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SUBIECT: KLAUS FUCHS
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datod hbx-my 17, 1950- Ihdall lath: of Jim 27, 19b6, in addruoad.
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SUBJECT: KLAUS FUCHS
FILE: 65-58805
SECTION: I Q

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u I11 riltnotad document in tbs B! 301-101 on nude -had nhcdtoan gent tthosov1tGovorunu:£t!.n9 Q11 I O O
first indication that u person responsible tor u dinolomre 
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thn sorviota llyxt bu 1- British subject occurred in August, 1949. 31; 1,,
the sun tine, however, the informtion dlqlnot oxnlado u pna1- C,21.1.; mu. m rolponniblo pi-rty oould ln}-boon an Alnrlom @183»:
r n person at other nationality. After up ruoipt. at this 1nfo_a- ""anon, an-. c. n. lollndlr, :1-., Saour1tyg!|.q&#39;pr, A-tonic may ,_,ccnmiuion,   13.0., III cont; -and bl.-_I-dvilld 0!! *1
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1950, u lrttlla protnutnd to-l.nt0n&#39;o|p.cn Fuchs
hdocntuootin -Qnntluoadotl bran1949. 1Q§M- m
" an 9092obu"21, 1949; I Inga; no diruhd by in to t-haMule auntie: Ir. O..A. bhnbr, :1-., ddviling
that an 0 tnnoilgntion Ill hing pondlnill roprdtng mobs,
Ihointlnhqllyiiu 
n Qh1Dl&#39;t&#39;0lOl-I&#39;0DIOI*OIQ$ tholtnclo
lung innards ll
lbllahnnat, In-I011, Inland. h-this lattor than
In not tort-h tnfoximn ntlaotiag tint u ulna at hobo appeand
in tluaddnabok otluullllnndaamua aphu-odloznn
wnto &#39;

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taot92eee,0eneb,toreerde¢|hoteetet1eee.eeo£ene4d:~eeehuet
enl¢hrytoend1eIl1lIrln&#39;e||oeeeeel.ele9292helleeeth1eeppn-
henetuu aee-ddreeebooken<ld1u1eou92e!.aedee1en1lnmdredneeu
e.f1.n&v1due1e11v1.ng!aGheUIl.tedl92Ileade92herprtee£_the
ea:-14. ;mn¢theeatrteeeweuedtheeeneo!nneIeehe,uet.
92ol.Iom;l4000r¢Iuae,Uuv.e£lMnhn.rd1,leetJ.enA,OeIpI V
 
ll! L.! Interment opnne. W
lhllayelceuéunloultelteileelnieeddeedthe
Iednnliurem at nnveetlgetion tint thllbhlllolmdl
ueehle to arittdz security gutlm-idem In ianetuetleu me
nnmzciedbythenueenngercltngponaelletediathead
reeeboaknnotreetdi-l¢1nthe||n1.ted8tlheLaeQd:eebthf.l|ecaaedhn -
ad Baum euumrittee were eoadncttng hnepttue in eenmeon
with the ruiitimtione at the Oehedan eeptonege network, lad
pertinent intornetton being velaped by the 1-eepeetln eenieee nobeing qxahengedf $1; V
Bzecnlyknalnllnkbeheeniheithlypubllcieed
cmedineepiomge eaeeandeeptougee-ettd
ethlebe iethe
Ielperln earn-eee book entry. Decent pen es-lube eetttng out that
the uuua sue», in 1946, eu eevteel at tube A-lltlvity through
the canedhn Royal Oouinian, have eboh
 IO belie in teat.
IhIBoye1cuA4i.enIonnted.Po11oelnveed1Iel&e92ae1thert-heayel
Odnledanmr the Boga]. Demnnlnnhdblib lldpaeeueedenwq D tntornuon regarding mam eemcmge eetlvlh tn 19b6, I-I stat-ed inb s mama the cenulen weekly, the mum.-
heve untldentinlly advised they
believe thfkléor us he ettmyf-1:3 to chin dlt forthe mm one ma um the mm of an ei&#39;t1
&§%LL;
Anna the thaueendeot thxnadoenenteeepturedet.
ear, than were he decmlnte ehieh apparently were
euennznsemxritwrelioeiuthelprtngotlkl, prior
at R|ud.e.= ibeee _:locment| lmnteined thoueandl of
tor tutu-e reference 1: 
le Queen: H.100
Ina1.mled|.nthe_1i.etaee:~e thetolloelngu

--._._-__ _.. _..._ ..__._.a.¥_.--pus.»-.-.._-.@..-.-._>._..-: -_-» - _- - __- __- - - __ .1 ¢ 4 ,.
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+ % % =- -_l/
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Ilsllllldl; KM-I&#39;ll; OIIUIIIO I!-dd Olnl H01-I
"normed hubs, Mlohorip IW9. luallhdn, Ihullat,
Em-IIL2 Guhpo nail atrial I101."
OI:-1:24 um tn u Uourotl-lllltn u: Iacha.
IMBIIA rape:-todly shad: tor ncoltlnl ota otnlunrlby
Po1t~uo1n0nrnn:|y,nnd&hcnsn|nn92ho11|tnIor0nportod1yo£
pornunapnetodtyihlooz-nn:u0%l.Ibn0rlu&#39;I£|llQlntn
Llhrtln iavudpeuettuduna mmm, unxninntton otu
hominid rufloatod the anal of huh! and his bonr.
thlnlunandounothaathn thoclannaot
Ihclan by the British aathurtthn prior to ht: Inning to an tidied
stat-an ta oamoatton with Manta can-Q mound: in 1943 hunch at
tbnopomimliwotnmritynntodmthnhnhthnmdmu
H-I1»l&#39;10
, and hdnnl nu-can at nnvuhlgatlna ncpannlnllthl Ion
not Had by In uni-L1 t-In Malta berg Act of 195 banal: othan
Jammy 1, 191.7. when nabs an to the mind sums in 1947 tn In
clan-ad by u Atomic Inna Gadsden without rctorcuun to the I&#39;ll.
In connection with tho show, I dniru to dnu to your
attmtton the tact that tho lntonn
m ountninod heroin in at a
strictly oonridantnl nature, particularly nth ntcnnm to u
original info , and lhould ho oonddond an at {op Stunt chad.-
ticntion.
- amh naproldoaa of up mgum. nun an uuzhpmn,
_ aianorolly yuan, .
H
|

. I8 U 4
SUBIECT: KLAUS FUCHS
FILE: 65-S8805
_ SECTION: 32 4&#39; QBF QOX
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~ Ir. ,_.__.!&#39;92*| A  #4 I I-92..UN, I I ., .- -IL A  Tnlmlounozcoua or 00051.: ¢9_IE!_E.Ic/Ian: uwazg? rnou an nuuasa 8 §;_tl=&#39; .1,:2: Z$iE%EiP T LONDON, ENGLAND. EIVED VIA THE STATE @i"kAR &#39; ~ ~< .  /e4#7_7/2 A In r|
nmcms F1 D . .mm  " *, S. 4/ .%%0gCgg%3 ESPIONAGE "MR. FUCEE INTERVéEIED FOR 3:PgOXIMATELY &#39;N " N R NO OF AV ZC. E WAS S EMINGLY C P RATIVE &#39;AND RAISEO§§5;SON-MATTER BUT AS SATISFIED NHEN MATTER EXPLAINED @?
I TO NIH REGARDING CORSON&#39;S EXPRESSED DESIRE TO GO TO RUSSIA 2AND FATHER&#39;S REQUEST THAT STATE DEPARTMENT UITNDRAI PASSPORiaSUBJECT SNDIN STILLPNOTDCRAPHS OF!GOLD;&#39;AND_STATED $UOTE I
CANNOT REJECT TNEM, UNQUOTE BUT NE DID NOT IDENTIFE HEN,
SAYING THEY IERE NOT CLEAR ENOUGN FOR IDENTIFICATION. PROJECTOR
OBTAINED AND ARRANGEMENTS MADE TO-SHOW NII MOVING PICTURES OF
COLD MONDAY. SUBJECT FURNISHED THE FOLLOWING ADDITIONAL ESTIMATED
DESCRIPTION OF AMERICAN ESPIONACE CONTACT! HEIGHT 5 FEET 8 OR 9INCHES, WEIGHT Ila DARK HAIR &#39; DOES NOT REMENBER NAIR LINE,F IR BROAD FACE D FIGURE. USUALLY DORE DARK CVERCCAT AND SUITS.4&INI S I-IE IENTIONEI! I-IAVINC IIFE AND CIIILDREII. I-IE MAY IIAVE BEEN
JEWISH. MAY HAVE LIVED IN PHILADELPHIA THINKS NE MENTIONED THIS__ONCEQj NO ACCENT IN SPEECH BUT BELIEVE THAT SPEECN&#39;IOULD BEEAST U.S. COAST.~ DESCRIBED HIM AS BEING OF TNE MIDDLE CLASS.
NIS FAMILIARITY IITN CERTAIN TECHNICAL TERMS LED FUCHS TDBELIEVE CONTACT Ig§CHEMIST OR ENGINEER. SUBJECT STATED THATfNE MAY HAVE GIVEN RISIEL SOME NAME TO IDENTIFY CONTACT IF HE
CALLED TH RE. VAGUELY REMEMBERS TNE NAME OE§QACK BUT IT COULD
6&#39;15} g._3.? V: I K
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.. :._ _ R F A 92 .- I.Q _ £Cb;;>,92:Z;,.l]l&#39;|I | fasgbb//I. ,»
If the inte}1jgé
bé contained in the aboie&#39;mes§age is to Be disseminated
u side the Btfeau, it is suggeatedlthat it bq suiiab y garaphrased inorder to propect. the Bureau&#39;s crwtbgz
mic systems?  M
-I -I " I an6 .|.I|_ 92Lsyws azeu§§LQa£r11_. cuaee. sascsm-:0: ;=  5-zo-50 3:5 bu unar/°/A  jgII
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hue Gccae was neu-
had missed meeting! and
partnent Gooee learned that
i 1, 4
Oi

 Memorandum - UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT 1
, To = The Director » via?-Q??? com February 6,FROM = D. K. Ladd  /  +g/. = _ . J :§ 11..D A sEa,|tae&#39;r=  _ %JAA*&  __ 32%3 l -  E cxc
, $~ -:r.=?:@ :1 Lql-L5-$SlF|E,92__,&#39;mam  ??Z&#39;-" 1;: &#39;-.1;;im2 sa-zw.-&#39;11 Ma ," 12122 A - &#39;  =-;=..&#39;;_;...a~..; 6e92T- -- e I3 _ DECLASSIEY  5 ID. q L Mg R There ia attac _ :;@_a_ry memorandum which has n prepared 5% -
"&#39;1 for your nae in your appearance before the Ocngreaaioaal Atcni cu-uooo
b 5!-L9. _. with relpect_tc their hearing tegerding 1:51 4&0 e &#39;; 7% &#39; I¬?_11"7°°°o &#39;4 %>%?¢ - _, . cuxssmeo B* &#39; 2? 1- " oecmss o 5V ;;P_§;53z.r;&#39; W»/J4» ag. +6? 5&3" 23,76 EFY N 2
= Ion will note that in the attached a
&#39; there been a,.
we recei I ne be a ct the extreme!; delicate uu&#39;~c the iatcu-no ion  i¢ in received by ua under 7;
an agreement mt it wi1L_&#39;L not dioaelinhted cutaide the Bureau. There ie, 
hcwe attached ital; to thin meaorandun the available intcrmatitro aJ.ing with Beat and Charlea
cover nenea deaiguatedonAa  were the two Soviet   &#39; - *
for Ir. Iuoha, In addition, all of the an-ilab/ mticn in attached re ing Fuchs Bo
g the two coverle inter &#39;
incipai whcwaa identified under 
name of Gcoae end  &#39; _
&#39; & He ccntinu our--1
_ _ - 5 1
invectigation to identify the Unknown Subject, &#39;with eliaeea
oae, Arne . following information ia available
A um i.n¢Lividua1.:  _concerning
H
 Al oi August 29, 19, the poaeihle do
1 was mentioned in a &#39;perture oi tuoha for Great Britain
cable to Moscow. In thia connection, the
3 tioned._ It waa stated that Inch:
8.on inquiry at hie
Inch! had returned to Great Britain. tor the purpoe
or verifying thin, Goose attempted to contact Fm: &#39;
* hie mister and hha eiater, but learned mt 1 T-
err hnaband would not return until September 20, 191$. M of  A
* October 1;, 19100, it was reported that Fuchal sister had not returned hone and
-. that Goose planned mother trip to see her on October 1
191m, 11: van reported
ght Goose had made contact with :&#39;tuel:hl&#39;O:iater and   I
o  ;,..-o"   rw=»»~> ~ 4.-om:/ooh M -  /  &#39; &#39;  I?. 1,! f-7*7Yro 11,    W 92
>"-&#39;y_&#39;_  &#39; ,;5 >MAY261950 *"  A &#39;  92Y
&#39;92 &#39; .L. 1 . &#39;_ A &#39;1 r 1-,; F &#39;. " - . ."_:::&#39;i&#39;f____  »*§1?= &#39;
,/ I - l
I I~

_ . _. _ ..§ _.-..a. ..__._., _
-&#39; IQ Qt _ Cl   O
lhmrmiul U0 UM Director
z .¢o*
Avour collaboration vith aE:1"nt!e11i3o§ in omneotin nu thiseeee, developed in the tolloring&#39;  _ End: Intelligence, for a iderabie peri of tine, Ina had etellni representative working Iith ¢e1-tein intorntion, " L I
"dueling via the ma aetivitiee in Australia, me hzrniahel to Britieh
Intelligence. After on-tain conferences with General On-ta 01¢.-ke ml the
British Intelligence ivee, a diaonaeion oi the internation availableto u  n would wet intereat to m-nun Intelligence,
vee_oon.n.o onkpril i 9. Chotthe bcrovghttotheattentionof the m-mm Dntelligenoe repreoentativee $&#39;-..@-m dealing with Beat mow . ,
but rm-niahed hie espionage superior a dooune dentixied in the DB! series,
It ia to be noted. that the intonation ooneerning Rut and the document vac _
1:-open t ,nethe~ri.ngbeenomp1ete¢toenge:|.tentb7
hl
5, on Avgult 15, 19x9, in rim», 1 nennramlun m directed tothe In You-k Office inntrnoting then to institute In innttigetion A ehBro coking toward: the iientiiioetion oi the Unlcnovn 8ubJeoEoo@the eae, on Augult 25, 19!:-9, in a Ienorendun to ne, it was reoolnende ~9
the e dooumnte in the I81 eeriea be identified, it poeeible, through the
Atomic me:-g coniuim. llr. Iiolander, of the Atomic Inez-Q Ouninion Be-
identified the IBI l6l.1Il ea dooulentl prepared by the Britilh Atmio Mission
in llew York City in-ing the early pert of 19%. The doounente in tliia series
were obteineiirou the Atolio merg commission and vere examined, at vhioh
tine the doounent I61!-12 no identified as e doounecnt prepared by Dr. K. Puohe,
vho vae subsequently iientilied an I111 Julius nan: Fuohl. the dooonent IBH-12vu the doounent tn:-niahe on June 15, by ov
et Intelligence, accord-~»ww~w~ 1 $ bl_ _ !On Beptelber I, 19109, a neiorendun vea reoei regqeetingthe Bureau: eeeist |-inaction vith the identification of eat-,&#39; " un./ouirity Offioe, wan oonteotel on Auguet 29, 1989, and he, after I littioultiee,
9 1&#39;
&#39;1
September 22, 19149 advieed in a nenoreniun that the decunent 151!-12m unooubtedly a furniahed to the Boviet Ihtelligenoo Beurvioe by Q!
Bea . e eveilable intonation concerning the author, R. Icahn, was turniahe 92 _&#39;
to including the £eo_t_3.hnt-hie not appeared in Ilrael Eelpe:-in: noteboo ,
J O
-*; 1" 789-9292f$"92
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HQ 65-58805-1202 P.3  VAUGHN PAGE - 48 A
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&#39;; .&#39; Q .. "92i&#39;..- _ -  L! &#39; A i
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uemmeu to the Director L  P4
n  Tin-~*&#39;**926" &#39; .e tact that his nene nppen-ea in a list o Soviet end. on-mint agenta eon-» 1
tained in a captured. Germn document, end. the fact that Kristel Heinenenh
husband, been a lemher of the Cerlmmiet rm; in cum-mp,
lheeachneette advised that a further investigation of the hatter
val in September 1911-9, there has been, in vlrioul nenoranda
to and e lete emhenge of intonation developed. concerningthis latter &#39; ;@&#39;-L
vith your request t the marked portions or the
newepaper artielee in the Time Herald" end. The Ienhingten Poet for February
14, 1950, he incorporated in the attached euneary memorandum vhere you had -.
designated than by nrtingp, thie hen been done where we had verified. available
information. It ie to be noted. that in connection vith The Washington Poet" -
article, it is date-lined at Frankfort, Geruenq on February 3; 195°, and eon-
taine considerable inforntion which has not previously been made available
to us and which we cannot at this tile verity ae being authentic.
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FEBRUARY 6, 195°
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TABLE OF COH&#39;1EEH
PAN - .--.-
- 4
IDEITIITCAIIOI AB 807111 ESPIOKAG A%&#39;.I-- ------------ ------" 1
_JBa:1n of InVeItiga.t1on----------i-------------~ ------ ---- 1
Preliminary 1nvuz1gn1¢n------ ----- -------- ----- -»----- 1
I:1ont_1cation Eutlfblishod ------- --- ----- --------------» 1
mrxouum co1mc1~s- -------- --- ------------------------------ -- 2
ransom. nsmnr---» ------- ---- -------- ------- ----------- ---- 3
mom ACTIVITIB or mess ---- -------- ----- --- --------------- -- h
Ansociation with Israel Kalper1n-----------------------» 9
1 Wendell. nun, Furry ------------------- ---------~---11
Kristel Fuchs Heineman --------------------------------- --12
mmnrcnon ----------------------- --- ---------------------- --11»
cmmmcn 1&#39;01! xrouxc mum": mmonmmr IN m mm sum---16
mouzmm or AZBOMIO @mcn mv1:Lormms---- ---- -- - 18E31--mlm coumonxnox ---------------- --- ----- --- ------- --22 I
Int.orviuwl---------------------» --------------- --- ------ --25 &#39;mom! mvm.omm&#39;1-s III zmmxn;--- -------- ------------~ ---- --25Clearance to Interview-u --------- -----------~ -------- --23
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IDENTIFICAHOH A8 sovrs-r zsnomss Loam
B_ssis o£&#39;_ Investigat:i_c_n .
me investigation ct $1 Julius Klaus Fuchs was based on i.n.f.om-
stion received during septenber, "1949, Iron s confidential. informant who
stated that s British edm d in research work ozrthe diffusion
program of the steed. development had worked for the Soviet Government in
the United Sta e e. period prior to the first ctmic bomb explosionat Alamo8°"d.°- UL &#39;gg[,11_53I?E5|J§Y 5<S
~¬668  HPreliminary Investigation $7;   Cf7&#39; &#39;"&#39;!
B8-sed on the above, and the intormntu statement that this British
scientist had e sister living in the United States, investigation by the FBI,&#39;92.1.n collaboration with. Brl.t:l.sh authorities, was instituted. Bis names oi
various British scientists were checked by the FBI. One individual soon
came" of particular interest. This was Emil Julius Klaus Fuchs, commonly
known in scientific circles as Dr. Karl Fhcha. It was determined that he
had a sister by the name of Kristel Fuchs Heinsman residing in Cambridge,
Iassaohusetts. lbs names of one Klaus Fuchs, of Edinbux-$x, Scotland, and
Kristel Heinemn of I-B-tertown, llsssachusetts, appeared with numerous other
names in the address book of Israel Halperin, who was arrested by the RCMP
but not convicted in connection with the widely publicized Canadian
espionage network. ies s were identified with Evil Julius D3118 Fuchsandhis sister K1-istel..  Ch!I
It was u-ther ted concerning Fuchs that his name appeared on alist maintained by the Gestapo oi suspected Communists and   tents.The name of his brother, Gerhard, also appeared on this lie u_
Identiiication Established
Acting on this information and mrthsr investigative results, all
of which were made available to the British authorities, it was concluded
that Fuchs ntical with the individual mentioned by the originalinformnt»  &#39; 92
.. _&#39;- Qnwwmzm BY: &#39;ELL !:; &#39;?.T,&#39;:"]&#39;_§53H.§0 D *"&#39; 1 vE¢1-92$$*F-- °= lHE;&#39;.L&#39;..1! t .,==LP->3??? W4 M v ~40EI~.,a.&#39;.."2".92.Q.;..F.E§:1.H192*| . 6 27 7 K 1. 1 &#39; ///,2!L;;;.. ____  X
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The identity of Fuchs? principal contact in the 
tted States during  Uthe period he was here has not been determined Investigation i cnt W
I30 Chi 1determine who s individna is.  ms Soviet cover name Iaszooseg
is known tint Inohs was contacted by this espionage principal d year
1941. and that arrangements tor other contacts Ieraheing nade. It is also
known that the particular espionage network involved was controlled by a
Soviet intelligence agent in the Bovist consulate in low Iork city. Fuchs, in
recent interrievs Iith the British authorities, has remsed to iubntiiy his
espionage principal in the United States, stating he does not remember hisdescription. nordoee he even renenher h:l.s mtionalitgzqw
&#39; mring-_the interviels with theritish authorities Fuchs tarnished
the following information. He stated that he was recrgitcd in 1941 st his
mm imitigation through the introduction of a CcImunist
"lend Ihm he did not
further identify. lie stated that his 
rst contact in England was a man of
Russian nationality. 
e second contact in mgland was a Icnan of foreign
nationality. He furnished no informtion concerning either oi these personsin addition to the toregcing;£X>L  D
Fuchs stated that contact Iith the Soviets Ihile he Ins in the
United States I88 carried out through the medium of one mn. He said that he
does not even knosn this iniividualis nationality and cannot remember his
description. He said that this contact was not s nnelear plwsiciat hut had
some knoiledge er chemistry and engineering. He said tint all meetings were
carried out at street corners. Oi these meetings, tour took place in New York
city during 194-4. A further meeting Ias arranged to take place in Boston,
hasachusetts, at Christmas, 191.4, but Fuchs claims he did not keep this
appointment. me or two matings took place in Boston between Isbrmry 13 and
2, 1945- Another meeting took place st 8-ante re, In lexico, i e 1945, and a mrther nesting also occurred at a later chte in Santa  ll >
Fuchs claimed tint his sister who had been an active cover
camunist in Germany my have witnessed his meetings Iith his United States
contact in Beaten and nay have deduced that these meetings were a continuation
oi I
1chs&#39; underground Iork in Germany. 
le infomation iron the original
informnt de
nitely indicates that Kristel Fuchs Hsinslan, the sister oi
Fuchs, was need to some extent in the arrangements llsde for the espionage
contacts between Fuchs and his principal. n-ietel mehe Beinsmen has been
interviewed  as sot torth under a separate page! but denies ha lmowledgct her hrotherls having exgaged in espionage in the United States i IA
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_ Dr. Fuchs was born December 29, l9ll, at nusselsheim, Germany. 2
Be is a British subject, having been so naturalised in l9h2. He is
unmarried and a mathematical physicist by occupation. .
Fuchs father is Dr. mil Fuchs, who was born may 13, 18714, in .
Begmany. Until recently his father resided in Frankfort, Germany, "at which
time he accepted a chair at the University of Lei-P813 in the Russian Zone
of Gonnsny.  Note; Gerhart Eisler was offered a position at the University of
Isipzig.!
The Immigration and Naturalization records at New York reflect
that F921chs&#39; father, Dr. mil Fuchs, age seventy-four, arrived in New York
on October 10, 19148. He was admitted until April 9, 19149, which was ex-
tended to July 9, 19h9. m-. mil Fuchs left The United states on July 6,
19149. He was here as a lecturer, sponsored by Pendle Hall, Wallingtord,
Pennsylvania, in cooperation with the guerican Friends Service Committee,
27 south 12th street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
It has been reported that Fuchs&#39; mother&#39;s name was Elfe Wagner
and that she was born and had died in Germany.
Dr. Fuchs has a brother, Gerhard Fuchs, who was born October
30, l909, at Russelsheim, Germany. In l9h2, Kristel I-Ieineman reported that
this brother was held at a sanitorium in Zurich, switzerland. More recently
she is reported to have stated that all of her brothers, except Emil Fuchs,
were engaged in Communist activities. Presumably this would apply to Gerhard
Fuchs. There is no information available at this time that Kristel Heineman
has any brothers except Gerhard and Bail Fuchs.I
Kristel Heineman, the sister of Dr. Fuchs, is discussed at
length under a separate heading bearing her name.
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The earlier activities or Dr. Fuchsvare rather sketchy and obscure.
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The British have advised that Fuchs landed in the United Kingdom in
1933. They also have stated that Fuchs engaged in underground work in Germany
and that his sister, istel Heineman, alsofwas evidently an active undercoverCommunist in Ge §§ &#39;ma
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ne the date or the underground activity of Fuchs in Germarnnisnot mugs is to be noted that Kristel I-Ieineman first entered the United
States on ptember 30, 1936, from England, where she claimed to have resided
since July, 1936. Prior to July, 1936, back to 1934, she had been in Germany,and from July, 1931., back to 1933, she had been in Switzerland. u,
Kristel Heineman is reported to have made the statement that she
had lived in Germany when Hitler first came to power and that her father and
brother had spent some time in German concentration camps. She said that her
brother later went to England and became a British subject. She described this
brother as a very brilliant scientist and added 1-.  Albert E.! Einsteinhad sent for him to help work on the atomic bomb&! , /
The British also have reported that from 1941 to 1943, when Fuchs
came to the United States, he had been engaged as a mathematical physicistat the University of Birmingham, Englandga  H!
In this regard, Fuchs advised the Immigration and Naturalization
Service that during the five years preceding his entry into the United
States on December 3, 1943, i. ee, since 1938 or 1939, he had been a research
felllcm at the University of Edinburgh, Scotland, and a research worker, .
Department of Mathematics, University of Birmingham, England.
Concerning this period, it must be noted that Kristel and Robert
Heineman have separately advised that Fuchs was, at one time, interned in
Canada as a German alien. Robert Heineman could not recall when this
occurred and Kristel Heineman placed the time as from 1943 to 1945, wch
obviously is incorrect in view of the well-established facts of this case.
It will be recalled that Israel Halperin&#39;s address book contained the name
of Dr. Fuchs, followed by the notation "Camp N - Camp L, internment operations,
and the name of Kri tel Heineman, with an address at which she resided prior
from 1941 to 1943, chs was at the University of Birmingham would appear,
therefore, that Fuchs internment in Canada as an enemy alien occurred in 1940.at no time have the British furnished any information about the fact that Dr.to January, 19!!-1o.._  also will be recalled that the kitis  stated that J
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In December, .1943, when Fuchs entered the United States he
gave his residence address es,"the Taft Hotel, New Iork City. Subsequently,
for s brief period, he resided at the Barbizon Plaza Hotel, Her Iork City.
The room-ds of these hotels f r the pertinent period have been destroyed.Following these residenoemgi about February 8, 1944, Fuchs took over an
apartment Imm a member of Diftusion Mission who returned to the United
Kingdom. Hie British have not been able to furnish the address of this
epsrhnent. They have advised that it was on lest 77th Street, midway between
Columbus and mnsterdam Avenues, approximately No. 120. it 120 lest 77th
Stree gation reflects tint there is no record of Fuchsi resicbncemem  investigation at numerous addresses on 77th street,as I es sm 72nd Streets, has failed to locate Fuchs tomer
apartment.
Upon his arrival in the United States Fuchs advised that he was
employed by the British Gevemment at the Department of Scientific and
Industrial Research, and stated that his business address in the United
states would be 43 Exchange Place, New York City. Shortly thereafter his
business address was changed to Care of B ti nistry of Supply Mission,
Room 2500, 37 Wall Street, New York City. M
The British have advised that Ihile in Rel York Oi? Fuchs had
had office specs at the Keller Corporation, which specs was taken ojver-by
another individual during February, 1944, at which time Fuchs began -spending two days a week in the office of John R. Dunning at Kellex.
At Christmas, 1943, according to Fuchs, he paid his _ s &#39; t
to his sister, Kristel Heineman, at Cambridge, lhssachusetts [L
on may 29 and 30, 1944, Fuchs is reported "to have visited Montreal,
Canada, for a conference with members of the National Research Council _oicane &#39; ..;3___ :! ,*§_,
ng the summer of 1944 Fuchs again visited his sister,. . heHeineman, at Cambridge, Massachusetts, according to his own statementxk
on July 14, 1941,, Fuchs is known to have visited Weshin.gton,D.C.,for a conference with Sir James Chadllick, British Atomic Energy representaw
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Iith respect,to Fuchsl transfer from New York to Los Alamos,
the British have advised that-on June 13, 1944, London telegraphed
lph E. Peierls, member of the British,llission who arrived in the
United States with hxchs, and who, on June 2, 1944, had been sent from
New York to Lou Alums, where he headed the British group there, and
asked for advice on whether Fuchs should retu.rn to the United Kingdom
to work on a project. On June 24, 1944, Peierls replied that while he
thought Fuchs should return if the project was being taken seriously, he
nevertheless knew that Fuchs would be welcomed at Les Alamo. On July 8,
1944, London telegraphed Peierls, say-Lug that Los Alanos should take
precedence over the project in the United Kingdom. On July 20, 1944, and
spin on July , 1944, Christopher F. Kearton, also a member of the
British Mission in New York City, wrote to Iondon advising that Fuchs
position was still uncertain, but that it looked as if he would return to
the United Kingdom rather than be transferred to Ins Alamos. on
August 4, 194-4, Washington wrote to Xearton, with a copy to Fuchs,
confirming Fuchs posting to Los Alsmos and instructing that he should
catch the plane for Santa Fe, Ne1I Mexico, from Chicago on August 10, 1944,
inasmuch as Fuchs previously had stated he would be ready to leave by
August 9, 1944. On August 8, 1944, Kearton wrote that Fuchs would be
leaving New York "this week." On August 1.1, 1944, Fuchs signed s letterfrom the New York office of the British nission x>bL
The records of the Atomic Energy Commission contain a statement
that Fuchs was supposed to leave for Los Alamos on August ll, 1944.
The records of the Atomic Energy Commission at Ips Alamos, New
Meaclco, reflect that Fuchs arrived there on August 14, 1944. * At Los
Alamos he worked in the iheoretical Pmrsics Division of the Laboratory
and resided in Room 17, Dormitory 1-102.
me records at Los Alamos also reflect that on February ll, 1945,
mchs left there for a vacation with Kristel Heineman at 144 Lakeview Avenue,
cambridge, Massachusetts. Prior to leaving he advised that he would be at
 jambridge from February 13th to 22nd. He returned to Los Alamos on
February 25, 1945, and stated that there had been no deviation from the
itinerary he had furnished;
ihe Los Alarms records further reflect that on November 21,
1945, Fuchs departed for Montreal, csnsda, via. Chicago, for a two-day
conference with representatives of the British organization, and for a.
vacation in Mexico. Under"Itinerary&#39; he showed that he would be in Montreal,
canada, November 22, 1945 - November 23, 1945, Albuquerque November 24,1945,
Albuquerque to Mexico City and back November 24, 1945, to December 8, 191.5.
mere was no indication that Fuchs had reported his return to Los Alamos orwhether there had been any deviations from his iti.nera.ry § 5 WD
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Regarding Fuchs vacation in lezico, the British have advised
that this vacation was in conpazw with Ihmdolph E. Peierls, head of the
British group at Les Alemos and a close associate of Fuchs. it this
time , Fuchs and Peier1s__caI|.1ed on the British Consul General in Mexico .City. Ihey reportedJ.y.returned to the United some earl; in December,194@2l/
IJmnig1&#39;6.hi0n and Naturalization Service records at Ipredo, Tens,
reflect that Budollh and Eugenia Peierls entered the United States at
I3-redo enrouta to England by way of Santa Fe, New llerico, on December 8,1945.
nae records at Los Alamos refle ct that on December 12, 1945,
Peisrls changed his residence from Room 1&#39;7, Dormitory T-102, to Room 5,
1945 Fuchs is known to have used Post office Box 1663 , Santa Fe, New He:d.co _ Domitory T-109, Les Alamos. The British have advised further that during 2
an June 16, 1946, Fuchs departed permanent]; from Ios Llamas,
traveling to Isshington, D.C., according to the records at Los Alsmos.
On June 1&#39;7, 1946, Fuchs was at the Hotel Sheraton, Wa.sh:Lngton,D.C.
The records reflect that he either checked in on that date for a one-nightls
stay, or checked out on that date after a one-nightls stay, probably the
latter.
on June 21, 1946, according to the Bri.t:I.sh, Fuchs Ias residing
in care oi Kristel Heineman, 144 Iakeview Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts,
and on June Z8, 1946, h rted by bomber for the United Kingdom from
Montreal Canada» est?
Immigration and Naturalization Service records reflect that on
November 11, 1947, Fuchs was adnitted into this country at New York City
and that he departed from the country on November 30, 1947. At t e eof this visit he showed his employment as the British Gevernment.&a§
The records of the Atomic Energy Commission reflect that Fuchs
was in this country in November, 1947, for the purpose of attending a
declasaification conference in Iashington, D.G., and also for the purpose
or discussing unclassified and declassified aspects oi neutron spectroscopy
with Dr. H. L. Anderson at the Argonne National lboratory, Chicago,I11inois.
According to the Atomic Energy Commission records, Dr. Fuchs was
scheduled to attend another declassification conference at the canadien
Atomic Energy Research establishment at Chalk Biver, ontario, canada, from
september 26 to September 28, 19/+9. -It appears, however, Dr. Fuchswas not able to attend this conference because or ill.ness
Since his departure from the United States Dr ,according to the
British, has been continuously engaged in the atomic energy program at I-1a.rweI|.1,
1!:ng1and,where he held the positic of s or Research Iorker. This was hisstatus at the time of his arrest u   .  _,-,- --
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Israel Helper-in was born on January 5, 1911, in Iestmount,
Quebec, canada, of Russian parents. He joined the canadian Lrw in l94-2;
in 191.3 was attached to the Directorate of irl&#39;.i]_&#39;l.e11; became a captain in
1944 and a najor in 1945; being discharged shortly thereafter and becoming
a professor of mthematics at QIQBIIS University, Kingston, mtario. In the
Lnzw he worked on a considerable number of secret projects and had access to
all the files and documents concerning explosives an w us, as well as toall he!-discoveries made available to the ArtilJ.ery. 1>
Documents abstracted from the Soviet Embassy at Ottawa, Canada,
by Igor Gonzenko, Soviet Code Clerk, who defected to the Canadian author-
ities on September 5, 1945, supported by the testimony of Gouenlco himself,
established that Halperin was a member or the Soviet llilitary Intelligence
espionage netlork operating in Canada during the period 1942-1.91.5.
apprehended in February, 1946, Halperin subsequently was placed on trial
for oonspirecy to violate the Canadian Official Secrets Act. However, on
I8-rch 4, 191.7, charges against him were dismissed upon refusal of a co-
conepiratorto testify against him and the consequent failure on the part of
the Crown attorneys tolink bin with the conspiracy through independent
evidence,- tion precedent to the admissibility of the Soviet docil-nents.
On larch 12, 191,6, the Bureau liaison representative in Ottawa,
Canada, forlarded photostatic copies of an address book and diary found
in Halperims possession at the time of his apprehension. iiae address
book and diary contained several hundred names of individuals living in
the United States and other parts of the world. Among the entries appeared
the following:
Ixlaue Fuchs, Asst. to I. Born, 84.George Lane, Univ. of Edinburgh,
Scotland, Camp N  Camp L.!
_ Internment OperationsKristel Heinemsn, 55 Carvel Rd., Iafgggomwgihibu 1 !
A prelinin&#39;ary review was made of the names and addresses contained
in the address book and diary. However, as of that time the Bureau! tiles
contained no information whatsoever identifiable with Klaus Fuchs.. _I>avid. Gordon Innan  Rim   MA!
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On June 1.1., 1946, photostatic copies//of the two documents were _
sent to offices 
9! covering territories in yhich the addresses were
British Intelligence Services by the RCMP, no attempt to investigate
individuals Listed therein as having eddressbsg in Greet Britain use made.located. Horever, the do&#39;cuments,= having been made available to the Q
i the offices receiving copies of this letter of June ll, 1946,
were given the following instmctions: "--  immediately identity all or
the contacts or lialperin listed in the enclosures. Reports should be sub-
mitted setting out the identification of thesecontacts, together with any
intonation contained in your iield office tiles concerning them. In the
event there is no information contained in your field office files, a
preliminary investigation should be conducted of these contacts at the
conclusion of which, if it appears necessary or des ble, a moreintensive investigation of them should be conductedwu!
is a result ed these instructions, the Boston Office instituted
investigation of Kristel Fuchs I-leineman, sister of mi Julius Klaus Fuchs,
and developed intonation concerning her background. The individual investi-
gation on Kristel Fuchs I-leineman was closed by report dated December 26, l91.6,
but mrther investigation was conducted under the name of her husband, Robert
Block Heineman, who had been determined to have been e member of the Communist
Party. Investigation or Robert Block Heineman was closed in October 191,7, on
the basis of information that he had left the United States and was in Mexico
City, 1}. F., as a student. 
Investigation of Kristel Fuchs Heineman and her husband, Robert B.
Heinemen, was reinstituted on September 22, 1.949, upon receipt of information
indicating the possibility that Emil Fuchs was a Soviet agent. This investiga-
tion is presently in e pending status.
Kristel Heineman has advised that about 191.3  actually in 191.0!,
Fuchs was sent from Great Britain to Canada for internment as a German alien.
There he was contacted by Israel Helperin who befriended him and furnished
him with cigarettes. According to Kristel lieineman, Wendell Furry, a member
of the same Communist Party in Cambridge, Massachusetts, as that to which
her husband, Robert B. Heineman, belonged, advised her husband that Halperin
had informed him of Fuchs! internment. Thereafter she heard from her brother
 mil Fuchs! from time to time during the course of his internment, the "
message in each instance forwarded from lialperin to Fhrry and by Furrygiven to Robert Heinane.n. ;_! _ .
Both Konstantin Lnrenanos, paramour or Kristel I-leineman, and the
latte:-&#39;s husband, Robert Heinemsn, have substantiated her statements as to

nil Fuchs internment in Canada, t have been unable to indicate the -period during which he was held u_! _
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Iendell Hinkle F1_u__g~z&#39; , brother-in-law of Israel Hslperin,
was born on February 18, 1907, at Prairietoyn, Indiana. He received an
A. B. Degree from DePauv| University in 1928, a Slastei-of Arts Degree from the
University of Illinois in 1930," and a Ph. D. Degree from the same institution
in 1932. Since 1934, he has been -a member of the Physics Department of
Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, presently occupying the position
of Associate Professor. Effective January 1, 1950, he received an appoint-
ment as exchange Professor of Physics at the Royal Institute of Physics,
Copenhagen, Denmark. Records of the Radiation Laboratory, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, reflect that Furry was employed by the Radiation
laboratory from October 1, 191,3, to August 1, 19/+5, having been approved
for access to classified materials as of July 2, 1943. During the period of
his employment, he was dedicated to theoretical research in radar and had
access to top secret research information. I-I bl
According to a highly confidential source _ Wendell
Hiukle Furry has been listed as a member of the Henry Thoreau Pro essional
Branch of the Communist Party as recently as 191.7. A highly confidential
source has also furnished information indicating that his wife, Elizabeth
Swdey Furry, registered as a member of the Cambridge Branch of the Communist
Party for the calendar year of 191.5, indicating at that time her former
membership. Wendell Hinkle Furry is also reported to have been affiliated
with a number of organizations coming within the purview of Executive Order
9835, including such groups as the Joint Anti-Fascist Refugee Committee, the
Civil Rights Congress, and the Samuel Adams School for Social Studies. He
has been exceedingly active as a member of the Boston-Cambridge Branch of
the American Association of Scientific Workers, and played a prominent pert
in raising funds for defense of individuals charged in Canada with conspiracy
to violate the Official Secrets Act, as the outgrowth of Igor Gouzenko&#39;s
defection in September of 1945. He is known to have been in c tact with
his brother-in-law Israel I-Ialperin on frequent occasions. U}
as the result of Bureau memorandum of June ll, 1946, directing the /&#39; The Bureau investigation of Wendell Hinkle . instituted
identification of individuals .&#39;L&#39;L cl address hook of Israel. Hslperin,is currently in a pending status.  L
ii No information has been received in eating Furry&#39;s employment on classified
atomic research since the Atomic berg Commission assumed responsibility
on December 31, 1946. Consequently, no information concerning his prior
cnploynent with the Radiation Laboratory at MIT has been made available
to than.
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Kristel Dacha Heinanan, Sister of Dnil Julius Klaus Fuchs7 77 ,_ / _
Elma Anna Dorothe Ida Christel Bachs Heineman, canmonly known as
Kristel Fuchs Heineman, the sister of mil Julius Klaus luchs, was born on
my 22, 1913  possibly 19114! at Russelsheim, Germany. According to Ihmigration A
and naturalization service records, she resided in uennany from January, 1933, [
to September, 19333 in Switzerland, frun September, 1933 to July, 1931;, where _
she is believed "tdhave attended the University of Zurich; in Germany from 7
July, 1931; to July, 1936, and in nagland from July, 1936 to September, 1936.
she first entered the United States as a student in Septunber, 1936, at New
Iork City, thereafter attending Swarthmore College at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Y
until her withdrawal during her fourth year course in 1937-38. on ay 20,
1938, she re-entered the United States at Miami, Florida, Iran Havana, Cuba,
as a permanent resident, and on November 2, 1938, married Robert Bloch Heineman
at Boston, Massachusetts. They now have three children, Stephen Fox, age 10; &#39;
Marsha Elisabeth, age 8; and Kristel, age 6, all of whom were born in Cambridge,
Massachusetts. Although she claims to have filed a petitim for naturalization &#39;
as a United States citizen at Boston, Massachusetts, in December of l9hl, the
tiles of the Immigration and Naturalization Service at Boston have failed to
reflect that her claim has any basis.
Robert B. He:Lnema.n, whom Kristel Fuchs Heinemen married on November
&#39; 2, 1938, was bom at Wausau, Wisconsin, on March 25, 1917. According to a
hiymly confidential source of lmown reliability, he was registered as a member -the Cambridge Branch of cmmunist Political Association in 19141;.  mgh a confidential so  Confidential Informant rm-Bus us-100! it was H-1!M, 0 ascertained that on J 23, 19147, he visited the Communist Party
Headquarters in Boston where he rejoined the Communist Party under the name of
Robert Hill t that time he indicated the he had been a member of the Partyuntil l  was also reported by the  h Intelligence servicglthat myJune 8, 19 obert B. Heineman arrived land en route to Leningrad, wRussia, returning to Rigland in August of that same year via Italy and Fran§e.|
Robert B. Heinsman admitted current active membership in the Communist Partyand the fact that Communist Party meetings have recently been held at his bong
Lt the present time, Robert B. Heineman operates a launderette under 1
the name of the Huron Self Service Store, 11.16 Huron Avenue, csmbridge, Massa-
chusetts, and is also enrolled in the Harvard University School of Education
where he is studying for a degree as a Master of Arts. His current address is
given as 914 Lake View Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Kristel Heineman appears
to have been estranged from her husband for some time and is presently confined
as a patient in the Westboro State Hospital  a mental institution!, Westboro,
Massachusetts.  In this connection it is noted that confidential records of the
Iestboro State Hospital reflect that when interviewed, Kristel Heineman stated
that her husband was a_ semal pervert and that Konstantin Lafazanos, a former
fellow sjpudent of her husband at Harvard University, was actually the father of
her three children, a fact which Lafazanos is reported to have acknowledged!.

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operations, it is noted that her name and address as well as that of her brother,
inil Julius Klaus Fuchs, was contained in the address book of Israel Halperin,
at the time of the latter&#39;s apprehension by the Royal Canadian Mounted Police, 
in February&#39; of 1946. _It is also knoun from --_-_- .-» =92 n obtained from an extremeconfidential source amt Kristel mm He -=$.g. 5 opntected in October of 191.1. !by the person in the United States who m an =.> - e as mu JuiiufllausFuchs superior in Soviet spionage operations. , this connection it is notedthat when interviewed bygie British Into I; =92- - srvioe, Bail Julius Klaus
ihchs maintained that Kris el Fuchs Beinelpsn Ill not implicated in his espionage
operations. He stated, however, that his sister, who was evidently an active _
undercover Comnnist in Germsmr, may have witnessed his meetings with his contact
in Boston and may hav ced that this meeting was a continuation of his under- Iground work in Gemanw  92 j
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JURISDICTION - _;- &#39;
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a. Jurisdiction between the Manhattan Engineer District and the FBI
 Dr. Emil Fuchs was employed by the British during the entire tenure
of his association with atomic energy work in the United States. During at
least the majority of this time, his salary was paid, according to e British,by the British Department of Scientific and Industrial Reseuch L9&#39;!
Ihile in the United States, Dr. Fuchs, of course, was associated
with the Manhattan Engieer District, and therefore, was under the juris-
diction of the War Department. The Delimitations Agreement in effect at
that time  Agreement eigneasepme.-ye, 1942! Provided that the War Department
would be responsible for investigation of all civilian employees of the War
Department, as well as civilians on military reservations or under military
control. &#39;
Iith reference to jurisdiction for investigation of persons
connected with the Atomic Bomb Project  MED!, on March 6, 1943, after we
furnished information to Major General George V. Strong, Assistant Chief
of Staff, G2, War Department, that Steve Nelson, Communist Party functionary
and known Soviet agent, use in close contact with Dr. Julius Robert Oppenheimer,
G2 requested that we discontinue investigation of Oppenheimer but requested that
we continue coverage of Oppenheimer&#39;s associates. After funishing additional
data to G2 on April 5, 1943, General Strong conferred with Mr. Tamm and an
agreement was reached that the Bureau would not take any action in this matter
unless military intelligence specifically requested it. At this time, the
War Department stated they took complete responsibility for protective
activities in connection with the MD Project. Specifically, the Bureau was
not to initiate any investigative activities except on request of the War
Department. This agreement, which was continued in effect during the entire
life of the MD, fixed complete responsibility for clearance procedures and
investigations on the War Department.
b. Jurisdiction er the FBI under the Atomic Energi Act
The Atomic Eergy Act was signed by the President on August l, 1946.
The Atomic Energy Comission did not officially take over the program from
the Manhattan Engineer District until January l,_l947. Since that latter
date, the Bureau has exercised jurisdiction under the provisions of the
Atomic Enrgy Act, which provides:  I

! Investigations with reference to character, associations, and
loyalty of all applicants for positions with, and employees of, the Atomic
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Energy Commission; all applicants for positions with and employees of contractors
and licensees of the Commission who will hate access to restricted data; and
of all other persons who will have access to restricted data.
! Investigations of all violations of the Atomic am-Q Act.
&#39;1&#39;he statute provides that notwithstanding the provisions set forth
above, "during such period of time after the enactment of this Act as may
be necessary to make the investigation, report, ... a! any individual who
was permitted access to restricted data by the MED may be permitted access
to restricted data and  b! the Commission may employ any individual who was
employed by the MED."  Section 10 ! B! iii!!.
_ e No request was received from the Atomic Energ Commission for
investigation of Fuchs when he received access to restricted data in 1947,
although from the above-cited provisions it would appear that while they
could continue the clearance already issued by MED, it would be necessary
that they immediately request an FBI investigation. lie intagg can be
recalled where the Atomic Energy Commission requested the Bureau, under the
provisions of the Atomic Energy Act, to investigate a British or Canadian
scientist or other employee w 0 would have access to restricted data_of theAtomic Energy Commission. u!  &#39;
On Feb 5 1950 the following question was propounded to the officials of the 
gs her Ommission "Is it the li h Uni Q 2 i lo cy__q£ 3-, e ted
States A c_R;93g&#39;__0oq;uission to reqlest FBl"investiggt_igm_on British s

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1nvest.1g§t&#39;1gn_ e " 3931? Ir. Franzfl-lmiuk, Acting Director or Securit
o from Carroll flilson, General Ian er or the Atomic Eherg Comission,the t  Ester; i!ii&#39;Eh"is quoted: E13; jpenjhe p0].i.%:f the Uni&#39;t-pi; ts  i 7 i " i ZA __9o;mni,ssion to accept British and Canadian vest ticigg[  _&!B_m.epy8me1L3ust as they*aceep_t ours." &#39; :l_/
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r. leil mcha ti;-at arrivei in the waited. Btetee en December 5, 191:5,
at Ievport lees, Virginia, at vhich tine he indicated he Iae an employee ei the
Britiah Ooveranent in the Depebr
eut of Scientific and Industrial Research. lo
wee then enplcyel in lev York City Where he cemluctei research on atomic energ
letter:-e an a neuher of the British Iiaeion, collaborating with the llenhettan
hsgineea-ing Dietrict. A review ct the Bureau; imiicee reects no 
afcrntion
iniclting that the lhnhatten Engineering District mmttec Dr. mu acne
for a check against our recerh. According to the recon-ca or the M§ic lnerg
ccenietion, Dr. Inch: vac permitted to be enpleyed.-on the Atomic Iaerg Project
in the United States inasmuch en General 61-one had. been assured. by the British
Supply council in North America that all British aliens in the United States
engaged is: the work of interest to the Manhattan Engineering Diet:-ict hed been
cleared. by Britieh Security prior to their departure for the United. States from
the United. Kingdom. lvicence of this clearance, e.ccc:;iing&#39;to atomic Energyi
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Ocneiaeion records, in contained in a letter to General Groves, datedfbecenher
ll, 1.9143, from U. L. ilebeter, of thehritiah Supply council in Icrth America.
Uehete:-&#39;e letter attached e. letter n-ca U. A. Alters, of the British Ministry
of Supply Miecion, dated. December 10, 191:5, which ctetei the e oialclearance had. been carried. out in the case or Dr. Khrl
l [See it 7
Iollowiug hr. Fuchs elploynent in Rev York, Fuchs, in August 19%, van
assigned to atomic energ work in Lee Alemos, New Mexico, one vith the exception
of short trips within the United Staten, to Canada on official atomic energy
hueineee, and to llexioo city for a vacation, Fuchs renaineri at Ina Alenoe untilhe left in June 197+5 for the United.   &#39;
. - I
Dr. Fuchs 1-eenterec the United Bta n at Kev York city on Iovenber 11,
193?. This visit was lace in colpany with Ir. H. U. B. kinner to visit the
Chicago Operation: Office ct the atomic berg coanieeion for a oiieoneeion or
the subject or neutron apectrelccpy. According to the recoc-in of the Atomic
Energy Ooemiaeion, it is nctec that by letter dateioctoher 22, 191:7, L. G.
Relic, British Commonwealth Scienti
c Office, Washington, D. 8,, wrote Darrell
1.. Uilaon, General Manager, Atomic Energy Goueiasicn, for formal clearance ofum v1 ! A [Bee nnnm 3, Z
By otter dated Iovenher 7, 193137, Carroll L. Wilson advised. L. G. Rolfe /L

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Atonic lnergy Ooninien records reflect that Dr. Iaohs, on lloveelher 28,
l9h7, visitei the mioego Operation! Office or the Atomic leery Oonission.
Dr. hobs, sceou-ding to e Yisitoi-&#39;s lore executed at that tins, imiioeted that
he was e representative of the British commonwealth Scientific 01!/ice. Dr.
Inch: also attended e Declusifioetion Gonterenee between the Unitev! States,
on-ea-. imam, end. densdo, nus November 16-17, 19117, st the Atomic Inergy
Oolnission itesdqusrters Builiing, Yeshingtcn, D. 8. A review of the Bureau&#39;s
indices tails to reflect thet the Atomic mergy Commission suhslitteai Dr.
Pooh! none to the Bureau in 19117 for e eheek of the Bureau&#39;s records.
4&#39;" The records oi the Atomic lnergy commission reect e ism:-shims uteri
August 6, 19117, which requested s. security check on hr. roohs end. tie other
scientists in connection vith s.n invitation to be extended. to those individuals
for the Joint conference on deolessitiootion to be helci in Washington, D. G.
this memorandum reects the following information which is pertinent to the
clearance by the llenhetten Engineering District of Dr. Fuchs entrance into
the United. States in 191*}, I-n6. of the clearance by the Atomic Energy Commis-
sion regarding Dr. 1Iuohs&#39; entrance into the United States in 19117: &#39;~
A cheek of the Washington Records indicates;
"Dr. R. I. Peierls l= Dr. K. Fuchs - Vere both lenbers
of the original British Mission that cone over
in 191;}. Both are German born but became British
citizens. The members of this Mission were never
investigated by the U. S. governlsnt, their special
investigation ea conducted. by the British goverzment
was eooeptecl by General waves as ID olesrenoe. &#39;
the above record. clearly indicates that no investigation or In. mobs
was made "by the United 8 Government at the time of "his entrance intothe United States in 1%3 , , /§ee Exhibit 5 7
H59; The 9"1&#39;°n- L. Wilson letter of November 7, 1.947, cleared Dzf. Fuchs
for the visit to the Chicago Operations Office at the University
of Chicago, but did not cover the clearance for Dr. Fuchs visit
to the Declassifioation Conference.
i" ABC records reflect also that an agenda for the Declassiiication Conferencewhich hzohe attended oontsinedthe following statements» "No classified n
information not already knovm to all parties concerned I1 be discussed.h - 17 _ &#39;1}? SEC 5?

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HTOWLEDCB OF ATOEEC RESEARCH DEVEIDPHEMS
 It of course is not possible to describe Fuchs complete knowledge
ct atomic energy setters. Bowever, certain statements rning matters Imam Vto Fuchs have been made by the Atomic Margy Oomsnon3 w: Thisinformation was  by the Atomic msrg Commission r a secret
classification!
At the_outset it should be note1
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confessed that he hes betrayed the full
in e series oi reports ihich have been helpml in anticipating problems of s
plant design:I
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1. casmde of cascades tlov sheets.
2. Exact ca.lcule.tion of equilibrium tine.
3. Loss of separation due to surges.
5-  Of4. Control of main cascade  e.g., frequency of use of  ta! ;
automatic control valves! .
purge cascades .s is reported to mw  U!
- or from Les Alamos.
According to information from the Atomic Energy Commission, Dr.
Fuchs I38 one of the group of British scientists who developed dii
zsional
separation processes. In this regard, the British group undertook analysis
of the tollcling theoretical problems, the results of Ihich were summarized 1;1&#39;
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According to the Atomic Energ Commission, a document entitled  &#39;
Ikeports Prepared it Ips Alsmos By Members of the British Mission" reflects
that Dr. Fuchs is said to have prepared the reports listed below. The report
number, classification and date are also set forth, The above mentioned
document pointed out that this list of reports was not necessarily complete, :_we merely intencled to show ! the extent of mum participation in the QM
atomic bomb project,  b! the nature of the work done by the British, and f c! the general knowledge which these individuals may yet have about Ieapo . D
Report Ho &#39; Date . title of Rcgrt
shock Attenuation in
Bods
giciency for Vex?
Slow Assembly
Effect of Evaporation of
Free-surtace VelocitiesO
IAIB-402
IA-596
IA-441Classification
I _ Secret
secret
Secret7/26/45
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Jet Formation by the &#39;
Collision of ho Surfaces
Penetration by Jets Pro-
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theory or Initiatqrs II,
elon Seed
Raretection lave from a
Plan Free Surface in an
Explosive
Jet Fomation in Gylin
drical Implosion with l6
Detonation Points
Formation oi Jets in
Plane Slabs; Qjgssific §ti_g_n_
I_-I-325
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IA-300
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Lb-195Becret
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3.2-274.4
According to the Atomic Energy Commission, Dr. Paul llcllaniele, o
physicist assigned to the Atomic Rory Oomission Building, Iashington, D. 0.,
was aeked whether any of the above-listed reports dealt with detonation or
assembly oi the weapon  atomic bomb!. Dr. llobaniels replied in the affimative,
saying that "Dr. Fuchs participated considerably in the design and development
of the atomic weapon." lloaniels also stated that Fuchs had knowledge oi the
method of detonatio . According to Kolianiels, none of these reports applied to- foamthe Hanford Plant
Dr. llolianiele advised that a report prepared by Dr. Fhohs entitled
"Fluctuations and Efficiency of s. Diffusion Plant, Part III, he Effect of
Fluctuations in the Flor of I " was": skilled technical theoretical discussion2 .
which covered a refinement of plant operations. He said that this documjnt,
along with others, each as barrier production, operating oharacteristice,
-19.-a.92,.4/u W 5{;E;Tseal development and e , would be helpful in detemining over-all plant ,L-:;lu-sum; tedmi¢eo Q
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:1-. Ralph c. Sum, Issistant Director :0: Classi
cation and
Security, Lbs Alamo: Scientific laboratory, has advised that Fuchs worked
in the Theoretical Plweios Division of the laboratory at L08 Llanos. He
stated that while at Ins Alsmos Fuchs had almost umlinitediaccess to highly  According to Smith&#39;,_&#39;?uch&#39;s had written egg:-eat 
number of reports at Ins Alamos and had, along with other members of the
British Mission, contributed heavily to the technical series. Fuchs was
not_og];__£amiJ,ia,r withAa.1l_phasesoi the atomichomb project whilelhe was
at Les ilamoe, but he also was 35-mi.1;1-elf   p3Tined&#39;16zi§ range research
sum ma 1-mist Fhchs contributed heavily to an pnase*s-orncr-"" pro .a
c weapon developnent, including implosion and super  the future long
range program oi research!. He said that Fuchs and two other scientists
headed the team which did the hydro-d;y&#39;namics work which made the plutonium
implosion method possible. This team did considerable work on the
efficiency of the design of the Eniwstok model of the atomic bomb. According
to Smith, the members of the British Mission probably had complete infom-
ation concerning all phases of atomic energy research in this country, upthrough the latter part of l9d6, with the possible ception of the details I _of the design oi the Oak Ridge and Hanford p]mW | _
Smith further stated he believed that Fuchs s on the JointBritish, canadian, United States Declassification Gomnittes. x! u&#39;,
Records of the Atomic Energ Commission reflect that as of
January 12, 1949, there was made a compilation of the Canadian Staff,
scientific and technical, and United Kingdom Staff, scientific and technical,
who participated in the atomic energy program under the former Isnhattan
Engineering District from 1943 to 1946. This compilation included,
insofar as is possible, a statement as to the installations visited anddegree of access atforded to this group. If Issteted that records
available in the security files of the A c Emery Commission give a
general picture as to the fields of activity in which the British Mission
participated, but tint the available records do not provide detailed in-
tomation as to their particular specialties, nor do the records clearly
indicate what familiarization the British group may have had with other
programs in which they did not actually participate, but undoubtedly
became acquainted with by reading technical reports available to them. me
following statement appears in the records or the Atomic mergy Commission
concerning the British gmup at Ips Alamo Ru!  I
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glnasnuch as it was the policy of the laboratory to males all information
available to this group at Les Llamas; and as the British personnel had
general access to the Document Roma, various local-sites,_ami the organised
meetings of the local proJect, it is believed that the group had substantially
complete knowledge of the gun assembly and implosion assembly of fissile
mterial, the actual design of the aerial bombs osplcying these principles,
the possible future developments, including the LB13per&#39;_ orjhermo l§pgle§_r
Reactions the auxiliary equipment st the fa&#39;HB
s local sites including
he Water Boiler. 
he British Group probably did not obtain detailed
information concerning the final chemical work at Los Alamos, however,
the general aspects -were lmown to them because they would be discussed
knowledge about sites other than the Los llamas project by.ZBritish
personnel at Les Alamos cannot readily be determined since work directly
relating to Les Alamos activities such as basic physicsas well as
pile design which members of the Mision would use in their daily work
is undoubtedly lmoun to them. Such items aspanford chemistry would
have reached the group by inference only since the laboratory as such
did not have detailed access to such information. During their stay
at Los Alamos, they also had access to the general physics and chemistry
principles involved in.the ope:-at ion of the Chicago and Hienford piles,_
the physical construction of these piles, but only e. minimum of the 
engineering details. They had, however, complete access to all general
theoretical work on pile design. It is assumed that they had rather
complete knowledge of the mass spectrometer application used in the
Oalutron and gaseous diffusion process for separating uranium isotopes."in oolloquiums or staff met i.nge- The exact extent of the technical
See Exhibit
according to the Atomic Energy Oommiesion, the "Super" refers to
the hydrogen bomb, and, therefore, Fuchs had knowledge of that development! as indicated in the statements above . J
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- A enOctcher7,17,cr27,Il.9i5. theplacceadhoui-etthie:&#39;eetin3,uveL1u
j 1 recognition amen for 1 pcnrcri, were auac upon 1»; um Soviet unmr; m-
telligence uertera in lbeccv em! Vera included in the inst:-ucticm eeblei- =-~~»m@llI
s Dz&#39;.A11mImnla;1ettcenahin§hQ2,mrcntctothem1ted
 Kingdom, where he established. reli e at King: 001.1030; mm. The British
Intelligcnce Service ulvieed. that co fer ea it &#39;38 possible to eloertein, no &#39;
contact with any identiei soviet agent Ill lulu by lb; utter his return tc.
. mum. In Iehruu-y 19%, m-. E nu an-eltei by the British euthoritigg in
London uni ehuged Ii violating the 0 cinl Secret , te I t 6. his
guilt and furnilheci e. written statement, but has consistently m 1
any or his contact: or indicate the com-cc from which he _c&#39;btai.ne¢ the uranium
_ specimens. Inbcmion on IQ-y 1., 1911-6, Dr. May entered I plea of guilty to vio-lation or  in-an mt and vu sentenced to i.I;n1lo1Ilont for l tern
~ of ten era,7° UL
Iutcnetien concerning nr. 10,7: inplicaticn in the Boviet eepimage
1 network in cumin vu set tcrth in the Report oi the R0151 Ocmil ion, datedJune 27, 1936, which has received. vice public :iiaae:li.netion.  $9
REGOUEHDATION
The above in ta:-niehea for your intonation.
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 Dr. I. B. heels  Dir. of Issesreh, Chslk liver!
Dr. I. E. Peierle  British!%_m-. 1:. mu  Bruin!
Ir. Keller snlslnsd thst they went to unite the sbeve individlsls
for s ecnrsrense on deelsssiestienl Dr. Levis to one hen hm
Csude end Dr. Peterls end Dr". Pnshs to ens ever  rm lfltsin. The
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-0  C1; &#39; SUGGESTIONS FOR J1u&#39;PROVEL.!ENT OF ATOMIC ENERGY COMB-ESSION SECURITY
1 .Director of Security
- One of the principal problems involving security of the Atomic Energy
Gommission is that of selecting and retaining a strong qualified career Director
of their Security Division. At present, Frank I-Iammack, who is actually head oi
their Personnel "Security Clearance Section, is the Acting Director of Security,
and there has been no Director appointed since the resignation of Admiral John
Gingrich on April 22, 191.19. Since the Atomic Energy Commission took over the
Manhattan Eagineer District in January 19117, there have actually been five
Directors or Acting Directors of Security; namely, T. O. Jones, Bernard bienke,
W. L. Usnna, Admiral John Gingrich and Frank Hammack. with such rapid changing
of heads oi security, it cannot be expected that an efficient Security Division
can be maintained.
Centralized Controliof Security _
The Atomic Enez-gr Commission is operating all its work under a
highly decentralized rocedure and this includes the Security Division.
The Business oi the Commission is actuau ions
 I-Ianford, Washington; Oak Ridge, Tennessee; Los Alamos, New Mexico; New York
City; Chicago, Illinois!, although theoretically policy is made at Commission
Headquarters. This sasne system applies to security, and the local Security
Offices are under the final authority of the Manager of Operations at the five
centers of operations, although security policy ostensibly is formulated in
Washington. For practical purposes, this means a wide divergence in securitypractices.  -i
In April 12b8, the AEC decentralized secur.i.ty_clearanc_e, and authority
was placed in the various installations to rule on cI¬Trance of any individuals
to be employed or to have access to restricted data in these installations.
The files of the Commission were placed on_ a decentralized pasis and reports
furnished by the Bureau on investigations are__fo¢rwarded to the local offices
and copies not retained in the Washington Headquarters. In so far as clearance
is concerned, Washington Headquarters in most. instances has only an index card
on the person involved. _
Regardless of the method of conducting the Commission&#39;s business,
that is, its buying, its processing, et cetera, it certainl would make for
stron_g§,r_-_ and better security ifiseourit includin 
le clearance and ll
ber natters reIT&#39;in§;"t6 we&#39;re cent%alizeE E ghe
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!!..lE- /1 ..-1.» _- 92z -,.i__i J i H"_!Accolltability of Eatertials and_Documents / %  J &#39;24.,. » Mb» ,u-&#39;11-r"1 Mrs ,9g FBI investigations of numerous cases involving missing I
mate &#39; s d documents, it has been indicated that there is a lack of an
efficient egiggtive method of accountability and infvento which 1gp_],g__@_E;1;l t ar&#39;H"
-aE"m  Bi*s92§:&#39;lTda.ta For gstance numerous f  . »gssing documents ve- een reported to the Bureau usually after considerable
dela on he par of the Atomic Ener ommission and it_hMth*g"-Fl Frm  hdlin. 1e ocument has ee s 1 e or lost through oose an g For examp e,
during June 19!-19 at least four documents were reported missing at the Brookhaven
National Laboratory, Upton, New York. Investigation developed that the
documents had been carelessly handled by a failure to make proper entries on
accountability records; misfiling; or other breakdown in the accountability
system. In une oi l9h8 it was ascertained confidentially that there were
Tiglassified documents missin and unaccounted for at the &#39; a onalféboratory which hafbeen char §d1>;;1&#39;§_:to _ormer_emLqyees. These lo eshad been tenninated at the inkatiqnisimxce as far back as the middie or 191:7.
One official at the Laboratoxfstated that documents&#39; ecurity, both under the
Manhattan Engineer District an_d_;ohe&#39;_gtom_ic Emer Commission had been extremelI53. in EH5 &#39;5 an er on l d for acc it restricted data coma o5Hin&#39; an
0   &#39; t stating that_ he nee e_ 1 in coxlnectioni
 p s c ears
E cume
t in the Eborator mthou
 E  "Strictly coH"1EIent1"HT1
&#39;orniation furnished SAC iinox-v
:1&#39;e&#39; byGeorge Batman, AEC Security or
e-Eséizi-667! it
On J81 1&#39;1 2 1 , AEC, 1&1» advised that 31.739 ams ofE  d been overed missin on February IE, EU. Ifter
ex nsive investigation by the Bureau, e Atomic Energy Commission advised
by letter July 15, 19149, that the missing material had been satisfactorily
accounted for by finding most of it in waste material. The investigation
reflected a. lack of definite information as to the movement of this material
at the Laboratory, and there was a lack of detailed inventor or analysis V
to_establish the handling of this speci ic ma eri .
Another instance was revealed by Fulton Lewis, Jr. , a radio
commentator, who disclosed, _LI§;L_2Q_,__],2L2, that a S
42.0 installation Richland, Washington, was able _to,re_n_1ove, 3,-g,a;|ng=..a_+;..m-mm from theTmt,m§mut
not a~vare._0f:_5hs.11_§§§.,11i3i=il.._9_11@l_W_e£s..adIi-sesi_.hI.tJ1e_
ssnrit:@,aQi£.i¢er,,
F tah§gtyMgg§_ _in_e__iiicient_,,_p Qhip __i-11Q.dent was _<>9_qff3<ientia£klI.aae¬i4:aa.d thr. <>11s1?_._._29£-§.e..a..1&?=..e °..f.1.?.i.~=.2=. &#39; 
While the Bureau is not in a position to make specific recdmendations
concerning the immense and cuplex system of handling accountability of
documents and material, it is obvious frm the above that the system does need
overhauling. The Bureau did on January S, 1950, transmit to the Commission
suggestions regarding identifying,inventory and accoutability for uranium
at the Hanford, AEC, installation, Richland, Washington. These suggestions
were made after an investigation involving missing 8-inch uranium slug and
one gram of plutonium.  Copies of the suggestions attached!i
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92
ifficulqr of Prosecution Where Testimog- o 1 Revea.&#39;i._Rest
.oted_Da-taLLL _,?_ i
In the investigation of violations of the Atomic Energ Act where
teetimory would be required which would consist of restricted data, the Atomic
Energy Commission has consistently refused to offer such testimony. They have
pointed out that such testimony would harm the atomic energy program to a
greater extent than the failure to convict individuals. By memorandum of
September 2, 1943, &#39;l&#39;»his matter was called to the Attorney General&#39;s attention.
Particular emphasis was placed on the investigation of the George Wallace Comer
and Anthem P. Harrison cases involving attempted sale of photographs of an
exact replica of the atomic bomb to the Baltimore News Post in October, 1946.
On April 7, l94&#39;7, _Mr. Lilienthal directed a letter to the Attorney General to
the effect that the Commission could not supply evidence as to the restricted
. nature of the photographs. Based upon this, the Department advised that
 prosecution, therefore, would be impossible;
1
Similsrt difficulties were encountered in the case of Alex Nazarenus
who obtained employment on a highly secret project in Texas which involved
the building of bomb storage facilities. Nazarenus claimed to have been born
, in Kansas when, in fact, he was a native of Russia and had been refused U. S.
citizenship in 1945. The nature of the project on which he was employed was
so highly secret that even though the Attorney General stated on April 5, l9/J7
that in his opinion Nazarenus should be prosecuted, the Atomic Energy Commission
felt that such prosecution would be highly undesirable from the Commission&#39;sstandpoint.  &#39;
In the memorandum of September 2, 1948 to the Attorney General, it
was suggested that he give consideration to remedial action such as securing
passage of e. statute permitting introduction of evidence in court of secret
and restricted data under seal with an explanation by an expert as to the
general nature or the presenting of such classified material at a closed
hearing which would be composed of the judge, jmy, prosecution and defense.
Revealing of Restricted Data Pertaining to Atomic Energ
hot Covered? the Atomic Energ ActI
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of the progr as those oases-which would_come with.1.n the purview of the,:_:g smt&w could- provide that intentional
and willful revealing of secret or t wcde1e punizshiblelgs a
mi&#39;s&#39;H¬mee.nor *61"with&#39;*a&#39;" lesserl.penalty&#39;than that provided in the present statute _
requiriing" thrgreater intent.
 Nee<_i&#39; for Security Consciousness é
The finest mechanical protective devices and the most thorough
investigation will not insure security unless there is a real consciousness
of the problem arri a resolve to err on the side oi caution.
Illustrative of this point has been the teniency of some to characterize
the activities oi intelligence and security agencies as "witch hunts." There
has been e deliberate but concerted effort on the part of an articulate minority
to ridicule security. It must be remembered that increasingly the successful
spy and subverter will be the one on whom Communist Party affiliation or subversive
acts are difficult of proof. The ideological intellectual too frequently becomes
enemored with a false I
arxist idealism and before he is conscious is entwined in
* a. hat of Marxism-Lenixrrism and eventually the tool of the Comrmmist Parw or foreign
intelligence. -
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