bT, K 4
Only Jne rare G1 ..[_ .90:,r. -- FBu: 0; Nagpur comm Li .
"'92-building wp 32Ti*u.mH
streurtnsx L5 QiE1O
Rec tdat q: not reao
repeatedly irauncev
REVEP to lezra US
wrivate - fervwise"
T:,ve1f'~' Li .. _.l .
h
DG1LcT 5 Lrpnw] can
ct wave 0" ant -Revs- .1
£D@3DJCJC . ¢PTi. , _.__..A___ .. ____ _ _
2' P-'17-'
[~L4-191 on LcCQ' ;y charges. Rita _
rcoa71 03 ersu" who was patiently
aunist front 1L Asia will not
ngy Tc the Rcpuklicans all i;
tibnarg. Democratic Party has
cpvblcans but they determine?
hasscs Rat so Ruck enamoured 0Q
as Republicans would have it.
ncw tnfcv fire ané apparenly
1y is to try to return to K 2"
ign, qxti-Ccmnrnist hysteria
reaoticngry veterans; Loyalty shawl
k; if gb.¢ ,;g:31cg$ egpiogees will jll little tore-_¢__-7 7 77 77 - Y 7
_.! _ '1 lieceiv-_=l11 U, we Stem; llepirtmip._ 1|r- .. aisonc annesmcumma mzennm
nsmrmzur or smc-mvnsucm or coiiiniiriii:_A"1'%it"§ls AND nsconns TELEGRAPH ammcn
Control l33## '
Rccd March 29, 1?50
11:28 a.m.
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I 92.
[email protected] -_ ~
e--Oié Nlemommlum - UNITED STA; .i0VERNMENT
to = MR- 1;I<;110@¨ . DATE: 3-21*-50 l
FROM , F. c. soL1gmu_ n_
92L/,SUBJECT: ROBERT J. MORRIS
/ ' 92 =» WI-§;_:g__'_ i--~
---1921-w
ii- ; /uif In regard to the letter from Senator Hickenlooper regarding thet proposed appointment of Robert J. M0:-ris as Assistant Counsel to the Investi-
I tion Committee ursuent to our instructions I called ASAC Whelan in New__ BE P F,. York regarding Morris and he advised that he was a member of the Iaw Finn oi
7 Hochwald, Morris and Richmond who have offices at HO Exchange Place, iiew YorkCity. He stated that Morris was a New York secretary of Congres Qoglert andwives formerly s secretary for Congressman Coudert when Coudert ms%m or at
which time he was engaged in Oonnmmist investigations. Morris was a Lieutenant Com-O mander assigned to the Third Naval District, 0.N.I. assigned to Ccmmunist Investiga-
_ tions during World War II. Whelan stated that Morris was a member of the "Antiis-_ Communist Intelligencia" of New York. M
A rsonall known to Agent _who stated that Morris Morris is pe y
_ -has alwajrs been most cooperative with the Bureau and holds the 1-e..I. in highest esteem. Whelsn stated that no investigation had been made on Morris and there was" §-nothing derogatory concerning him in their files. u.,.._,.i1__
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received a talcphonc cpl! {rem Senator Josc@_$1{§¬I?: §a_;i._I:1_;'¢qu¢at£n3' .A to u. ma ma um mm him an of aoui-;é'f'~wu1a be 318! 1» In 92_ _him and apnk to him, or anybody also u! hopped by at any time. .
I told lthc Attorney General that McCarthy and he would conio dawnthin aha:-naon and I wondered ills, u Attorney General. I01-I14
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_- perhaps icould g!v§ him some good advice. I Gold the ttomty ' = . "-~ Gene:-11 um 1 would cull mm acr 1 an Ina Senator McCarthy. . V
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Attention: ABB:tlgizl»* '
Memo dated 3-30-50 to the Attorney
eneral forwarding copy of letter
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. In view of o or recent appearance before the -Subcommittee or t1.c 'S:n8.b9 Cqq1n1__;_t§_e_9__g; _39ro "
on the matter of the T:"6Fii<i'eot1a1 nature of the I ea - H
this Bureau, I thought you would be interested in neceiving 1
a oopy_ of e letter sent to me by Judge Ihouae J. O'Connor, y ,
Court of Cannon Pleas, Luca County, hie. I * ,
I think you will agree that Judge O'Connor: lei-ht '- _ _
is highly appropriate, Ind because of his 'erpe.rienoe and = » -position, his rien are worthy or note. A - - 1
Respectfully, I
1, 115;: Hoover I
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John Edgar Hoover
' Director .
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hi. 1 ttor to ou thin morning utterI am motivated to writ: t. n 0 yitiunl who com,,__,=, _nmmroul diacunionn with namborl of the Bar md other 0' <5 I f e1 certain that you will concurln than idoli-
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JUDGII CQURT OF CQMMQN PLEAS 7 8'. _' PPAUL V. ALEXANDER LUCAS COUNTY. OHIO V &- ,,____
O0-IN CAI! I k .5"»-e__iJJ D. BY
THOMAS J. O'CONNOR II.
HARVEY O. ITIAU. inc!4°;-|N y|r_ 5-|gcKi1'1' -_ ml B&b° "!'Iu-5.,-."- *'+-:e.._, _
ll lblznong _,__March 25, 1950 1... . --_'§_'_""
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IlaHon. J. Edgar Hoover, Director, ,/ Q '~'-=-Federal Bureau of Investigation, 1 -E, """" "reel
Washington, D.C. _ -
Dear Mr. Hoover:
From January 1933 to January 1937 I served as
Assistant Prosecuting Attorney in this County, and in January 1937
and up to February 9, l9L3 I served as Prosecuting Attorney of this
County. On February 9, l9L3 I took office as Judge of the Court of
Common Pleas, and am now serving my second term of six years; I was
born in this city in 1891 and have resided here all my life, so thatI am personally acquainted with a lot of people. 17¢
Daisanauiiiunng
While I was serving in the Prosecuting Attorney's
office I was interviewed many times by agents of your department and
also agents of the Treasury Department and the office of United States
Postoffice Inspector. During the course of these interviews I was
questioned about certain people who were under investigation, and I
answered those questions truthfully and gave the interrogator such
information as I had, some of which would be supported by legal evi-denge and some of which was based upon what we know in law as hearsay
evi ence.
According to the newspaper accounts of investigations
now being conducted by the Senate and House Committee, demands have
been made for a disclosure of the contents of the files in your de-
partment and even a production of your files.
I am sure the American people have complete confidence .
in the Federal Bureau of Investigation, and I am very much disturbed
about the result of a disclosure of the contents of your confidential
files, and as a responsible citizen I feel certain that you will re-
sist and positively refuse to lay your files open for the inspection
of any member of Congress, whether he be of the House of Representa-
tives or the Senate. I know from experience that your Department
has persisted in preserving the confidence of those who have been
interviewed f.om time to time. On the other hand, if it should be
determined that your files are available for inspection, I an f rse ' ' ,. .. *-much difficulty in investigations by your agents for the4Q!>§a1?'1¬]-,1 3't"/reason that citizens will be hesitant to talk when they ea iz t e
danger that at some time or other their names or their reports may bemade public. !HZ ORD]J'_T| '
o-.-s.--nil '2. _ I__I am motivated to write this letter to fou thi morning
after numerous discussions with members of the Bar andiother c tizens
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Lucas Couwrv. Or-noJUDGII
JOHN M. nu: CA5:
PAUL. w. ALEXANDER
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-n-coma! .|. O'CONNOR
HARVEY G. IN!-92uI
JOHN W. HACKITT
who come into my office,
in these ideas.N PLEA5
TOLEDO. OHIO
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and I feel certain that you will concur
finceiefigyours, ii? ¬3i Z2 MAAJrt!
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In the 26 years during which I have been privileged to serve as '
Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, I have always maintained the
view that if we were to fully discharge the serious responsibilities imposed
upon us, the confidential character of our files must be inviolate.1~ ' I 7 "Ii T'L" ' In
A cardinal principle of success for any agency having a responsibility
'1 {+ "h'1'l~I+v +r'92 nonnrn 1 fnnnnfinn "Pm Rn +hn+ Ii; magi; be for investigations .s .ce aciiie, to uvvnav in.-.m_c--_. -- _- c _e, -
able to maintain confidences. Any person furnishing information must have the
security of knowing that when he furnishes information on a confidential basis,
he will not at a later date find that confidence broken. When that occurs, the
ability of the investigative agency to discharge its responsibilities in the
future is materially lessened.
The public record clearly proves that the FBI because it does maintain
confidences has been able to develop valuable sources of information which have a
direct bearing on the internal security 0! the nation. I need refer only to
§Q¢ 1.6-an J-nn+'l-Pia-i n'l1:wnn Fntnu-n1In'I92J$§92-I? _Ll92l Q-l¬ §J-LT 92'&?@ 92IZ uIr-osxm - ~ J }.'.:.-23¢-17'!leaders in New York last summer. Seven of the ' risk thei ives as
undercover employees of the FBI.
The question oi opening the files oxbelpgéénglves a grave matter
' i|i9292of principle. In taking the position that the 'file3oL& j!BIJshould remain
--P* p 1' Iinviolate, I would not, of course, presume to discus£*92les other g11an- thoaé; of_._.1~. ._-I ...-..4.-.._.-0..-¢..._¢¢.... 1'" _.-92-..--._._.,_ --¢..~_.._. ,_ , , _ __
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particularly in security cases, they contain not only backgroud data on the
individual but details of his private life which hear upon the investigation.
In these files also are the identities of our confidential sources of information
and full details of investigative techniques. In short, they consist of a running
account of all that transpires.
'" receivedA file is maintained in each case because
information, allegations, or a complaint which if proven comes within the sphere
er our responsibility, in pursuance of either Congressional or Executive
Directives. After the investigation is completed, when indicated by Department
procedure or Judgment, a summary of the facts developed is furnished to the
Department of Justice or United States Attorneys. In other types of inresti*
gations, the reports of Special Agents are submitted to the interested agency of
the gpvernment. Details and iniormation dealing with administrative operations
and confidential sources of information remain in our files. The contents of
these files were never intended to be disclosed and, ulese we drastically
change and circuscribe our procedures, they should not be disclosed.
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The discloshre of tho contents of the files of the FBI would reveal
confidential procedures and techniques. If spread upon the record, criminals,
foreign agents]'subversives, and others would be forewarned and would seek
methods to carry out their activities by avoiding detection and thus defeat the
very purposes for wnicn the s created. Each exception undermines
principle, establishes a precedent, and would inevitably result in a complete
collapse of a traditional policy which has proven its soundness.
A disclosure of FBI reports would reveal the identity of confidential
sources of information end, if it did not place the lives of such persons in
actual Jeopardy, it would certainly ruin their future value and effectiveness.
The disclosure of FBI reports would make otherwise patriotic citizens
reluctant to furnish information. Already, as a result of some unfortuate
disclosures of our files in court proceedings, our Special Agents frequently p
are being told by persons from whom they seek information that they *
to be interviewed for fear the information will be misused by some agency other
than the FBI,
In the conduct of official investigations, information of a highly
restricted nature having a direct bearing upon national security often finds
its way into the files which, if disclosed, would be of considerable value to a
foreign FJVEI. Increasingly, we have observed efforts of a foreign power to
seek intimate personal details concerning many of our leaders in Government and
industry They should not be aided by having these details made public for the
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printable material from the uprintable. The files do not consist of proven
information alone. The files must be viewed as a whole. One report may allege
crimes of a most despicable type, and the truth or falsity of these charges
may not emerge until several reports are studied, further investigation mde
and the wheat separated from the chaff.
I, for one, would want no part of an investigative organization which
had the power of discretion to decide what information would be reported and whet
would be omitted. An item of information which appears unimportant today may
provide the solution of a case when considered with information received at a
later date, or it may later establish the innocence of the accused.
Should a given file be
than concerns the subject of the
of circustance entered into the
wrong. Bo publicize their namesdisclosed, the issue would be a far broader one
investigation. Names of persons who by force
investigation might well be innocent df any
without the explanation of their associations
would be a grave injustice. Even though they were given an opportuity to later
give their explanation, the fact remains that truth seldom, if ever, catches up
with charges. I would not want to be a party to any action which would "smear"
innocent individuals for the rest of their lives. we cennot_disregard the fuda
mental principles of common decency and the application of basic American
rights of fair play.
The FBI has the obligation, within the scope of Federal law, not only
to protect the rights, lives, and property of our citizens, but also to protect
the confidential relationship of the citizen when he patriotically serves his
Government by providing information essential to our security.
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FBI reports set forth all details secured from a witness. If those
details were disclosed, they could become subject to misinterpretation, they
could be quoted out of context, or they could be used to thwart truth, distort
half truths, and misrepresent facts. The raw material, the allegations, the
details of associations and compilation of information in FBI files must be
considered as a whole. They are of value to an investigator in the discharge of
his duty. These files were never intended to be used in any other manner and the
public interest would not be served by the disclosure of their contents.
' In taking this stand, I went to reiterate - a principle is involved.
I would take this same stand before the Attorney General, as I already have, or
before any other body. The fact that I have great respect, confidence, and s
desire to be of assistance to a committee of distinguished Senators, however, in
no way detracts from a principle. I say this because I do not want any
misinterpretation of my remarks, nor do I want it said that this and other
committees of Congress do not have my respect and confidence. I would be
derelict to my duty, untrue to my conscience, and unworthy of my trust to take
any other position.
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Your letter dated March 2?} 1950,
has been received and I do want to thank you
for your kind oonnente-' ;j . -'- _J
I appreciate aleo your letting ll '
have your views on the eubject you mention,
and it occurred to ae that you night like to
read the encloeed copy of my etatement before
the Subcommittee of the Senate Committee on
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received. Iou may be cure that I appreciate your
confidence in the FBI.
_j I am enclosing a copy of my statement beforethe if t§_-_:_;-_+j_-_r-:.~.e of the Senate Committee on ForeignRelations which contains my views with reference to the
files of the FBI.
8£ncere1y yours,
I . ldgar Hoover
- John Edgar Hooverg ,,¢" DirectorOEn 1o{ure__ -, _- _-J-7 ;.._-_ _ _ _ .._.. ---._ __
HOTE: January, 1950, a card was received ;rcm orreapondent,who congratulated the Director and stated no hE?cs; pe sonshould fear wire tapping if the evidence is not admdesi ein court as evidence." .3 u = L
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which I thought you night like ie E61-'80
Sincerely L'°'-""1 7
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John Edgar Hoover. Director A_ . 92i ,02 i
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_ _ _ March ,27th.,I950.
Mr. Edgar Hoover _ _1
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l- Dear Sir! _
II have been following Sen.McCarthy's
Communist accusations to our State Department people. I have
my own deductions of all this. It m.y not interest you but as
9292 a loyal faithful citizen of this good old U.S.A I feel it my J' 1
privelage to write what I think. .
92 I Hurrah for you not allowing y92 I
_ be interviewed by the commies a thing they are after.
9292'!Here is what I believe. No one loyal
American citizen is going to stir up such accusations_4n_¢
1 unless
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they are well planed obversive schemes laid by others to him
to put across. No man would defy all America for such accusations 5'
as he has made unless he feels losing faith with his country
people is done for an orgin;zation that has_made him feel he
_ will foreiver be a hero doing for his cause if it means < E '
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or even death if he carries on for 1 ostracization , anniliation _
of SEN. HcCarthy. I believe he is 1
in U S A Who betterxo iiihiijl. . . uexposes than the head man himself? Who would be fgQiéa§2%:;}Z;;?- i-_ED -32 ;i;7 " r _ RECORD 'suspected? The head himself. ziiérso .
Where would the communistsjiry to overthe cause. This is my idea
- - the head of communists here
}b;'throw our govennment but in the most bmportant to us and the
44 . .,92§_JWorld?.Our State department. It is destroying the other part <SéA4&§
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World. They do not want war as much as they want time to
--1
undermine our very government workings and our relations with
other counties. L i 44 89
We better demand Sen. Mo Carthyls arrest and nip "__
it in the middle o£ his dirty work, anyway a thorough investigati0/
of all his moves would be a fine act and do it swiftly.
I would like to see his expression when he would be accused of
being the communies head man. My hobby is to read expressions.
He should give enough away when confronted with his being the
head man. I bet you would hear loud wild retorts along that
line. That would be your answer. For a truly good U.S.A person
would of course deny but not rave and rant.Why would he be
having others investigated if he were one? There you have my ;.
theory. No one would expect the head man to be the accuser. ,_
Why is he pulling all these people home to accuse
them? To stall for time and get their dirty work in where these ;
men were going. To defame them and the U.S.A. To underground.
Some years ago I nursed at a home in an apartment 7
building in Pittsburgh. The people on the third floor were '
commies. I found that out by facial study. I saw truck loads of
hbooks going out from the home . A large book about8by I0 inches
and about Ewo and a half thick. A white book with large red _
letters. "When Russia rules the world." This was Just before
the second World war.
They have been planing long before the Kaiser or
Hitler ever thought of so doing. The devil is very clever. I
He moves slyly and smoothly. Better if the other side did sdin
their good way. We better awake before it is'too late. Read
your Bible on the fuo.!QQ,oi' the world afterr the flood. It is
all recorded there. It behaves us to read and learn. At this time
» ~ . - A. r - - W .-. . -.-. ?. , ' _. I -Wllilwq ll
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faceqd with conditions there-in stated. Our dible can be our guid.
to save us"only we must awake and use it. The solution is all .
in the Holy pages. Wla-.,__,... y. ..92._ . ........a...4.- 92 . -~- M___
4 l -
0
The communies are laughing up there sleeves how aw
asleep we are. How they are putting it over on us. The flying
disks are no mith to me. They are real. They are what I have been
suspecting. Russia is a few Jumps ahead of us. They are her
work. She planed and used her means for it while we gave her
war supplies so she could save hers for us later. Of course at'
the time this could not be seen. It grieved me to see us as her
allies. , _
The flying planes are a Russian devise very
cleverly made up. They have something in those planes so when -
they are seen,as they can see our planes, they explode and throw *
a mist between them and a plane to make their get away.
They are not from other planets. The mist between
the other planets will stay there until God does.His wonderous *'
works of taking it away so we can go there and they here. I T a
believu we are not necessary to fPegr they to us only when the
World is destroyed for wickedness as it once was by water,th1s
time by fire. Those saved will go to one of the unhabitated
planets. No those Flying saucers are only a new type of plane
the Russians are using to fr¥ighten us into thinking they are .
supernatural and will destroy us. There_dam§e is not greater
than any other plane we used during the war. No sir they do
not want war. They want to tare us apart in our middle and by
Sen. M cCarthy they are makCing a good start.
Let's stop him Hr. Hoover. You are the core man
of this great nation so put yourself forth tqbtop their speedr
+A _ -. a- q+nna earner our neonle lose Qaith within_th§mm*m J
an. _-.-.4. --*_._ -
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' I would be in for it here in Buffalo if my name were _
mentioned I wrote this as they tell me Buffalo is lousy with
_ :1
Commies. I was told to be careful what I said and who I said
anything to concerning Commies.7'
I am from Pittsburgh Penna. I assure you there are _;
in Pitts. - §
plenty. There I am not liked by them. My two daughters nearly
got into one of their organizations as a Youth movement for
T £2I. Q 92A
1, 4492
A man like you will have more effect on a world hook' p than
an'one or nany ministers. The rabble would say they are 7 . JI.-..i[fanatics . You'they will believe because you are dear in every
loyal American's heart today and are looked up_to greatly.
Won't you try. ? This is the only way we can win over the
communies. Be on God's side and have Him with us. -
i
_ Thanks you Mr. Hoover. Don't let us down,
Yours is a great work done and to be done.
Sincerely in the life of the U.S.A '
L.q~
C
P.S. I Am sending Er. Barkley and Er. Truman a like letter.
J
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IVHICII IS IT, SENATORS? I
I. Edgar Hoover, director of the Federal Bu-
reau of Investigation, has told a Senate foreigr
relations subcommittee that turning over to tht
subcommittee State Department loyalty ies
demanded by Sen. McCarthy of Wisconsin
would bring about complete collapse" of the
FBI system of obtaining confidential informa-
tion. -Mr. Hoover added that a foreign power
and he obviousiy rneant Russia! has been seek-
ing intimate personal details concerning many
of our leaders in government and industry.
They should not be aided by having these
dztails made public for their use and advantage,
thereby crippling the irn-"*'ta1t work of theFBI," he said. T4 {-12 t {,3Hm $2.11-_M.t£at1h.y._s_?£S L12¬5.hus_and. at
and he has been joined by Sen. Bridge_s_qf_,N_g;v
Haiébilt This"leaEls"ay logical observer to
one of two conclusions--either ! the two sen-
ators wont take Mr. Hoover's solemn word,
despite the country's confidence in the FBI
chief, or ! they are willing to° cripp1e" the
FBI and bring about "complete collapse" of its
system, in order to get a little more amrnunition
for their smear-Acheson campaign.
Well, which is the answer, Senators? Speak up!
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BEFORE _w_,__* _
suscor-m_-mss or nréjssrmrjs commas 9n_ros_s;qs_5§I_._A; 0NS
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Mr. Chairman: I appreciate the opportunity oi appearing before
your Comittee today, together with the Director of the Federal Bureau
of Investigation, in order to discuss with you a serious problem that
has arisen in the course of the investigation that you are conducting
pursuant tqkehate Resolution 231. There has been a great deal of
talk about the production before your Committee of loyalty and investi-
gative files relating to the persons against whom Senator McCarthy has
brought charges of disloyalty. I think that it is well that we should
discuss this matter together at this time in the interest of clarifying
some of the issues.
I need not remind you that it is only a matter of months since I
myself was a member of that great body of which this Comittee is a part
the United States Senate. Having had the privilege of serving in the
Senate, as well as in the Executive Branch, I am fully aware and indeed
extremely sensible of the degree of cooperation that must exist between
the legislative and Executive branches of the Government if we are to
make our tripartite system of government work.
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0
This is such a basic principle that it was recognized as early as the
administration of our first President. On February 22 last, the very
day on which the Senate agreed to the Resolution under which this Com-
mittee is proceeding, the Farewell Address of President Washington was
read in the Senate chamber. I call your attention to one paragraph of
that Address, which appears on page 2158 of the Congressional Record of
February 22, and which to me aptly states the principles by which we
must be governed. President Washington stated:
It is important likewise, that the habits of think-
ing in a free country should inspire caution in those
intrusted with its administration, to confine them-
selves within their respective constitutional spheres,
avoiding in the exercise of the powers of one depart-
ment, to encroach upon another- The spirit of encroach-
ment tends to consolidate the powers of all the depart-
ments in one, and thus to create, whatever the form of
government, a real despotism. * * * * If, in the opin-
ion of the people, the distribution or modification of
the constitutional powers be in any particular wrong,
let it be corrected by an amendment in the way which
the constitution designates.--But let there be no change
by usurpation; for though this, in one instance, may be
the instrument of good, it is the customary weapon by
which free governments are destroyed. The precedent must
always greatly overbalance in permanent evil any partial
or transient benefit which the use can at any time yield.
President Washington was speaking from personal experience with the
very problem we now have before us--namely, a request by a congressional
Committee for the production of documents which in the opinion of the
Executive branch must be held confidential in the public interest. The
problem, you see, is as old as the Government itself.
In March of 1792, the House of Representatives adopted a resolution
establishing a Committee to inquire into the causes of the failure of the
expedition under Major General St. Clair, and empowering that Committee to
call for such papers and records as might be necessary to assist the Com-
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mittee in its inquiries. The House based its right to investigate on its
control over the expenditure of public money. when the Committee ked
the President for the papers relating to the campaign, President Washington
called a meeting of his Cabinet. Present were Thomas Jefferson, Secre-
tary of State, Alexander Hamilton, Secretary of the Treasury, Henry Knox:
Secretary of War, and Edmond Randolph, the Attorney General- The PTBBi-
dent stated that he had called his Cabinet together because this was the
first demand on the Executive for papers within his control and he desired
that in so far as the action taken would constitute a precedent, it
should be rightly conducted. President Washington readily admitted that
he had no doubt of the propriety of what the House was doing, but he
did conceive that there might be papers of so secret a nature that they
ought not be given up- The President and his Cabinet came to an unanimou
conclusion as follows:
First, that the House was an inquest, and therefore
might institute inquiries. Second, that it might call
for papers generallya Third, that the Executive ought
to communicate such papers as the public good would per-
mit, and ou;'t to refuse those, the disclosure of which
would injure the public.
The precedent there set by President Washington and his Cabinet was
followodin 1796 when he refused to comply with a resolution of the House
of Representatives which requested him to lay before the House a copy of
the instructions to the United States Minister who negotiated a treaty
with Great Britain, together with the correspondence and docments relating
to that treaty. In declining to comply, President Washington stated: "As it
is essential to the due administration of the Government that the boundaries
fixed by the Constitution between the various departments should be preserve
a Just regard to the Constitution and to the duty of my office * * * forbids
a compliance with your request."
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It was because of such experiences that President Washington felt
called upon to refer, in his Farewell Address, to the importance of main-
taining the independence of our separate branches of government. Later,
President Jefferson refused to allow two members of his cabinet to supply
docuents at the trial of Aaron Burr. In 1825 President Monroe declined to
comply with a request of the House of Representatives to transmit to the
House certain documents relating to the conduct of naval officers. In 1833
President Jackson refused to comply with a Senate request that he communicate
to it a copy of a paper purporting to have been read by him to the heads of
the executive departments relating to the removal of the deposits of public
money from the Bank of the United States. In 1336 President Cleveland
supported his Attorney General's refusal to comply with a Senate resolu-
tion calling for docuents and papers relating to the removal of a District
Attorney. Similarly, in l8h3, a resolution of the House of Representatives
called upon the Secretary of War to comunicate to the House the reports
made to the War Department by Lt. Col. Hitchcock relative to the affairs of
the Cherokee Indians, together with all information comunicated by him
concerning the frauds which he had been charged to investigate. The
Secretary of war advised the House that he could not communicate informa-
tion shich Cole Hitchcock had obtained in confidence, because i- .
be grossly unjust to the persons who had given the information. The0
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dated January 31, 18b3, said in part:
And although infonmation coes through a proper channel
to an executive officer, it may often be of a character to
forbid its being made public. The officer charged with a
confidential inquiry, and who reports its result under the
pledge of confidence which his appointment implies, ought
not to be exposed individually to the resentment of those
whose conduct may be impugned by the information he collects.
The knowledge that such is to be the consequence will inevitably
prevent the performances of duties of that character, and thus
the Government will be deprived of an important means of in-
vestigating the conduct of its agents.
President Eyler also declined to comply with a resolution of the
House of Representatives which called upon him and the heads of departments
to furnish information regarding such members of the 26th and 21th Con-
gresses as had applied for office in the executive branch. In so refusing,
President Tyler stated:
Applications for office are in their very nature
confidential, and if the reasons assigned for such
applications or the names of the applicants were commun-
icated, not only would such implied confidence be wantonly
violated, but, in addition, it is quite obvious that a mass
of vague, incoherent, and personal matter would be made pub-
lic at a vast consumption of time, money, and trouble with-
out accomplishing or tending in any manner to accomplish, as
it appears to me, any useful obgect connected with a sound
and constitutional administration of the Government in any
of its branches.
In my Judgment a compliance with the resolution which
has been transmitted to me would be a surrender of duties
and powers which the Constitution has conferred exclusively
on the Executive, and therefore such compliance can not be
Bade by me nor by the heads of Departments by my direction.
Those are only a far of the precedents to be found in the con-
stitutional history of our Government; many more could be referred to.
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' Although I have mentioned only a few of the precedents, I might add
that almost every President has found it_necessary at some time during his
administration to decline, for reasons of public policy, to furnish cofi-
dential papers tc congressional committees. The courts have recognized
this constitutional prerogative of the Chief Executive and the great
constitutional scholars uniformly agree that it is for the President to
determine what papers and information in the Executive branch must be re-
tained in confidence in the public interest. William Howard Taft, following
his term as President and prior to his appointment as Chief Justice, summar-
ized the situation succinctly and accurately when he wrote in his book,
The Chief Magistrate:
The President is required by the Constitution from
time to time to give to Congress information on the
state of the Union, and to recommend for its considera-
tion such measures as he shill Judge necessary and ex-
pedient, but this does not enable Congress or either
House of Congress to elicit from him confidential in-
formation which he has acquired for the purpose of en-
abling him to discharge his constitutional duties, if he
does not deem the disclosure of such information prudent
or in the public interest.
It is against this background that we must consider President Truman's
directive of March 13, l9h8, concerning the confidential nature of loyalty
files. Against this some background we must consider this Committee's
request for the production of such files.
In his directive, the President stated:
The efficient and Just administration of the Em-
ployee Loyalty Program, under Executive Order No. 9835
of March 21, l9hT, requires that reports, records,
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and_files relative to the program be preserved in
strict confidence. This is necessary in the interest
of our national security and welfare, to preserve the
confidential character and sources of information fur-
nished, and to protect Government personnel against the
dissemination of unfounded or disproved allegations. It
is necessary also in order to insure the fair and just
disposition of loyalty cases.I
For these reasons, and in accordance with the long-
establishedupolicy that reports rendered by the Federal
Bureau of Investigation and other investigative agencies
of the exective branch are to be regarded as confiden~
tisl, all reports, records, and files relative to the
loyalty of employees or prospective employees including
reports of such investigative agencies!, shell be main-
tained in confidence, and shall not be transmitted or dis-
closed except es required in the efficient conduct of
hnoihnec
At the time of issuing this directive, the President specifically
referred to some of the precedents that I have mentioned this afternoon
and called particular attention to the sound reasons of public policy
requiring the maintenance of the confidential status of loyalty files.
The President referred to an opinion rendered by Attorney General
Jackson at c time when, at the direction of President Roosevelt, he
declined to furnish certain reports of the Federal Bureau of In-
vestigation to the House Comittee on Naval Affairs, as follows:
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With
would, itthan sericusly prejudice law enforcement. Counsel for
c defcndnnt or prospective defendant, could have no, __ __ .,,_.-ti-
greater help then to know how much er how little informe-
tien the Government h-s, and whet witnesses or sources
cf infurmntian it can rely upon. This is exactly what
these reports cre intended to contain.
Disclnsure of the reports at this particular time
wculd :15» prejudice the national defense and be of
aid and comfort to the very subversive elements egainst
which you wish to protect the country. For this reason
we have made extraordinary efforts to see that the re-
sults of counterespicncge activities and intelligence
activities of this Department invulving those elements
are kept within the fewest possible hands. A catalogue
cf persons under investigation or suspicion, and whet we
knew about them, would be of inestimcble service tc
foreign agencies; and infsrmstirn which could be so
used cannot be tco closely guarded.
Moreover, disclosure zf the reports would be of
serious prejudice to the future usefulness of the Fed-
erel Bureau cf Investigation. As yeu prcbably know,
much of this information is given in confidence and
can only be obtained upon pledge not to disclose its
sources. A disclosure of the sources would embarrass
informants--sometimes in their employment, sometimes
in their sscisl relations, end in extreme cases might
even endanger their lives. We regard the keeping of
faith with ccnfidentizl informants as an indispensable
condition cf future efficiency.
Disclcsure of information contained in the re-
parts might also bu the grcssest kind of injustice to
inn;cent individuals. Investigative reports include
lecds and suspicions, and scmetines even the stete-
ments nf malicious qr misinformed people. Even though
later and more complete reports excnercte the individuals,
the use cf pcrticuler or selected repcrts night consti-
tute the grossest injustice, and we all knzw that e
correction never catches up with an accusation.
respect to files which this Committee has requested, their disclosure
seems t: ne, seriously impair the effectiveness of the Employee
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Loyalty Program. It would subject the persons in question to a type of
double Jeopardy which is contrary to sound concepts of good government,
fairness, and justice. It would also make it extremely difficult, if
not impossible, for the Federal Bureau of Investigation to perform its
investigative duties. The Federal Bureau of Investigation conducts all
investigations under the Employee Loyalty Program. Loyalty files, there-
fore, are for all practical purposes F.B.I. files. Mr. Hoover is here
to give you his view, which he has held for many years, of the damaging
effect that would be caused by the disclosure of such files. I know of
no one better qualified to speak on this subject. I am in thorough ac-
cord with his views in this regard.
It is my opinion--for the reasons stated--that loyalty and investi-
gative files should be preserved in strict confidence.
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Your letter dated larch 27} 1950, had
been received and I do want to thank you for
your comments relative to the position I have
taken with regard to disclosing information in
rs: files. _
_ It occurred to as that you night like
to read the enclosed copy of ly statement before
the Subcommittee qf the Senate Committee on 4Ibreign Relations on lurch 2?, 1950. -92
iv.
, - Sincerely yours, .
i
I. Idgar Heavily.
¬7§q, John Edgar Hoover
h ; , Director 92_ * "_ .
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i§ § Rep t to Subcommittee of Senate Commitfeq1;; foreign elations, March 27, 1950 "'
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92 I Hr. J. Edgar Hoover, ' '
Federal Bureau of Investigation, I -,92 Washington, D.G. , '
1', Dear Ilr . Hoover:
-Q in the McCarthy affair, it is a pleasure to add my few words. I an .
A so relieved to know that you have stuck to your guns under heavy h-- ; pressure that I cannot refrain from some expression, although I ai ' /xi - To the many voices congratulating you on your stand
K 35&;*_'§ not a prolific letter writer
_} 0- I J -l It has been my feeling, and the feeling of eve#.'#3*5?<y%! . '
one I have discussed this matter with, that llcUe.rtby's unbridled ' '
license has already caused sufficient damage. To open your files ' . ,
to such as he would add immeasurably to the anger and dissension
already built up. Congratulations, and power to your arm-
Azusa, Calif . '
I. March zwn, 1950 _
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