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BLACK PANTHER PARTY -
NORTH CAROLINA
FBIHQ FILE IU5-165706-8
Section 3
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LACK PANTHER PARTY, CHARLOTTE DIVISION, RM.
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PAGE THREE
RE CHARLOTTE TELETYPE TO BUREAU JANUARY TWELVE SEVENTY-ONE
AND NEW YORK TELEPHONE CALL TO CHARLOTTE JANUARY TWELVE SEVENTY'
ONE-
NEWi
YORK TELEFHONE CALL INDICATED RECEIFT OF INF '
BY NEW YORK SOURCE THAT PANTHER HEADQUARTERS, WINSTON-SALEM,
N-On, HAD BEEN RAIDED AND QUOTE A BROTHER NEXT DOOR UNOUOTE
HAD BEEN
COE, WAS
INJURIES
NEHSHOT. IT IS NOTED THE INDIVIDUAL NEXT DOOR, HILLIAH
ARRESTED; HOWEVER, NO INFORMATION RECEIVED OF ANY
OCCURRING.
YORK AND SAN FRANCISCO BY ALERT FOR INFORMATION FROM
SOURCES RE ABOVE DEVELOPEMENTS¢
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TO : DIRECTOR, FBI 05-165706! DATE! 1/29/71
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IF .Gggoqw; ,SAC, CHARLOTE l576l7l! P]9292 1¢
!SU3IWt BLACK PANTHER PARTY -
é" . NATIONAL COMMITTEE TO COMBAT FASCISM,
; AUGUSTA, cnonsra
RM - BPP
Re Savannah letter to Bureau, 1/27/71.
Charlotte has no information which might indicate
the rifle has evidentiary value.
/Tglaureau 05-l65706! RM!' -Savannah [157-l430! RM!
2Charlotte 51-6111!
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I'i-ITIJII nlA'|'I~'.F IH-.1/1RTMI "IT OF JUSTICE
Fi.DFIHAL BUREAU OF IN ISTICATION
1,, 5,1,1; riem, ;:,.Jr,,-|, ChE11'lOtt¬, NOIth C81 olina
nuns January 14, 19 ]
BLACK PANTHER PARTY BPP!
CHARLOTTE DIVISION
RACIAL MATTERS BLACK PANTHER PARTY
Wié V V -- _* '3 :/:1, I I B. »I1>PR0K- I
The Thursday, January 7, 1971, "Daily Tar Heel", a
student newspaper of the University of North Carolina, at Chapel
Hill, North Carolina, contained an article reflecting RJCHARD
J MOORE, Black Panther Party BPP! spokesman and one of the "New. . . ./U/-ork 21 conspirators", will speak Friday, January 8, 1971, in I
-he Political Science 95 A Class. .*-
Class members had requested that a Black Panther and
' someone involved in the conspiracy trial speak before the class
and MOORE accepted the invitation.
The article reflected MOORE and 20 others were indicted
April 2, 1970, on charges of plotting to set off bombs in five
mid-town New York department stores, plotting to dynamite the
I tracks of the Penn Central Railroad and plotting to bomb a
Bronx, New York, police station.
York State Supreme Court Justice JOHN
the 21 at $100,000 each.Presiding New
M. MURTAGH set bail for
Only ll of the 21 will undergo trial because the
remainder are underage.
Their lawyer, GERALD B. LEFCOURT said the indictment
was an attack on the Black Panthers directed from washington=
The item reflected MOORE is 25 years of age and is one
of three of the 21 presently free on bond, as no bondsman would
touch the case and the party was unable to bail all of them out.
THIS DOCUMENT CONTAINS NEITHER RECOMMENDATIONS NOR
CONCLUSIONS OF THE FBI. IT IS THE PROPERTY OF THE
FBI AND IS LONNED TO YOUR AGENCY: IT AND ITS CONTENTS
ARE NOT T0 BE D D_OUT$IDE YOUR AGENCY» ;i' If/,_ 5", 3". Ll 1-'
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BLPVIK PAI'7'I'HFIR PARTY
CHARLOTTE D] VISION
On January 11, 1971 a source reported that on ,-January 8, 1971, ZAIB?§§2KUR, Deputy Minister of Information
of the New York State _pter of the Black Panther Party, appeared
before approximately 1,000 persons gathered for Political Science
Class 95A, at the University of North Carolina UNC!.
SHAKUR replaced RICHRRD MOORE, the speaker originally
scheduled, as MOORE reportedly was unable to attend because of
legal entanglements. SHAKUR was introduced by LAR§Y~L1TTLE,
Chairman of the Winston-Salem, North Carolina, Chapter dfcthe
National Committee to Combat Fascism NCCF!, which is closely
allied with the BPP. He was flanked on three sides by five
Panther bodyguards. By the time he had completed approximately
half of his speech, the audience had dwindled, to less than
-500.
SHAKUR spoke about the BPP, indicating that the member-
ship had been virtuely closed since 1969 and continued to be under
a purge. He spoke about the 450 year history of the black man
and his racial and economic exploitations,_but indicated that
everything was subject to change. He indicated no more Panthers
were going to jail, claiming_they were dying anyhow and it -
did not make any difference how, indicating they were being shot
down inthe streets by the gestapo pig forces. He indicated
that Jesus had been busted for anarchy when he was trying to
overthrow an imperialist government.
SHAKUR claimed the party's current motto, survival
to service of the people, was exemplified by the Black Panthers
program to provide clothing and transportation and other services
needed by the black people in the communities and their
sponsorship of free breakfast programs. He indicated the Black
Panthers did not consider all black people good, and indicated
there were black p}q5, including the mayor of Chapel Hill,
North Carolina. He referred to the American sc2iety as "Babylon"
indicating the United States legal system represented maximum -
security to the Black Panthers and he indicated NIXON was the
number one warden.
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BLACK PANTHER PARTY
CHARLOTTE DIVISION
On January 11, 1971. made available a copy
of a pamphlet on Urban Guerilla warfare being sold at this
meetlng} Whlh 15 as follows.
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Carlos Marighella__ ____ __ in _ _ 777 .7 __ ___ 7 _ '7_ _' |__ -
On Tuesday, November 1, 1969. Carlos Mnriithella tell, assssinated in S50 Paulo.
On that day, two lives were simultaneously interrupted: the life ol a man who
tor close to 40 years had been shaped in opposing reaction, in public or clan-
destine struggle atzainst the dominant system; and that of the urban guerrilla
hounded by implacable persecution. killed in an ambush just as he is at the point
of beginning rural guerrilla warfare, the next step in his liberation cycle.
Marighella had the merit of making valuable contributions to the revolutionary
cause in both theory and practice. During the last years ot his life. as a parallel
to the action he undertook. he wrote intensively to support his theories about
the liberation oi Brazil.
Among his writings, his Mlnimanual at the Urban aerrllla which lrleontl-
mental otters in its pages. has a special importance. The work examines exh_aus-
tively the conditions. characteristics. necessities, and methods of the guerrilla
war and the urban guerrillas. broadly demonstrating his sense of detail, of organiza-
tion, end his mental cleritv. It also shows. in passing. that Marighella was endowed
with inexhaustible confidence and affection tor man, and with a youthtulness
that negated his 58 years and death.ll
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By Way of Introduction
l wouto LIKE to make a twofold dedication of this work: first to the
memories of Edson Souto. Marco Antonio Bras tle Cart-alho, Nelson
]osé de Almeida "Eseoteiro '1. and so nianv other heroic lighters and
urban guerrillas who fell at the hands Ol_3SS355lS of the Military
Police, the Army, the Navy. the Air Force. and the DOPS.' hated in-
struments of the repressive military dictatorship.
Second. to the l'92ra92'e comrades men anrl 92-920tncn - imprisoned in
the tnedieval dungeons of the Brazilian Government and subjected
to tortures that even surpass the horrendous t.'l'I1'ttC$ practiced by the
Nazis.
Like those comrades whose memory we revere, as well as those
taken prisoner in battle, what we mttst do is light,
Each comrade who opposes the :nilitar_v dictatorship and wants to
fight it can do something, however insignificant tlie task may scent.
l urge all who read this minimamial and reach tlie conclusion that
they cannot remain lFlCl192'C. to-follow its instructions and join the
fight now. l do so because. under wliate92'i:r l'ty'|tl1tTSt5 and in what-
ever circumstances. the duty of every t'¬92'OlLtllOltZ.H92' is to make the
revolution.
Another important problem is not mere-iv to rend the mlnttnnual
here and now, but to circulate its contents, This circulation will be
possible if those who agree wit!-t its ideas make ritinieographed copies
or print it in a pamphlet. though in this latter case. aimed struggle
itself will be necessary. l
Finally. the reason that the present minimanual bears my signature.
is that the ideas expressed or systetratized here reflect the personal expe-
rience ol a group of men engaged in armed struggle in Brazil. among
whom I have the honor to be included. So that certain individuals will
have no doubt about what this iztinimanual proclaims and can no
longer deny the facts or continue to state that the conditions for the
struggle do no: exist, it is necessary to assume responsibility for what
is said and done. Hence anonymity becomes a problem in a work
such as this. The important lact is that there are patriots prepared
to light like rdmary soldiers. and the more there are the better.
The accusa I011 of assault or terrorism no longer has the pejorative
meaning it us cl to have. lt has acquired new clothing. a new colora-
tion. lt does not faetionalize. it does not discredit: on the contrary
it Lepresents local point of atti-act:on. l
today IO DC an assailant Of a terrorist I5 tr qtitiiiiv lll"i§ll' CIITIODICS
any honorable man because it is an act 9292'Q{Il'I92 ul .i l'tc920lUllDl'!afV
engaged in armed struggle against the sh-"tmeiirl military dictatorship
and its ntonstrosities.
A Definition oi the Urban Guerrilla
The chronic structural crisis charatltsltc til Brazil today, arid its
resultant political instability. are what have brought about the upsurge
of revolutionary war in the countrv. The revolutionary war manifests
itself in the form ol urban guerrilla wafl1'¢- P5Y¢lI0logical warfare.
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or rural guerrilla wail-ire. llrbaii guerrilla warfare or psychological
warfare in the city depends on the tiihaii guerrilla.
The urban guerrilla is a man tuho fights the military dictatorship
with |'l[|Tl¬, using tinconventional methods. A political reviiltitionary
and an ardent patriot. he is a fighter for his country's liberation. a
friend of the people and ol freedom. The area in which the utbari
guerrilla acts is iii the large Braziliati cities. There are also bandits.
commonly known as Outlaws, who work in the big cities. Many
times assaults by outlaws are taken as actions by urban guerrillas.
The urban guerrilla, however. differs radically from the outlaw. The
outlaw benefits personally from the action. and attacks indiscriminately
without distinguishing between the exploited and the exploiters, which
is why there are so many ordinary men and Women among his victims.
The urban guerrilla follows a political goal and only attacks the
government. the big capitalists, and the foreign imperialists. particularly
North Americans. _
Another element just as prejudicial as the outlaw and also operating
in the urban area is the right-wing counterrevolutionary who creates
confusion. assaults banks. hurls bombs, kidnaps. assassinates, and
commits the worst imaginable crimes against urban guerrillas. rev-
olutionary priests. students. and citizens who oppose fascism and
seelc liberty. _
The urban guerrilla is an implacable enemy of the government and
systematically inflicts damage on the authorities and on the men who
dominate the country and exercise power. The principal task of the
urban guerrilla is to distract. to wear Out. to dei-noralize the militarists.
the military dictatorship and its repressive forces. and also to attack
and destroy the wealth aiicl property of the North Americans. the
foreign managers. and the Brazilian upper class.
The urban guerrilla is not afraid oi dismantling and destroying the
present Brazilian economic. political. and social system. for his aim
is to help the rural guerrilla and to collaborate in the creation of a
totally new and revolutionary social and political structure. with the
armed people in power. _
The urban guerrilla must have a certain minimal political under-
standing. To gain that lie must read certain printed or mimeographed
wnrlts suth as:
Giicr-"i'ft'a lrl"arfare by Che Guevara
Memories of a Terrorist
Some Questions about the Brazilian
Guerrilla Operations and Tactics
On Strategic Problems and Princi lesCertain Tacti'cai' Principles for gomrades Ll'ndertaft'in_q
Guerriila Operations
Orpanigariorial Questions
O Guerrilheiro. newspaper of the Brazilian revolutionary groups.
Personal Qualities of the Urban Guerrilla .
The tizaan guerrilla is chart-.teri:.ed by his braver! and decisive
nature. He must be a good tactician and a good shot. The urban
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fact that he is not sufficiently strong in arms. ammunition, and
equipment.
The career militarists or the government police have modern arms
and transport, and can go about anywhere freely. using the force
of their power. The urban guerrilla does not have such resources
at his disposal and leads a clandestine existence. Sometimes he is
a convicted person or is out on parole, and is obliged to use false
documents.
Nevertheless. the urban guerrilla has a certain advantage over the
conventional military or the police. !t is that. while the military and
the police act on behalf of the enemy, whom the people hate, the
urban guerrilla defends a iust cause. which is the people's cause.
The urban guei-rilla's arms are inferior to the enemy's, but from
a moral point of view. the urban guerrilla has an undeniable supe-
riority.
This moral superiority is what Sttstrtins the urban guerrilla. Thanks
to it. the urban guerrilla can accompiish his principal duty. which is
to attack and to survive.
The urban guerrilla has to capture or divert arms from the enemy
to be able to fight. Because his arms are not uniform. since what
he has are expropriated or have fallen into his hands in different
ways. the urban guerrilla faces the problem of a variety of arms and
a shortage of ammunition. Moreover, he has no place to practice
shooting and marksmanship.
These l..llfflCl.lillC5 have to be surmounted. forcing the urban guer-
rilla to be imaginative and creative, qualities without which it would
be impossible for him to carry out his role as a revolutionary.
The urban guerrilla must possess initiative, mobility, and flexibility.
as well as versatility and a command-of any situation. Initiative
especially is an indispensable qiiality. ft is not always possible to
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confused, or wait for orders. His duty is to act. to find adequate
solutions for each problem he faces. and not to retreat. lt is better
to err acting than to do nothing for fear of erring. Witliout initiative
there 15 no urban guerrilla warfare.
Other important qualities in the urban guerrilla are the following:
to he a good wallccr, to be able to stand up against fatigue. hunger.
rain, heat. To know how to hide and to be vigilant. To conquer the
art of dissenibling. Never to fear danger. To behave the same by
day as by night. Not to act impetuously. To have unlimited patience.
To remain calm and cool in the worst conditions and situations.
Net.-er to leave a track or trail. Not to gilt gliscourawed.
lii the lace of the almost insurmountable difficulties of urban
warfare. soiiietimes comrades weaken. leave. give up the work.
'The urban guerrilla is not a businessman in a commercial firm nor
is he a cliaractcrin a play. Urban guerrilla warfare. like rural guer-
rilla warfare. is a pledge the guerrilla makes to himself. When he
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cannot face the difficulties. or knows that he lacks the rwli l°
wait. then it is better to relinquish his role before he betrays his
pledge, for he clearly lacks the basic qualities necessary to be a
guerrilla.
How the Urban Guerrilla Lives and Subsiats
The urban guerrilla must know how to live among the people andrrtu5tll:Fe careful not to appear strange and separated from ordinary
city ie.
He should not wear clothes that are different from those that other
people wear. Elaborate and high fashion clothing for men or women
may often be a handicap if the urban guerrillas mission taltes him
into V~'Ol'l lIl92 class neighborhoods or sections where such dress isuncommon. JThe same care has to be taken if the urban guerrilla
moves from the South to the North or vice versa.
The urban guerrilla must live by his work or professional activity.
ll he is l-tnowii and sought by the police, if he is convicted or is on
parole. he must go underground and soinctitnes rnust live hidden.
Under such circumstances. the urban guerrilla cannot reveal his
activity to anyone. since that is always and only the responsibility
of the revolutionary organization in which he is participating.
The urban guerrilla must have a great capacity for observation.
must be well informed about everything, principally about the enemy's
movements. and must be very searching and knowledgeable about
the area in which he lives. operates, or through which he moves.
But the fundamental and decisive characteristic of the urban gucr»
rilla is that he is a man who fights with arms: given this condition,
there is verv little likelihood that he will be able to follow his riornial
profession for long without being identified. The role of expropria-
lion thus looms as clear as high noon. It is impossible for the urban
guerrilla to exist and survive without fighting to expropriate.
Thus. within the framework of the class struggle. as it inevitably
and necessarily sharpens. the armed struggle of the urban guerrilla
points toward two essential objectives:
a! the physical liquidation of the chiefs and assistants of the
armed forces and of the police;
bi the e ropriation of government resources and those belongingto the bifcapitalists. latifundists. and imperialists, with small ex-
propriati is used for the maintenance of indiviclual urban guerrillas
and larg ones for the sustenance of the revolution itself.
It is cle r that the armed struggle OI ll"! llfba guerrilla also
has other bjectives. But here we are referring to the two basic
objectives. above all expropriation. l1 i5 ¢<'=$$ary for every urban
gugrrjlla {Q kggp jn mind alwayg lhfll h¬ BR Oly maintain hi5
existence if he is disposed to kill the polite and those dedicated to
repression, and if he is determined -truly determined- to expro-
priate the wealth of the big capitalists. the latifundists_ and the
imperialists.rw I .| I I . 1 | .__;-;:-__ ..l' .'L_ D_..-;L__ --. t .-6une or me runciamentai cnaracreew-= vi we wwllltan revoiuttori
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is that lroiii the be-giniiing it lt'92'elc92f1fcl aroimrl the e"xpropri.ition of
h . t e uealth of the major bourgeois. imperialist. and latilunclist in--
tcrests, without excluding the richest and most powerful commercialelements engaged in the import-export business.I Arid by Bxpfpfiiing the wealth of the principal enemies of the
1 people. the Brazilian revolution was able to hit them at their vital1 center. with preferential and systematic attacks on the banking network --that is to say. the most telling blows were leveled againstIi capitalism's nerve system. - T=_The bank robberies carried out by the Brazilian urban_g-uerrillas ~. hurt such big capitalists as Moreira Salles and others. the foreigrrfirms which insure and reinsure the banking capital. the imperialist;companies. the federal and state governments -- all of them system-Q
atically expropriated as ol now.The fruit oi these expropriations has been devoted to the worlt of;learning and perfecting urban gu-anti: techniques. the purchase. thel -production. and the transportation o arms and ammunition for therural areas. the security apparatus of the revolutionaries. the daily;maintenance of the lighters. of those who have been liberated from .prison by armed force and those who are wouncled or persecuted by _the police, or to any kind of problem concerning comrades liberated 'i' from jail. or assassinated by the police and the military dictatorship. '-
The tremendous costs of the revolutionary war must fall on thebig capitalists. on iinperialisrn. and the latiluridists and on the govern,-ment too. both federal and state. since they are all exploitcrs and
oppressors of the people.
Men of the government. agents of the dictatorship and of North
American imperialism principally. must pay with their lives for thecrimes committed against the Brazilian people.in Brazil, the number of violent actions carried out by urban
guerrillas. including deaths, explosions. seizures of arms. ammunition.and explosives. assaults on banks and prisons. etc.. is significantenough to leave no room for doubt as to the actual aims of therevolutionaries. The execution of the CIA spy Charles Chandler. amember of the US Army who came from the war in Viet»Nam to
infiltrate the Brazilian st d t u en movemerit: he military henchmen killedin bloody encounters with urban guer as all -I . . are witness to the -fact that we are in full revolutionary w r and that the war can be
waged only by violent means.This is the reason why the urban guerrilla uses armed struggleand why he continues to concentrate his activity on the physicalextermination oi the agents of repression. and to dedicate twenty-lour hours a day to expropriation from the people's e92p loiters.
Technical Preparation of the Urban GuerrillaNo one can become an urban guerrilla without pa/mg special at-
tention to technical preparation.
The technical preparation of the urban guerrilla runs from theconcern for his physical preparedness. to knowledge of and appren.
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ttcqghip in professions and skills ol'all kinds, particularly manual
skills.The urban guerrilla can have strong physical resistance only if
he trains systematically. He cannot lie a good lighter if he has not
learned the art of lighting. For that reason the urban guerrilla must
learn and practice various kinds of lighting. of attack. and personal
defense. _
Other uselul lorms of physical preparation are hiking. camping.
and practice in survival in the woods. mountain climbing, rowing.
swimming. skin diving. training as a frogirian. shing, harpooning.
and the hunting oi birds. small and big game. "
lt is very important to learn how to drive. pilot a plane. handle
a motor boat and n sail boat, understand mechanics, radio. telephone.
glcqtfictly, and have some kno92vledge_ of electronic techniques.
Ir ts 3]:-.0 important to have a knowledge oi topographical interma-
tion,- to be able to locate one's position by instruments or other
available resources. to- calculate distances. make maps and plans.
draw to scale. make timings. work with an angle protractor. a
Compass. etc.
A knowledge oi chemistry and of color combination. of stamp-
makiiig. the domination ol the technique ol calligraphy and the COP/ig
ol letters and other skills are part of the technical preparation oi
the orb.-in guerrilla. who is obliged to lalsily documents in order to
live within a society that he seeks to destroy.
lri the area oi auxiliary medicine he has the special role of being
a doctor or understanding medicine. nursing. pharmacology, drugs.
elemental surgery. and emergency first aid.
'l he basic question in the technical preparation ol the urban guer-
rilla is l"li392i?flliClCSS to know how to handle arms such as the
mac]-iuie gun. revolver, automatic, FAI... various types ol shotguns.
carbii-.cs. mortars. bazookas. etc.
A knowledge ol various types ol ammunition and explosives is
another aspect to consider. Among the explosives. dynamite must be
well understood. The use ol incendiary bombs. ol smoke bombs, and
other types are indispeiisable prior knowledge.
To know how to make and repair arms. prepare Molotov cocktails,
grenades. mines, homemade destructive devices. how to blow up
bridges. tear up and put out oi service rails and sleepers. these are
requisites in the technical preparation of the urban-guerrilla that can
never be considered unimportant.
The highest level of preparation for the urban guerrilla is the center
lor technical training. But only the guerrilla who has already passed
the preliminary examination can go on to this school that is to say.
one who has passed the proof of lire in revolutionary action. in
actual combat against the enemy.
The Urban Guerrll|a's Arms
The urban guerrillas arms are light arms. easily exchanged, usually
captured from the enemv. Purchased. or made on the spot.
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Light rirrris liiive the arivaiiinge of last ii.-iiiiiiiiiii iid i-.i~.3= trrmsriort.
lri geiieriil. light arms are Clli'll'i'lClCi'lICLl as short hmreilrd. This in-
eludes runny riutoinatic arms.
Automatic and seiiiiiiutoniaticlnrms considi-rnhlv increase the fight-
ing power of the urban guerrilla. The kll.'3r'1 .l92'i'IIIl-i'lt.]L of |lil5 type of
ritiii for us is '.'1r- liili92iili_' iii r.oi"iirniiing it, ii-~<iiiiiii;i in Wasted
rounds or in a prodigious use of ariimiiiiitioiil coiripcnsnterl for only
by optimal aim aifd firing precision. Men who are poorly trained
convert automatic weapons into an ammunition drain.
EYpCfICI1CC fins slxown tli-t the basic flftll iif the urbrirt guerrilla
is the light machine gun. This arm. in aalihtiori to being elficiei-.:
and eiisy to shoot in an urban area. has the I92 .l92'i'tti.l3§]C of heing greatly
respected by the crieriiy The guerrilla riiest ltiiow ihor0u_cili|y how
to hriiiclle the machine gun. now 50 popular and i"d|f__P _92i|.<.'Ibl¬ to the
Brriziliriri urban guerrilla.
The ideal machiiie for the iirh.-in gut-rrili.i is the lri.-i :5 ealihre.
Other types of machine guns of different CIIlIl92fL-5 can he used
_--'U'1Cl£l"Sl{iHLllI'lg. of course. the problem til aiiiniiiiiitioii. Tlitis it is
preferable that the ir1Llustrial__p0ten:ial of the urli.iii gqfrlllil permit
the procltictioii of .1 single rriachitte gun so that the animuiiitioii used
can be standardized.
Each firing group ol urban guerrillas ttisl have .1 mrlehine grin
managed by a good marksman. The other OmPOl|¬l1.l.92' of the group
must be armed v.'ith.38 revolvers. our standarrl arm. Tlie'..'l2 is also
useful for those who want to participate. But the .35 is preferable
since its impact usually nuts the erieiriy out oi ='!C!!Q!!.
Hand grenades and convehtional smoke honihs can be considered
light arms, with defensive power for cciver rind 9292'lEl'92d1'92Vi1l.
Long barrel arms are _m0re difficult lor tlic iirb.-in guerrilla to trans-
port and attract imirh attention because of their size. Among the long
barrel arms are the FAL. the Mauser guns or rifles. huntirig guns sueh
_as the Winchester, and others.
Shotguns can be useful if used at close range and point blank.
They are useful even for a poor shot. especially at night when pi-g.
cision isn't much help. A pressure riirguri can he useful for training
in marksmanship, Bazookas and mortars can also be used in action
but the conditions for rising them have to be prepared and the people
who use them must be trained.
The urban guerrilla should not try to base his actions on the use
of heavy arms. which have major drawbacks in a type of fighting
that demands lightweight weapons to insure mohility and speed.
Homemade weapons arc often as efficient as the best arms pro-
duced in com-entioiial factories. and even a--cut-oll shotgun is :i good
arm for the urban guerrilla.
The urban guerrilla's role as gunsrnith has a fundamental im~
portance. his gunsmiih he takes care of the arms. l<no9292-5 hgw to
repair them. and in many cases can set up a small shop lot lmpfg.
visirig and producing efficient small arms-
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9292/ork in riictalliiigy and on the iiiecliziiiical lathe are basic skills
the iirbaii guerrilla should iiiu.ir|icii.ite into his indiistrial plaiining.
9292'ltitl1 is the construction ol llC!ICII1t.lT weapons.
This 't!I1SlittfllOl1 and courses in explosives and sabotage must be
orgaiiirc-cl. The primary Itlltflillg [gr practice in these courses must
be ihtaiiied ahead of time to pre92-eiit_ain incomplete appreriticeship
that is to say. so as to leave no room for entperiinentation.
Molotov cocktails. gasoline. hoiiit-niade contriviinces such as cata-
pults and mortars for tiring CYpl.'it92'C5. grenades made of tubes and
cans. siiioke bombs. mines. Cnn92'e:1ti mi|l explosives such as dynamite
antl potmisitini chloride, plastic ei;iln::i92es. gclatinc capsules. ammuni-
tion ol e92er92' lund are iridispeiisnblc to the success -ol the urban
titieirilliis mission.
The irethotl ol obtaining the Il C :¢$rtI'! materials and iritinitions
will he to buy them or tn take them by lorce in expropriation actions
especially plaiiiiecl anti carried out.
The tiibziii QllCfI'lll£1 will be caieltil not to ltcep iwplcisivcs and
rtiatcrnils that can causc acciileiits aruiind ll".l very long. but will try
always to use them iinniecliriiely on their destined targets.
The tirb.in guerrillas arms and his ability to maintain them c0n~
siitule his lire power, liy taking advantage of modern arms anal
tiititidticiiig iiint'i92'..it:Otts in his lire power and In ht! use Ol Ctftilt
arnis. the urban guerrilla can change many ol the tactics ol city
uarliiie. An example ol this was the innovation made by the urban
Htl 'lllll<lS iii lliazil wlieii they intrudiiteci llie I'lIdLlIlI'lC gun in their
attaclzs on baiilzs.
Wlieii the massive use of unilorm machine guns becomes possible.
ll1 iC will be new changes in urban guerrilla warlare tactics. The
liring group that utilizes uniform weapons antil corresponding am-
munition, with reasonable support for their maintenance. will reach
a considerable level ol elliciency. The urban guerrilla increases his
efiiciency as he improves his firing DOlEl1llEll.
The Shot: the Urbain Guun-Ilia: Reason for Existence
The urban guerrillas reason tor existence. the basic condition in
which he acts and survives. is to shoot. Tiie urban guerrilla must
know how to shoot well because it is required by his type of combat.
ln conventional warfare combat is generally at a distance with
long range arms. In unconventional warfare. in which urban guer-
rilla warfare is included. the combat is at close range. often very
close. To prevent his own extinction. the urban guerrilla has to
shoot lirst and he cannot err in his shot. He canrot waste his am-
munition because he doesn't have large amounts. so he must save it.
Nor can he replace his ammunition quickly, since he is part of a
small group in which each guerrilla has to take cam of hii-iii5elf_ The
urban guerrilla can lose no time and must be able to shoot at once.
One fundamental fact. which we want to emphasize lully and
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vi-"hose particular importance ranitot he overestimated. is that the
iirb-W Querrilla must not lire coiitiiiimusly, using up his ammunition.
lt in.-iy be thnt the enemy is not t'uFp0t'! .l92q to the fire precisely
because he is waiting until the gtietrilla's ammunition is used up. At
such a moment, without having time to replace his ammunition, the
urban guerrilla laces a rain of enemy fire and can be taken prisoner
or be lulled. i
ln spite oi the value oi the 5urp1'i5e factor which many times
makes it unnecessary For the urban guerrilla to use his arms. he can-
not be allowed the luxury of entering combat without knowing how
to shoot. And face to lace with the enemy. he must always be
moving ti-oni one position to another. because to stay in..0ne position
malurs him a fixed target and. as such, very vulnerable.
The urban giierrillrfs life depends on shooting. on his ability to
handle his arms well and to avoitl being hit. When we speak of
shooting, we speak of inarl<smanship_ as well. Shooting must be
lear-iecl until it becomes a reflex action on the part oi the urban
guerrilla.
T To learn how to shoot and to have good aim. the urban guerrilla
must train himself systematically. utilizing every apprenticeship meth-
od. shooting at targets. even in amusement parks and at home.
Shooting and rnarksnianship are the urban guerrillas water and
air. His perfection of the art of shooting makes him a special type
of urban guerrilla -that is. a sniper. a category of solitary combatant
indispensable in isolated actions. Tlie sniper knows how to shoot.
at close range and at long range, and his arms are appropriate for
either type of shooting.
The Firing Group
In order to lt.tI|Clt'OI1.'1hB urban guerrillas must be organized in
small groups. A group of no more than -four or five is called the
firing group.
_ A m_in_inium of two firing groups. separated and sealed off from
other firing groups. directed and coordinated by one or two persons,
this is what makes a firing team.
Within the firing group there must be complete confidence among
the comrades. The best shot and the one who best knows how to
manage the machine gun is the person in charge of operations.
The firing group plans and executes urban guerrilla actions
obtains aim guards arms. studies and corrects its own tactics.
Vt/hen there are tasks planned by the strategic command. these
tasks talie preference. But there is no such thing as a firing group
without its own initiative. Eur this reason it is essential to avoid any
rigidity in the organization in order to permit the greatest possible
initiative on the part of the tiring group. The old-type hierarchy.
the style of the lt7" liIIOIlill left doesn t exist tn our Oft-q3lZiHlO.
This means that. except [or the priority of objectives set by the
strategic command. any firing group can decide to assault 5 bank,
to kidnap or to execute an agent ol the dictatorship. a lioure it-in-it-:4:-i-t
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kind of propaganda or war ol ner92'e.~'- ngniiist the enemy 9292'Ill1092ll
the need to consult tltc general cornninnd
No firing group can remain inaetivi; 9292.'i!!l!!!s! lot" orders from above.
lts obligation is to act. Any single 92|l"l'!i'Hl guerrilla who W3II92F 10
establish a firing group and begin action can do so and thus become
a part of the organization.
This method ol action eliminates the iieetl lor knowing who I5
carrying out which actions. since there I5 tree iiiitiativc and the only
important point is to increase sub.~t.iiitial|y the 92UlUt'192C oi urban
guerrilla actixity in order to wear out the governtiieiit-and force it
onto the delensive.
The firing group is the instrument of orgaiiizetl i'92Cl92I't. Witliiii it.
guerrilla operations and tactics are planned. l3Ui1t.l'l d_ and carried
through to success.
The general command counts on the liriiig groups to eilrfv out
objectives ol a strategic nature. and to do so iii any part oi the
country. For its part. it helps the ring groups with their diflicultics
and their needs.
The organization is an - network ol tiring groups. and
of coordinations among t functions simply and practically
with a general command that participates iii the attacks: an
organization which exists lor no purpose other than pure and
gimple revolutionary action.
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- I- IM -- mechanization
D --money dinhciro!
A - arms
M - ammunition municdesj
F. --- explosives
Revolutionary logistics takes mechanization as one of its bases.
Nevertheless. mechanization is inseparable from the driver. The urban
guerrilla driver is as important as the urban guerrilla machine gunner.
Without either. the machines do not work. and as such th Butmbilt
like the machine gun becomes a dead thing. An experienced driver
is not made in one day and the apprenticeship must begin early.
Every good urban guerrilla must be a good driver. As to the vehicle,
the urban guerrilla miisi exprcipriate what he needs.
Vt/hen he already has resources. the urban guerrilla can combine
the expropriation oi vehicles with other nieihods oi acquisition.
Money. arms. arnniunitioii and explosives. and automobiles as well.
must be cxpropriated. Ariel the urban guerrilla must rob banlts and
arrriorics and seize explosives and ammunition wherever he findsthem. l
None of these operations is undertaken for lust one purpose. Even
when the assault is for money. the arms that the guards bear must
also be taken.
E.92'PlT|['!ltJlIUlt is the first step in the organi:ntion of our logistics.
which itself assumes an armed and permanently mobile character.
The second step is to reinforce and extend logistics. resorting to
ambushes and traps in'which the enemy will be surprised and his
arnis. ammunition. vehicles. and other resources can be captured.
Once he has the arms, ammunition, and explosives. one of the
most serious logistics problems th_e urban guerrilla faces at any time
and in any situation. is a hiding place in which to leave the material
and appropriate means for transporting it and assembling it where
it is needed. This has to be accomplished even when the enemy is
on the lookout and has the roads blocked.
The knowledge that the urban guerrilla has of the terrain. and the
devices he ufes or is capable of using. such as guides especially
prepared anti recruited for this mission. are the basic elements in the
solution of tl eternal logistics problem the revolutionary faces.
The Teehritq of the Urban Guarrlttl
ln its mos general sense. technique is the combination of methods
man uses to carry out any activity- The activity of the urban
guerrilla consists in waging guerrilla warfare and psychological war-
fare.
The urban guerrilla technique has five basic components:
a! one part is related to the specilic characteristics nf.the situation:
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istics. requisites represented by a series of initial advantages without
which the urban guerrilla cannot achieve his objectives:
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cl one part concerns certain and rletinit-: i li-tr-tries in the -'9292llOI'l'5
initialed by the urban gucrrillti:
d! one part is related to the t-,-pm, ,1,-_,_{ ,Ii.1r.ii-teiistic llI 92 fl'.92' of
action for the urban guerrilla:
e! one part is coqcertied with the Ufb guerrillas method of car-
rying out his specific actions. '
Characteristics of the Urban Guerrilla; Tgghniqug
The technique of the urban giierrilia has the following climacter-
istics:
a! it is. an aggressive technique. or in other worcls. it has Bit
offensive character. As is well ltnovrn. iii.-lensive action means
death for us. Since we are interior to the ent-niv'in fire power
and have neither his resources nor his power force. we HMO!
defend qurselves ag?-'nst an offensive or -"i coiicc-titrated ltck
by the gorillas. And that is the reason wliv our urban technique
Cali never be permtinent, can never defend a fixctl has-e nor remain
in any one spot waitiiig tri repel the circle oi reaction:
bl it is a technique of attatit and retreat by whitli we preserve our
f0rce1;: __
c! it is a technique that aims at the developinent of urban guer-
rilla warfare, whose fun:-lion will be to wear out. dcnioralize. and
distract the enemy forces. permitting the emergence and survival
Of rural guerrilla warfare which is cle~'tine-J to plav the clecisive
role in the revolutionary war.
The tnttial Advantages of the Urban Guerrttta
'1 he dynamics of ui"t-tan guerrilla warfare he in the urban guerrillas
violent clash with the military and police forces of the t.llLli!tO!'Fltl|.'!.
ln this clash, the police have the superiority. The urban guerrilla
has inferior forces. The par-xtlox is that the urban guerrilla. although
weaker, is nevertheless the attaclter.
The military and police forces. for their part. respond to the attack.
by mobilizing and concentrating infinitely superior forces in the
persecution and destruction of the urban guerrilla. He can only
avoid defeat if he counts on the initial acivaiitages he has and ltnows
how to eiiploit them to the end to compensate for his wcalcng-55:5 and
lack of materiel.
The initial advantages are;
1} he must take the enemy by surprise:
2! he must know the terrain of the encounter better than the
enemy:
3! he must have greater mobility and speed than the police and
the other repressive forces: - _
4! his information service must he better ll'IE'|11 the enemy's;
S! he must be iii command of the situation and demonstrate a
decisiveness so great that everyotf 0" °l"' 5"-l-' '5 ' $Pl"d <'1l"192'¢f
thinks of he-sitating, white on the other side the enemy is stunned
and incapable of responding.16 '
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.; _ T" ¢°"'P¢"5l¢ [Or his general weakness and shortage of arms
;i compared to the enemy. the urban guerrilla uses surprise. The enemy
- .1 ;_" has no way to fight surprise and becomes confused or is destroyed.
When urban guerrilla warfare broke out in Brazil, experience
ovecl that surprise was essential to the success of any urban guer-
la operation.
The technique of surprise is based on four essential requisites;
l WE 1*-new the situation of the enemy we are going to attack,
usually by means of precise information and meticulous~observa-
tion. while the enemy does not know he is going to be attacked
and knows nothing about the attacker;
b! we know the force of the enemy that is going to be attacked
and the enemy knows nothing about our force;
cl attacking by surprise. we save and conserve our forces, while
the enemy IS unable to do the same and is left at the mercy of
events; _
ll we determine the hour and thc place of the attack. fix its dura-
tion, -ind establish its obiective. The enemy remains iqnorant of I. a -
all this.
Knowledge of the Terrain
The urban guerrilla's best ally is the terrain and because this is
so he must know it like the palm of his jiaud.
To have the terrain as an ally means to know how to use with
intelligence its unevenness. its high and its low points. its turns. its
irregularities, its regular and its secret passages, abandoned areas.
its thickets. etc.. taking maximum advantage of all this for the success
of armed actions, escapes. retreats, cover, and hiding places.
lts impasses and narrow spots. its gorges, its streets under repair.
police control points, military zones and closed off streets. the en-
trances and exits ol tunnels and those that the enemy can close oll.
viaducts to be crossed. corners controlled by the police or watched.
its lights and signals. all this must be thoroughly known and studied
in order to avoid latal errors.
Our problem is to get through and to know where and how to
hide, leaving the enemy bewildered in areas he doesn't know.
Familiar with the avenues. streets. alleys. ins and outs. and
corners of the urban. centers. its paths and shortcuts, its empty
lots. its underground passages, its pipes and sewer system, the urban
guerrilla safely crosses through the irregular and difficult terrain
unfamiliar to the police. where they can be surprised in a fatal
ambush or trapped at any moment. "'
Because he knows the terrain the guerrilla can go through it on
loot. on bicycle. in automobile. jeep. 0r truck and never be trapped.
Acting ll! small groups with only a lcw people, the guerrillas can
reunite at an hour and place determined beforehand. following up
the attack with new guerrilla operations. or evading the police circle
and disorienting the enemy with their unprecedented audacity..
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_lt_is an insoluble problem tor the police in the labyrinthian terrain
of the urban guerrilla, to get someone they can't see. to repress
someone they can't catch. to close in on someone they can't find.
Our experience is that the ideal urban qui-rrilla is one who operates
in his own city and ltnovrs thoroughly ifs streets. its neighborhoods.
its transit problems. and other peculi.1mi¢§,
The guerrilla outsider, who comes to a city whose corners are
unfamiliar to him. is a weak spot and if he is assigned certain opera-
tions. can endanger them. To avoid grave errors, it is necessary for
him to get to know ,well the layout of the streets.
Mobility and Speocl
To insure a mobility and speed that the police cannot match. the
urban guerrilla needs the following prerequisites:
:1! mechanization:
bl knowledge of the terrain:
c! a rupture or suspension of enemy communications and transport:
dl light arms.
By carefully carrying through operations that last only a few
moments. and leaving the site in rncchanized vehicles. the urban
guerrilla beats a rapid retreat, escaping persecution.
The urban guerrilla must know the way in detail and. in this sense.
must go through the schedule ahead of time as a training to avoid
entering alleyways that have no exit. or running into traffic jams. or
becoming paralyzed by the Transit Department's traffic signals.
The police pursue the urban guerrilla blindly without knowing
which road he is using lor his escape.
While the urban guerrilla quickly flees because he knows the
terrain. the police lose the trail and give up the chase.
The urban guerrilla must launch his operations far from the logistics
base of the police. An initial advantage of this method of operation
is that it places us at a reasonable distance from the possibility of
.-. ..... "oi-92.. ...L:.-Cl. I.-.,-:l.n-.o... ll..- noeqei|!'Cl3C92,l..lLIUIl, WILILII laurnotea utc Gvuvlvlh
ln addition to this necessary precaution. the urban guerrilla must
be concerned with the enemy's communication system. The telephone
is the primary target in preventing the enemy from access to in-
formation by knocking out his eommBl¢ali°'92 5Y5f¢m-
Even if he knows about the guerrilla operation. the enemy depends
on modern transport for his logistics support. and his vehicles neces-
sarily lose time carrying him thrllilh ll"? 5'3"? "all"? Of 15¢ lift!
cities.
It is clear that the tangled and treacherous traffic is a disadvantage
for the enemy. as it would be for us if We were not ahead of him.
If we want to have a safe margin °l Stifllfity and be certain to
leave no tracks for the future, we can adopt ll ! following methods:
a] purposely intercept the police with other vehicles or by ap-parently casual inconveniences ano dama£I¢5: but in this case the
vehicles in question should not bi! l¢9-Bl I101 Should they ha"! Ital
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bl obstruct the roacl with fallen trees. rocks. ditches. false traffic
signs. dead ends or detours, and other ingenious methods:
cl place homemade mines in the way ofthe police. use gasoline. or
throw Molotov cocktails to set their vehicles on tire:
cl! set olf a burst ol machine gun fire or arms such as the PAL
aimed at the motor and the tires of the cars engaged in pursuit.
With the arrogance typical of the police and the military lascist
authorities, the enemy will come to light us with heavy -guns and
equipment and with elaborate maneuvers. by men armed to the teeth.
The urban guerrilla must respond to this Wtllt light weapons easily
transported. so he can always escape with maximum speed, without
ever accepting tJpEn lighting. The urban guerrilla has no mission
other than to attack and retreat.
We would leave ourselves open to the most stunning defeats if we
burdened ourselves with heavy arms and with the tremendous weight
of the ammunition necessary to lire them. at the same time losing our
precious gift of mobility.
when the enemy lights against us with cavalry we are at no disad-
vantage as long as we are mechanized. The automobile goes faster
than the horse. From within the car we also have the target of the
mounted police. knocking him down with machine gun and revolver
fire or with Molotov cocktails and grenades.
On the other hand. it is not so difficult for an urban guerrilla on
foot to make a target of a policeman on horseback. Moreover. ropes
across the streets. marbles. cork stoppers are very elficient methods
Of malting them both fall. The great disadvantage of the mounteil
police is that he presents the urban guerrilla with two excellent tar-
gets: the horse ancl its rider.
Apart lrorn being faster than the horseman, the helicopter has no
better chance in persecution. ll the horse is too slow compared to the
urban guerrilla's automobile. the helicopter is too fast. Moving at 200
kilometers an hour it will never succeed in hitting from above a target
lost among the crowds and the street vehicles. nor can it land in
public streets in order to catch someone. At the same time. whenever
it tries to lly low, it will be excessively vulnerable to the fire of the
urban guerrilla.
information
The possibilities that the overnment has lor discovering and de-SlfD}H1Q the urban guerrillas Fessen as the potential oi the dictatorship's
enemies becomes greater and more concentrated among the popular
masses.
This concentration of opponents of the dictatorship plays a very im-
portant role in providing information as to moves on the part ol the
police and men in government. as well as in hidinq our activities.
The enemy can also he thrown off by lalse iiiformation. which is
worse for him because it is a tremendous waste,
By whatever means. the sources of information at the disposal of
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f. ' the urban guerrilla are potentially better than those of the police. The I
'5, enemy is observed by the people. but he doc, not know who among the
people transmits inforination to the urban l_']'iICffill.lr'l. The military and
l " the police are hated lor the iiijtisticts .-mil violence they commitv ;.
ll I against the people. and this laciliiaies obi.-iiniiig inlormation pre|u-' ' dicial to the activities of government i'tq |1t.'~_
- The inlorniatioii. which is only a small ni-e.t ol popular support. i
"c represents an extraordinary potential in the hnrids of the urban guer-
" rilla The creation of an intelliqence service with an organized struc-' ture is a basic need for us. The urban guerrilla has to have essential _
7 information about the plans and movements oi the enemy. where they .
' _- are. and how they move, the resources of the lirinltiiig networlt. the _
S. means oi communication, and the secret mlt92'CS the eiiezny makes. t
1 _ The trustworthy iiilorniation passed |'Jl{"|"lt] to the Ufbilll gtierrill-1
" .7 represents a well-aimed blow at the cliclatnrsliip. It has no way to
defend itself in the lace of an important leak that jeopardizes its _
interests and lacilitates our destructive attack.r
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The enemy also wants to know what steps we are taking so he -.
R can destroy us or prevent us from acting. ln this sense the danger
t - at betrayal is present and the enemy encourages betrayal or inlil-
- * trates spies into the organization. The tirhiiii giterrilltfs technique
- against this enemy tactic is to denounce publicly the traitors, spies.
informers. and provocateurs. ' _
. Since our struggle takes place among the masses and depends on
tr their syaipatliy - while the government has a bad reputation because
- * of its brutality. corruption, and incompetence -- the inlormers. spies.Li traitors. and the police come to be enemies of the people without
l' supporters. denounced to the urban guerrillas. and. in many eases.
._ t~s _ ,_-_,i ' _-;_-properly punished.For their part the urban guerrilla must not evade the duty -once
_ . be knows who the spy or informer is Bl 'lPl"9 him °"l PhY5' t
l ically. This is the correct method. 3PPl°92'¢d BY he Pe°Pl9~ Mid ll.
.. minimizes considerably the incidenct of infiltration or enemy spying-
" "4 For the complete success of the battle -19i"5l 5P5 nd i"l°Fm¢F5- l 114$ ,,' '~ - it is essential to organize a counterespionage or counterintelligence -at
* 5g]-92'icg_ Ngvg[[hg[¢55_ as far 35 infoririation is concerned. it cannot
' all be reduced to a question ol knowing ll't¢ enemy 5 lI1092'¢5 and 92'°id- _
' V in the infiltration of spies. information _mu_st be broad. it mustQ3 ' embrace everything. includinq the most insignificant matters. There -
b ll t is a technique of obtaining ll!-lDflI't8llO and the ur ttn guerri a mus
master it. Following this technique. information is obtained naturally.
' as a part of the life of the people. _ 'i The urban guerrilla, living in the midst of the people and moving
about among therri. must be attentive to all types of conversations5 i l and human relations, learning how to disguise his interest with great- -.
f skill and judgment. _ _A ' In places there pcopfc wofkl stlldy. hvc, |l 8&5! I0 CDll¢Cl '" 2 ' kinds of information on payments. b"5l"355- Pl3"5'°f all YP¢5- P°l"5
ol view. opinions, pgQp]¢'5 513;; of mind. trips. interiors of buildings. ,.
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offices and rooms. operation centers, etc.
, Ob5¬IVBl.lOI'l, investigation, reconnaissance, and exploration of the
terrain are also excellent sources of information. The urban guerrilla
never goes anywhere absentmindecltv and without revolutionary precau-
tion. always on the lookout lest something occur. Eyes and ears open.
senses alert, his memory engraved with everything necessary. now or
in the future, to the uninterrupted activity of the fighter.
Careful reading of the press with particular attention to the organs
of mass communication. the investigation of accumulated data. the
transmission of news and everything of note. a persistence in being
informed and in informing others. all this makes up the intricate and
immensely complicated question of information which gives the urban
guerrilla a decisive advantage.
I'92-4-lnlnnY&&IQl&II
lt is not enough tor the urban guerrilla to have in his favor sur-
prise. speed. knowledge of the terrain, and information. He must
also demonstrate his command of anv situation and a capacity for
decision wilhcut which all otherdadv-intages will prove useless.
lt is impossible to carry out any action. however well planned. if
the urban guerrilla turns out to be indecisive. uncertain. irreso ute.
Even an action successfully begun can end in defeat if the com-
mand of the situation and the capacity for decision falter in the
middle of the actual execution of the plan. 92'Vhen this command of
the gilttatinn and _a capacity for decision are absent, the void is filled
with vacillation and terror. The enemy takes advantage of this
failure and is able to liquidate us.
The secret for the success of any operation. simple or complicated.
easy or difficult. is to rely on determined rnen. Strictly speaking.
there are no easy operations. All must be carried out with the same
cane exercised in the case of the rr-ost difficult. beginning with the
choice of the human element, which means relying on leadership and
capacity for decision in every test.
One can see ahead of time whether an action will be successful
or not by thelwav its participants act during the preparatory period.
Those who I e behind. who fail to make designated contacts. are
easily confus d. forget things. fail to complete the basic elements
of the work possibly are indecisive men and can be a danger. ItIS better notrto include them.
Decision means to put into practice the plan that has been devised
with determination, with audacity. and with an absolute firmness.
lt takes only one person who vacillates to lose all.
1;-
Objeettves of the Urban Guerrilla: Action! -
With his technique developed and established. the urban guerrilla
bases liimsell on models of action leading to attaclt and. to Brazil.
with the following obiectives:
a! to threaten the triangle in which the Brazilian state system and
North American domination are maintained in Brazil. a triangle
whose points are Rio, S50 Paulo and Bela Horizonte and whose
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base is the axle Rio-Sari Paulo. '92vheii- the {ii-Int iiidiistrial-finan-
cial-economic-political-culturnl-military-police complex that holds the
entire decisive power of the country is located;
bl to weaken the local guards or the security system of the dic-
tatorship, given the fart that we are attackiiig and the gorillas
defending. which means catching the got-ei-nniciit in a defensive po-
sition witli its troops immobilized in defense of the entire complex
of national maintenance. with its ever-present fears of an attack
on its strategic nerve centers. and without ever knowing where.
how. and when that attack will come:
cl to attack on every side wtih many different armed groups. few
in number. each self-contained and operating separately. to
disperse the government forces in their pursuit of a thoroughly
fragijrtiriited organization instead of offering the dictatorship the
opportunity to concentrate its forces of repression on the destruc-
tion of one tightly organized system operating throughout the cotin-
try;
d! to give proof of its combativencss. decision. firmness. determi-
nation. and persistence in the attack on the military clictatorshi inArr:-9 In nbrnnit :" rnalrnfnfc In fnllnul nnr vnrnlb Qnrlv-u92.r I92l yurnins nu niun-v-nuuna u; l92Jll92JI'I van n-nuuuy-u unu nau-
with urban guerrilla tactics. Meanwhile. the government. with all
its problems. incapable of halting guerrillsi operations in the citv.
will lose time and suffer endless attrition and will finally be
forced to piill hack its repressive troops in order to mount guard
over tli: banks. industries. armories. military barracks. prisons.
public offices. radio and television st.1tions_ North American firms.
gas storage tanks, oil refineries. ships. airplanes, ports. airports.
hospitals. health centers, blood banks. stores. garages. embassies.
residences of outstanding members of the regime. such as ministers
and gcnei-als.police stations. and official orgaiii:-ations. etc:
cl to increase urban guerrilla disturliances gradually in an endless
ascendancy of unforeseen actions such that the government troops
cannot leave the urban area to pursue the guerrillas in the interior
witliout running the risk of abandoning the cities and permitting
rebellion to increase on the coast as well as in the interior of the
country;
fl to oblige the army and the police, with the commanders and
their assistants. to change the relative comfort and tranquillity of
their barracks and their usual rest. for a state of alarm and growing
tension in the expectation of attack or in search for tracks that
vanish without a trace:
g! to avoid open battle and decisive combat with the government.
limiting the struggle to brief and rapid attacks with lightning
results:
h! to assure for the urban guerrilla a maximum freedom of ma-
neuvers and of action without ever relinquishing the use of armed
violence. reiiiaining firmly oriented l09292'atd helping the beginning
of rural guerrilla warfare and suPP°"'"!I the construction of the
revolutionary at-my for national libfllm
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rilla does not arbitrarily choose this or that action model.On the Types and Nature of Action Models tor the Urban Guerrilla
' ln order to achieve the objective; previously enumerated. the urban
guerrilla is obliged. in _l1is technique. to follow an action whosenature is as different and as diversified as possible. Fhe urban guer-
Ofl'lC
actions are simple. others are complicated. The urban guerrilla
without experience must be incorporated graduaily into actions and
V urban guerrilla. '-operations that run from the simple to the complex. He begins with
small missions and tasks until he becomes a completely experienced
Before an action the urban iierrilia must thinl-t of the methods v - 9 , -
and the personnel at his disposal to carry out the action. Operations
and actions that demand the urban guerrilla s technical prenaralw
l~i rl nit lwu QDFHPHHF who l;-1t'l<<; [hi-H l£Cl'llllCE!l Skill. cannot .,e carric.. ....i .._. ....... ..- H..- ._-.._ -.__.....
With these cautions. the action models which the urban guerrilla
can carry out are the following:
assaults; .-
raids and penetrations;
mbush:
_ street tactics: _
strikes and work interruptions:
on. explosives:
liberation of prisoners:
executions:
kidnappings:
sabotage; ,
terrorism:
armed propaganda:
war of nerves.
Assaults
Assault is the armed attack which we make to expropriate
liberate prisoners. capture explosives. machine guns. and other
of arms and ammunition.
Assaults can take place in broad daylight or at night.
' banlcs, which is not done at night.desertioris. diversions. seizures. expropriations of arms. ammu-
funds.
types
Daytime assaults are made when the objective cannot be achieved
. at any other hour. as for example. the transport of money by the
Night assault is usually the most advantageous to the urban guer-
rilla. The ideal is for all assaults to take place at night when eon-
ditions for a surprise attack are most favorable and the darkness
facilitates flight and hides the identity of the participants. Theurban
guerrilla must prepare himself, nevertheless, to act under all con-
ditions. daytime as well as nighttime.
The most vuliierable targets for assault are the following:
23 I
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bi commercial antl industrial £t'llE|.'pri9.e92_ inrlntling the prodi-t¬li0=92
ol arms and explosives:
military estalilislimentsl
toininissaries and police stations;
jails:
government property:
mass communication media: _
North American firms and properties;
ll government vehicles. including military and police vehicles.
trucks, armored vehicles. money carriers. trains. ships, and plane5-
The assaults on establishments are ol the same nature because in
every case the property and ouildirigs represent a liiiil target.
Assaults on buildings are conceived as guerrilla operations,-varied
according to whether they are against banks, n commercial enterprise.
industries. military camps. cornmissaries. prisons, radio stations.
warehouses for imperialist firms. etc.
The assaults on vehicles -n:ioney=carrirr.92.. armored cars. trains.
ships, airplanes -» are of another nature 5lll_t ' they are moving targets.
The nature of the operations varies according to the situation and
the possibility -that is. whether the target is stationary or moving.
Armored cars. including military"cars. are not immune to mines.
Obstructed roads. traps. ruses. interception of other vehicles. Molotov
cocktails. shooting with heavy arms. are efficient methods of as-
saulting vehicles.
Heavy vehicles. grounded planes. anchored ships can be seized
and their crews and guards overcome. Airplanes in flight can be
diverted from their course by guerrilla action or by one person.
Ships and trains in movement can he assaulted or taken by guerril-
la operations in order to capture the arms and munitions or to
prevent troop displacernent. _
Tho Bank Assault as Popular Model
TH: range! ngqular ace-null u-nodal 1-92-inlr me. I1 ' . 5 null In i-Q-ii-I.. ... ,, ... ...... . ..-. . _,.....c .............. ... r.......,the urban guerlilla has begun 21 type of organized assault on the
banks as a guerrilla operation. Today this type of assault is widely
used and has served as a sort of preliminary examination for the
urban guerrilla in his apprenticeship for the techniques of revo-
lutionary warfare.
Important innovations in the technique of assaulting bank5 have
developed. guaranteeing flight. the withdrawal of money. and the
anonymity of those involved. Among these innovation; we gig;
shooting the tires of cars to prevent pursuit; locking people in the
bank bathroom, making them sit on the floor; immobilizing the banlt
guards and removing their arms. forcing someone to openwthe coffer
or the strong box: using disguises. - .
Attempts to install bank alarms. to use guards or electronic detec-
tion devices of US origin, prove fruitless when the assault is pom-
ical and is carried out according to urban guerrilla warfare technique.
This technique tries to utilize new resources to meet the eriem92"s
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lrlL'llCill changes. has access tn n f,r¢ power that is growing every
day. becomes increasingly nitrite and au:laciuus_ and uses a larger
numher of revolutionaries every time. all to guarantee the success of
operations planned down to the last detail.
The bani: nssritilt is a typical citpropriation. But. as is true in any
kind of armed expropriatory action. the revolutionary is handicapped
by a two-fold competition:
a! competition from the outlaw;
bl competition from the right-wing counterrevoiuuunary.
This competition produces confusion, which is reflected in the
people's uncertainty. lt is up to the urban guerrilla to prevent this
from happening. and to accomplish this ltc must use two methods:
a! he must avoid the outlaw's technique. which is one of un-
necessary violence and -appropriation of goods and possessions
belonging to the people: __
bl he must use the assault for propaganda purposes. at the very
moment it is taking place. and later distribute material. leaflets.
every possible means of explaining the objectives and the prin-
ciples of the urban guerrilla as expropriatur of the government.
the ruling classes, and imperialism.
Raids Ind Penetration '
Raids and penetrations are quick attacks on establishments located
in neighhcirlioods or even in the center of the city. such as small
military units. cotnmissarics. hospitals. to cause trouble. seize arins.
punish and l¬H'O1'!ZC the enemy. take rcprisal. or rescue wounded
prisoners, or those hospitalized under police vigilance.
Raids and penetrations are also made on garages and depots tn
destroy velzicles and damage installations. especially if they are North
American firms and property.
When they take place on certain stretches of the highway or in
certain distant neighborhoods, the raids can serve to force the enemv
to move great numbers of troops. a totally useless effort since he
will iind nobody there to light.
Vtlhen they are carried out in certain houses. offices. archives. or
public offices. their purpose is to capture or search for secret papers
and documents with which to denounce involvements, compromises.
and the corruption of men in government. their dirty deals and
criminal transactiorisv.-ith the North Americans.
Raids and penetrations are most effective if they are carried out
at night.
Occupations
Occupations are a type of attack carried out when the urban
guerrilla stations himself in specific establishments and locations for
a temporary resistance against the enemy or for some propaganda
purpose.
The occupation of factories and schools during strikes or at other
times is a method of protest or of distracting the enemy's attention.
35-
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The occupation oi radio stations is Inr propaganda purposes.
Occupation is a highly effective nio<li:I hr action but. in order to
prevent losses and material damage to our ranks. it is always a 9001
idea to count on the possibility ol withdrawal. lt must always be
meticulously planned and carried out at the opportune ntornent.
Occupation always has a time limit and the taster it is completed.
the better. ' _
Ambush _
Arnbushes are attacks typified by surprise when the enet§iY '3
trapped across a road or when he makes ti police net surrounding
a house or an estate. A false message can bring the enemy to the
spot where he falls into the trap. --_
The principal object of the ambush tactic is to capture enemy arm!
and punish him with death.
Ainbushes to halt passenger trains are lor propaganda purposes
and, when they are troop trains. the object is to annihilate the
enemy and seize his arms.
The urban guerrilla sniper is the lzind of liqliter es ecially suitedfor ambush because he can hideeasily in the irregulltrities of the
terrain. on the tools and the tops oi buildings and apartments
under construction. From windows and darlt places. he can take
careful aim at his chosen target.
Ambush has devastating ellects on the enemy, leaving him un-
nerved. insecure, and fearful.
Street Tactics
Street tactics are used to fight the enemy in the streets. utilizing
the participation of the masses against him.
ln I968 the Brazilian students used excellent street tactics against
police troops. such as marching down streets against traffic. utilizing
slings and marbles as arms against the mounted police.
Qthcr street tactics consist in constructing barricades; pulling up
paving blocks and hurling them at the police: throwing bottles. bricks.
paperweights. and other projectiles from the top of apartment and
ollice buildings against the police: using buildings under construc-
tion lor llight. for hiding. and [or supporting surprise attacks.
It is equally necessary to know how to respond to enemy tactics.
When the police troops come protected with helmets to defend
themselves against flying objects. We lift"! 10 divide ourselves into
two teams: one to attack the enemy from the lront. the other to
attack him in the rear, withdrawing one as the other goes into action
to prevent the first lrorn becoming B lBf9¢l l°r projectiles hurled by
the second.
By the some token it is important to know how to respond to the
police net. When the police designate certain Of their men to go
into the masses to arrest a demonsli-'llD1'.a larger group of urban
guerrillas must surround the pnlicr 9"°"P- disarming and beating
them and at the same time letting the prisoner escape. This urban
_ou_=:r:illa operation is called the net witiliiri the net.
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92'92/lien the p lice net is formed at a school building. a factory.
a place where the masses assemble. or some other point, the urban
guerrilla must not give tip or allow htmscll to be taken by surprise.
To make his net work the enemy is obliged to transport the police
in vehicles and special cars to occupy strategic points in the streets
in order to invade the building or chosen locale. The urban guerrilla.
for his part. must never clear a building or an area and meet in it
without first knowing its exits. the way to break the circle. the stra-
tegic p0inl.5 that the police might occupy, and the roads that inevitably
lead into the net. and he must hold other strategic points lrom which
to strike at the enemy.
The roads followed by the police vehicles must be mined at key
points along the way and at forced stopping ints. When the minesexplode. the vehicles will lly into the air. "la: police will be caught
in the trap and will Stiller losses or will be victims of ambush.
The net must be broken by escape routes unknown to the police.
The rigorous Dlanning of the retreat is the best "way oi frustratingany encircling ellort on the part of the enemy.
Vhen there is no possibility ol a flight plan. the urban guerrilla
must not hold meetings. assemblies. or do anything else since to do
so will prevent him from breaking through the net the enemy will
surely try to throw around him.
Street tactics have revealed a new type of urban guerrilla. the
urban guerrilla who participates in mass demonstrations. This_is
the type we designate as the urban guerrilla demonstrator. who joins
the ranks and participates in popular marches with specific and
definite aims.
These aims consist in hurling stones and projectiles of every type.
using gasoline to start lires. using the police as a tat et for theirFire arms. capturing police arms. kidnapping agents ol the enemy
and provocateurs. shooting with _careful aim at the henchmen tor-
turrrs and the police chiefs who come in special cars with false
plates in order not to attract attention.
The urban guerrilla demonstrator shows groups in the mass dem-
onstration the flight route if that is necessary. He plants mines.
throws Molotov cocktails, prepares ambushes and explosions.
The urban guerrilla demonstrator must also initiate the net within
the net. goin through government vehicles. ollicial cars, and police
vehicles belo : turning them over or setting them on fire. to see if
any of them ave money and arms.
Snipers at very good for mass demonstrations and. along with
the urban guerrilla demonstrators. can play a valuable role.
Hidden at strategic points. the snipers have complete success,
using shotguns. machine guns. etc. whose. fire and recoil easily
cause losses among the enemy. -
Strlttss Ind Work Interruptions _
The strike is a model of action employed by the urban guerrilla
in work centers and schools to damage the enemy by stopping work
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and study activities. Because it is one of the weapons most feared
by the exploiters and oppressors. the i,-iiemv rises tremendous light-
ing power and incredible violence aciaiit.-.t it. The strikers are taken to
prison. suffer beatings, and many of tlii-m wind tip assassinated.
The urban guerrilla must prepare the strilte in such a way as to
leave no tracks or clues that identify the leaders of the action.
A strike is siiccesslul when it is oi-gamzed through the action of
at small group. if it is carefully prepared in secret and by the most
clandestine methods.
Arms. ammtinition, Molotovs. hemeni.-ide weapons of destruction
and attack, all this must be supplied beforehaiirl in order to meet
the enemy. So that it can do the greatest possible damage, it is a
good idea to study and put into effect a sabotage plan.
Work and study interruptions, although they are of briel cliiration.
cause se'92-ere damage to the enemy. lt is enough for them to crop
tip at different points and in different sections of the same area.
disrupting daily lile. eccurringdendlessly one alter the other. in au-
thentie guerrilla fashion.
ln strikes or simple work interruptions, the urban guerrilla has
recourse to occupation or penetration of the locale or can simply
make a raid. ln that case his Objective is to take hostages. to cap-
ture prisoners or to kidnap enemy agents and propose an exchange
for the arrested strikers.
tn certain cases. strikes and brief trail: intc-ri"riptioris can offer an
excellent 0pp0t'tur.it_v for preparing aiiiliuslies or traps whose aim is
the physical liquidation ol the criiel bloody police.
The basic lact is that the enemy suffers losses and material and
moral damage. and is weakened by the action.
Desertiorts, Dlveraions, Selzureii E¥Pf°P"lnl° °' " 5i A""" ""m°"I
Explosives
Desertion and the diversion of aims are actions effected in mili-
tary camps. ships, military l'lOSpitE1li. etc. The urban guerrilla sol-
dier. chief. sergeant, sttbollicial. and olficial must desert at the most
opportune moment with modern arms and ammunition to hand them
over for the use of the Brazilian revoliitioii.
One of the opportune moments is when the military urban guer-
rilla is called upon to pursue and to fight his guerrilla comrades
outside the military quarters. lnstead of following the orders of the
gorillas. the military urban guerrilla mtist l°in the revolutionaries by
handing over the arms and ammunition he carries, or the militaty
plane he pilots. r
T1 advantage Qt this mgrtwd is that the revolutionaries receive
arms and ammunition from the army. the navy, and the air force.
the military police. the civilian g11i"d~ °1' ll ? llfemc" -'lll92'°"l 3"!
great work, since it reaches their hands by government transport.Other opportunities may occur in the barracks. and the military
urban guerrilla must always be alert to this. In case of carelessness
on the part of the commanders or in other favorable. conditions.
28
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such as bureaucratic attitudes and behavior or relaxation oi
phne on the part of snblieutenants anal other internal personnel. the
military urban guerrilla must no longer wait but must try to advise
the organizations and desert alone or accompanied, but with as large
a supply of arms as possible.
92,92,tll'I information lrorn and participation ol military urban
guerrilla, raids on barracks and other military ¢5tabli5l1m¢nl$ 101'
the purpose of capturing arms can be organized. g
When there is no possibility of dcserting and taking arms and
ammunition, the military urban guerrilla must engage in sabotage.
starting explosions and lires in munitions and gunpowder.
This technique of deserting with arms and ammunition. of raid
mg and sabotaging the military centers, is the best way of wearing
out and demoralizing the gorillas and oi leaving them confused.
The urban guerrillas purpose in disarming an individual enemy
ie In raw-thin: I-tie :11-rne Three :11-rne. =1-0 tntitnllu in ll-92P hanrlc hf I211- .., av 92,a.,.....92, I|liI -....... -.._.... -...._. ts... ..-...-.--.1. ... ...- ..-..-.. ..- --.-
tinels or others whose task is guard duty or repression.
' The capture of arms may be accomplished by violent means or
d by astuteness and by tricks or traps. When the enemy is disarme .
he must be searched Ior arms other than those already taken from
him. ll we are careless. he can use the arms that were not seized
to shoot the urban guerrilla.
The seizure oi arms is an efficient method of acquiring machine
guns. the tirlian guerrilla's most important arms. -
Wlieii we carry out small operations or actions to seize arms and
iiuimunitions, the material captured may be for personal use or lot
arnizunents and supplies for the firing groups.
The necessity to provide firing power lor the urban guerrilla is
tn great that. in order-to take oli li't"IIll zero point we often have to
purchase one weapon. divert_ or capture n single arm. The basic
§13:t1l is to begin. and to begin with .1 great spirit of decisiveriess
and of boldness. The possession ol a single arm multiplies our
forces.
In a bank assault. we must be carelul to seize the arm or arms
oi the bank gt:Ft'.':l. The remainder of the arms we find with the
treasurer. the bank teller. or the manager must also be seized ahead
of time.
The other method we can use to capture arms is the prepara-
tion oi ambushes against the police and the cars they use to move
around in.
Quite often we succeed in capturing arms in the police commis-
saries as a result oi raids from outside.
The Hprvptiation oi arms, ammunition. and explosives is the
urban guerrillas goal in assaulting commercial houses. industries.
anti quarries.
Llboretlnn OI Prisoners
The liberation of prisoners is an armed operation designed to lree
the iailed urban guerrilla. in daily struggle against the enemy. the
29
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urhari guerrilla is subject to arrest niij r-an he i-eiiteiired to unlintited
year-5 in j.-iil. This does riot mean that the ri-vnliitionary-battle stops
here. For the guerrilla. his experience I5 deepened by prism! and
continues even in the 92.ltlngt:0ns where he is held.
The iriiprisoneel urban guerrilla vir92ii-s pail as a terrain ll! B1115!
dominate and understand in order to free himself by it gtI¢1I'ill3
operation. There is no prison. either on an island, in a city peniten-
tiary, or on ti farm, that is impregnahle to the slyness, the cleverness.
and the firing potential of the revoltitionaries.
The urban guerrilla who is free view.-i the penal estriblishmtnis
of the enemy as the inevitable site of guerrilla actioii-designed to
liberate his ideological brothers front prison.
It is this combination of the urban guerrilla in freedom and the
urban guerrilla in jail that result; in the armed operations we refer
to as the liberation of prisoners.
The guerrilla operations that can be used in liberating prisoners
are the following:
a! riots in penal establishments. in correctional colonies and is-
lands, or on transport or prison ships:
bl assaults on urban or rural penitentiaries. houses ntiori.
commissaries, prisoner depots. orany other permanent. occasional.
or temporary place where prisoners are held;
cl assaults on prisoner transport trains and cars:
dl raids and penetrations of prisons:
e! ambushing of guards who are moving prisoners.
Execution
Execution is the ltilling of a North Aniericaii spy. of an agent of
the dictatorship. of a police to_rttirer. of .1 fascist personality in the
government involved in crimes and persecutions against patriots. nl
-a stool pigeon. informer. police agent. or police prove-cateiir.
Those who go to the police of their own free will to make denun-
ciations and accusations. who supply clues and information and fin-
ger people. mtist also be executed when they are caught by the
urban gue illa.
Exgculi 1 is 3 gggygt actign in which the least possible number
of urban _uerrillas are involved. lti many en-es. the execution can
be carrie out by one sniper, patiently. alrine and unknown, and
operating in absolute secrecy and in cold blood.
Kidnapping
Kidnapping is capturing and holdin in it secret spot a police
agent. a North American spy, a political personality. or a notorious
and dangerous enemy of the re92'Olu"°"i"3-' "'°92'92'=m¢tit-
Kidnapping IS u=ed to exchange or liberate imprisoned revolutionary
comrades. or to force suspension of torture in the jail cells of the
military dictatorship.The kidnapping of personalities who are ltnown artists. sports
figures. or are outstanding in some other held, but who have QUI-
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dented no political interest, can be a ttselul lorm of propaganda [or
the revolutionary and patriotic principles ol the urban guerrilla pro-
vided it occurs under special circuntstancts. and the kidnapping E8
handled so that the public sympathize; with it and accepts it.
The kidnapping of North American residents or visitors in Brazil
constitutes a form oi protest against the penetration and domination
of United States imperialism in out country.
SabotageSabotage is a highly destructive type ol attack using verg few
persons and sometimes requiring only one to ncromplish~the esired
result. 92Vhen the urban guerrilla uses sabotage the first phase is
isolated sabotage. Then comes the phase of dispersed and general-
izecl sabotage. carried out by the people.
Wellexccutcd sabotage demands study, planning. and careful
execution. A characteristic form of sabotage is explosion using dy-
namite. lire. and the placing of mines.
A little sand. a trickle of any ltincl oi combustible. a poor lubri-
cation, a screw removed. .1 short circuit. pieces oi wood or of iron.
can cause irreparable damage.
The obiective of sabotage is to hurt. to damage. to make useless
and to destroy vital enemy points such as the following:
al the economy of the country:
bl agricultural or industrial production;
cl transport and communication systems:
d! the military and police systems and their establishments and
deposits:
e! the repressive military-police system:
ll the lirrns and properties, of North Americans in. the country.
The urban guerrilla should endanger the economy of the country.
particularly its economic and financial aspects, such as its domestic
and foreign comtnercial network its exchange and banking systems.
its tax collection system, and others.
Public lices. centers of government services. government ware-
houses. ar easy targets for sabotage.
Nor wi it be easy to prevent the sabotage ol agricultural and
industrial reduction by the urban guerrilla, with his thorough know-
ledge of re local situation.
lndustr al workers acting as urban guerrillas are excellent indus-
trial salioteurs since they, better than anyone. understand the industry.
the factory, the machine. or the part most likely to destroy an entire
operation. doing lnr more damage than_.a poorly informed layman
could do.
With respect to the enemy's transport and communication systems.
beginning with railway trallicgit is necessary to attack them system-
atically with sabotage arms.
The only caution is against causing death and fatal injury to pas-
sengers. .'S]I£t.'l.'tlls' regular commuters on suburban and long-distance
trains. H . 31
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Attacks on lrcighi ttoitis. rolling ti; ct,|t|t,in.tr92' stock. stoppage ol
inilttziry traiisport and communication .-v.-it-iii.-. the:-c are the majorsabotage UbitCl_t92't!s in this area. ' i
Sleepers can be daninged and pellet! tip as can rails. A tunnel
blocked by a bt'|Il'Kl' alter an e.92plos.o:i.' nit nbsirtiction by :i derailed
car. catisc treniciitltius .l'Ii.ll'l.
The derailnieitt ol .1 CilIt]O train cant-inq lucl is of I'i92¬l]O1 damage
to the eneiny. So is dt naniitmg I-]Il9292{l92 bridges. In .1 system where
the weight and the st:c ct the-rollinq equipment IS enOI'mOtI5. il
taltes rnontlis for 9292-orlters to tepiiir or rebtitld the destruction anddatnage. _
As lot hiqliways. they can be obstructed bv trees, stationary vehi-
cles. ditches. dislocations of barriers lw dvnainite and bridges blownup by C.92PlOS|Ol"l. A '
Ships can be damaged at illlCliOI in .=¢,i;-oits. .-ind river ports or in
the shipyards. Airplanes can be destroyed or s.-ibot.-itiecl on the qrotincl.
' Telephonic and tcleqtziphic lint-s can be systrniatically d<'tIllilQC l.
their towers blown up. and their lines made ttsclcss,
Transport and communications must be sabotaged at once because
the t'e92'0li.tttOnat$* war has already begun in Br:i:tl and it ts essential
to impede the eiienits movement ol troops and munitions.
Oil lines. fuel plants. depots lor bombs and aiiitnutiition. powder
itiagazincs and arsenals. military enirips ceniini<.<.iiit-s mttst become
targets par excellence in sabotage opctatioiis. wliilc vehicles. army
trucks. and other military rind police cars itiust be elestroyed wherever
they are found.
The rntlitarv and police repression centers and their specific and
$PCCl3llZ¬t.l OIQ3ll;>. must .-Tao claim the attention ol the urban guerrilla
saboteur. ,
North Artierican firms and properties iti the con:-ttry. for their part.
-tnust become such lrequent targets ol sabotage that the volume of
actions directed against them surpasses the total ol all other actions
against vital enemy points.
Terrorism
Tcriorisni IS an action. usually involviil ll" Pl-C<m¢"l Ol it bmb
or lite explosion of great destruci92'~'¢ t'*0 '¢F- 9292l92l<l92 i5 Ctwblt ol el-
lecting irreparable loss against the ¢=92y~
Tcrruflsm requires [hat [ht U1-ban gklffflll Sl'lOUld ITBVC an adcqltl-31¢
theoretical and practical ltriov.-ledge ol l-tow to n1-ll-tr ¢-=Pl°5iVP$-
The terroristic ?CI. apart lrom ll" °PP?.'""" llity Will! -92t'l1l¢l1 3
can be carried out. is no dillcrcnt lrom other urban guerrilla acts
and actions whose success depends mi "W Dlimltlg and determination
of the revolutionary organization. It is an iistwn the urban guerrilla
rnttst execute with the greatest coltl bluodedness, cali-riness. and
decision.Although terrorism generally !I'l92'Ol92¬5 an e-tplm-Ion. there are casts
in which it may also be carried out lit ¢-Wcution arid the systematic
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burning of installations. properties. anl North American depots. plan-
tations. etc. lt is CS5-Clllldl to point nut the importance of lites and the
coiistrurtioi: oi incendiary bombs such as gasoline bombs in the tech=
ntque of revolutionary terrorism. Am ,uer thing is the importance ul
the material the urban guerrilla can |-ersuade the people to expro-
priate in moments of hunger and scarcity resulting from the greed of
the big commercial interests.
Terrorism is an arm the revolutionary can never relinquish.- . t
Armed Propaganda "
The coordination oi urban guerrilla actions. including each armeil
action. is the principal way of making armed propaganda.
These actions. carried out with specific and determined objectives.
inevitably become propaganda material for the mass communications
system. ._
Bank assaults, ambushcs. desertions and diverting of arms, the res-
cue of prisoners. executions. kidnappings. sabotage. terrorism. and
the war of nerves. are all eases in point.
Airplanes diverted in flight by revolutionary action. movint ships
and trains assaulted and seized by guerrillas, can also be solely lor
propaganda effects.
But the urban guerrilla must never lail to install a clandestine press
and must be able to turn out iinimeographed copies using alcohol or
electric plates and other duplicating apparatus. expropriating what he
cannot buy in order to produce small clandestine newspapers. pam-
phlets. ilyers. and stamps for propaganda and agitation against thedictatorship. . '
The urban guerrilla engaged in clandestine printing facilitates enor-
mously the incorporation of large numbers of people into the revolu-
tionary struggle. by opening a permanent work front for those willing
to carry on revolutionary propaganda. even when to do so means
acting alone and risking their lives as revolutionaries.
With the existence of clandestine propaganda and agitational
material, the inventive spirit oi the urban guerrilla expands and
creates catapults, artifacts. mortars. and other instruments with which
to distribute the antigovcrnment pamphlets at a distance. '
Tape recordings. the occupation of radio stations. and the use of
loudspeakers, drawings on walls and in other inaccessible places are
other forms of propaganda.
In using them. the urban guerrilla should give them the character
of armed Operations. _
A consistent propaganda by letters sent to specific addresses. ex-
plaining the meaning of the urban guerrillas armed actions. produces
considerable results and is one method of influencing certain segments
of the population. _
Even this inlluence exercised in the heart oi the people by every
possible propaganda device revolving arountl the activity of the urban
guerrilla dues not iitclicate that our for-:es have everyone's support.
lt is enuigh to win the support ol a part of the people and this
33
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can ht done by PD[!llli'll'l2l]lq tltl liillnwinq slogan: "Let he who Clgi-1-Sl SInot vt-isll to do aiiytliing for the in-oiiitioiiaries, do nothing again
them."
The War at Nerves
The war of nerves or psychotogicai war is an aggressive technique.
'-av" on the direct or indirect use of mass means o! communication Q . .92.l
and news transmitted orally in order to denioralize the government.' - " ' dl :1-l s chcilogical warfare, the got-erniiient is always at a isa 11 P Yvantage since it imposes censorship on the mass media and winds up. . . _ . . . Hin a defensive position by not allowing anything against it to iter
Ihrllh.....,..,,... _ g. . ._ . ta_At this oint it becomes desperate. is involved Il I__§|¬-REF con r P
dictioiis and loss of prestige. and loses tiiiie and energy in an ex-
hausting effort at control which is subject to being broken at any
l'nDlTlCl'|l.
The object of the war of nerves is to Il92l5H1fOII'l l. spreading lies
among the authorities. in which everyone can participate, thus creating
an air of i-iei-votisness, discredit. insecurity. uncertainty. and concern
on the part of the government.
The best methods used by the urban guerrilla in the war of nerves
are the following: _
al using the telephone and the mail to announce false clues to the
police and the government. iiieltitling information on the planting
of bombs ant] any other act of 92Cl'l'Ol'l92I"1 in public offices and other
places. lticlnrippii.g and iassassitintioii plans, etc., to oblige the
aiithoritics to wear themselves out, following up the inlonnation fe-cl
them:
bl letting false plrin-. tall iiito the hands of the police to divert
their attention: . _
cl planting rumors to make the government uneasy;
cl} exploiting by every means possible the corruption. the errors.
and the failures of the government and its representatives. forcing
them into demoralizing explanations and iustifications in the very
mass coinmtinication media they maintain under censorship:
e! presenting denunciations to foreign embassies, the United Na-
tions. the papal nunciariire. and the iiitcriiaitioiml judicial comrriisstons
defending human rights or irecdoiri of the press. exposing each
oncrete violation and use oi violence by the military dictatorship c .
and rnaltinq it known that the revolutioriory war will continue its
course with serious danger for the enemies of the people.
How to Curry Out the Action
The urban guerrilla who correctly f"""°-'5 h'°"9h his aPP1'9l"lC¢5h'P
and traininq must give the grcilli ""P°"i!"¢¢ .10 his n1e1l'IOd Ol
r in oul action for in this he cannot coinrrtil the slightest error. car y g , _ gAny carelessness in the assimilation of the method and its use
invites certain disaster. as expcrifnf 92"<l1@5 "cry day.
The outlaws commit errors frc<ll"l'"li' bctatise of their methods. and
_ f_this is one oi the reasons why the 92"b"" tiulla iiwiit be so itwis
34
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ently preoccupied with following the revolutionary technique and not
the technique of the bandits.
And not only for that reason. There is no urban guerrilla worthy
of the name who ignores the revolutionary method of action and fails
to "practice it rigorously in_ the planning and execution of hiskactivkity.
IHC Qlal 15 KHOWH DY HIS OE. lll FBUTQ can DC SCHG OI III! Ul'DCII'I
guerrilla who is known from afar for his correct methods and his
absolute fidelity to principles.
The revolutionary method of carrying out action is strongly anrlforcefully based on the knowledge and use of the following elements:
l:92 |'nLr0cHn:.ihr92n rt infnrrnaltnnt.- -.-.92_...."... .--- 92Jl llll92JllllIl92I92IIl|
observation or paquera ""
reconnaissance or exploration of the terrain:
study and timing of routes:
mapping:
mechanization:
selection of personnel and relief;
selection of firing capacity:
study and practice in completion;
ompletion:
cover:
l'Bf1'¬i'|l§
ml dispersal:
n! liberation or transfer of prisoners:0; elimination of clues:
Gp rescue of wounded.
Som uoservations on the Method
Wheii there is no information. the point of departure for the plan-
ning of the action must be investigation. observation. or paquera. This
method also has good results. '
ln any event. including when there -is information. it is essential
to take observations or paqnera. to see that the information is not at
odds with observation or vice versa.
Reconnaissance or exploration of the terrain. study and timing of
routes re so important that to omit them is to make a stab in thedark. 1
Mechrinizntion. in general. is an underestimated factor in th =od of nducting the action. Fregucntly mechanization is left
end. t the eve of the action, be ore anything is done about it.
This is an error. Mechariization must be considered seriously. must
be undertaken with considerable foresight and according to careful
planning. also based on information. observation. or naquera. and must
be carried out with rigorous care and precision. The care. conserva-
tion. maintenance. and camouflaging of the vehicles expropriated are
very important details of mechanization. _
I In Brazil the expression [seer 1 psquern is 1-lied to designate the preparations
Ior hunting paea, a mammal rodent of South American origin. B! extension,
the term Tries-era is used as n ii--===F-'=- ier checking or viiitrinee.
Editor's note!
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Whcii transport fails. the principal ;| ti, -11 [ails with serious moral
and material consequences for the uihan tjtlfrfllltl activity.
The selection of personnel requires great care to avoid the in-
'cltision of indecisive or vacillatiiig personnel with the danger of con-
taminating the other participants. a diftuultv that must be avoided.
The withdrawal is equally or more important than the operation
itself. to the point that it must be rigorously planned. including the
possibility of lniliire.
One must avoid rescue or transfer ol prisoners with children pres-
ent. or anything to attract the atteniicn oi people in casual transit
through the area. The best thing is to mu]-re the rescue as natural as
possible, always winding through. or using dillererit routes ofnarrow
streets that scarcely permit passage on loot. to aroicl an encounter of
two curs. The elimination oi tracks is obligatory and demands the
greatest caution in hiding llIlQl'3I'PrlHl5 .-ind any other sign that could
give the ciieniv information. Lack of cote tl'| the elimination of tracks
and clues is a lncior that increases iiervousiicss in our ranks and which
the enemy often exploits.
Rescue oi the Wounded
The problem of the wounded in urban guerrilla warfare merits
special attention. During guerrilla operations in the urban area it may
happen that some comrade is accidentally wounded or shot by the
police. When a guerrilla in the firing group has a knowledge of first
aid he can do something for the wounded comrade on the spot. ln no
circumstances can the wounded urban guerrilla be abandoned at the
site of the battle or left to the eneinys hands.
One of the pi-ecautioi-is we must take is to set up nursing courses
for men and women. courses in which the urban guerrilla can matric-
ulate and learn the elementary techniques of first aid.
The urltiain guerrilla doctor. student of medicine, nurse, pharmaco-
logist, or simply the person trained in first aid. is a necessity in incid-ern revolutionary struggle.A small manual o. first aid ltit the urban guerrilla. printed on
riiimeographed sheets, can also be underttlkfit by anyone who has
enough knowledge.ln planning and completing an arined action. the urban guerrilla
cannot forget the organization of medical logistics. This will be accom-
plished by means of a mobile or motoriccd clinic. You can also set
up a mobile first aid station_ Another solution is to utilize the skills
of a nursing comrade who waits with his bag of equipment in a
designated house to which the Wovdl or! brought.
The idea] would be to have our own well eguipped clinic. _but this
is very costly unless we use eitproprialcd materials. ,
When all else fails. it is often necessary to resort to legal clinics.
using armed force if necessary to demand that the doctors attend to
our wouiitled.
ln the eventuality that we fall baclt on hlood banks to buy blood
or whole plasma, we rriust notuselei]?-l -Idlf-"--=5 and certainly noti
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addresses where the wounded can really be found, since they are
under our care and protection. Nor should we supply addresses of
those involved in the organization's clandestine work to the hospitals
and health centers where we take tlieiri. Such concerns are indis-
pensable to cover any track or clue.
The houses in which the wounded stay cannot be known to anybody
with the unique and exclusive exception of the small group of com-
rades responsible for their treatment and transport.
Sheets. bloody clothing, medicine. and any other indication of
treatment of the comrades wounded in combat with the police. most
be completely eliminated from any place they visit to rece_i92:_e medical
treatment.
Guerrilla Security
The urban guerrilla lives in constant danger of the possibility of
being discovered or denounced. The chiel security problem is to
malte certain that we are well hidden and well guarded, and that
there are secure methods to lteep the police from locating us or our
whereabouts. t- '
The worst enemy of the urban guerrilla and the major danger we
run is infiltration into our organization by a spy or an informer.
The spy trapped Wi92hi|1 the organization will be punished with
death. The same goes for those who desert and inform to the police.
A good security is the certainty that the enemy has no spies and
agents infiltrated in our midst and can receive no information about
us even by indirect or distant means. The fundamental way to insure
this is to be cautious and strict in recruiting.
Nor is it permissible for everyone to know everyone and every-
thing else. Each person should lcnow only what relates to his work.
This rule is a fundamental point-in the abc's of urban guerrilla se-
curity.
The battle that we are waging against the enemy is arduous and
difficult because it is a class struggle. Every class struggle is a
battle of life or death when the classes are aiitagoiiistic.
The enemy wants to annihilate its and fights relentlessly to find
us and destro_ iis. so that our great weapon consists in hiding from
him and attac iiig him by surprise.
The dange to the urban guerrilla is that he may reveal himself
through impr clence or allow himself to be discovered through lack
of class vigil nee. It is iiiadinissible for the urban guerrilla to give
out his own or any other clandestine address to the enemy or to tall:
too much. Annotations in the margins ol newspaper-s_ I05; dgqumgms,
calling cards. letters or notes. all these are clues that the police l'l¢Vcl'
underestimate.
Address and telephone boolts must be destroyed and one must not
write or hold papers: it is necessary to avoid keeping archives of
legal or illegal names. biographical information, maps. and plans. The
points of contact should not be written down but simplv committedto memory. '
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The urban guerrilla who violatc.~;_thc;-- rules must lie warned by
the first one who notes his infraction and. if he repeats it, we must
-avoid working with him.
The need of the urban guerrilla to mt-ire about constantly and the
relative proiiirnity of the police. given the ri'rcuni.<tnnccs Of the strat-
egic pOlic'E net which surioiinds the city. lorces hiiii tt: adopt variable
security methods depending on the eiicmys movements.
For this reason it is necessary to maintain a service of daily news
about what the enemy appears to be'cloiiig,' where his police net is
Operating and what gorges and points of strangulation are being
watched. The daily reading of police news in the newspapers is a
great loiiiitriin of information in these r.-isrs.
The most important lesson for guerrilla security is never. under
any circumstances. to permit the slighti-_~.t sign of laxity in the main-
tenance of security measures and rcgiilatiotis within the organization.
Guerrilla security must he niaintainctl:il>.ii.1utl principally iii cases of
arrest. The arrested guerrilla can reveal nothing to the police that will
jeopardize the organization He Can say nothing that may lead, as
a consequence. to the arrest of other cotiirridcs. the discovery of ad-
dresses and hiding places. t.-ie loss of arms and ammunition.
The Seven Sine of the Urbain Guerrilla
Even when tiie urban guerrilla applies his f'92'OlUllOttZll'!' technique
with precision and rigorously abides bv security rules. he can still
be vulnerable to errors. There is no perfect urban guerrilla. The
most he can do is to make every ellort to diniinish tlie margin of error
since lit! Ulitbt be perfect,
One of the mell't0:ls we should use to tiirninish the margin of error
is to know thoroughly the seven sms of the urban guerrilla and try
to fight them.
The first sin of the urban guerrilla is iiicxperience. The urban
guerrilla, blinded by this sin, lhinlts the enemy is stupid. underesti-
niates his intelligence. believes everythiiig is easy and. as a result.
leaves clues that can lead to his disaster.
Because of his inexperience. the urban guerrilla can also overestimate
the forces of the enemy. believing them to be stronger than they really
are. Allowing himself to be fooled by this presumption. the urban
guerrilla becomes intimidated. and remains insecure and indecisive.
paralyzed and lacking in audacity.
The second sin of the urban guerrilla is to boast about the actions he
has completed and broadcast them to the four }-92'lI1ClS.
The third sin of the urban guerrilla is 92-anit'92'-. The urban guerrilla
who suffers from this sin tries to s0l92'¢ ll"- Ofblcms of the revolution
by actions erupting in the city. but without bothering about the begin-
nings and the survival of the gut-rrillzi in rural areas. Blinded by
success. he winds up organizing an -ifiiii that lie considers clecisive
and that puts into play all the forces and resources of the organization.
Since the city is the area of the sin-"~i1i¬ circle which we cannot avoid
33 '
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&---'-.----- - aor lireak wliile rur.il guerrilla xi-;irl'nrr has not yet erupterl antl is not
at the point oi triumph. 9292't .1i9292-avs iiitt the iatal error oi perttiittirig
the eticiiiy to ntlaclt us with 'll. l92t92t blows.
. _ hThe lourth sin of the urban guerrilla is to exaggerate his strerigt
d ei, does. and to undertake projects for which he lacks forces an . as y
not have the required infrastructure.
the ltlth sin 0| the urban guerrilla is precipitous action. the urban
guerrilla who commits this sin loses patience. sullers an attaclt of
i ' - - ' l1 hmsellnerves. does not wait for 3It!llHI]t|_ and tmpetuously t rows i
into action. suffering untold reverses.
The sixth sin of the urban guerrilla is to attack the enemy when
he is most angry.
The seventh sin of the urban guerrilla is to lriil to plan things. and
to act out ol llTlpl'D92'tSi.lllOl-"l.
Popular Support
One ol the permanent concerns ul the urban gufrrilla is his identi-
fication with popular causes to Win public support.
Vlfhcre government actions become inept nnd corrupt. the urban
guerrilla should not hesitate to step in to show that he opposes the
gm-erninent and to gain mass sympathy. The present government.
for example. imposes heavy firiaiicicil burdens and excessively high
IHLCS on the people. It is up to the urban guerrilla to attack the
dictators!-iip's tax collection system and to obstrtict its linancial activity.
throwitir; all the wcighr of violent revolutionary action against it.-
The urban guerrilla lights not only to upset the tax and collection
h ri of revoluiionarv violence must also be directed against system: t e art V _
those government organs that raise prices and those who direct them.
as 92i'k'¬ll as against the 92-'Ci3lll'lt£5l of the national and foreign profitects
and the iii-ioottant property owners; in short. against all those who
accumulate huge fortunes out ol the high cost of living, the wages ofhunger. excessive prices anci rents.
Foreign trusts. such as refrigeration and other North American
plants that m0nOpOli2e the market and the manulacture of general food
supplies. must be systematically attacked by the urban guerrilla.
The ebellion of the urban guerrilla and his persistence in inter-92_-t_-ning; it public qUB§!!Dt't5 is the best way of insuring public support
of the use we defend. We repeat and insist on repeating: it is the
best in I; of t'nstrrr'n_q public support. As soon as a reasonable section
of the opulation begins to take seriously the action of the urban guer-
rilla. h s success is guaranteed.
Thg g@yt3§!1t'i1 jrit has no alte-ritative except to intensily repression.
The police networks, house searches. arrests of innocent people and of
suspects. closing off streets. make ill; in the city unbearable. The
military dictatorship embarks on massive political persecution. Polit-
ical assassinations and police terror bfwme routine. '
ln spite cl all this. the police svstematicallv tail. The armed forces.
the navy. and the air lorce are mobilized and undertake routine pOll¬3
[unqim-,5_ En 59 ghgy [ind no way to halt guerrilla operations. nor
39
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to wipe out the rt-92'oltttionrtt92,' organi.-..itio:t with its lrngmntd groups
" ' e sist-thrit more mound nrirl operate 92l1lO921Ql|n t the n.1tinn.-tl territory p r
_entlv and contagioitsly,- K ' ' cl hThe people refuse to cullrborate mil. the authorities. an t e gen-
eral sentiment is that the goverrirnent is uiiitist. inrnpnlilc of solving. . 4 . fproblems. and resorts purely and simply to the physical liquidation o
its opponents.
The political situation in the country i< transformed into a military
situation in which the gorillas appear more anzl n'.ort' to be the ones
responsible lor errors and_92'iolence, while the problems in the lives
ol the people become truly catastrophic.Vtlhen they see the miiitarists and thr dictatorship on the brink oi
the ziliyss. and fearing the consequence: of .1 revolutionary wsfr which is
already at a fairly advanced :-nzl ll fC92'¬['.'tltlE level, the pacifiers. always
to be lottnd within the ruling classes. and the riglit-wing opportunists.
partisans ol nonviolent struggle. join hands and circulate rumors be-
hind the scenes. begging the hzintiinen for elections. "rtd¢ntocrati:a-
ti " constitutional rel'ortn=. -'!l1 l other tripe rlcsioncd to lool the mas- on.
ses and make them stop the rcvolutionnry rebellion in the cities and
the rural areas of the country.
But. watching the rcvolutionarieiz, the people now understzincl that
it is a farce to vote in elections which liave as their sole obiective,
guaranteeing the continuation of the military dictatorship and covering
up its crimes.
Ptttacleiitg wholehearteiliv this clr-ctio.-. lsiree :intl the scrcalh-cl 'po-
liticril solution" so rtppenliiig to the o;~porttinist:~. the urbnrt qtierrilic
must hccomr more aggressive and violent F 92OflIH ] withcttit l .'llif7 to
sabotage. terrorism. £3t'p!O;92I'l|'92llOl1"i. tins-tiilt-. l-'.itlnappin§|=. C92LC.l'
tions. etc. - _
This answers any attempt to. lool the masses wit'r the ooening of
Congress and the reorganization oi political patties ~ parties bl thegovernment and of the opposition it 3ll !9292'S - when all the time the
parhfet and the so-called parties lunction thanks to the license of
the military dictatorship in a true spectacle ol mtirionettes and dogs
on a leash.
The role of the urban guerrilla. in order to win the support of
the people. is to continue fighting. keeping In minrl the interests of
the masses and heightening the dis-tttutirt situ-ition iii which the gov-
" '" - I heernment must act. These are the ct-cutttsniiiccs. diSu5ll'OU5 or t
dictatorship, which permit the revoliitiormrie=. to open rural guerrilla
warfare in the midst of the uncontroll-title expansion of urban rebellion.
The urban g:J¬II|llld is engaged in revolutionary action in favor of
h e le and with it seelcs the Pitfltilittion oi the masses in the t e pcop
stiuqqle against the military dictatorship and for the liberation of
the country from the yoke of the lltlft-l 5!-Net. Beginning with the
city and with the :-upptt of the people. the I921h'llQ9292l"iflllI'I war develops
rapidly, establishing its iiilriistructure c-trvlully while the urban area
torttinucs the rebellion.
40 .
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Urbain Guerrilla Warfare. School for Selecting the Guerrilla
Revolution is a social phenomenon that depends on men. arms. and
resources. Arms and resources exist in the country and can be taken
and used, but to do this it is necessary to count on men. Without
them. the arms and the resources have no use and no value. For
their part, the men must have two basic and indispensable obligatory
qualities:
a! they must have a politico-revolutionary motivation;
bi they must have the necessary technical-revolutionary preparation.
Men with a politico-revolutionary motivation are found among the
vast and clearheaded contirigents oi enemies ol the military dicta-
torship aiid of the domination of US imperialism.
Almost daily such ineii gravitate to urban guerrilla warfare. and
it is for this reason that the reaction no iongcr announces that it has
thwarted the revohitioiiaries and goes through the uriplezisantness of
seeing them rise up again out of their own ashes.
The men who are best trained. most experienced. ancl dedicated to
urban guerrilla warfare and at the same time to rural guerrilla warfare,
constitute the backbone of the revolutionary war and, therefore. of
the Brazilian revolution. From this backbone will come the marrow of
the revolutionary army ol national liberation. rising out of guerrilla
9292';il'lt'IfC.
This is the central nucleus, not the bureaucrats and opptiriuiiisis
liitlden in tlic orgaitizational structure. not the empty coiilerees, the
cliched writers of resolutions that remain on paper. but rather the
nicii who light. The inen who from the very first have been dcterininecl
and ready for anythiiig.- who persoiially participate in revolutionary
actions, who do not waver or dqce:'"e. t
This is the nucleus indoctrinaletl and disciplined with a long-range
.-_tr.-iieqic and tactical vision consistent with the application of Marxist
theory. oi Leninism and of C3$li'" iltL'92itrEl developments, applied in
the specific conditions of the Biaziliriii situation. This is the nucleus
that will learl the relicllioii through its guerrilla phase,
From it xtlill come men and women with pnlitico-military develop-
ment. one a cl indivisihle_ whose t.-i-li will be that of future leaders
after the tr- imph of the revolution. in the construction of the new
Brazilian so icty.
As at no- '. the men and women chosen for urban guerrilla warfare
are wt-rl<er.: peasants whom the ri:v has attracted as a market for
niar. power and who return to the countryside indortrinated and
politically and technically prepared: sttidents. intellectuals. priests.
Thic |~. the material with whit-h we are building starting with urban
grin-irilla t-.-iirtart-_ the armed alliance of workers and peasants, with
-llltltknl. lllI ll CHii'll-. priests. i'
92?v'ri|iii-is have infinite ltnotvledtir i.i the ttidiisirial sphere anti are
ti- ' fin IlIl1.tl'1 rct-riltitioinirv tasks. Tl-1' iirhtin qtierrilla vvorlter flillllf
l|?|lH92 iii the 92lIll§]t|l l'iv t"onstrut'tiiti| -"'I92I*. .92-ih0tag|m_.| and flI'92 |1i'll'Illt|
4 . 4 1
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sahoteurs and dynaiiiiters. and personally participating iii actions in-
volving hand arms. or organizing sin!-¢_.; and partial paralysis with the
zharacteristies of mass violence in factories, 92tt'0t'lt$l920p5. and other work
Ienters.
The peasants have an Chtl'aDILll1|i'92I'92' intuition for knowledge of the
land. llitigntent in confronting the etteiity. ttnrl the iittlispensrthle ttbiltty
to communicate with the humble mtts$er=. The peasant guerrilla is
already participating in our struggle and it is he who reaches the guer-
rilla core, establishes support points in the countryside. finds hiding
places for individuals, arms. munitions, supplies, organizes the sowing
and harvesting of grain for use in the giieriilla war. chooses the points
of transport. cattle raising ports. and 5p|_ll' 'C§ of meat supplies, trains
the guides that show the rural t_II|l.ICl'I'lllt'l5 the road. and creates an
infortiiatioit service in the countrysirle.
Stiirleiits are tinted for being politictillv crude and coarse and thus
they break all the lt'll!OOS. V92'lien tltev .tii' iiitegrtitrd into llfbtlll guer-
rilla warfare. as is now occurring-on it ttttle scale. they show a special
talent for revolutionary violence anrl <ti 'm acquire a high level of
political-teehniealmilitacy skill. Stiittent.-. have plenty of free time
on their hands because they are s92'.=tem.iiie.~tlly <ep.it.ited_ suspended.
and expelled from school by the dictzttrirship .'tttd so they begin tn spentl
their time ad92'aiit¬igeoti5ly_ in behalf c~.l the revnltitioit.
The iiitellecttials constitute the t."ingti.'irrl nl it-sistrince tt- tirhitrriry
.-ict_<_ gneial injustice, and the terrible iiilitttiiaitity of the tlictzttnrship
of the gorillas. They spread the I'l92't"ilitl!l!Il-Il'92' call and they hate
great influence on people. The iirb.iii iitierrilli iiitelleetitnl or c1l'lI92|
|< lit: most nioclerri Of Il'ie.Bra:ili.in re92nli_itiiiii's éI ll1 l' l'|i.92.
churchmen - that is to say. those It'll? it-ters hr priests mtti rt'ligititt'-
inert of triotis hiernrcliies and petstittsttins rqhresent .1 sector that
h.t's special ability to communicate with the people. ['IJlHtt't.tlfltl92' 9292'iIl'l
ti'cirl<er.s. peasants. and the B[tlIlllI92 wnttiriii. The priest witci is iiii
urban guerrilla is an active ingredient in the otignitig BrFt".tli.iit re92'0lu
iinnary war. and constitutes a powerltil rtlt in the struggle against
military power and North Airiericaii iiiipenalisiii.
As for the Brazilian 9292'eimai1. l1Er I"-"l'Ul"-"l' 1I tit the I'92'.'92t92l921llUl||'lI92'
92-.-ar. and particularly in urban qtierrtlln xv-'irf.ire, has been niarlted he
ill] unmatched fighting spirit and tenricitv. and it is not by eh.iiict' that
1-.0 many women have been acetised of |i.itticip.iii'nii in queri-il|.i .-ittioiis
it-iaiiist hanl-ts. quarries. military Ce'92ltI~- ¢tf.. itiid that so iitaity are in
prison while others are sought hv the rtiiltiit.
As a School ltir choosing the qtlerfill-t.--tirli.tit guerrilla 9292.'tt'l--rt
prepares and plniies .-it the same level of responsibility tiiitl efficiencv
the men and women who slinre tl't'i' ~-1"9292 ll-""921t"T92 llqhlllig. roulitling up
siippltes. serving as mes--engers "I ""'"¢l~*. -t-= t.lll92' 'fS, srrilois, nr air
plntte |1tll§_ obi.-lining 5;[ [ '| mloritiaticitt -tiitl helping 9292'Illt prtip_it_-|;tiid.t
.intl the tnslt of intloctriiiation.
t,..irlos Marigihelhi
42 _ ltlttc tom
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4: £134.9- . A J
BLACK PANTHER PARTY
ClU92P_1-OTTE DIVISION
. I : _1 __, , - V __ *:
' A characterization of the Black Panther PartY is
attachéd as an appendix to this memorandum.
O
40
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i3 I1I tI
°PENDIXJ""""'-""""-"'-""
BLACK PANTHER PARTY BPP!,
1 ' 92Hf_!I' 92l""ll
___, _ .-_._. ,_l.
According to the ofticial_news per or the BPP, the ;_. ; ;_,. ,BPP was started durin Decemhr, 1922, in Oakland, oaliforhia; to organize
black people so they can take control of the life, politics. and thee
destiny of the black community. It was organized by BOBBY-G. SEAlE;;BPP
Chairman, and HUEY P. NEWTON, Minister of Defense, BPP. J" "'
The official newspaper, called "The Black Panther," regularly -
that the BPP advocates the use or guns and guerrilla tactics in ite"revolutionary program to end oppression of the black peoples Residegta . 'or the black community are urged to arm themselves against the polio ;who
are consistently referred to as "pigs" who should be killed. _.
The newspaper, in its issue of September ?, 1968, had an article by
the then Minister of Education, GEORGE MURRAY. This article ended-with
the following: 4 r - '
"Black men, Black people, colored persons of America, revolt -
everywhere! Arm yourselves. The only culture worth keeping
is revolutionary culture.
Dynamite! Black power.
The BPP newspaper, issue
the following statement:
We will overthrow it." -with
ment.
DAVID
Polo Field
DAVID
was quoted
government
In the issue of April
Minister of Culture EMORY
"The only way to make
Justice to the peopleChange. Freedom everywhere. -
Use the gun. Kill the pigs everywherea"
of October 5, 1968, had an article introduced
"We will not dissent from American govern-
HILLIARD, Chief of Staff, BPP, in a speech at the San Francisco
on November 15, 1969, said "We will kill Richard Nixon."~
HILLIARD, in the "New York Times," issue of December 13, 1969,
as follows: "We advocate the very direct overthrow or the
by way of force and violence."
25, 1970, the BPP newspaper had an article by
DOUGLAS as follows:
this racist US government administer
it is oppressing, is. . . by taking up
arms against this government, killing the officials, until _
the reactionary forces. . .are dead, and those that are left
turn their weapons on their superiors, thereby passing
revolutionary Judgement against the number one enemy of all
mankind, the racist U. S. government." '
The BPP Headquarters is located at 1O¥6 Peralta Street, Oakland,
California. Branches of the BPP, and Committees to Combat Fascism, under
control of the BPP, have been established in various locations in the USA.
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Thll document contain: nolthar ncomwondullona not conclulloul ul Ibo FBI It ll the pm onUN11 H! QTATES In 1'AI1TM1~ I 0F JUSTICP
bnnevrr nunnau OFINV STIGATION
Charlotte, North Carol1na
January 14 1971
'I'1+'ln nrnv nnnmuwn nan-r-u-'~ 4:u.r9292-xx 1.-nuznua rnnz J.
CHARLOTTE DIVISION
character RACIAL MATTERS - nmcx PANTHER PARTY
Reference Memorandum prepared at Charlotte
North carolrna, dated and capt1oned as 1' I-
All sources except any listed below! whose identities
are concealed in referenced communication have furnished reliable
information in the past
4-750 <2,/-79»
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FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION
FDIPA DELETED PAGE IIIFDBMATIDN SHEET
Page s! withheld entirely at this location in the file. One or more of the following statements, where
indicated, explain this deletion. 0
Deleted under exemption s! _ b!_ i!_,' 7_LC¢.> with no segregable
material available for release to you.
Information pertained only to a third party with no reference to you or the subject of your request.
information pertained only to a third party. Your name is listed in the title only.
Document s! originating with the following government agency ies! E E .___ ____ E _
__ _. or _ .___ _ ._ , was/were forwarded to them for direct response to you.
Page s! referred for consultation to the following government agencyes!; E
Us ,_ _ W _, , as the information originated with them. You will
be advised of availability upon retum of the material to the FBI.
Page s! withheld for the following reason s!:
For your infonnation: _ _ __
The following number is to be used for reference regarding these pages:
141' I//'-!'7J92J_ fl 54154:_ ' _ 42.?-'4aQ_Lza"<r".;LZJ _ ,_ y_
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T08 DIR TOR I05-165756 SUB B Z7
FROM: HARLOTTE 157-6171 2P P
dgzacx PANTHER PARTY, cnan LDIIE DIVISION, RACIAL MATTERS.
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ABVISED Tana? THAT LARRY 0aiiELg;L1TTLE ans JULiUS iHiIi=5§}ELL, j
_;a., sag; BOTH sass RELEASED on sous, uorxne ruar THEY ALONG UITH
6RADY'FULLER RECEIVED PRELIMINARY azanxue, JANUARY Iuzntvrvo,
szvzntvons, wnsnzru PROBABLE cause was rounn ann THE case 1s sat
run 1R1aL on Januapv twzntvulqs, ssvsntvouz.
. NELSON LEE<aLLoY, JR. was annsstzn on FORGERY caanszs 0
JANUARY ruznrvruo, ssvsnrvons, ann REMAINS IN JAIL. /*?¢?
URNISHED RELIABLE INFDRHATION IN THE PAST, ADVISED VERY
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QT _ um: ta: nouns 1-on mu.o~r nun 1-'uu._:R.
-_ i mm no INFORMATION ANY REPRISALS am: PLANNED
- " AGAINST LAW ENFORCEMENT AT WINSTON SALEM, N. C», IN CONNECTION UITH
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LURRAHHICATION %twT92UH
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AT HIGH POINT, N,C., JOSEPH ERVIN UADDELL HAS FOUND GUILTY
OF ARMED ROBBERY CHARGES TODAY AND WILL BE SENTENCED JANUARY TWENTY,
/-92ssvsnrvona. I 1
at WINSTON SALEN, u.c., LARRY DONNELL LITTLE AND JULIUS wn1rEQ_;_._
CORNELL, JR,, REMAIN IN JAIL AS OF FIVE P,N, UN5FR FOUR THOUSAND
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FEOi'?: FHARLOTTE I57-6171 2P -.
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..i---JRSYTH COUNTY SC, EACKEIJ UP BY THE WI!-!£TOl92{-SALEi'1, NC,
PD, ; ¢van EVICIION NOTICE on JULIUS WHITE CORMELL, 43. UTIHLEF. FYTEEZ RBI!-OUED BLACK PMJTHER PARTY KBPPQ PROPERTY
-SIXI 4 SIXTEEN E» TUEEJTYTHIRD STREET, HINSTOII-'5-'%LE-*1, WITHOUT _'
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OF I. TRUCK BELONGING TO THE CHATHAN NEAT CO. MJD A 92rJAF3RAl'JT -J:
cHAR'Iu rnz same OFFENSE 1s ALSO OUTSTANDING AGAINST LARRY
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END '1 KEE ONE _ ,...-_. _ __
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THIS IS BASED ON INFORMATION FROM WILLIAM COE,-.I'HE ' '
F'IF'l'EEN-YEAR-OLD SUBJECT ARRESTED Ill OONNECTIOII HIT!-I PREVIOUS
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A3 "" PAGE THREE
_lY Q szcnzw ssnvlcs AND MILITARY INTELLIGENCE ADVISED.
;@§ , ADMINISTRATIVE
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_ RE CHARLOTTE TELETYPE T0 DIRECTOR JANUARY EIGHTEEN,
_ 1n. .
f LARRY DOHNELL LIT"-E 15
V JULIUS wan: cenusu. 1s -
AND rasv ARE THE tor run LEADERS~ -f
I or THE BPP IN nonru cnnonxun.
f cunnuorrz FOLLOHING CLOSELY. -J
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1 : DI SCTOR, FBI 105-1657o6-8 DATE: 1-19-71
M V /S _, 92 _///;;_;;;;c1sc0 157 2861
3jEK.TfZ b.L.|.HU.l'92 1'1-92N'.i.'11.-Cn I'HI1'1'1- U111-UU.¢U'1'.l'.Ei
RM ""_'_""
Information excerpted below was received on date
indicated from SF SF T-16% __
Source reports on activity at Black Panther Party
BPP! National Headquarters, 1046 Peralta Street. Oakld.
California.
The BPP is a violence-prone black militant
organization headquartered in Oakland, California, with
Chapters located throughout the U.S.
butSource operates under Departmental authorization,
is CONFIDENTIAL. If it is necessary to disseminate this
information outside the Bureau, it should_be suitably para- I
phrased to adequately protect tnis sensitive source.
[#1 11:59am dlc zc 11 1Collect Call _frOm in Winston sale]-n'HVI'qicW
and th
house4.
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to UNW. - said that the hqs. lied been raided about an hour aqo '
ere had been one brother Lad two sisters in the
a the time of the raid. aaid that the Orininal hnuge had
burned down and they we cess of movinrr when they.§C-Q 92' T Zwere raided. said we hi d lled NY to tell them of the raihe 5- 45706-5?-3°l5 ~~ cu./0 /
and NY sai uld notify e west coast. UNW said toi - I -- ill if f 'cia Q one o the 1'o1lo1Erinq three is 212 J
I--. .-._4
-"Om $55 Buy U .5. Saving: Bond: Regularly on lb: Payroll Savin Plan pandrto call backiwith alZL_info later. _______.________1 _~__
5!_ BUREAURM A J 1 11/1
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UBJECT: K PANTHER PARTY - CHARLO'I'1E '
Information excerpted below was received on dateindicated from SF T 16!_-
source reports on activity at Black _:-anther Party
BPP! National Headquarters, 1046 Peralta Street, Oakland,
California. PT
The BPP is a violence-prone black militant
organization headquartered in Oakland, California, with
chapters located throughout the U.S. '
but is CONFIDENTIAL. If it is necessary to disseminate this
information outside the Bureau, it should be suitably para- I.
_ phrased to adequately protect this sensitive source. v _ ___ __
'-"W12 191: A
#3 1:25pm dlc IC '- - Source operates under Departmental authorization, /y
?<cc> Long distance collect to 1w ted to dictate an article for the -paper before it . L/JMu'1.T
"B1111 to Presc The article concerned the Panther house _
- .that had been riided earlier this _date_._'u-was told to give the infonr
1=<=> ph!,-at_,.',-".-',c'_._-- ~ .
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71 -L '__ t.= K; mzora ndum
DIRECTOR. FI;I__92 io=s..i5s"ro6-3 DA1'E% _
92/. a ' " QA?! % NCISCO 157__2_551 ii v '
92/ l " O .
ROM I
BLACK PANTHER PARTY -
RM
, H . _r ,_r_Information excerpted below was received on dateindicated from sr sr -r 16! . ii
Source reports on activity at Black Panther Party
1 n 92 wr 0-4 1 ll Rn :1-rl-nrn Inl Peralta Street. Oakland n n 92mrr,r 1-|392.;.OI"i¬'n¢. I-9.?-utluu-v_~-5 _--- .--_-_-f o_' . !'
California.
The BPP is a violenceprone black mi1itant_crganization headquartered in Oakland, California, with ,
chapters located throughout the .§. -
1/Source operates under Departmental authorization: -
but is CONFIDENTIAL. If it is necessary to disseminate this
information outside the Bureau, it should be suitably para- f
H_ph5a§eg_to_adequately protect this_sensitive source. i
' ~ KIA" 1'2 1971; -In 92
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#2 9:19 am jhm ic ,
, calling from New Iork, to- l advising
that the NCCF Office
the pigs. - said
phone when the phonein winstonSalem has just behn vamped on bythey had been talking with hem on the tele-
"went dead. He said if they_bould get someone
n
talk with someone there and down there, or could get more infor- 92
Lmation he would caii ' * * * Hin another report. niqnt on. I .
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Domestic Intelligence DiviSlOlI
INFORMATIVE NOT
..- 2-DCHP _ ii 1 71.__ _
Previous information received that
iwinston-Salem, North Carolina, Police
stolen meat delivery truck was observed
Attached relates that BPP member and
ta 15-year-old youth were arrested after
a rally of shots after a shot believed to
reported.
We were subsequently advised that pol
located several weapons and the stolen mea
According to sources,fol1owing the search,
teams to retaliate against the police,
Copies of attached and subsequent
copies sent Inter-Division Information Uni
Internal Security Division and Special
Interdivisional Unit of the Department.
Pertinent parts will be included in the
White.House1ucia1 teletype.
Addendum: subsequent ABK:1rs ,'/IQ4&,, information from Charlottf
itif was exceptionally quiet
_ __ _ . ._- V G -Q _ , . ..'h_:92- '.- -"'~-Y I "Zn Aft "714 ' ? '1 B S Department obtained search warrant after a
at a house believed to be new Black Panthe
Party BPP! headquarters in Winston-Salem,
police officers used tear gas in execution
of search warrant. Police officials fired
have been fired from the house, No injuries
members of the BPP plan to send out sniperi
it
stated the night of 1/iql
with no racial incidents;
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*1 , TELETYP 1";3 A T0: nxnzoton 05-165796 sua s!, NEH'YOR K, snu rnnncxsco
rnom= CHARLOTTE 51-e111! 5 P! ~
Racial latter
=1 " BLACK PANTHER PARTY, ca UARLOTTE n1v1s1on, gm _
{ at APPROXIMATELY ELE!§§_£lEIX;A,,, THE HOUSE AT one out
j Two sauzu snsr TWENTY ruxnn srnssr, WINSTON-SALEM, n.c. was
- sunaovnozn BY OFFICERS or WINSTON-SALEM POLICE DEPARTMENT awn
" FORSYIH couurv SHERIFF'S OFFICE. AFTER srvxns OCCUPANTS THR§51'
nmnurzé to cons our, two IEAR ens SHELLS vans FIRED AT LOWER
WINDOWS, BUT THEY BOUNCED OFF APPARENT FORTIFICAIIONS. THEREAFTER
AS FIRED INTO AN UPFER WINDOW.
AT TWELVE ZERO THO P.M- SHOT HAS FIRED, BELIEVED TO HAVE
COME FROM PANTHER HEADQUARTERS AND A VOLLEY OF SHOTS HERE
RETURNED BY LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICERS. THEREAFTER SOMEONE
YELLED TO HOLD FIRE AND TWO HEN, LATER IDENTIFIED AS GRADY
" FULLER AND WILLIE COE, EMERGED AND HERE PLACED UNDER ARREST-
END PAGE 0115 -,1!; 1 A _f_/é!~7aé__X_,__;7<;lREC94, ,/'27 _____ _____ __..-
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FULLER IS A KNOWN PANTHER MEMBER AND COE IS A NEGRO HALE, AGE
FIFTEEN, HHO RESIDES AT ONE ONE THREE ONE EAST TWENTY THIRD
STREET. NEITHER HAS INJURED AND NO INJURIES HERE REPORTED TO
LAN ENFORCEMENT OFFICERS OF EITHER OFFICERS OR INHABITANTS
O THE NEARBY AREA. '
THE HOUSE REPORTEDLY CONTAINS GUNS, DUPLICATING~EQUIPMENT,
TYPEWRITERS AND ADDING MACHINES; HOWEVER, DUE TO TEAR GAS AND
BEING DELAYED. .
POLICE DEPARTMENT REPORTED THAT NELSON LEE HALLOY. JR.,[SMOKE FROM A FIRE STARTED RY THE TEAR OAS, SEARCH OF THE HOUSE IS
HAS BEEN CHARGED IN A WARRANT WITH ASSAULT AND NOT FOR THEFT
AS PRFVIOUSLY REPORTED IN VIEW OF THE FACT THAT WHEN THE TRUCK
DRIVER FOR CHATHAM MEAT COMPANY LOCATED THE TRUCK IN FRONT OF
THE BLACK PANTHER HEADQUARTERS, MALLOY HAS ONE OF THE INDIVIDUALS
UNLOADING THE TRUCK AND HE PULLED A GUN ON THE TRUCK DRIVER.
SECRET SERVICE AND MILITARY INTELLIGENCE ADVISED.
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EVICTION HEARING was HELD IN LOCAL_COURT, WINSTON-SALEM, n. c.
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FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION
FOIPA DELETED PAGE INFORMATION SHEET
Page s! withheld entirely at this location in the file. One or more of the following statements, where
indicated, explain this deletion.
Deleted der eXe]nptiOn S! with no segregable un
material available for release to you.
Information pertained only to a third party with no reference to you or the subject of your request.
information pertained only to a third party. Your name lS listed in the title only.
Documentls! originating with the following government agencg/ ies! . _ _
_, . ._ _ d . , was/were forwarded to them for direct response to you.
Page s! referred for consultation to the following government agencyes!; d___i_._._i__
_ __ . _____ __ as the information originated with them. You will
be advised of availability upon return of the material to the FBI.
Page s! withheld for the following reason s!:
For your information: _
The following number is to be used for reference regarding these pages:g _ /a5'- /d.S_ZJ-¢PL._ZE/ /1?; 4- _
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_,'.-,;¢ h._. INFORMATIVE note
i," ,_ =21; L}, __-J ___. I .'
The Winston-Salem National Committee _ _
to Combat Fascism, the only recognized .a ; -
1B1ack Panther Party group in North Carolina, -
had its headquarters located at 1602 East 14th Street, Winston-Salem. However, this
headquarters was destroyed by fire on h _ é,_ -_,"_, 11-27-70. The headquarters was relocated ;
c d _q at 1616 East 23rd Street, which is the , P" t¥§?fj'7f-"11. ~r<- residence of Julius Cornell, Captain of :'* . Jiggir.
Defense, ,
,- 1 Attached relates that an evictioq, _,,jshearing was held in local court in Hester?
92 Salem on 1-15-71 and the court ordered ev c---tion which is planned for 1-18-71. ___ Q? A= '~" :1-" _-'~' -u ' Copy of attached being furnished 1
'*~~ Internal Security Division and Inter-Division ,§E:f§1; ;;L
_ Information Unit of the Department. .
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11 NEW YORK ICE-161993 2PA Y ,
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FROM: CHARLOTTE 157-617!
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-s1.Acx PANTHER PARTY BPP!, PUBLIC APPEARANCES, RACIAL MATTERS
A"
I A HIGHLY SENSITIVE SOURCE HHO HAS FURNISHED RELIABLE INFORMATION ~
._'- ,.IN THE PAST REPORTED THAT ous PHONE1'lC! HAD MADE ,-/-A " fr .l'~ _ ' , J , I -A it T ,9292
I-5 ~ INQUIRY or BPP IN NEH YORK CONCERNING SCHEDULED APPEARANCE or .# - '
>0
CET MICHAEL TABOR! AT WINSTON SALEM, N C , ON JANUARY EIGHT, /
"-I NINETEEN SEVENTY ONE FDR SPEECH IN THE EVENT TABOR WAS PRESENT!
1'.IN JAIL AND COULD NOT MAKE THE A8? RED I:5 390 92£< 5'-'A l'iIUHAHLJ FIUUHL, AKA. - an A -
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SECRET SERVICE AND MILITARY INTELLIGENCE GROUP ADVISED
ADMINISTRATIVE!
RE NEH YORK TELETYPE TO DIRECTOR AND CHARLOTTE JANUARY
FOUR, NINETEEN SEVENTY ONE. _
NYT - SIX SIX IS
WHOSE INFORMATION HAS REPEATED IN THIS TELETYPE RE RICHARD
MOORE'S APPEARANCE. PHONETIC! IS APPARENTLY
IDENTICAL UITH FROM WINSTON-SALEM UHO
15-
CHARLOTTE WILL FOLLOW, REPORT PERTINENT DEVELOPMENTS
OBTAINING TAPE RECORDING OF SUBJECT'S SPEECH IF POSSIBLE,
-. ____,,>_.-..-.Q-1 ..... ., ___ H ' Q hi J W _____ __'__ _ ,._.,.,,.,
THEREAFTER SUBMITTING APPROPRIATE COMMUNICATION.
END _
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ATTENTION = nomzsnc 1ur:u.1s|auc:-: szcnon I
:_ 1K.- ' FROM! CHARLOTTE I57-6|?!!
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- BLACK PANTHER PARTY, CHARLOTTE DIVISION, RM, W
5 ».. _!_.' ' AT UINSTON SALEM, N,C , TODAY,.
I:
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AT men POINT, u.c.,
a
NOT COMPLETED AND HILL BE CONTINUED JANUARY NINETEEN, SEVENTYONE
INDIVIDUALS BELIVED TO BE BPP HEFBERS OR SUPPORTERS, HERE IN THE
OOURTROOH.
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END PAGE ONE X-115-8 "
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Mr. Czlnhaé
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MI. Tnr'!L_.......
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- / x' so INCIDENI5 occunnsn room; nowzvsn, APPROXIMATELY TUEITYFIVE U
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ss AND_HIG ADVISED.
ADMINISTRATIVE:- 1
92 92.P
RE CHARLOTTE TELETYPE TO DIRECTOR, JANUARY FIFTEEN, SEVENTY ONE.
CHARLOTTE HILL FOLLOW AND KEEP BUREAU ADVISED OF PERTINENT
DEVELOPMENTS.
END
THC FBI UASHINGTON DC
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FBI
Dw= 1/s/71
Type in plainteit or code!
A I RTEL WW i 7 f_ K Priority! V
T0: DIRECTOR, FBI 05165706 Sub 8! - }
FROM: sac, CHARLOTTE 51-6111! 1
re
sunJEcT= nLAcx PANTHER PARTY arr!
unnnaonounn ACTIVITIES
RACIAL IATTERS
Re Charlotte airtel to Breau dated 12/24/70 92
During the previous two weeks, no underground cells 9292,
or members have been identified or interviewed; and there is 92
no indication that funds are being submitted to any under- 1
ground group from orth Carolina. There have been no reportedv
thefts of weapons or explosives for use of the underground v
or secret caches of weapons obtained. There were no recent
acts of violence or unprovoked attacks on police which appear
to have been perpetrated by black extremist underground
operatives.
e purge or ex-members at Iinston-Salem N C a ear to I O II
be operating as underground members of the BPP. These
sources have been alerted for unusual acts of the ex-members;
however, allappear to be maintaining their own identities, and
making no effort to go underground. _The only exception is
JESSE STITT, who has left Iinston-Salem, N, 0,, and leads are
outstanding to verify his present location and activities.
~ RECp4g,h5:?%%5§%9éLw35 2
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NROBII CE CODE
955 PM URg;NTl-I2-Tl ESB
T0: DIRECTOR 65-l6576SUB B!
FROM: CHARLOTTE 57-6171!
I
I-If. Tl-I'M _._._.-
Mr. SnH§vnl'|.__.
Mr. llnhr_ __
Mr. Bishop .CUM?-1UNlCAIlUP*l SLUI lUH
11111121171 ,1 I
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Mr.
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Mr. GaleTELET!PE'Cnsper_._'.._.
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Min Ho!|ne|__.
Ilia Gu:dy.__......
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,/ATTENTION 1 DOMESTIC INTELLIGENCE.
BLACK PANTHER ggnrv BPP!,ICHABLQIiE_PiVi§i5N» A-
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9VINSTON-SALEM, N.C., PLANS TO SEN; OUT SNIPER TEAMS TONIGHT
TO RETALIATE AGAINST POLICE FOR TODAYS RAID ON BPP HEADQUARTERSWISE"
THAT LARRY LITTLE LT. or INFORMATION NCCF,
t
NEITHER COULD ADVISE SPECIFIC INFORMATION CONCERNING I,
IDENTITIES or SNIPERS on TIME on PLACES. '
ADMINISTRATIVE :
RE CHARLOTTE TELETYPES TO BUREAU , TODAY.
CHIEF OF POLICE ON DUTY, CAPTAIN AND FO SO, 7 _
HAVE BEEN ADVISED AND THIS MATTER IS RECEIVING AGGRESSIVE ATTENTION-
END
DEB_, 6 JAN 151911
,11 I 92 I 1' /-*-'-"- D51'§§_L1__1§-.[=;_B .!I1r!1f 71'
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CHAPEL HILL, NC, ADVISED THAT SEVEN HUNDRED TO EIGHT cfA ' DIRECTOR IE5-165706! ATTENTION: DOMESTIC INTELLIGENCE
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SAN FRANCISCO 57-1294!
FROM: CHARLOI1E_ l57-6171! P!1.-~
PLACK PANTHER PARTY BPP!, PUBLIC APPEARANCES, RM DASH BPP
1* E
92
T _ znvsn sunxsa ARRIVED RALIEGH DURHAM AIRPORT, ELEVEN FIFTYF
P"L ronnv ACCOMPANIED BY ans oruzn NEGRO MALE nun was mar BY
' I T A WHITE MALE wno TRANSPORTED HIM T0 CHAPEL HILL, nc.
HUNDRED STUDENTS HERE PRESENT FOR SUBJECT S SPEECH WHICH
I
- STARTFD AT ONE ZERO FIVE P.M. AND ENDED AT ONE FIFTYFIVE P.M.
.*
".¢ BPP HAD no ssr RULES,_ACCEPTS AID FROM uuzrzs ANB U1LL ALLENA
$92 WITH ANY ouz VHO HILL HELP! THEIR cause. 5 JANj1419H $
§ 5 $_]§R '20 IQ"NIP. Tr>|'*n _____
Mr. Fn|Iivn92"l.___.. 92
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Mr. Gale. ____ 92
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Mr. Wa|tex'a___,
Mr. S0}'an_.__
Tale. Room__i
Miss Holmel_......
Mia G:n<l:_....._M r.
Mr.
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HOWEVER, SUBJECT DID NOT LEAVE UNC CAMPUS UNTIL APPROXIMATELY FOUR
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~ TE "-"'- -;.~,n.92"> REC-75 /05* /6.5706 -8 '" 34,5
" THE SPEECH CONCERNED WORLD REVOLUTION AND THE FACT THAT THE
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PAGE TWO .
SS AND MIG ADVISED.
ADMINSIRATIVE:::::::::::::::
RE CHARLOTTE TELETYPE TO DIRECTOR AND NEH YORK, JANUARY
SEVEN, SEVENTY ONE, AND NEW YORK TELEPHONE CALL TO CHARLOTTE, TODAY.
INVESTIGATION CONTINUING. MAJ;sun _I925 /200/I
DEB HA DC FBI OLE
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NRBBS CE CODE
6ll2 PM URGENT 12-Tl ESB
TU! DIRECTOR B5-165166 SUBS!
ATTENT N: DOMESTIC INTELLIGENCE
6 BLACK PANTHER PARTY BPP!, CHARLOTTE
w1NSTONSALEM, nc, PD, REPORTED two u.s. nonzn one NINE ons
ssvzw rnxnrv POINT zsno s1x RIFLES AND nus TWELVE anus: sun eU 9292
ALONG wxrn numasnous xrzms or OFFICE EQUIPMENT, INCLUDIN TYPEHITERS,
DUPLICATING MACHINES, AND THO CAMERAS HERE LOCATED IN TH NEH BPP
HEADQUARTERS, ONE ONE THO SEVEN EAST THENTYTHIRD STREET A
92.
Fir.