ACLU Part 09

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FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION
FREEDOM OF INFORMATION/PRIVACY ACTS SECTION
COVER SHEET
SUBJECT: American Civil Liberties Union
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Gandy0 I have talked to Irvin _ erman, the Washington representative  inof the American Civil Liberties U on, from time to time. Ferman is quite
&#39; exemas¬E5{¢1¥=&#39;?¢1ié&#39;§Bésilsilify "<55 the_§enate Civil Service Committee investigating
the security program on a case basis and not maintaining the principle of&#39;the
inviolability of FBI files. _&#39; - .  . I T ; y _  &#39; 1 ~ 1*. - * . &#39;. .-92
- -:; I.I have expressed o92_1r concern from time to time on this and Ferman-I-3, 1 &#39;~f&#39;-,&#39;:&#39;.92*.5"~_Z&#39;1~1&#39;/5  1-- .&#39;=Z.&#39;-&#39;:,;::-.;w. A ;;¢;&#39;.;q-;f.= &#39;ff :4*;"~.~.J_-f-&#39;-&#39;,~&#39;-&#39;»£-T": I 1 ._ .;--.-»~:.:._;»- i-L~;.¬l. ?~&#39;.T&#39;-*=""" 1; &#39;
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now tells me that the American Civil Liberties Union is taking a very decided Q7
stand with the John
n Committee now before they get started on anything with "Q3;
hope that the Johns
n Committee will not force either the .Bureau or the Depart 1&#39;-1&1
into the position where it will have to defend its not opening up the files. "I ~
Their letter is attached. LBN » i _ i
cc - Mr. Boardman --
Mr . Belmont .
_ Mr. Rosen v v _&#39;_, ,3
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IRVING FERMAN _
DIRECTOR, Wnsnmctcn. D. 6.. Orncl -Aunucua CIVIL LIBEIYIIB UNION .   ,  5 " . "
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Mr. L. B. Nichols I . &#39;
United States Department of Justice
Federal Bureau of Investivation_ ; ° , 1 .~.
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&#39; -41:.Was11ington 25, D. C. -
ODear Hr. Nichols:
In accordance with our previous
conversation, I am attaching herewith,
some copies of correspondence sent from
this office to Senator Johnston and Hr.
Finzel. &#39; _ .
With best wishes ,
Very tru yours ,

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Dear Senator: - " 
I would like to commend you and your: 1 ~
committee staff for the responsible and thoroueh 4&#39;-x. <+,;e»r
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manner with which the investigation of the Federal 5w.5¬
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However, there is one aspect to your ccn- ,
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Since your investigations will rest 1argely- V{on analyses of individual cases, there W1 1 1
probably be brought into.sharp focus factual
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. &#39;  V . &#39; 7,, < .. 4&#39; - . Q .¢>_ 3*"-H ft" . - . V". -; -V-1-,,~1»_ - ..-. &#39;-&#39; s . , Q ~ &#39;  ,;- ».&#39;.- » , -  _- . ". ,s Y Bulletin #1697 i &#39; "  A  -. " &#39;i°&#39;T~">&#39;»  131s5rl9§"1§55*!;
. 4 _ . /_, , -._" *-. - . . .> _. » Y ,~v_r Mk.  -- v " pnrssunon comm BANS PUBLIC PAYMENTS TO-RELIGIGUS onPrmmAcEs=I;<f;_-_~ ;-. J;
_ _ 1?ub1io&#39;funds&#39; can no longer be used for the &#39;maintenancel&#39;of_  P. v. ..,;..,; .7?
&#39; and dependent. children i.n sectarian _institutions, a Pittsburgh Court of Common Ple_afs}has r1.1led.&#39;;-_.__1_-- Q -e ~ . V-"T  &#39;  .:;.T.. - r_4- &#39; . -  , ~-.92. .92 !- 5- <1 .F-Ll."
tarian institution, but," in 1933, the State Legislature adopted a law di.1~ecting,v=__=f;1g<"-_s;;&#39;,_- The  Constitutionbars appropriations
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F»- county authorities to place children, Fas far as possible, under the care,and control of persons having the same religious beliefs as the parents of the chile,dren or with some association, institution or society which is controlled by pers&#39;6fjsi§of such religious beliefs" .The -law also directed that expenses for such care be"by either the city or county. ~ A > &#39; ~.  :     ~_ 5, I11-~.~é;@;-,§:;*;;<.5&#39;- - - :.~ . 3  J      " - 1 .~_,,~*~»;;5-;f*7__ __ -&#39; &#39;.&#39; _.-1-_. , .9». V»;   /Defendants in the action were nine religious orphanages who had received more";W92 TQ.
than $250, 000 from Allegheny County in 1953. -It was brought outat the trialthere were no public institutions in Allegheny County for the care of dependent,&#39;,.ZI§§§i~child:-en, nor any private institutions not affiliated with churchgroups 9;.it
» - . ~ t »-~. s-,1---. .-... .._.~ ~
. Recognising the7diffic&#39;ul:ty inlmaking an imrlediateuvswitchito pub1icly4operated&#39;§7é%4.-facilities, Judge A, Marshall Thompson held tha_t,- "It may require some_ period of.t:l_.iri§to provide for the maintenance of these children in private homes or insomeinstitutions that are not sectarian... .a period of tine in which to make the.adjust;ge:fitp should be provided before a final decree becomes effective O",&#39; "f.;_.<§;; ;_I~-;;&#39;;&#39;f kt.er -» . - ;-&#39; @ _ , ~ ~  =-, ~~
~Z~>;. 35358 Thempéh
u _i:§.J_.ied on severair P1:é_viQus_.c§_es_of the_1ienfn$$illvani$iu1a&#39;_&#39;emé;+
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¢*¢=/* :~"&#39;»v Wu;*~92 u It. J 1 .33. N321-14 -lature or state-created agencygis willing to modify this basic tenets; ; _. &#39;" V  @-K
u .»reaffirndng the constitutional separation of church and state even where the
cw i ,2. . » ~= ~ < _ _ ~ ,1  -;=   .1.  ~* &#39;*<,,~<"_&#39;.,
- O 9,, . The State Attorney General and the County Solicitor appeared in defense. They}.maintained that the expenditure of public funds inthis manner was permissable beg-lg}ai- cause it was raised by county rather than state taxation, and because the moneys _?ig-arenot gifts or appropriations to the institutions involved, but payments for spec
iQ?%services. Judge Thompson, however, rejected both contentions in view of theand imperative language of the State Supreme Court in previous cases.  =;, V ; ._  ;..i51;iii";X l4 5 .. . .. . -_ . . . . .  _92;>92§!_,._~n
i_ , > ", .- . v _,, . ,.,i.t..,..:£,£.<-"&#39; ACLU CRITICIZES IJU:&#39;IYER&#39;S DISBARI-IENI BASED ON STH AME1921DI"uBN1 PLEA
2
V. HI 4 The American Civil Liberties Union has criticized the disbarment of Leo Sh9lé__l&#39;,,,a Florida attorney, who had invoked the constitutional privilege against self-~_incrimination. _ * . ,  _~ .  &#39; =&#39; - _;
V _ - . ~. ._  _ &#39; <  _ » , s-_-.&#39;."_-jg;-.>&#39;.,_.  Sheiner, whose case is now awaiting decision in the Florida Supreme Court,! invoked the Fifth Amendment when he was called to testify before a Senate Interral;§*§3Security subcommittee inquiry last year, and when disbarment proceedings were brough Iagainst him in the Florida court because of his stand, he again raised the pri.vi_l_,eg_e*1*
.>92
> - . - _ . . <~&#39; -;  _ -»_ Q P:""4%:§ . - . _ _ _ , . _ ~ _ . - . . - 1 _ ¢_ ._~_;;;e§¢i~ Speaking for the ACLU, executive director Patrick Murphy Malin declared that""rjQ?1k. ~ e
before the court considering disbarmerrt thathe was a Communist, and that no savage I lawyer should be asked whether he was a Communist until there waspompetent evident; i
inference can properly be drawn from the exercise of the privilege against selsfsf-?._5§;*incrimination. "This privilege," Halin said, "exists to_protect theinnocent as 5as the guilty."  ~  . .&#39; , . . __ »  -;ff§¬1i;=~i&#39;§»=j_.*g$12%?-2&#39;1-¬¢§=?*§§f:°-&#39;-*#3
&#39; j-&#39; . In asserting thatthe use of the Fifth Amendment itseli should never be thelsole
ground for disbarment, Malin emphasized that there was no evidence of Sheiner&#39;s Communist activity or association. The ACLU added that even if membership in the "Cg-" nist Party was-shown, this should not be the reason fordisbarment, unless it_92vaIs=~&#39;;,1 Tproved that the membership had 1&#39;i&#39;esulted in the lawyer performing acts inconsistentf*;§§,with his professional duties." - &#39; ~ 5    "__ -_-1»;-_~; ~-"J;-&#39;-&#39;_";.i
_ Malin commented that "no witnesses had testified against Sheiner before _the;J}_1dgewho disbarred him asked Sheiner whether he was or ever had been a Communist Party&#39;r_refg_1 pv bers At the very least, Sheiner should have had an opportunity to cross-exanlinelhzgsg,accusors before being forced himself to answer thezguestion. Otherwisé the P1_QFEf¢5f?&#39;1
tion of due process of law was lacking._-- . ~_ &#39; ~.&#39;f<&#39;§~ts:§=   &#39; _ &#39;   .=~-1.1"-._*.-r»~
&#39; "Indisbarring Sheiner, the judge relied solely on the fact that Sheiner had "ses-fused to answer the question about Communist Party membership, and that Sheiner hadgfinvoked the privilege against self-incrimination. But the federal courts have heldé;that no adverse inference can be drawn from the acercise of the Fifth Amendment .§{h;<_{1}ll
is irrbedded in our Constitution, and that it exists as a shield for the innocentbasfewwell as the guilw. Therefore, no inference should have been drawn that_$l_1eine1f_W8_$-or ever had been a member of the Communist Party.. 1 &#39; ~ _ v  -Q 7  I3";

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ACLU. recognises that.theCon1rm.92nis*¢y P1-8Fs&#39; Vaspo sman added, "in that it carries on some rk that is politicaloagitation pro-Sr: "&#39;4
tected by the First Amendment, but that it is also part , of an interrational conspir--,.
acy. But we do not believe that a lawyer can be properly disbarred for membership
the Communist Party alone. It may be that in some cases membership in the Party.&#39;maw.j._
go beyond mere association into external obedience which actually results in_thedis&#39;-§.&#39;~tortion of a lawyer&#39;s duty, But when-oa lawyer has been practicing for a long pe1&#39;ii$d3j§,of time, as Sheiner has, distortion - if there has been distortion - would be visible,
In the absence of adverse evidence relating overwhelmingly to actual distortion, webelieve that Sheiner could not properly have been disbarred._&#39;__-g _ ,_  &#39; 51- , &#39;
.  ~  __  _.  . Acm Amgym mmpmmsz;   &#39;
.,; .._.._"t &#39;TheACLU&#39; has noted the appeal of author  B;r-adford I-Ifuie is contempt of courtf;
conviction in the Florida Supreme Court with a public statement upholding Huie&#39;s pcsi--{
tion. j  c _ I .,   - .    1  3  " -,=.~.:*+
.&#39; Huiev¬hadbeen&#39;pi:eparing &#39;a book on the case of Ruby In-icCollum, whohad beenof murdering her lover in-Florida; His research led him to believe that Judge Hal-151;: &#39;"Adams, who tried the case was actually, involved himself in a net of intrigue that?-.-Y
.emerged as background to the murder. Iluie was cited for contempt by Judge,Adams_ when_he tried to. publicize this and other facts about the case.uncovered while he &#39;tried_to_f;;
obtain an interview with Mrs. I-icCol_1um¢ . . , - &#39;  . &#39; - . .-I J   &#39;.. . __ _ - -- » p _~ . 1-,. I . *.--.~__.._&#39;.
"" a TheAC1U statement declared that due process was denied Huie whenJudge Adamsiwaispermitted to try a contempt citation based on a charge I-Iuie had made against.3dg° &#39;?.?"s.°]-£9-&#39; if-&#39;.   <1 .- A -» &#39;  .1 1 &#39;. &#39; "   17$-
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2 - $1.. &#39; - - &#39; J17 &#39;":v, &#39;2-¬"§- ~=;~- . 1.» .. -_  ~f~.-;?.-&#39;-,"-J -"=1-&#39;  1.&#39;»&#39;."¢=>;Z&#39;-~&#39;.>1:&#39;.&#39;¬=r~. -&#39;-2?i:*-Q. !~{-- &#39; 2.~"};._f~- - :1.:"="."-?r¢.--;,-¬&#39;-fr- I" &#39;. , _,. -~&#39; . _ ~ . ;92?;." _1;;_{_.7_ &#39; &#39; &#39;~ _.  .4 x -_..92.. &#39;,,~,-.,.i&#39;_j.>-;,_-_-&#39;_. ,-.== ~<-~-.- 9&1 e. f **f.&#39;.-&#39;;. 1» .,~,.>.,~y *1_,~._&#39;,f~;,». . .50" 4".-.7 5,. &#39;,¢..&#39; "2;-23 1.-i.»~.;:.*;. ;;~,"-;=»-:=_;:?-.=,= . » -_.- - .,-..-,~;~- -&#39; .* ...w<.;* ..§~_=-;,_ &#39;:~§&#39;~._,>.,.-2 7:-_ , J.&#39;?. "~/&#39;4.<" » -... 1. . Usingthelanguageof-theUnitedStates-Su1n&#39;eme~Courtinas:.n1ilarcaserthe%3_;¢jACLU pointed out that "when a judge might have to blacken his own reputation by--,&#39;;_f;
.T.&#39;o;,¢}.yfinding in favor of the defendant, _&#39;the temptation of the average man as a judge to.forget the burden of proof required to convict the defendant, or which might lead
not to hold the balance "nice, clear and true between the state and the accused, ,&#39;;.-...- _;§jTIrenders a trial by the judge unconstitutional." , ._&#39;.   e :;  _
&#39; . CATHOLIC osmcrons APPEAL nnoprno ~" . -1 4&#39; 
Efforts of the Northern California ACLU to appeal the case er we Catholicconscientious objectors, George Lillis and Albert Duffy, have apparently 9°F1° t&#39;°end. » .A _ H .. . t  H
~ The ACLU had moved in Federal court for leave to prosecute the appeal at goverafxfgfv-f3l;7
went expense, but was turned dovm by Federal Judge 0.D. Hamlin who was, "satisfied.-1&#39;:tig*.&#39;g- 2L1 ;that the proposed appeal iswithout merit and not taken in_ good faith-"c
 ~  3
The ACID decided to drop the appeal because of the expense, of continuing andbecause of the slim chances for success in view of previous refusals of the Comt;o£§;¢492Appeal and Chief Justice"Ear1 Warren to grant bail on the ground that there was
substantial question involved in the case. - ,, .  -- , ,  &#39; T5 =vf;;__ _ . - &#39;_. . .. »- , &#39;."~4&#39;,A _.>:
wT.ssar{covmaNon moss sscmscznixow BILLS
Governor Frank 0. Clement ofi1enne&#39;s&#39;see hasfvetoed two bills passed  the
Legislature for -the purpose of maintaining segregated schools in Fayette and Hayt-If_>0d_
counties. . Similar bills. for other counties havebeen introduced and, if passed,-<;92{-&#39;; V
xpresumably will be turned Idown by the governor. 1he Legislature failed to oven&#39;idef,;;.:vthe veto} 4 -&#39;~» A --  &#39;» &#39; -. .~ -.      ii
In his veto message, the Agovérnor pointed out that the measure was merely
attempt to circumvent the segregation decisionof the United States Supreme Court.i§~ a &#39; I * - P "  1" i"  ~&#39;   ~:i1-..:.~"-i:"T.:l:_ .;;~":;T?i.:3§W C  Henotedithat the "only possible effect  of the bills! can be to foment racifal§f;#;Q
hatred and disorder where-none exists, and to precipitate_ issues to the detri.:|1e&#39;nt:.oi»<"-5.
all con_cerned."» .   ...£_-&#39;  .~ ~
The bills, invoking the,police power," wculdgive school boards in {Tcounties the authority to assign pupils to am school the board might desigx1ate5,;.~.A&#39;»-1-is. . -. &#39; ~ ~,~. . -  &#39;. .&#39; : . -_ " .2:/»&#39;:: +<&#39;_ _ . _ &#39;__ _ ;,&#39;.; .._ . . _.. ; ... .- »AZ_ -- 1- . . . .-.&#39;..»~ »» . _ .. .i_ .&#39;_ ,_. .1 __, _>. ...: _.__.,______i: . .. .  ,.t",;._,.>. _ . 
_ &#39; . L  " &#39; czvn. msmrms nrcums, A ;; __ _ .
The st. Paul, Minnesota, City Council unanimously adopted an FEPC ordinance,making it the 35th city in the_ nation to bar discrimination in hiring...New Jersey,has had a law prohibiting discrimination in public housing since 1950, but court z1&#39;ci-.-?&#39;.£&#39;_&#39;f;tion in each case was required to enforce its &#39;1he State Legislature has now
the Division lgainst Discrimination, an administrative body, power to enforce the; *_ ;_law on its own, 4 I &#39;  5 If-J .  . .,iF§?:g§4=&#39;