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an I_ ' _--t---n--w- -
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we Ochoa! has i
ha-n miiltv ail nnrnmunistiie ac-i-"Q" b-U '.' "'-'fI'""'_*' :1tity B anrer otestion-lrone
that has hounded Highlander ever
since that December day 25 years
ago when it was barred from
using local school buildings. - ~
During the depression, High-
lander engaged in vigorous union ;
organizing campaigns and
brought down upon itself the
wrath of business leaders-
I-!ighlander's labor efforts soon
became the object oi a congres-
sional investigation. And on Nov.
30, 1942, U.S. Rep. Martin Dies.
chairman oi the-House Commit-
tee on Un-American Activities,
listed Highlander as "decidedly
ccmmunistic." .ILOIQIQI
THREE YEARS AGO a former
i"nr'nr92-iiiriist testified at 3 hearing- -Hindi-JII
m"_e1f_-- __ .t-not 'raimtr1__.§ '1
_rriii~ie.ver eras-aigli£d§i"@-17-:
"truly yours, Eleanor Roosevelt."-
It. was dated February 1911.
. I U U
HORTON SAYS Mrs. Roosevelt
still contriiutes to the school. We
92 got a letter from her just the oth-
er day." he said. _ -
John Dewey, who was head of
the philosophy department at Co-'.
lumbia University in New York,
was chairman of Highlander-'sto come Iowa-to lee lhwntiool
Committee of Sponsors until his;
death four years ago, according
to Horton.
Horton sai hat Dewey and
.Dr. Reinhol fiebuhr of Union
*;Yorlr both advised him in the
b°° 't& °°*i - 3é*§°' h 5' 7' d o b th educators. Dr. Nieof the senate lpteijr_iai_._SoCiiri12v'1-can-ding of Hwhlander He stud.
'7 '3. '11 ;
I ' 1¬i05I --c°0l1¬!'3ii$92.',3l-ith U19
=@mmiioi==.-t. Patti-II . . - Q
sen". .i'a'Ines Eastiahd tD~Miss.92.
itbminrmtiee chairman, had
M»-les Horton ousted from the
same hearing alter the Highland-
er director refi ed to answer
'.-.I;=-ii.-'i* .io_:j.§_c: ,_t;_:;;_lii'o__§1slii was
-aIt'iliated_ X511 the school. Dom-
browski, who as been a member
of_ n ii me r n ii s organizationsll. tiiet Bigiiiaiiidér -an mans
ti§.;c-J.-I c=t.::i.._'l' ire." was with? L s J1
Highlander at one tirnJe._,L Ti -' Sui.-ueedin§"§itic1'es' on High-
tancier wili go into more detaii
on this hearing, [.921"E92lOLlS investi-
gations and 'the schools part in
the ti.-rbulent labor movement.
Highlander has not been with-
oiu its staunch defenders. some
of them nationally promineiit.
L.-Ii.-L-0
ON THE WALL in the office of
I-lighlaridefs main building is a
tutu-_r on Wliiie House stationary
to Domhrowsiri. who was'on High-
iariders staff from 193d until 19-12.
The letter begins, "My Dear Mr.
Dorribrriwski: .
"i' am sending you the same
....i.-.-aiit as -_i biiil. 30¢ idSt YBHT
as my contribution toward a
scliolarship in the Highlander Folk
Schooi.
I have had the school checked
by people in whom I have abso-
lute confidence and am convinced
that the newspaper -attack andIthe groups which have been Opposed to you are not opposed to
_yoo because oi any Communist
tar-tivities, but because they arel
opposed to labor organizationI9 U11 81' O '
buhr stiii supports the Highlander.
Horton said that while High-
- lander has become accustomed to
being criticized, WE'VE - EYE!
had anything as low-level as Gov.
Griffin's smear happen to us be-
. fore." .
' But we've weathered storms
.1 before." Horton said. Griffin
ought to read the record. We've
~ gone through much more effec-
E tive smear tactics than lhii-"lriieoiogiesi efiii_n%il"y__ in_ New-r -
|
l
l
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1
tactics" for Griffin and other seg-
HE.SAID THE Highlander re-
i M the Sl!'!£2.92.!'.'_ _ -
= * Highlander is al1P1>orted'_by con
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Hgngn gmq it 15 diii-,¬IGu 9; W _. -. "-__., - ~ - : .~:u.'.*<;~.~ - i .,_. - ,. ..- . . . ; 1. ~.i'- H - _;-"or, regationists to identify BVBFY "1" - '-t3s,-. --it i . ~ - t-;-=3. . - . '. . ' _ '-- - "IQ; -.4. "__ - -N. -tr' tegration movement 111 the South - - __ ._ --.- ;_-,_ -__.i as Communistic." ' _. y - I ' £8 1:--5 S
PM bl the G°°§ , C°"" $5° " j i -.__..7"*i"- "3 on Education was 'calcuated to, " _ _ H so},-_ --We i*°P1*= MY ."°" ht $i °°-1 ".I2.»-#- - - Ibut its_not scaring D¬0g:i- {e --=s~ I. ,.;i.§=E5-if-;~li}'=:"¥ i id _ £4] atten _ B ._ I 1 ._;_ _. -tit sit rt
ob'mh_W'h -!n|y_.; _}.er - - 92add it Q -"" 1; goo Staff Photo--Charles roani """""""'!. . 1'
ro i The short-run eelit or the M3 LES HORTOL, DIRECTOR OF I-lIGHLANDER~
gia report has been to increase _i I-l'e'S5§Ts'Sohool I-[as N0 Connect-ion With Cmunismcontribution.-| to Highlander by _
three times," according to Horton
'-l don't know about the
range affect." he said. Some
;people are hesitating now to be; -identified with'the school because
tributions from individuals, or-
:
- i
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t -.
_ PI!I m1 I -D ' month ~51
l s
01_tietlt.1au.de".FoIk School, __. ____~'
Red Acti'vijty ,Charge
, .
"' By JACK -arson -1 ISBCOMI Of o series of seue rticIes.! .
MQNT-EAGLE, Tenth, Dec. 15'-_l92'Iyles rto . ' -
lander Ftili School. claims a "per sonal grudge" prompted a former iCOllllnL1llSl to he about alleged cumrgunistic activity at th 1,]= '. 1». ' -=.. _. »»--- 1-.'lh..= is one of many explana.
_rnany reports linking the inter.lUons that Horton offers for the]
ire-ztal school to communism since
:.hilgl'll3Ilt]&1"S establishment 25
"HTS 380- Horton atly denies
. ...- -...-o; has ever had any.
thing to do with communism.
The sworn testimony that the
school was linked to the Com.
lzrr-unist conspiracy em-no from;E'_eul§Q"rouch,_ former Tennesseevfsamre Thr the Communist
P-Ml, at a .1953 hearing ol the
Senate internal Security subt-_-om.
mitt-so m New Grieans. La Al.
though it is not the only 1955.
r .==~.;. .' .'~. Z2 _,lf..-mdcr~Communi5t
unit, it certainly is some of the
most pointed. D2 r-:_._,=-;.;,_D
Hlllttuli '-tots ousted from lhfg
same hearing because he refused
tr arisn-or a question He tried to
read a prepared statement in-
stead. tut Sen. James Eastlnnd
til-htisst. suhcominittee chair-
man, ordered him remov tram
the hearing room. 1"
hen. Eastiand told The Atlanta
Cr.n,s1;'tu!lon that the Department
of Justice found that Crouch's
tastisnony "fitted in with the de-
partment's investigations. The
department's inveshgation has
T.-:i:er.! up his testimony." East-
iz-nd declared.
Crouch has died since the hear-
ing. - ____5__ - - |___
. . .1 1 - f"''|92TC!.:.au_ lJ92J_A_n 92,;921,|,9292_3
nsdnnoa, Georgia
12-16-57n director of High
5' *1 "_=.*- T
lint Crouchs'_
munist activities was so "weak
and full of holes" that the De-
partment of Justice. dropped sev-
eral cases it had based on ll-IS
testimony
Thomas K. Hal]. criminal sec-
tion chief of the intemal security
division, Department dustlce.
told The Atlanta Constltutwn:
"No criminal cases have been
rupped by this division for that
reason." _n the contrary. Crouclfs testi-
mony was t_:onsidered_ lmprll
in Conununist conspiracy case
convictions under the Srnitb Act
in St. Louis, Honolulu Seattle and
Philadelphia, according to Hall.
The Philadelphia case was re-
versed by the Supreme in
light of the Yates decision in a
conspiracy case in California. AP-
peals in the other three cases are
pending.
In the Yates decision, rendered
June 17, 1957, the court held that
the Smith Act was aimed at the
advocacy and teaching of con-
crete actions for the forcible over-
throw of the government and not
of principles divorced from ac-
tion. In failing to point out this
difference. the, trial judge's chargeto Ibo" an was detective. :n=Iin;a, amnssoan»notul='ai¢n-'1 '9"" "1"" - __1§¢==. F@#.$¢.1»91- i--.--'.'..;..-.=.i,.*";
. _ 4,_~_ 0 _. _ -l ll!lI I'll I would Id.-
ld. ill he hid Ies
about Highlander beca'u§e of some-
thing that happened back about
"A Daily Worker reporter lu-
terviewed me when Crouch rst,
came to Tennessee to try to or-
,ganize TVA Tennessee Valley
,Authorityl workers. The reporter
' asked me about Crouch. what I
thought about him. '
HOB'lONS EXPLANATION
"I told him that I didn't want[to be put in the position of ad-l
- vising the Communist Party aboutwhat to do. but 1 said, You ought
to have an organizer who is at
least half on intelligent as the peo-
ple he's ring to organize." I
FHorton claims that this remark
instilled in Crouch a hatred that
caused him to smear Highlander
at_the hetirini. - _
_ - . '
At In! rate/Crouch testifiedlthat Hishnmder was a school l
. . . ostensible as an Independent
labor school, but actually working
in close cooperation with the Com- ,
munist Party." -
Crouch testified that Jame; .A.
ombrowski was an instructor at
liiEil5'1ider from about 1937 until
some time in the '40s. Dombrow- .
ski, a graduate of Atlantas
Emory University, is executive di-
rector of the Southern Conference
Educational Fund, which was the.
central subject of the subcommit-
tee hearing. rain 6-4 gut;-92_
rants or MEETING C '
i92_-shed i_f Domhrowsld accepted,
Communist Party disciplin e,f
Crouch testified: J
"Yes, sir: to the extent that all
instructions that were given him
by the subcommittee by the dis- .
trict bureau of Tenessee of the,
Communist Partyl were carrieditV
r "' '
"ts-melutmatnsusau
met at Highlander ' Horton,
Dombrowskl and the
Nashville organizer the Com-
munist Tfarty and later Crjouclfs
successor as Tennessee organizer.
Also present for part cl the meet-
ing, Crouch testified. was Franz
Daniel, trade union organizer andla Socialist. " » t
Crouch testified that he stated
at the meeting that the Commu-
nist Party was anxious to get
the maximum results from the
Highlander Folk School without
tendtmgering Mr. Horton or any-
- one. . . .'f _
DANGER T0 FUNDS
The results" to which I re-
ferred," Crouch explained, were
if it were to become public knowl-
edge that the Highlander Folk
[School was cooperating too close-
ly with the Communist Party and
carrying on too much open Com-
-munist propaganda that it would
endanger its funds and its support
and the Communist Party recog-:
nized that this would be harmful.
to the school and the party. .
Crouch said the purpose of the.
meeting was to work out a plan
by which the Daily Worker would
be purchased by the school.
He testiiied the- 7" - --~-
nhwspaper would be made ac-;
cessible to the students. that?
everywhere possible the instruc-1tors should refer to the Dailylworker, to news that hid ¢°mBi
in it, to encourage the students.
to read it, and it was agreed that 'the Comrnumst Party mould have ln student, a leader. sent there!
as e student whose 105,51 "W15;
be to look around fof Pt'0_SP¢0V6trecruits and uilorsglthte. newin Washington, D.C., as selected
"is attend the Highlander Folk
School for the purpose of IBCl'l.11i.'.l
-out by Dr. Domb.rowski'_J'egard- for the Communist Party and
,. -.1."
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§ . . -i
Koo-ras aortrors '5,
You said it was agreed?
Crouch was asked. Who
agreed?" -
Crouch replied: "Mr. Horton
and Mr. Dombrowski."
Crouch testified that at the
same meeting he asked Horton]
about joining the Coirummist
Party. He quoted Horton, "as
near as I can recall his words,
as replying: I'm doing you just as much
good now as I would if I were a
member of the Communist Party.
I. ani often asked if l am a Corn-
munist Party member and I al-
ways say no. I feel much safer
in having no fear that evidence
.rnight be uncovered to link me
iwith the Communist Party, and
itherefore I prefer not to become
a member of the Comm ' tPartv." IL NaiD0iJGLASvTI.%_I£'/'1?-EZST 5-9'i Asked if Doiist. a Georgian
now ii.92li"lg near Douglasville, had
anything to do with Highlander,
i:It»liC testified" _¢,/J"Hehii'rJevitiiisiy hail. Rev. Don
West and Myles Horton were the
L.l'lQiI'l3.i founders of the High-
lander Folk School but the Rev.
f;..ri West had earlier left . . . to
become, first, Socialist state sec-
rr-iary for Georgia; then, my as-
sistant in North Carolina in the
"iri1T'mlll'liSiZ Party as district
trade union director of the Co -
niunist Party; then, as Kentuc
state organizer for the Co u-
nisl Party; and now I underst d
is 2 writer for Mr. Aubre _ il-
iiariii paper. "'-T-"'_"'
liiitliams. who publishes the
F1. - iii-srn Farm and Home maga-
iiiie in Montgomery, Ala_., is a
l|i¢i]li.!E1' of Highlander: execu-
, . - -.._.i..ii. He has been affiliat-
ed with many organizations la-
beled "subversive" by the House
iiiommittec Uh-Al.1m1'il:l_ll.i.i'.'itieJ.l i
9292- . -'-~'~§;~'_-__; -.;w'|i- ;__'-5.?
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ilpmr woaxnr ;- -:1. 4_i'-"Q-ii.-'i¢'u...e...'."i..;.|L1-=..--1-4.!-i""'i;"'_-V-1.3;. 4,; ~ .- ~:.~-,~=-,. --:,~,-. ~,--,,-.--~-.,~»- :»,- 5-A,
LI '8
'51
.
Crouch tntied n! I r C9,.
agreed at the meeting that the
Daily Worker would be car-,tied where all the students would"
be able to see it, and I was
later informed by
that this was done and that there
was considerable reading of ieif
Daily Worker." . . it
When Horton took the stand at i'
the hearing, Sen. Eastland asked
him if Mildred White bad attend-
ed Highlander. '
.'If she did it was many years
ago and I have no list of students Ibut if she attended she did not at-if
tend as a Communist party mem-ber, Horton replied. -
We accept no students from
the Communist party and never is
have," Horton testified. i,He balked when asked if Donn-W?
,- - 7' i
browski was affiliated wihi
Couldn't I give my reasons '1
why I don't want to answer?".Horton inquired. - l
EASTLAND OBJECTS , .,.
Eastiand replied that he an not?
want reasons," only an answeni
and when Horton persisted and '.tried to read a statement,
land declared, We are not goingito have any self-serving declare-kt.ions. -
On Eastland's orders. a federal
Marshal removed Horton fromthe hearing room. i
Horton says the reason he re--
fused to answer questions con-
cerning Dombrowski was that,
"I'm not going to be an in-i
former. i
In the 5%-page prepared state-
ment that Horton never got to_
read to the subcommittee. he
blasted the committees of Sen.
McCarthy and Rep. Velde, ac-
cusing t.hei'n of using undemo-NLRB. K
alsotiJ 77'°i?9 Y". * 7 * i.__,|
e school: early am. ~-. ,,-__. _;__ - 1. ;,,-
**""'-<"-""7"
scaool. lNTEGBi92'i'ItII
!nte'8l'_ation dthcschools, said Horton in his state-i
nient, would "spectacularly re- 1fresh E18 Demosratic thesiseveryw ere." An he added. "18}-Iptigise that bi; thé eyes of someo e mem s this commit-,
tee, opposition to segregation issubversive. " l 1
Amt r witness at the hearing,Q!,1_%gé. identied as a for-mer rfunc onazy of the Comrifu-'
nist Party in Alabama. testified
he attended a meeting of Com-
munist Party leaders in July of
{W 3 Jthe Blianrtingharri hotelroom ames ombrowsld pkliiutler testified that Dornbrow-.
s was introd to him as 3
lommunist ty member. But-
ler swo e e introduction was"
by Q29 ,1g5%u¢_§i;§e,inwho in No-92-'¬11'1 1. _ ." dicted on 5';_"'[1'8e of consoiringl to le sa_se non - Commu gr affidavit
with the National Labor Relations i'
Board. As a labor union ofcial,
nawrence was required to file a
""11 - Cmmunist affidavit with
II! the Highlander faculty during
N.C. MEETINGOn Aug. 13, 1938, John P'."f_%,niesident of Metal TradeS"D'ép -r r- -.=..,- ,= ---' l92~-'¢"'_ .'. - -. . - . - -i_,;,r92-,_;_._ z- _-H ¢._i__._-.-_i.. -,_.:, V; ;_;,. ,_-. .__ _ -. ._ ._ __,._ _--_..1-
TENN
_/I
inent of the AFL, testified before 1/,
the Dies Committee on Us-Amen
iczin. Activities, and named
Alton Lawrence and Myles Hor-
ton as persons who "attended a,
secret convention in North Caro-'
lina. at which time plans were"
made for spreading the revolu-_
ticnary theories throughout the
South." - - ~i
"In connection with this," Frey
testified, "I might mention that
the Highlander Folk School at
Monteagle. Tenn, was mixed up
in this secret convention, in which _
these CIO organizers took I very
_ .'.. Hr.- _;_. A;_- ..- ..
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l i '92 C O
Elihu llefellllt":
r statement uh! jhe cqrn-
mission was created by theGeorgia Lbtislaticn in 1953 for.
ielll-IIP06e0luncoveri1$ .. .h master plan. Soviet insphtedj
behind the racial incidents sciQndespread today."
The statement quoted the com-
us saying, "During
labor Day weekend, 1957, there
assernbled at Highlander the"
leaders of every major race in-
cident in the South , . ."
Attendance Increased
The shaternent Said, The sem-
lmr attacked by Gov. Griffin
was one of a series of work-
esch one to sh
weeks in duration, held by High-lander since 1953 to develop
plans and leaders tor an order-
13' peacehil transition from seg-
1-egated to integrated schools."Billed from Pun Dlqosil
and jot]-ie'rs, tlt2!5C%.llT ' ig sttac on
ial ' hl d
spi 5 Ed" .
_ The statement said, "That this
kind of irresponsible demogogu-
cry is obviously designed to iri-
trnsify the ditculties confront-
ing decent Southerners who
might otherwise give leadership
in the adjustment necessary for
ie desegregation which is in-
evitable.
Horton said, although a
dcrnogogue like Gov. Griffin may
not comprehend the practice of
brotherhood as a matter of
principle, even he should be able
to understand the tremendous
damage segregation is doing to
our prestige abroad and the
manner in which the Commu-
nists are forging smti-American
propaganda Weapons out or the
South's undemocratic practices.
, Horton said that attendance at
Fligtdasuler worl-rshors has in-
creased as a result cl Griffin's
..'l.I.%E"'~ s pl
ALL |i;F0?ci~.lATl0ll CONTAINED E
i liER.Flit is UNCLASSIFIED , 92
iiéii We ' .EY§F> iii 94
/ff EE? Z JAN 8 V1959Folk School e
movrizasuz Tenn , Dec. r4
--A statement purportedly
si;l.'IIedbvMrs E16-L'92Q!B-l!_l5li'92!!!!
ks.
the oontrovers 1 a n e rFolk School as s Coimmd-w "'
an institution has?
been made public by School Di-i
rector Myles Horton.
The statement, tinted last Fri-
day, bore the typewritten signs-
tures of Mrs. Eleanor Roosevelt;
Lloyd K, Garrison, former dean
or the University of Wisconsin
Law School; Msgr. Jtlm O'-
Grmy, national C.*'.'nlet"¬r:ce at
Catholic Charities, and Dr. Reinh- lnold Neibuhr, Protestant men-'6"
llogian. ,
Commission Asaallod
'lhe statement attacked a' pub»
lication by the Georgia Commis-
sion or Education which alleged
the school during last Labor Day
weekend was host to the lead-
ers of every major race incident
in the South . . . "
Gov. Marvin Griffin of Geor-
gia was chsrg¬. win: ine-
sponsible demagoguery" tn, s
statement by Dr. Niebuhr at Un-
ion '.'l"heol0gica1 Seminary. 1.
' Griffin's Commission on Edu-
cation was severely criticized
tor adopting the "dangeroustechnique" of charging those}who attended a silginar on "The
South 'll'nnlnng' ad" at the
Highlander Folk School were
Communist inspired and led.
Formed In D58 _
e governor defended the
comrnissiods attack on the
school and its criticism on the
Interracial meeting, saying "the
pictures of activities and the
documentation of those who pu-
cipated in the folk school speak
for themselves." '
The statement said, " . . . We
deem it morally indefensible tor
any man or group to inflict upon
r such institutions as Highlande
and upon such individuals as_t_he
respected leaders, iioth white
d Negro, who attended the
bor Day seminar, the damage
reputation and mition w ch.
u- ay result from Wide dis
' n ct this slanderous mate "
1 four-pagg publi stion now gtdistributed the imprint.The statement referred a l L
l
l4
Eduun. r.n':.t--atti
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nor RECORDED
199 JAN 9 195a
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iii
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Highlander Friends Rap
Critics of Racial Plans e
O 3TQ UP1 - Director Myles Horton of theHi hlander Fall: §gli.;i_o_L has made public a statement strongly*cr1%1c1z1ng attacks on the institution as__a Communist-inspired
and led" school. The statement, dated last Friday, bore the type-
written signatures of Mrs. Eleanor Roosevelt, Lloyd-G. Gs.rrison,_
ence of'C.'atholic Charities, and
Dr. Reinhold Neibuhr, Protes-
tant theologian. _ _
The statement attacked a
;_;:..l:C3UOI1 by the Georgia Com-
mission of Education in which
it was alleged the school during
last Labor Day weekend was
host to "the leaders of every
major race incident in the
South, . . ."
Georgia Gav. Marvin Griffin
is chairman of the 23-member
rm-nrnission. which was formed
by the 1953_LegisIature to seek
means of preserving segrega-tion. '
"'l'ne seminar attacked by
Gov. Griffin was one of a series
of workshops, each from one to
six weeks in duration. held by
Highlander since 1953 t0 de-
velop plans and leaders for an
orderly, peaceful transition from
segregated to integrated
schools." the three~page state-ment said. 3 ' i '
STRIPE PLOT SEEN
T. V. Williams .Ir., executive
nciiretary of the Georgia com-
mission, said last October 1.
state undercover agent had in-
filtrated the Labor Day rneet--
ing. Williams charged that the
meeting was set up to discuss
methods and tactics of precipi-
tating racial strife and tension."
The commission was told that
2: number of persons accused by
Georgia Atty. Gen. Eugene Cook 1~
oi having Communist sym-
' .-...; U.If1iiB.i.iO!'iS'hBd at-
tended the seminar. It charged
that the seminar constituted a.
Communist training school-" I former dean of the University of Wisconsin Law School; Msgr.
ir
i
.f
I
I
2
.i
l._.1- Q;-_"---¢ _ _i
practices." i
_-_----"Williams said. in _his report
ALL INFORMATICN C0l92iTAlNEDI;-_'.-___."-; ".1 .--.-:._.'.*.-'.-J¢-:4¢- ---u-cube-ll-J-v* ¥ I 1i
1-lortonf was -quole '1? _iIl='Itatement I-8 aaylnz. H13?!-lander takes cpgg igd 18811111135gun 1-esponsi ili y or the dis-.
cussion leaders. Highlander did
not and does not welcome en-
rollment of anyone with B UP
talltarian philosophy whether
from the extreme right or ex-
treme left. In, these troubled
times, nothing but more trouble
can come from the Whita_Citi-
tens Councils and the Comrnu-J
nist Party's infiltration into
g r o u p s earnestly seeking a
dentocratic solution to our prob-"
lem. Both are morally bankrupt
and have nothing .to offer. ... -"
The statement said, {We deem;
it morally indefe-nsible ior any~men or group to inflict upon.such institutions as Highlander
and upon any such individuals;
both white and Negro, who at-
tended the Labor Day seml.nar,~
the damage to reputation and
position which may result from
the wide distribution of this
slanderous materal. . . . = .
' U.S. PRESTIGE .
"Although a. demagogue likej
Governor Griffin may not com-
prehend the practice at brother-
hood as a. matter of principle,-
even he should be able to under-
stand- the trernendous damage
segregation is doing to our pres-
tige abroad and _the manner in
which the Communistsare forg-
in; anti-American material out
at the South's undemooraticl
- Among those attend.lng.t1'|e"
Labor Day seminar were the
Rev. Martin Luther Kingfleader"
of the Montgomery. .i92_1a., bus
boycott; Dr. Alonzo Moron,
president of Hampton Institute;
Charles Gomillion, dean of stu-
dents" at Tuskegee, Ala..i1nstl-
tute, and Prof. John Hope II ot=_
Fisk University. - _ ~ ' -
there were also at the seminar.
representative leaders of -they
Tuskegee boycott, the 'lalla.he.s-j
see, Fla., bus incident; the
South Carolina-NAACP school
teachers incident, the Koinonia.
interrracial farrn,dAmericus,
Ga., and the Clinton, "Penn.
school incident. among others.
Highlander was founded 2._'_5_
years ago with, the announcedgoal of "creating leadership fort
1
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rba e
I hers on Highlander: current listare: ._.¢- " '
" 1£§. _H_eIen'Bass, Benedict _Co1-I lege, CoTumTi:a, S'.C.; Mrs. §g1;a_h; J
P n K !-crl channuitli. Va.-:3 ° .._}.. I I_ L'I§_s.__Se__pI'n1'§§larI§ of H landerFolk School; Dean Chm-1;:lion of Tuskegee Ins"'EIYute. .;.
1 lr'é5EiiT'of UPWA-C . Chi 0I .111-: M_1'§-_.J2l1.l!-'§tI. . °
I Nashvi1le._t:1[;,N Dr. John __n i um-.lversli. Na5n1I§= ortngonThree Ailantiaérar listed on. 'l'u§&e eé 1ll55I92lI-¢- Ste-. -mam; mg. I100} §n::s~mem- ust .&'_=y,%{; N . - _ ~ eac am;_ e . -_ r exeeutxv-e counca ey rs. _R°s!~Em:ks' Hampt . _ _ "qr. Ava"1EF.; 0.__J.wh"_iIe§.3-e-Luz. I. - ~ H N5 . féigig E llege, Mon§%om:n'6a1j§-Ia-z .~ - . u en ma ers. _I %"" PrI§I§Fité§inI1!%1uic'I¥,'Biz Lick.I._ . 92'lenn.: . tephens, t
e
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Knoxville. .
G." R"NaamaFay' secretary -*§l?I1IIanm pmhg; "EEE§n-$3! I 'Far ' i.
Smel *
gr Highlander Folk * 1 SQ" enkins, Charleston, 'S.C.;' 'Dr.I Lew1"s"Dbnes. Rural Life __ '7ROI Race Integration Hub! J;
Q. =1 *
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III___'nttorney. Nashlie; 1 e
" ocia editrnburgh ass tos "I'e'i7essee Labor News, "Ytanooga. I _.._
I cg; IMrs. Am¢¢Twaum. pi 9.1'll.E "lFm"*§giigf" iécrelarx 11"nrgmam _Bai1roag1_breyIA
_______ $0"
m apd Home Montgomery_A1a.: Chm-I!!i-_W-ilson. Tennesseenprese nwmao
Union of Mine, Mill andnail
tel
Workers, Co ' '1:-.nn., and
Mrs. George _ olfe, Takoma
ALL INFORMATION CONTAINED I
HEREIN IS NCLASSIFIEDDATE OI;-}I BY§{<3};g5£5|@¢_, , IJI Mm BINDEXEB-9 16¢./_-..75'Ii=I/
' _.-"' ''"" » " x*
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N*'*"' RECORDED
THE ATLANTA JOURNAL AND CONSTITUTION "I-T . Atlanta, Georgia ' 15" JAN 6
12-15-ST 1 Editor: JOEL mm" <3 """"" """' """'-"At1an%§'_gj.=3a W-8f§% I 6 9//{'0 C ',!f1¢92C~.-F
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Mr. Tolson
q 92nl-rnardmlMr. Plmont
MI. hi-;]'l1'___Mr. l'92TraMI. Pars ;Mr. Hose , ' I Mr. Tamm_____
Mr. T1-otte;-____I Mr. Ciayton____% .
T219. R00m___
1 Mr. Hulion-m1L__
__ __ l Miss Gsndy___
i- ___'Peffriminq' Highlander School; F l
The notoriou
atop the Cumberland Mountains at
Monteagle, Te_n_1;,,_headed by a man who
HiiTi'record or activity ln a Communist
front organization, has added to its tin-
Eavory reputation in recent months by
I51 advocacy of forced integration upon
Qe &uth and ite use as a meeting
Eround for integrationlst figures who
Fave been leaders in the scattered racialEsturbancee "thathave occurred. '- '
Eats a result of the kind of activity it
gab promoted and the individuals it has
encouraged, Highlander has gotten itself
Earged by the Georgia Education Com-
Tission with having held on Labor Day
if this year s. "Com1_nunist trainingihool. " "
fun _.|-.|_ .--.... - _..-c 1ne acnviues or mgnlanoer roux
School have been widely publicized by
newspaper accounts of the nieeting and
by e. special publication of the Georgia
Education Association. _ *
apparently stung sharply by the e.t=
tention he has gotten, Myles Horton,
director of the school andlwho, inci-
dentally, once had to be forcefully ejected
from a hearing of the Senate Internal
I
ALL INF3RMATl,UN__CONTA!NED4 4.1HEREIN IS UNCLA5;>lF|ED yDATE< » BY ~ c§
rA
, __ if; --;,_/- ..;f
/ V- 'A , H . _» / -'HZ7r¬Z{co|-rag /Security Subcommittee because of his
micondnct, has released s statement
"strongly condemning" attacks on High-
lander Folk School as a '?Commun.ist
training school." _ _ ~ '-
The statement is issued over signa-
tures which will add no luster to the. .
school's reputation. They include tlioeeof Mrs. or Roosevelt, ologian I5 .Reinh wiebuhr, Ms . Jo Grad r0 the lila ional Co er nce o aolic
dean of the Um?-5 o: I
l
fit- I92../
Charities, and Lloyd arr|son,_formel"'
I p I WisconsinLaw School ~ ~ 92 _" 7 7
,- Mrs. Roosevelt. it will be remembered ;
gave money to the left-wing HighlanderSchool. ' '
Reinhold Niebuhr happens to be on
the list of Highlandefs original agon-
Ell ' l t .
It would appear Mm. Roosevelt and
Dr. Nlebuhr might be interested in pee
fuming the school to protect themselves
from the adverse inference upon than
*'"' ""92- nneetions with it.
But lnste of camouflaging the ie-
reputabie n ture of Highlander Folk
School, the signers of the statement
have simpl reflected upon themselves.it
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92 n. ... .__... .. . ,_ , _
~ TEATTAN00cA NEWS-FREE PRES .
- Published Each Afternoon Except Sunday -~._
ROY McDONALD"- EVEB.E'I'.lALLEN-
l President, Publisher and Editor . . p Treasurer ' ' .
National Representatives Shannon i Associates, Ina; 0|-esmerl Woodward, lac.
Telephone AM 6-I171. _ » ' ' '
t l pan. to I nan.-Circulation. AM 6-I171; Editorial. Aid i-iiili; omposing iioom, Alli i-iiii .-gr
CIRCULATION PRICES CARRIER DELIVERED OR BY MAIL! - - .
Week lllo. Isles. Illotf tear Puinenu in advance for curler-delivered penérsgait! Pres P:-ess....s J5 11.55 $4.55 Q 0.10 $10.20 {or periods longer than one month should be madetth Sunder Timu 6 .60 3.20 l.5D 13.00 IILM only to the otee. so that proper records may be teat.Ir" ~_;;. ., e e .. ~ ' we
---0-o MONQAY-,_.APflIL 2i,"19§a 1 Y ____;_,
. _»~. _,.-Hg
1-! L. e f
/ .
ll Hlr
i"i1..'_ lili U
i1cstnil5"W" ' W 1 4:» - _'_._- _ --- ~ ~ " ' ='_ p _____, _ _I .92l:'.
4-. ' " ' _"J7 7 7- -d . --~ 3' . Roosevelt Rd H hl cl" a 1g an 91'.
e ighlander Folk School at Mont-
eagle, 'Ien'nTlias earned its bad reputa-
tion over a long period of years as a
result o£- its leftwing programs, the
Communist-front taint of its leadership
/and the disgraceful conduct of school
leaders when called upon by congres-
I-sional conimittees to answer justified
ieuestions about its operations. _r, More recently, attention has been<centered on Highlander Folk School be-use of its emphasis on forcing racial' tegration and the accompanying de-
fterloration of harmony and disruption
of good will upon the South. It is s.
gathering place for leaders in agitation
of racial issues. When criticism arises,
the scho'ol has always been able to'
...mu.nt..npon statements ct defense froma clique of leftwing do-gooders whose
prominent positions in various elnh
have been tarnished by their misuse of
them in this and simiiii respects. _-
It. is not at all surprising, but is
noteworthy, that one of I-Iighlanders
integration workshops this year will be
addresse by none other than Hg, _
Eleanor Boos Mrp. Roosevelfs
name ong as been linked with the
school, she having been one of its early
contributors and sponsors. .
Hrs. Roosevelt's participation in the
Highlander Folk -School program will
not raise either its reputation or hers.
"But considering both the school's record
and Mrs. Roosevelt's record, their new
association will probably damage
- neither, since both -already have sunk
so low. i ,,___'__,-
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CHATTANOOGA NEWS-FREE PRESS
Published Bach Rite:-noon Exce Sunday
ROY McDONALD - EVEREIT ALLEN 4 LEE ANDERSONPresident and Publisher ' ' Treasurer " Editor
National Representatives Shaman It Associates, Inc.: er I Woodward, Inn.
I - Telephone AM 6-I171 T8 pm. to I a.m.Clrcn.lation. AM 8-0171; Editorial, AM I-64-l6:_ olnposlnl _I-mm, All I-RIO _
CIRCULATION PRICES CARRIER DELIVERED OB BY MAIL!
Week 1M0. Silos. emu. Year . Payments in a 'ncu tor carrier-delivered papersDull! Pres Press,...; .35 $1.55 5 110 H830 for Periods longer hen one month should be made
with undl! Tlllltlil .50 I30 . 13 no 26.00 only to the olee. n that proper records may be not.. -,. . r _...__.. ' TUEZSDAY, KPRI1. 22.19581?7*Tl» . '-Ir I
-'r ~~'-_,_-.e_e-1*-=- - __dmatggilr
M . elmon
Mr. Mohr.
Mr. N
Mr. Parse s..___
Mn Rese_%%
Mr. Tatum ..._.._.
Mr. TwLt,er___.
Mr. Clayton__.._
Tele. Roo:n__.._.
Mr. H011-:>msn__.
Miss Gsndye___
___,____,____-.-_-_-_
-9-
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4.
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-No Placeifor a UT Professor s e
Announcement that Mrs. » Eleanor gration" was set. The rst name on the, Roosevelt would participate in a. racial list of schedu participants is "PIntegration conference at the notorious fessor Francianis, University of Eené I 'LJ Highlander Folk School at Montea§1e, '1iessee sense» oY_Socls1"VVo."?PbR" _
'" lww .';_. J r
I ;z"??§_____,'_..HJ -- oni nse de
-Pmlmistifrnt taint of the school.
But Tenner§_s_¢f.ans- should be not onlyIsurprised but indignant to note that a
r professor or the University of Tennes-
see School of Social Work also ls par-
ticipating in the Highlander integration
1 propaganda, -e l
, A Calendar of Events" distributed
by Highlander Folk School shows that
on March 22-23 s 'p1annlng_ session for_
L "Workshop on_ Citizenship and Inte-
I _ _ __e..._._an'lE"' name appears again on the
Highlander program as a participant
in the integration conference scheduled"
for May 2-3-i. ' "
The people pf Tennessee, who have
great pride in the University of Ten-"
nessee and wloseltax money supports
the functions hf that institution should
be concerned to find its good nanie as.
soclated with s pro-integration confer-
ence anYwhereand especis.lly_.a.t-the
disreputable Hghlander Folk School.' I 1 Is , . ,1 r ¢ '_ . .1 av '
S I - . . A .
'_- . ._.._, -...__,I#'.._Q--~--"92I
ALL INFORMATIUP CONTAINED _
HEREIN IS uwcux SEFIED
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iHTQTanderS 5
l Proposal R vised
{New Measure Q Prouides
, Funds For investigation
F1-um The Common-cls! dwell ,liuhvllle Bureau - .
NASHVTLLE, Feb. 2.-Repre-92
sentative Harry Lee Senter 01
.'-Bristol 151'] Monday he expects
a revised uesolution calling tor
an hwesilgatinn of the High-llander Fslk Selim! st Meesesgielto be introduced in the 1..-.-g-:51;-l
ture Tllesdey. '
Such a resolulten was adopted
in both Senate and I-louse last
week bait was recalled by Sch-
ntor Barton Dement so the state
Attorney General could study itl
and suggest amendments. * H
Mr. Senter said the revised
resolution will provide that the
speaker of each house will"
chcbse members of the tnvutl-If
gative committee and that an?
appropriation of between $5,000]and s1o.ooo be granted won-llnance the inquiry. :
In other actlqm relative to
Highlander, the controverslall,
school's direet0r_ Myles Horton, ,
has mailed a letter to the reso-
lutions sponsors re-attirming-
his invitation to the lawmakers
to visit and investigate the in-1
ntitution. - .~=
The letter-e copy of which!
was sent. to Gov. Buford Elling-1
tnn-said Highlanders repute-~tion has been damaged by pub-l
licity given the resolution and
_ca1le~:1 X01 "A decisive and un-
equi92'o~::-al report; one that either
mullstantiates the charges mndeiiby the Attorney Genera] oi Ar-U'i==~~~==-= Hm Highlander is sub-ll' or one that M,lschbol and Tennessee." ' ' itq~as"n.~»=q=q.-I4 ~_ 7- 92~
53 FEB 18
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ALL mromuonou comomto
HEREIN IS UNCLASSIFIED
°ATEJJ1l§-_BYs:emLoleA' ' aw §s'to¥,1~/
THE COMIIEIRICAL APPE
MEMPHIS, TENNESSEE
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191 FEB 13 @959 stnacnso ............. ..mesxE:>........._
SER|ALIZ£D.............FILE.............
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ii, waneeedmaiors§ . . , . -f1_Defend Highianderp
Communism Charge _Co||edmUnfoir; l
House Approves Probe Resolution&h&zs%°1 1- M1-ido e o democracy an The charge
that it nourishes communism la
unjustified and untnir_ 15 educa-
t said in a letter to"Gov. Bu-
1' cl Ellington yesterday. -
Fourteen of the group are pro-
uor|one retired-at the Uni-
ersity of the South, Sewanee.
he 15th ie e member of the _ ._':T.. ., '
~!
i
!
Ii/pposltlon came from Rep. i'.i,__L-.
n.1% I./ - o
___ --_- -V» ~ 1'
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feeulty of St. Andrews oehool
for boys, an Episcopal high
Governor Ellington laid the let-
er had been received but with-
elci comment at this time. His
eacticu-roeme as a resolution ceil-
ng for an investlgltion of the
chool was adopted by the house
1' representatives yesterday by 1.3
vote of 1'4 to 4. It was sent to"
the senate where notion may eomei
todey. That would require I11!»
pension of the rules. - . ;
Only 2 Fight Probe " ..
The resolution to prqbethe;
school, located in Grundy county.-providee for $5,000 to pay two at-|torneye to conduct. the lnveeiigae:
tion. ~It nIso' provides that the
speakers, instead of the governor,shall appoint members of the miischool, near Montnglo. _ .
vestlgating committee. Only oo p
Ad {hold of Etoweh and Ego. Fen-'rise? _G1}_B_!Tley Jr._ol Nashv'i1le._ i
"We're wanting $5000 nid
Aderhold. Thin thing will
Bureau of Investigation invoi -
ate the school." '
Bailey sold the school has be nl
ii
v~¥°""3l 92 [?l_1
_, nor
66 MAR 2 iii-is} 76 veutigated three tirnes "end iti- I ALworthielo. Let the Tanner!/-
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Nashville, Tenn.
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s ems to me that an we:-Q do:
is spending $5,000 to prov; we
P 1-iotlc Amer-icans.'_'
99- Harry Lee Senter ct Brtol aiuthor of the resolution, Je-c e
Hl long Ire we going to lot
the left-wingers, the Commu-
nists. the do-gooders, and theone-worlders take over?" The
director of the school has of.
fered to open Itho doors of his
droimlhd to ug.
Ho has challenged us to pot
UP of snui up. I'm notwith-5"_"92['" "Hm anything. but wewill investigate his school in ourW/I'§ ood time and st our con-
.-enicnce. Our centre! pnrpee; in
o root out that which ls evil."
' I
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Voting against the resolution
were Aderhold Bailey, Rep Gene
Fobert aylcr of Nashville"We are found the spirltf otI
Highlander to be wholeheartedly
dedicated to the tree institutions
0! d¬m0C1-CY." the educators iet-I
ter to Ellington said, "and we be-
lleve that Myles Horton, founder
oi the school, and his director ot.education are devoted to Ainertani
Iiqais." . .Tic -iettei to Ellington ii sL ned by t ese teachers at gui-v aity of the South;
r. C. F. Allison, professo orii .-,____..____..__. . W
a professor oi French: Dr. Btr H.go! Buck, professor of modern -I. n
dil ctor of admissions: the R .W1 ford 0. Cross, professor or toi ; Dr. Robert A. Degen, as .ciate professor at economics; Mar-
vin E. G-oodstein. associate pl-ores-I
sor of econon-iics._ _ Dr, James M. Grimes, head of
the history department; Dr. WEI-:
"istry; D. Charles Harrison, retired;dean and head ot the English de-,partment: Eugene M. Kayden, re-tired professor of economics, tor-Irnerly head of that depaftmentliDr. Malcolm Owen, head or the de-partment of biology; David E. Un-Ilderdown, professor in departmentof history and the Rev. Vesper 0..Ward, professor in the lchobl Ofj, theology. '
The Rev. Donald .15. Chapman.
is e member of the St. Andre?-stsc oi tsculty who signed the ii t-ter ' _
To of Letter to Governor 'e letter to Ellington toilowi ver a period of years we r" i-N
dents qt Bewanee have on numer-~ous occasions visited the High-lander Folk school. Our visits haveI gen; Dr. Ben F Camera _,I
liam B. Guenther, assistant protes- i
sor of the department ot chem- ;
II
I92 J 7." 92'92, ' ; . '1--->._ . 1 ~ 4-92'._-g ,_ ' '-" 92_l¢fI;.Il ' __~- r ~__ ';' A ..., -; ._ ..92 1- . t I . ,__-, 92 < .__,---__,'.,.__~_1,.92f. .3, ., -I ta.» ,_,.._. _: 1 _ ., 1 _ _. - ' - - 92_ . '--'-.- 'vr-..'_'-'9292 ~. ~- ~J- . '. -.- ._- '. .- »',,_.: '. - - . _~ - _ . a n l - ' ---11'-1.: - 92 - 1 '--"i""-- L . -¢ f .' '. -r--~ ~ 4 *- . , - - 92 -.--1--. -<4 $1- J 1- 92, _~ - J H fr l
W
I
-win-u{Fma'?Ee official orot-ticiai body of the state of Ten-
n sues would countenance e' we and per'n.iCiOi.is notion at3 sons who do not accept re mlso egation osan ideal are th e-! e Communists. In the w id3+, gglg for the minds of naen lnImany nations around the world
communism is usiz rlcl I851!-igation in the United States s.s or,pewerru1 weapon against us. What]|. tragic irony it our own efforts,to combat communism should sup-_press Ireedom and democracy at}home while simultaneously.strengthening communism abroad! II That is where the real struggle is.8011!-[OIL _ _. p __,- .i_I "We realize that some who hsvei
hove said about it. This is cal!!-
included seminars as weii as ad-I
dresses and informal chats. As oresult we pelieve that we know the
-character of the school and thepeople who run it. We should like
to share our impressions and opin-ion; with you, in view ot the lrn-
pending legislative investigation I
of Highlander.
, vestigktion spiwsrs to i-is an sl-_ legstion by some that Highlanderengages in subversive activi-
. ties, specificslly that it propo-
gates the Communist idsoiogyIii-1 I ; D . - I . fella .r._.§.c?tt-agftu sin I The heart of tho proposed |n- lm statements from an 1-
I
i
I
Ind puts that ideology into prac- I
ticnl application in Tonnouoo
' viction that this chlrgo in 92|n-I
and other states. It ls our com '~Icially likely during this time oiluncertainty in world atiairs when
social pressure toward conformityis great. It odds to our belie! that- 1; our responsibility to share our.observations with others in ii!
tter. -"As the chief executive of n-
ssee you must surely we
le citizens. Since this is I. P 5-no rst hand acquaintance with _Highlander may question what we.
matter we teel tree to add}-ess;92
i you with an open iett-e1'_-1' __ _
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. _ . .-..,.-.__-,___,__ _ ___ __ .-.._-_ - -- _ _:
_t Rea" Charges Filed Uptm
I Old Highlander Inquiry l
z But Star Witness ls Dead Now And
C No Action TrailedSenate Probe
,1 By M.H.TON BRIITIZN, The Press-Scimitaruraasi
munist
The committee is envisaged
hv a legislative resolution callVang for a pro of reports thatthe inter raclan-l ghlanderl E
Sc o near Monteagle enn,
<Ubv!!l"$iVP {Th-e Home
fpuased the resolution yesterday
by ts 74-7 pate.!
in Iviarch or 1554 Croucn was
a star witness during three-day
Senate Internal Security Sub-
committee hearings on the
Southern Conference Edu-
cational Fund. Inc., in which
testimony about the Highlander. WAS!-lINGTON.l£ dead men could talk, a five-iinan investigating committee of the Tennessee Leis-lature would pro ably insist on looking up one PaulE Croutzh, a self-confessed, Moscow-trained _former Com
'5! ' ' _ .
.i - - .i nlk - H ,
i -
ilhrganizer at the school
Crouch said he had been a
arty member 17 years before
e became disillusioned in 1942
uit, and five years later told
ll the FBI
He said he had been a mem-
ber or the Central Committee
oi the -communist Party. a
member ol the negro trade
union and agricultural commis-
sions of the party and had
been Tennessee district organ-
izer for the party. with head-
quarters in Knoxville.
Folk School and its director Crouch. a White man. said heMyles Horton, gured promi-
nently. 1
Research director for the Sen-i
ate subcommittee. Ben Mandel.!
saw; Crouch died ot naturalad been trained in Moscow in
Oommunist techniques of espi-
-onage, sabotage, propaganda.
At the time at his testimony he
said he was employed by theT S Tenn-inn-Han aQ$lIn4 in"ceases a couple years ego Ark * *" §" "' " ""'
the 1954 hearings he told of aonolulu. @940 meeting M Highlander Crouch said those presentat
while he. Crouch. was still a
gpai-iy member. He said it w sagreed to pl I e. Commu at
Q w; r""'
L.l.Jthe 1940 meeting at Highlanderincluded besides Horton and
himself Dr. James A. Dombrow-'
ski of New Orleans. director of
the Southern Conference Educa-
tional Fund. and Ed McCrea,
as Tennessee organizer . . ."
pl
I
vs-
' nd
I-
as
"- ed
B
1959:;
_ _ _. stated the tCo1-mnunist l='arty _. *: -- ' 1' WES BI!!! OUS C l'llI.X I11 111E. 1;, "'i'::'£ b "results ;Mmdu.Southern Fund ' .' " i
The Southern Conference Edu-
cational Fund was identified as
off-shoot of the Southern Con-
lerence for Human Welfare.
which Crouch said got its origi-
nist Party and vvlmich was cited
during the '40s by the House Un-
American Activities Committee
as a "Communist front." Dom-
bmwski said at the hearings he
wasn't a Communist, never had
Communist discipline. He saidinc had taught at I-[lg
Asked about the 1940 meeting
at Highlander Cmuch told thecommittee: "In this occasion I
ul
l
Nashville organizer of the Com-
munist Party. a member of the.
bureau. and later my successor"
nal financing from the Comrnu-.
l
lobe-en and had never been underl
hlanderlabout 1536. . 8
i
l
flii-;'t' --o ~
I
F.
-.3.
ti-1%. Q
' '!he purpose of 'ii!é_é§1Iir-Pence was-to-8:93 out a plan byl iwhich the Daihr Worker would
be purchased by the school, be
made accessible to students
and everywhere possible in-.
.5t1'LIciDts should refer to the
Daily Worker, said Crouch.
And it was agreed that the
Communist Party should have
a leader, sent there as a etu-
dent, whose job it would be to]
look around for prospective re-
cruits, and Mildred White was
selected . . . - " '
Crouch said Horton and Dom-
browski agreed to this. He said
he also asked Horton to become 4
"a formal member or the Com-lmunlst Party." ' H
Horton: Sldi
Horton later told the subcqm-I
mittee he didn't know if "Mil-i
di-ed White" ever attended High-
llander or not. It she did." ht!
added, she was Cent by _l
union, cry the Comm-create
Party. We accept no students-
rrom the Communist Party andi
never have."
Horton later -issued a press
statement saying he wasn't and
never had been a Communist.
' Mandel said today he doesn't}
know the whereabouts now of
"Mildred White. 'Ihe subcom-iimittee after its hearings recom-
pt
vi.
sl
i.
th Folk School are unfair. Elliotmended the attorney general
present the Southern Conference
Educational Fund case to the -
Subversive Activities Control
Board for hearing. _
SACB said today the "Justice
Department never did this. The ft
attorney general: list at sub-ll
versive organizations doesn't in- C
.llEM HIS PRES S-RCEducational Fund. Nor does it té M-EM£H-[5, TEN-NE SSEREITF
ISS|.*EaF'{ 1- 5'-$11elude the Southern Conference.
include Highlander Folk School-.Sewoneo Prob. I J
Soy 'l.In~ta|r' .
:: '.'.'e.".e!-leteeglleg ,1
NASHVILLE. 'lenn.FourteeI'lF »Q 4
qrMn Totson
MR Belmon
Mr. De
M11 McGun-
M1'- Mohn.
Mr. Parson-s
M11 R0aen._
MR Tarnm.
I411, T Q __
M . _
TOIE R90- m.___
MI. Hgljonmn
Miss Gand,
.._____________
L-i
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Group Named full authority to subpena. wit- the program
t Commlttee members are in-
t Into qchoolistructed by the resolution to re-_ _ e _ 1 !-_ _ _ e _ _ 92
m; -Q21 their nngs to this iu?i-pnom 1;» Tfommerdli Armed Jsnon of the Legislature.92Nuh92'1..Je Bureau t Myles Horton directnr of1 92 ¥V_T-LE. Ifeb._ I2. - A1East Tennessee institution,i1egt;s1at1.e inve§tlgz-::itlI"§1 cg - d ied gthe school is a "nis:11 -1 .ee was appomte urs ay s ool or communism" and
shortly after the Governor c res he welcomes the invesigned a resolutiojealling rg tion. _ ,__,___... .
an inquiry in the '
t lefo
Mgn: E ____ 5/'},e_ !:-Q, ri Iembers of the comm: ee'7-2//4'
are Senators Lawrence Hughes""""""lot Arlington and Barton Dement
N:-I T?-.-lfre-_->oo1'c» Bepre§en-
tatives J . Alan Hanover of Mem-
phis, Harry Lee Senter of
fr».-:1 -.1::d Carter Patten 01'
Klhattunooga.
I I-Ir. Hanover said commj e=
F-I-1EE'~?1s will meet Monday
me resolution has been on l
t avers:-31_ It points to alleg es hversive activities at Hig-J*'' -'~ N"wl-"" *
ALL INFORMATION CONTAINED
HEREIN IS NOLASS!FlEDDATE <» BY
. " .4/-7:1-N/9", 1-. I NOT R}_'{;GT-inuua
111 MAR 9 #359
--I:-In-III"lander and gives the committdellndustxy" will be the theme at/
Q l
I
I
For Inquiry inesses a_ncl rec0rds.- ' _ 7 H '_; _...__ "
..A
0
F .
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.1-'
THE COMMRICAL APPEAL
PiE7HPHIS,_ TENNEssEE
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Bemeni To Head
Highlander Unii
.__-.-.-i-.92 .
Legislative Group To Hirer
I Attorney For Inquiry
FIRST SESSION IS HELD
Imrn The Commercial Appeal ' armrmue Bureau
NASHVILLE, Feb. 16.Sen-
.ator Barton Den-lent was named;
chairman Monday of a legisla-tive committee that wilgvertigate operations of th
lander Folk School at ont-"?iZl'e'-----"' .
The Murfreesboro attorney
*i1LI92-ln,C92A Lu pBI'fO!'1'l'l hi5 duties
fairly and fearlessly" and said
the ve-man committee will
keep itself "in the bounds of
the law and the resolution."
Opinion On Duration .
Senator Dement, at the rstl
rm-ezing of the committee, pro-I
lured an opinion of state Solici-
. " :L:.._92d: Aitison liumphreys
that the investigative group
must complete its inquiry dur-
._ i.. .; legislative ses-
sion.
This is necessary, Mr. Hum-
}_iJ s said, because the func-' "nr C. a committee created b_yI
Msniiitirzn cannot extend beyond:
. ,l..:-.ent of the Genera?
Joe!--w-92'I~1'y
r"=="ntative Harry .Leei
.'.sP!lI.C2' ot Bristol, a cornmitteeI
rglember and one of the spon-
""i - - 1'-=» resolution, expressed
riorw 1-one-em over the official!
-g..'_.i,.i .
The resolution, he com-
mented, cells for the commit-
tee to make an interim report
-to the Legislature with the
"-1- '@"~- in "ind that the inves-I
il',Ei1'1Ci! rr.=i}' need to be con-I
H-nvd after the General As-,scmi~.l:' BiilOlJll1S in March. N.:1c." L|I_-,r:-::~rlittee member,
J. Alan Han-
. ,, ~. = .n..|-er lI'lVE5f.ig8i.i01'll
a ii be necessary after adjourn-!'n'§nt_ the Legislature could e -2.-"1 -1 law to permit it. I
.1._' :...r;r£er has been label iisome legislators as edIlander, has vigorously denied
this and says he welcomes the
investigation. I
Patten Is Secretary
Representative Cartier Patten
of Chattanooga was appointed
secretary of the committee Th
u
!
V
ALL INFORMATION
;- of subversive sctivitigs I
as even been called s._ I-r - I-». 92.~* ""' *4-' M -- ------1 , ,,..5,,,. ..._finishing school for oommu.nism.Irence Hughes lot Arlington wmidel-in: m E T 1 . - tMyles Horton, director or High-! The °°m1'm_"9¢ Went illt eX- lawyer but have 1:;ecutwe session 51197 ? after him about lccenttnv the nmi.Mr. T'attens eiection. Members ti _ Um ""_" _' ""'_ on _ er provisions at:gl1ri:fte$ar:2wtl_1ey discussed resolution, the oommmze Qg ices t t- dtorney as special 60l1II:£1a£ the manna M my '
committee. ' Members mid lthgy [avg
_S°"a§.9'- D'?"f°"t P33 i-MY are yet decided whether to conduct. . 1 W e A ._ ~ iother member is Senator Law- _'h¬"*: hzvesgguug-5 it jntkr A7171 '_' ' e 2 ere 91' 5°h°°1- The I1 i I I th Y EVE ]an 79! - WHIIQSEQQ
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141 MAR 11 i959
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ALL INFORMATION CONTAINED92
I
By osnnv FULLER-TON " '
P Staff Correspondent _
i TRACY CITY, Tenn.'Ihe jointislative committee investigating1 bland W _{_5____ez._J:.uJ-k_-_v_._o.ooJ sho ed byi s qffitione at a public hearinghere £sterday it wants to revoke
the school: charter. "
_ Testimony during the day-long
o n "centered around the1 ___-,,_ + 4 op __ __|
i i
i§EH<5Bl EH5}???
ce.-.e.> er i'-. T "i l. ' - - ~* 1.4:,*' 10:31 '
1 f . .#= _-- '
.- school: ilbor organizing .|etivl-ties in the oaréy 930: and itsQ clause; on into ration problem:
during recent years.
However, one or théemost rig
nicant disclosures; came whenMrs. Violet Crutcheld, Grundy
county registrar of deeds, testi-
fied that the school: Charter has
not been registered in Grundy
county es required by law.
'Other Testimony '
Through the testimony 0! lame
16 witnesses, the committee also
attempted to show that: _
I The school is not a bone tideeducational institution. ~
Q It hes not tu1i'il_1e_d the purposes
tor which its charter was issued.
O Part of its tax tree property
was deeded two yearn ago to
er-s"_'i'd its director. i _ ._ .
Horton told 0. reporter in on in-
terview later the property wan
transferred to him in lieu o ck
wages which the school owe him.
He maid he has been payin 3
on~",-niqq Aug. '1', 1957. de ofthe transfer. He said the pr it,-
HERElN!tS UNCLASSIFIED
Nashville Tennessean
1 if/iii-i 5 ~ i. 1 W ._
t , <
.-~ '1
U xiHorton. one of the school: ilouns-:'1
r
r
Ili
A4,/-'75///4
NOT HE<>5_if°f°125;;yR 3 1909I
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all I
0
- ;
includes the house in which he
lives and s smell piece of lend sur-'
rou ngit. - lRev tion of the school's char-l
.ter wo mean the institution
would ha e to pay state and coun-
ty taxes on all its property. It;is now ts: exempt. __T,_!_ 9.!
School Defsrllied ___.»-' _Miss ustus, 1 writer ofchildféngs books and Sunday school
lessons. defended the school in sl-
most an hour end a half of testi-
-mony yesterday sfternoon. MissJustus, ,wh0 is secretary-trepsurerof the Highlander boar of direc-
l-tributed s greet deal to the com
lmunity in which it is located.
I The testimony of Miss Justus.
_l92Js1u'v92'Cd the long Parade 01 wit-
nesses from Grundy county who
told the committee the people oi
lthe county don't like the Ment-yeegle institution and feel it has
contributed nothing to the welfsro
t of the county. Before the hesring opened yes-itcrdey morning, members of the
- committee visited Highlander Folk
school. talked briefly with Horton
lend cesuslly thumbed throughhooks in the library.
§ "There's some hot stuff here,".".;..;: I-Lop. Harry Lee Sector ofi Bristol.
Aw. it's nothing you can't nd
slznost any library." said Sen.
oi-ton Dement of lliiurfreesboro.
lcornmittee chairmen. _
jTol|s of Etrlko1 First to be celled was EmmettThornss, 59, an employs of theGrundy county highwsy deport-nnent. He testified that I_-Igrt_onlhelped organize the strike of WPA
!9292' Jl'}-{ETE in the county in the early
l30s. He ssid it was a sit-down
istrike.
Asked if Horton hsd promised
anything to the workers, he seid,
."]-1; told us we'd get better con-
um one strike hsd resulted 11] .
he-it=r conditions. i
Our lilo complaint was that
the job superintendent was a
slave driver." he said. Ws did_r|'t
like him and we got ahscl of him
and oat i little role: lo ~.-.-sees
too. '-
--=92-M-es ---.-I Harry Dyer, sn- !.o1,,ner witness. also said they hsdi
a en colored and white children
s mlng together in the ponde1. 1 lilenrler. ' - r "Y - -.-
' ggirysi
H-lib-The ..,,..x'.t witness. C-er!
testified that psopls froml=- - - -- -_ _- Q»- l1DI5,,5a.l5 the nuuui nus 92;I-I11192
- - o
lander occasionally visited his
store which he rsn tor seven yesrs
near the school. He said he had
formed the habit of taking down
the numbers of license plates of}om going into the school but lost!
all or that information when his
store burned seversl yesrs ego.
Miss Justus testified that in its
early yesrs Highlander lhld. or-
ganized e canning co-operative to
enable families of the community
to have additions! food during the
depression. A sewing co-operative,
she said, helped women in the
community earn I. -little extra
money by making quilts, square
dance skirts and pin cushions. She
said the school slso ran s. nurseryit," she slid. "It's a square dance.
I can look st television my time
and see worse then that.
A-in Inn: Knnwlaslnn -1La-1.1 .- . ..
92 I_,_ ,_i___¥_ _ _______' _ ¥___ ___ wt," . _ j ._ ;e._?_s.-_.f_n____,.
dustrial lenders." HcCsrtt said.
'1-Isvs you issued my diplomas to
rural and industrial leaders that' you know of?" . -
l '
Don't you know its against the
law on whites end color-eds to
merry in Tennessee?" Mccarttasked. ' = . .
"Yes sir," she replied. ."But I
didn't know that s square danca
was part % a' marries: cere-
many."
McCs.rtt then reed the purposes
of the school as outlined in its
charter and asked Miss Justus if
she thought they were being lived
up to. She replied she did.
school,, boolrmoblle, a recreation,
program for teen-sgcrs end gsvs
free music lessons to children in
the community. - -- _ _-
; She was cross exsmined at great
'-length by Representatives Alan
,1-isnover of hiemphis sud Harry
Lee Banter of Bristol about a deed
she helped execute in 1957, l.l'l.l'll-
-ferring pert of the school propertyto Horton. ' I
Sonter asked Miss -Justus if
ms had not. in her. violated her rssponcihilit-' es s trustee of the-1 Institution hy giving away its1 property to an individual. She
replied that tl-|s'house and the
land ere still being used for
activities of the Folk school and
ll that ahs was confident theyi would continue to ha so used inll the future. '
"But you have no assurance of
p that, do you". Senter asked. Youhove ho more lssursncs of that
than I do."
J. H. McCertt. committee coun-
cil, suggested that Miss Justus
ststement was sctuelly written by
Horton or was, st least, "cleared"
wtl a 'th him before being issued.
She denied thl indig-nentiy He
lso hed Miss Justus identify
photographs token at the school
showing Negroes and whiteslditions and better pay. He sddedysqusre danclng together: Then he.naked her: - .
"Do you spprove of colored and
whites dsncing together?"
l
l
...A_§_A _ . It says he-rle one of your pur-
poses is to train rural and in-"I~didnt know diplomas were
required for rursl and industrtsi
-leaders." Miss Justus replied.
11- With few exceptions, yesterday!testimony svs.s confined to events
which occurred prior to World
»War II. Nearly ell the -Witnesses
-{said they hsd lied no contaliwith the school in recent years.
Bewsnss Professors Testify '
- Tsl Pmteslorl" of -the 1Jpiy_cr-slty of the__S_outh, Se_yygne3Et&sé!i/li'_diie n the school's favor -day. They were l3avid,}'-""-"cr-_dq}_v_n,_ professor nd. e. - I .-. :-:.-. U . -- -- 2- -11- '<-;=si..-..=:1_,;':=-=-- j;'-',;»';f- -=;=- -';s;__._-;_ V _V .,_. _~ . . r-" . '
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" rose! om, Tctlll.-§!!!. Berton Dernent, no, "-so 5.21
McCartt, chsirrnsn Ind counsel 'o!,1l1e legislative committ_¢'in-
vestigating Highlander Foil: school, get their heads together
I see nothing lmrnorsl slI!out_91'l I Rflfll Q5 If-_l'llBIY-' f __--- . M
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»' " -T3"-.". ."" 3"-;j. ..92*X ! syden, reitred pmLe_s_sor "of Eco;noties at--Bewanee who is a
_, trusteemof, the Highlander Folk
a professional economist,
F1U 92 .
I: .gar? !__..~'
' is-In-..'a 92 "nip-Wllford rosi. professor ofChr i Several other 80-
wanes professors submitted ltate-
mente to the committee with the
understanding they would be cali-eg to testify under oath later, if
t e committee requires it.
Among them were ene 44
school In his statement he said
as a citizen. I have beneiitted from
meeting men of both races from
various walks of life, including
college teachers, college deans and
presidents of the Negro race.
1 "1 have benefited from meeting
ieducators and government officials
from countries of Western Europe.'
Asia. and Africa directed to High-
lander by the U.S. Department of
State." he said.
I can testify to their serious-
ness, their good will, their sense
of ,fair play and toleratlon, good
humor, their readiness and ability
to take a broad view of iuhjects,
including the prpblenii of school in-
tegration." _ _ _
Attends Workshops "
Kayden said he had attended
nearly 30 workshops at Highlander
and it is in these groups that "men
learn the difficult art of calm de-
liberation in an atmosphere favor-
able to conference work. under-
standing. which leads to friendshipufqz. "" Ml! - x. ,r ,2 rr"~ wee »n¢~r-»»~lkcfg,-lube ~"" ;'?'!"& 1'£._ 5..
Alfred Duncan of Eummerileid, a
eonstruetion foreman; Clarence E.
Kilgore, s postmaster at Mont-esgie; "Roy Lane of Bummerfield.ia former mine worker; GrundyCounty Sheriff Elston Clay; I111-dolph Brown of Coalmont, an n-1
specter for-the state highway do-l
pertinent; Henry Dyer of Bummer-E
field, e. laborer; Ford Cox, also ai
Summerfield1aborer.'and W. T.l
Barnes of Monteagle, a former
lieutenant 0! the Washington, D.C.,
police {ores -1 .
The session began at 10 s..m. in
the auditorium of the Grundy
County high school and continued
until 5:30 _-p.n1. with an hour's
break for lunch. McCartt did most
of the questioning but all the com-mittee memhcrs. - ' 92 _
About 100 persons were present
during the morning session end
about 200 for most of the after-"
noon session. The audience inch !-
ed a substantial number of stu-
dents and faculty members from
the University of the South as
well as interested Grundy county'
residents and officials. i. 92 .~_.
and reconciliation."
Highlander hse no special
creed, no program of wholesale
reform" end "no politlesl affili-
ation, right or left." he said.
it ls simply s meeting piece for
adults of both races on such sub-ects. as education, citizenship,saith, social services. commu-
nity welfare" and the school's
procedures ere den1'ocrstlc-and
constitutional." . _ 92 ___
Other Bewaneo professors who
s hmitted statements w q ere obe ,A-we n,H.Ms1¢¢»?n~owtoirigg 3. uck and|Bc0113?; witnesses card Yesterday
were L. C. Goodman of Pelham,
Tenn. s. public accountant; R.obe_|_rtP1? !!<.sni'§ Ar 1*""'5"2*' ' PF j_-¢-*-- -"'-' ---~'*----w -- , _ _ _ , .
s .
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._,*
DIRECTOR IS WITNESS
e By RIC!-IARDALLIN I
NA
tzve
which
Thursday morning. ,
The
determine whether subversive
activities are carried on at the
l Schoo ,
recom
general hy Tuesday. E
1 Founder Only Witness
jI'ne Ymas Myles Horton, iounder and
director oi the school who was
closely
school
in; activities.
Representative Alan Hanover
oi Memphis, who questioned Mr.
Horton
expressed dissatisfaction with
Mr. Horton: answers. -
Mr,
operating funds were placed in
the Bank of Sewanee, the near-
est bank to the school, and that
he "thought" there were cnly
two other depositorles for the
school
Are those the only three
banks
§kEd
McCartt.
I don't know right oil," Mr.
Tim-ion said. "We Write checks
"oi" on iewanee bank. The
others are savings and loan "
V "Ho92-
do ou have, Mr. Horton? t Y
you Im
- deposiof the ighlsnder Folk School at
Monteagle rests with a legisla-
' i
m
s
banks. ,
ID_. e e
Hearings Close 1
On
Legislators Will Report On
Highlander Findings IFolk School
¢-+1;
Eta?! Write!
VILLE, March 5.-Fate
nvestigstsing committee
ended its nal hearlnl
committee, appointed to
will give its report d
endation to the at-tor .V
onl witness Thurs Y
questioned about the
s nances and its teach-
oi monetary matters.
Horton said the bulk of
lvnds, both Caliiomia
where you have money?
committee counsel J. H.
many other deposlto es
ow? Do you have so rq y
ries you don't know?"-- -- -4I
I F
I
2
'' asks Rate 01' Intel-on :
Unable to get an anlwefwliith
satised the committee, Mr. Me-1
Cartt asked: "What rate of in-I
terest do you get in Celi£omia?"i
"We get about four and a halt
per cent," Mr. Horton replied. I
"Don't you know exactly, Mr-,
Horton?""No, we put it in Califomia.tgeceuse we got the highest rate}
oi interest there." He said he,
had done so on the advice of his
etiditors. ..
, Later Representative Hanover
said: He has taken in hun-4,dreds of thousands oi dollarli
Iand the statements he has made
here havent told us anything." ,
' Mr. Horton promised to pro-
vide the committee with a corn-
plete audit report oi the schoo
finances. He said he did t.
have enough notification ahe
ot time to prepare the ii s
the committee wanted, I
, Mr. Hanover pursued ques-,
tioning of the school: programs
in relation to its nances. He
noted large expenditures for
travel expenses. but only about
$1,000 put into the school:
library. ,' masses In 1959 _ I
"How many classes have you
had at Highlander since Jan. 1,*
1959? Mr. Hanover asked.
"None. It's all been in the field
4-in the Sea Islands of South,
Carolina." Mr. Horton said.
' ter-=
- in
I
e-The school is conducting Ii
acy classes among Negroes
South Carolina so they can vote
the director said. The schoo
has no extension programs els
Where. xiii"*p'Q.}"L._fn_h|_-J!_92i ..~., c.-l.._-_|- .._¢.-_. ;, ,-'_,;:,.,- .. bk __
/ 75/!1
ALL INFORMATION CONTAINED
HEREIN IS UNCLASSIFIED
T DATE§ILLii_BY O
G941?
ms COI-IMERICAL APPEA
3' 6"; j
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5 Should Be Noted
IFFERENCES have arisen be-tween the chairman and vice
chairman of the legislljle commit-
_tee which investigated Highlander
Eglk school.
Rep. Harry Lee Senter, vicechairman and house author of the
probe resolution, accuses Sen. Bar-
- ton Dement, chairman and enate
, sponsor, of refusing to convene 1' meeting to draft a final report.
P Senator Dement counters by sak-
f ing "Hes just trying to make state-i ments to get in the limelight . . ."
; We do not I-mow whether Mr.i Dernent inadvertently has hit upon
, one of the chief motives behind the
investigation. although suspectingas much. But one thing is clearly
demonstrated by this littie spat.Hulznan beings do not always thinkali e. " - '
' And that, it is obvious, is the
No. 1 reason'the committee is de-
manding that the folk school. sur-
I render its state charter. Members
of the legislature should remember
the Dement-Senter difference of. I 1
bu; n 'the.charter of an institution
wrich _does not think like this dis-E! ing pair: _oph-F. ion, then. before they vote to,A "Difference Which iv.e -»--
, Hr. McG1.1i!'E~---
M;-_ Mohr
Mr. 'I'%1""'-~
M1-_ Tl-tI.:I' .__...._
M,-_ W -';.51u1livsn
Tgle. Room .__-
Mr, I-Iolloman__.
Mia: Gnnl1Y~---
____________..._M1-_ Pu-sons...£670 Mr. Rosr~n-._..-_-
_o_.
,.--1/,15,qy,,_._s T En/tesre/+1v
741-$'4~ //Ml-mile 71%
P. lo
L!.
/T___._ l é/
nor nI1¢°" fD
117 nee l~' &>9
NED .._.-;-1.L WFORMATION Cqlllkl W~4g|_;92$$!:lED gfz. 0./-7b ._" U _ P _ |. |_ J n 1J/ Mesiiilleliil-BY
4 rm 7 '" i
- It
_-.-31',-_ -f*_. '.
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.-it- -F-es
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anus
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;-..a=.
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~v
U Among C horleston
I
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-.,___i
~_,___
fqirl
~_-.I he == A 1 I Eu Q-'4
, ___ i r __ ._
ll. l_l____J_ r_|__nll'; _.
rllgnlanaer ncnoor
Adult education and classes ...
citizenship sreterms that have a
solid sound. Proper training among
Negroes of the Lowcountry sea
islands could. improve their lot
and give them a broader role in
community life. .,
The question, as we see it, is not
whether these colored citizens, as
well as an; other dtiaens, should
learn more about the world and
the ideaslof our times. 'ihe"ques-
tion is what they are being taught.
A local news article appearing in
The News and Courier yesterday
quoted Esau Jenkins of .[ohns Is-
land on classes that he has organ-
ized for Negroes in his vicinity. -
We only went to make them
better citizens," Jenkins told a re-
norter. The main thing is to teach
them voting. We want them to un- -
derstand how to vote intelligent-
92 .ls-" - .
The News and Courier heartily
enddrses the aim of making better
citizens. Ii these citizens are to
amt H-mv chmri knnw how H} 92i0tB'- .-.e, ....._, ....-..-.. ___-.. ___. --
intelligently. g .
Our notion out intelligent voting is
independent and thoughtful choice
among issues and candidates. In-
telligent voting does not include
bloc voting; Anyone-_ who teaches
Negro voters to become bloc con-L
scious at the ballot box does his
rs-cs an injustice. Voters oi any.
rccé should consider the welfare-
- the community and generalprogress. ' I 1
Should a Negro bloc vote develop
in the South, as happened in some
parts _oi' the North, white Southern
politicians would seek it. The kind ,
of politicians who cour't the Negro.ence Fe-:1
ounty Negroes "
.1 not provide the best kind
of government for either race.
They will set up racial antago-g
uisrns that will hurt both races. In
.the long run, however, it is the Ne-
gro who will suffer most £1-om ra-
cial discord. e 92 , ~
Our reinarkstoday are general
in nature. We a.re_not directing
them at Esau Jenkins and his
John's Island training classes. We
donot lmow'exact1y'what is taught
in those classes. _ - -. .
We do know vehere Esau Jenkinsraged his training. It was from
themighlander Folk School, an in-
terracial institution at Monteagle,
Tenn. A committee oi the Tennes-
see iegisiature found considerable
circumstantial evidence that High-
lander Folk School has been a
- meeting place for known commu-
nists or iellow travelers. -
Whether or not communism is
proved, the influence of Highlander
Folk School on Lowcountry South
C a ro l i n a has been established
through Esau Jenkins and others.
On every hand, we hear warn-
ings about the possibility that com-
munists may take over the dark-
skinned people oi the world. Red
China already is communist. Airi-
ca is in turmoil. So is the Middle
East. . 1 . _ r
White civilization, which brought
order and prosperity to undevel-
oped lands, is in peril. If white
people escape communist slavery,
they rhay become amalgamated
through mixing of the racialstrains. - ' F ' '
As Esau Jenkins said of integra-
tion, Its arevolution." , " ___ - _ ... ;'.£;.'~JL
92 92 I
1 I Mr. s
f ' N ' Hr. h Mr ecb ___
» 5 Mr McGu're____
92 MI Mnhr ..
.9 t
I
I
I I
I
fl
-I
L
I
I
II
I
IHr. Pnrs0ns_. __
Mr. Reef?! .__._,
Mr. Tamm._________
Mr. Trotter ,g__
Mr. W.C.5ullivan
Tale. Room._._____
Mr. Ho1lornln.___
Mile Gandy_____
:4
e
Tl-IE NEWS 8|: C r=. "'
Charleston, S. .
- . . .11..D£1t6d...?2'.'I.....I{é..'.T
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.14/
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l
92
' Highlander Director
i Feel-s Courts Will
l Kill Probe:-s Ailoc
By cannv Futtsn-ron'Y, Q
l
l
ll-Iighla.n:ier e charter. .Charter ls legal;
, Iri_yil:"1-.iort0n., executive dares;1-or = .isaid yesterday he feels "ful y con; '
fident the courie will "uphold;
Ho:-tone statement followed re
lease oi. the report of the legleiaI L l
two committee which investigated
the school. The report recon:
mended that the general assembly}
_::e~ ___e 1 cl
I See editorial A Difference
Which Should Ba Noted",kq;'1o. -92- ' l
instruct the district attorney 5%..,.,e_..e -+--w-*'
i
f
I
xI iittir. Gen. .1.!be:'t ea Q10!-I; re beao
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it
' tomoi-Q-in'!_;:v_e'at_i"gatl92I1 ."'eee-rm
itiee at the llonteal, "-T955» ,eaid,' ln aid of tho l>i°P¢1' 11191"
gftul turned§i= l=ie".§i>'i92§il:iel¢vieee=» of '.l,'t" l
vex-aloe in ite rel>°§¢~lg gin, hevrev_a_r- Pfll "f "3er at aoma allagee -ei=' =--.iinenclal lrreQ"l"'l " ""'ll§l tl:geld are qrounda for a ll-I!revoke Highlander: charter al I
uxqlampi lnatitutlon. Brm, epm-92; was adopted Yeeutigte Eroice vote in_b0ljh__h°_E_9f_f
oz u. i.alur. ,..1g}°,y, ll.ll=aaaha eom'mittee'a two aenatorl. II!'toa Dement o! 14'1"!-"'b°"°'. mg
lite-it-roan. and Lawrence '1'.I-iughea of Shelby county, Intro-
duced a reeolution oi:-eotingnniet.
gin -the enlt to revoke the charter.A eimiiar resolution will be intro-
duced today in the heuee.
Other committee memberewere Rene. Harry Lea Senior of
Irietol, Cal-tter Patten of Ghat-
ilni, ind J. Alan Hcnever oi ,
Memphie. J. H. Nlcarti. district
attorney general oi the 19th ju-
dicial diatrict. aervl aa lte ape-
-aial eouneeln ,
Le reported in CHI NASHVILLE
TENNESSEAN Monday, the reporttlce and law entorcement e-gene!of the state who may deem,the baeie or the evidence 1111'!lore preeented, that a further!-.-eetigetion or other action la nee»
eeaary. - /__ L -4 ' .
No! Surprieed I -
Horton alld he W3! "not I'll!-P;-1;e¢' jt gnu;-go, that {hi oom-ittee turned oi! no evidence oh m .subversion at the aehooi. . _ _
5lW'¢"1'- 1 J?"'_2l____'e__ ,,_ _
n their report." he laid-, _ ,-'
Bela! back -to vyhet I eald
when thie lnvaetlqataon began. Inoel; it la not unreasonable reg 5
me to ineiet on ei deelelve IMunequivocal report. If the _charge: of. auhveralen III?! plproven, than the doere of theaehoel ought to be oioled. if _.they were not. than the rumor!
should be ended iiii and tor,all. I think the lcornmlee ewe: 'no-thin] Ieee ja the people of 'Tenneeeee."
Legal opinion hero appeared un-
certain yeeterrldy whether much}
o! e cane could be made out forgated it torthriyhtly and clearly yHr. > 0
M 1 _,_
M . ehoac .._
Mr. McGui e.-___.
Mr. Mohi-._e..
Mr. Parson
Mr. Rose . _
Mr. Tam .
iii. Trotter ..... __...
Mr. W.C.Sul1ivan
Tale. Room....___.
Mr. Holioman._._.
Miss Gandyl_.__._
_,_._.__.._._-i--i-..-
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92
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._ __.__, _ i-_ __._. _.#_i__n_ ....__ A In
/ii OO| C I1 8 ii¬ Fl tron" or a Highlander charter theetete secretary Of it-83% -_.
epeai Sought
Highlander Report Will Ur"g'e_' -
__ H Coil For Revocation o'n'4 C_hcirges Ail these things toqether nrlground: for revocation we think
-_|,hg committee thinke-withoutgetting into the question of aub-
vereion." Senter slid-
Iut." he added. "wI'1| U
into it euhveraion! in the re-
port." '
Banter said the committee aleol
will recommend that the 1881815
live council study Tennessee lawe
oi incorporation during the nextBy JAMES TALLEY ' 1 'A_ny_ court action, __howevei', two "arm with m gm of more
A special lileiative committee r _92
' J» ' *1 inv igating ighlander Folk-4 J1 _ _-.-.__-_-.1-no-~n-a-eaq-_,~
will recommend tomorrow _J1 ythati the school's charter be to- '"9ht'
-r
as
llwould be initiated by the Grun-
dy county district attorneyi,"
Rep. Harry Lee Banter of Brie-
tol eeid in an interview iaet
"A copy of the recommend!-.
tion will be forwarded to him."
Banter aaid. i
The 25-year-old adult education
school has been the subject oi a
month-long investigation by therive-man committee Probing al-leged subversive activities. igh-
lander Le racially integrated. 92
ilhert F. Sloan. district it-
torney general tor Grundy and six
other counties in the 15th judicial
district, paid last night he could
not anticipate what action might
be taken.
Wante Fact: Firet '
Alter I get the facts, study the
Tennessee code, and determine
whether or not there has been a
violation of the law." he said, "I
will be ahle to _decide on any court
action." . _'
_'1"he schoole charter in filed in
Fentreee county. but the echooi is
located in Grundy county, near
Monteagle. Beater eaid t_hia would
be the main belie tor any court
action. »-
He aeid the report will ask that
Highlander: charter be revoked
because:
O The school: corporation boardhas transferred up-operty to Idi-
rector-tounder _ylee Hort-on"illegally." - ' i
I The charter wee not properly
riled in Grundy-edllhty.
gThe echooi nae "operated out,-eide the acope of its charberibyl1'-igicfstatntee or incorporation." -
He acid the report llee will be
lent to the U.8. internal Revenue
service and maybe the tutu-
have its tax-exemption revoked
t o."céenter said the leillmr 15
"litnite to where the etate IIgo in edition and eubvere n-
He eug eeted the federal 8° I'll"
mane ght take over "wher wehate re laws that are applicable."-i Imony will shew the school ehould ,Hr. n
Mr. 1
Mr. ac __
McGuire.___
Hohr._..
Parse
Mr. Rose
Hr. Tam ____,___
Mr. Trottei-._.__.___
Ml. w.C.Su]livQn
Tale. Room_____
Mr. Hoiioman
Mien GandyiMr.
Mr.
Hr.
_.-a
lia eiwille tonnes seen
Nnshvi lle, Tenn.
r
73 ALL INFORMATION CONPTAI/f/in-/J e59 e 13?; 61-§4
nor nzconnnn
141 MAR I20 1959
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l*lorion IDenieis
Be"'[email protected]¢I"ar9e
ArI_<onsos"O_lficioI sqyieierirhnn;
i Highlander _;'Communisi Dominated
lyesteray Arkansas Atty. G
the school Ls communist doxii"nei.e:.t."
long public hearing on theI lchool in the War Mlmbrill au-
;. ditoriurn. Sen. Barton Dement
_ of MUfffGOSbOPO,- chairman of
the joint legislative oomrnittei
I. probing charges of suberslve sc-
tivities at the school, adjournedg the hearing until 9 s.rn. today.
Bennett who followed Horton othe stand did not testify dlrecty1 t_ . . I
iabout the school, but entered intthe record testimony £1-om previoug
investigations allegedly linking
persons connected with the school
with various Communist front"
organizations. Then there occurred
this exchange:Horton and Bennett were the
I two main witnesses In s day-Iey osnhv ru ERTON_ It I I
I Myles Horton, igh_la_tnti£_r__Folk
{School director, heatedly denied
en.
lBruce Bennett's accusation that
I-. , .~- _,..;r
l92/
'* "7"*i~*__
lsplracy." _ _ -
Leaves for Little Rock
I After his testimony. he shook
and said: "Run em out, boye, run
em out. That's the main thing."
Then he left to return to Little
Rock. _
Horton. who spent s tots! of"four snd one hslf hours,on the
stand yesterday, denied that jeither he or Highlander -is CIm- I
I
I!
o expose the Communist con--
hsnds with committee membereii. f * '~»'.-'1' - »_-'_s#92_l¢f*-5 . 7. if-'11L--;~.__}_:e '.92,.' 92"_';' _>::_:=i-g ;:-.--5'?'- -l=*"' " ' ""
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H . eLoach~...__
Mr. McGuire.___.
Hr. Hohr
Mr. Psrsons......_.
Rosen._..._
Tamm
Mr. Trotter
Mr. W.C.Su1livan
Tele. Room._...__
Mr. Hoiloman._
Miss Gendy.____
--i___._._Mr.
Mr.
i--ii....._,___'
l
I
I
Wt
munistie or subversive In sny Iway. -
This Information, too was
lib:-ought out by Banter in the fol-
lowing exchanges: 1Sentlr: "Are yon now or have
- *- -oNa 31-wills Tennes sean
Nashville , Tenn-
3-5-59 P- 1
3; 61-34
:51-_-;Z.5_LL.-/9 -
uo'r neoonoeb
3 1 ll MAR 30 §5§599- Harry Lee Senter oi Brie-
tol: Mr. Bennett. is it your opin-
ion that the Highlander Folk
school is Communist domlnated?"j
Bennett after a moment's hes-I
ltatlllriii "Yes, 311'." '
The Arkansas official, who ap-peared in a neat dark blue lull.
anti black tie, told the committeei 92
£41 he ls glad to do anything 1 cnnl$s I4-
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92. .1 I ~'~ 1- -».
you ever been e. member of the
Communist party or any othet sub-
versive organization?"
Horton: "I am not end have Ailil by A°|'l".V
never been a member of the Com-l Horton, the first man called to_ _, _ ., -,_ -;_l-_-.__._-__.. .-_.; - ii . _ .__~ _- '__. -
-J9
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'Clarence E. Kilgors. postxhster hind the committee table and fedit Tracy City since 1%; ht J questions to Senter. n , - , a ' a'. _.5:-1'1 T£;mPB°§T:1;i -IE1-lmm. l!cCartt queried Horton s. t.Highlanders Pliticel activiti _
iDoesnt Participate in Politics '
The school has never h
. part in politics," Horton said. I:".::l*:.:=a*:.;..:::.11 §.*;*.i§.%°t:: : i§§m.3$6 ;.;m'f iZ"i'=°.i5 32-§f £§3lw=. ti»member ot any group -under the again from 1:30 pm. until 3 p.m. "D°n'i 3'0" K110" that Y0" triddomination of the Communist~He was dressed in 1-l dark blueto win the election for Henrysuit, white shirt and blue sndlwallace in 1948?" Mcertt asked.Center: "Well, why haven't you white striped tie. and was assisted ' "Hp, air," Horton replied. "It"ined any of these organizations.M's:
so who belong to them.
. Hrii "M85159 I 921°11'i- I87" moments during the hearingwith their aims." - '
- senior: "Are you n- believer in refused to allow the committee
Horton
education '
you have strayed from the Marx-lbe Marxist;-Lenin ideology?": , .
let line. gs that right? Are yotusyn-ipathe c with the foreign and domestic policies ot the SovietUnion?"
Horton: No, sir.
Senter: "Are identified Com-
munists eligible tor any positions
at Highlander Folk school?"Q-torton: "No, sir." -enter: "Was your wile a mem-
ber oi the Communist party?"
Horton: "No. sir, not to mylir rledge, and I would haven n. ' '- Sterz "Do you ever accept
co rlbutions from the Communist
pa or Communist organiza-done?"
-. Horton: "No, sir." -
Senter: Do you ever solicit
funds from them?
Horton: No, sir."-
Ahout 50 spectators were pres-
ent in the big auditorium when.
the hearings opened 30 minuteslate at 9:30 e.m. The crowd grew
to nearly 200 by mid-afternoonwhen a colored movie of High-
lander was shown, then dwindled.
again to s. handful by the time the
hearings were adjourned at 5:30p.m. - "
In addition to newsman fro;-noIn Conference Educational Fund.
all parts of the state, the audiencelinemeee a gt-gup of gtudentg gm;-;;leinConference Educational Fund,the University of the South, o.
number of Nashville cler en. I 'No sir I believe 111 nal eopy if the school's charter.One of the first dramatic
came when Horton and Stokes
to enter a an exhibit the ori i
enough.
plied.
tram Horton.
l l' want the record to shew
uthet this document was taken
l Stokes said. - .
at Allard, Tenn.
courthouse yesterday and tried t
register the charter," Horton said,
"but they told me you told them
ls wrong, I_ want to correct it, but
apparently the committee doesn'twant. it corrected."
Horton said he had been a mem-
ber ot the board of both the South-
fare and its successor, the South-
organiations which have been list-
ed as subverslve"'hy the House gym .two Central high school seniors
from Murfreesboro, and repre-l
sentatives of the Tennessee Fed-
eration for Constitutional Govern-ment. a segregation organization.
Bennett was not the only out-
ot-atste witness who testified
against the folk school yesterday.Also on hand was Ed Friend of
Atlanta. new e $5.100-s-year
cameraman with the Georgie Fr estry commission, and s for-
In r employs of the now-defunct
G ergis Commission on Educa-
ti n.oseph A. Malone or Montgorn-:on-American activities committee.
The Highlander director said
he didn't think they were sub-
versive, becsuee there were eI lot of wonderful people on
those hoards. and I'm proud to
have taken part in thorn."
J. H. Mclartt, committee coun-
browskl one or the founders of
Highlander and the executive sec-
retary of both the SCI-IW andBCEF!?" l
"Yes. I would Include him, Hor-eii;:*;.:*:l'".1.l"i~:*;':.*:;.i*?;..~;:.%l=~=»~====~
way patrol, the committee ser-
gtant at arms. to take the charter
I went to the Grundy 'county
O
not to let me do it. It the charterl..by his attroev. Jordan Stokes mly have been a mistake. but I.ou seem to associate with peo- III oi Nashville.didn't support Henry Wallacell for President. , "
Horton Identied 'severa1 pic-tures on a large sheet distributed
by the Georgia. Commission on Education as having been taken at.lHighlander. He said twlo of t.hem.l We'll give 3'01-I n ciiidlhowever,were-unfair. One showedSenior In other words, then, ¢,;,py" stoke, aid, but Dgmgnt]
answered that would not be good Berry, an admitted OomInu.nist.lHighlander leaders with Abner W.
Horton said this had been posed by: I'll have to advise him <Hor- Frifd. Who took the photo andton! not to let this document out Pushed Berry into the Bro!-ID J1-wtoi his possession," Stokes re bEf°'-B Bhllm 1-ht: !b"B1'-
The other picture showed eNegro man and a whiteiwomen
said it was really a square dance
step in which-hands are clapped
behind the partner's heath estood up and with McCaz-tthdemonstrated the step, to Lt?[light oi the audience.f"'°"92l Ill 5! P|1.'rli¢I| for -" Rep. J. Alan Hanover question
Horton at some length aboutltheHorton had previously testified schools financés and property-lthe schools_cherter had been reg- Hfin 8!-id B PlB°B <1! ggpffyistered in Fentress county instead tranoferr t0 him In 1 7 hId_gf Grundy gnu;-1f_y bgca-Q55 at t_['|_gl|Il661'l deeded {O him by lCliE 86110 '8time it was obtained 930 High- board of rlirwtorain lieu or be.landers main headquarters were 8&1!-?lf~ . - i J
No Legal Claim To Pay
Under Hanover; questions. how-
ever. he admittedthat he had no
legal claim to back salary. and
leaid he had in fact made no de-
mand upon the school. I So that property was really} Just a gift, ween! it?" Hanover asked. L '
"I've read you the facts. the min-
utes ot the committee about this,
Horton said. "You can call it What
you want to. 1 -iHe said he plans to pay taxes o,n
the property deeded to him. buthas not done so yet because the
property has not yet Seen assessed.
Ive written a couple of times
asking them to assess it." ho mid.
l but I guess they haven't gotaround to it." ' . -
Turns Dyer 8taternents- -K. jg:
At the oommitteesdemand, Hor-ill
l
sel, asked him: "Do you meantton turned ever all the school'siwondertul people like James Dom- financial. statements since itst
_i'oundingtogei.her with s. card llof contributors.
Told that an admitted Commu-
nist, Paul Crouch, had said the
9292-, _1
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"_..-J7? ..-. ed!-"" §""'§could suo himl-rkyivll i!.alT_'on e-to." lily that he was a commercial ho-During the afternoon IB!BiOn;tD8'IB.p]J8I and free lance ter.i rton testified that although he planning to do an article on gin!lh at one time been a. theological lander. Ho also told tho igp-;1st ent, he is not a member oiion} chureirat the present time
of our ole behind at Hi
hood does:-|t apply. .
lieve in God?"- "Yes. sir." Horton replied.
" of God ?" _Senter asked.
"r'u, sir. Horton said again.
_ "Highlander is not s religious
institution," Horton ssid. '
H The eommittees session did no
"Do you think a man can be a
Communist and still be lo
"i know I couldn't," Horton i. said. "That's all l osn say. I; The 11?-minute motion picturetwhich followed Horton's testimonyshowed Negroes and white persons
entering and leaving the schoollibrary on the occasionof Highd
lander-s 25th anniversary celebra-tion, Label-_de.y weekend. 1957. ltiaiso showed Negroes and whitesswimming together in the lake be-Nhind the school. iFriend, the Georgia photogra-pher. eommented on the film as it,was ing screened. He said hehad ado the film himself. Thoronly known Gomrounist picturedIwase . - Try in IxLa 1', on the witness sfand,Frie d said he had lied to Horton:about his affiliations when he.Senter asked him: "Do you be-
92 "And in Jesus Christ, the Son
L Then. why :iont you pray upithere at Highlander?" Sentsrliked
, _topen withn prayer. xi
yal. tothe U.S. government?" Senterlasked. -i¢_ P9 D _ e- --g..--
-lander, telling them that brother-'ilander director he knew IklgihlTh h id 1 tha McdGiJ]L! 911: #3 iguana tyjgrtio? V e reason, e so , s tan . . e en, an a-»ehulrchesl in the giciinlty of Mont- torney. _ _eagewlnotamt Ne e to worship.services, and "I og;3¢s;e¢;*p §*§{°l why he. hag. lied he uh= I can go to church anzlleave somei :1 . I sssm-no I _wouIdn't hovebeen s very welcome guest stHighlander if he Horton! hadknown my purpose there."u _ Friend said during one workshop
he sat in on at Highlander, the
advice had been given to use chil-
dren, women, old people -andpreachers" to push integration,
"because white men won't attackthem for fear of appearing to be,bulliesf F
Testimony Links Others "Bennett. in his testimony, saidHighlander has been linked oneway or another with the following;individuals who have been cited;as belonging to various "Commu-
nist front" organizations: .
O Anne and Carl Braden. field
secretaries of the Southern Con-
ference Educational Fund.
6 Lucian "Koch, former presi-dent of Commonwealth college,Ark. .
O James Dombrowski, executive
secretary of the Southern Con-ference for Human Welfare and,SCEF. i
= 5% Charles _Gomiiiion. now '
on leave of absence from Tuske-
gee Institute, Ala. - '
Q Claude C. Williams, a Cum-
berland Presbyterian minister.
O Abner W. Berry, s Commu-;nist and contributor to the DallyWorker. -- - - '
O Lee and Grace Loreh, '
have been accused of Com --
nist affiliations. , 4- I
The self-assured Bennett st -'bled only once in his testlmoh _ . . Y»some l°_1'¥_zl1Ia_nder_to inane the_He Teferred to -um B o.- _ _ 7% 1 __ 1.;-" * L'5"
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bleing connected with the South-
ern Regional Council, lnstead oi!
the Southern Conference Educa-
LADHHI Fund. The_ investigating
oommittee appeared not to notice
the mistake. -
Summarizing hie testimony, he
"if a barnyard goose la lured
lite a flock of wild noose, he
nay be exculcd only if ho leave:
t e flock. But if he continue;
f$'ing in formation with them,
then he is a wild goose, no mat-
ter how loudly he may protest
that he is not.
1"l feel like that school High!92
*1 " -W . ' -4-;_=-iig-'=
i uiiiiu inn ying mm!-iltio -with e lot of people who
l. have no their goal the dootruc-
tion of the United State: as we
know it and tho placing into
power of 1 Communist conspir-
00!:. Kilgore. the Tracy City postmas-
ter, testtfieci that -10 or 50 copies
of the Daily Worker" were receiv-
ied by; members or the Workers Al-
lliance during the early 1930s when
Horton was helping organize them.
The Daily Worker wag e Commu-
nist paper formerly published in
New York.
Stokesk Horton's counsel, asked/Tl ' ' .
- U - z I. -
4
lthe committee it Kilgore could not
have confueed the Dally Worker
with The Worker," e. publication
at the Workers Alliance. '
Ask him Kgore! if it a.
daily paper," -Stokes suggest d,
adding that he knew the com t-
-teu wanted to conduct the hear!
lilo the spirit ot fair play.J _ Dement refused, mapping: We'llconduct thlshearlng no we lee
tit." i
-Kilgore later told reporter: the
paper he was reierrlng to came_w-eekly or monthly, not d1_;ily.*
.. l,--,,...,.<_,._-11. ' --'-3.'~rwe5vM$$M? ?f"2''§.{¢E3'--7' /"'-"5-.--F,-1,.'-'f.5;.-5, .-<!.1t"!~:-- - -. K 1-1. I -. Q--,' P-_--;_*,;r. -$.15,-,--1 :--,;_.;-r,>_.,_A-;;;.;i:'92i,~-1;-. 1.:--. 7_-.~j..*,4 F,-:-r- '_-,3. -.'= ,-- ":1 _. . - -. . _ , . . -' - --er :1? -~'*--;'-.'=--.+'i*».=-.r-'-;-+-;,-:- . _-.1-.-'.~_';.. ., v »', -~i-, _' ..<~:t';: "i".-r-."f-:'f"§,"--'E-.'-'Z'-'.-51%: '-F_?92:i¥1"i72._" l-'1-3=?'.i".§zE15YZ;?15":-'=1r':':¢:f».'-"CL? ._:~;,< r.~" 192.-+...?._r__,..."_;_ <=:4. ._{..,_3-1. ,._y,,._s:H A ,_, _ , i -'1, ,-1 __ --,=;. - -- -. -. = , -- *. ' ~ -:'.r--~;-- -f--1 --~':",'-".-<-4*-vi. :--5-#1-*1-=MF-::'i"r=I'i'$ 5F;}-:§-.»~i '-I F-'~.-'--_-=~""-ll -v-':. '91-T- ="'§=;-T-;-_i. --*+. ~,.;*..-- J--"la~=.<¢-~o=--1--;-- ~ -'-'» »--1 1' l . - »_ . -. ,|.--r J ,-_ J,-._-'_.: .. .~. . - » -A,-:;
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92 olsonBelm
DeL
McGuire ___..
Mohr ____....__.__
Parsons
Boson .___._.__
Tumm
Tr t e
W vcm _.
Tale. Room ____
Hoilomdn ~___.__/
u:> : "I T;Ileana Roosevelt Jill- - i ~ 1 " _,I if . I3.4- %'!#§;&@ ». at .
afraid to testifyin favor or
the right or this school toI'm Grievecl Over School Probe 7
II_;{.5_.V15g: lp n grieved t0 see. strength it has todajr in the S ththi sch lb ped_th
. 1:1 92?i||-I"-EJ?'. Jenn
sEzni
1 y un_gr__t e_accusajgn
61' __communism- Actually.fife objection is and always
has been that it provides a
meeting place for colored
and white to discuss sub-
jects of mutual Interest to
both races, and particularly
.':::.t. if has helped to trainIiikneopie in the labor move-! efit.
' Before the labor move-II5 =2{1L*3a§ sen sashes, theou s oo e
unpopular labor organizer.
It is still none too popular
to be a labor organizer in
certain areas or the South
and tor s school to have
stood fearlessly for integra-
tion and for labor rights
and to have made a good
name in its own community
and iriends in its own com-
munity I think speaks well
tor the school and its direc-
tor, as well as its support-Iunction._ It is -true that
even some happily only a
tewl or our highly placed
Southern senators and con-
gressmen have __used this
threat 01 accusing an organi-
zation or an individual of
communism when what they
really meant was that they
were strenghtenlng the
cause 01 Integration and Ia-
bor in the South. ,
We want to be aware oflei? - ' ' ' ' ' the threat oi communism;
_I hope no ong__will__he __ _we want to be taught whatare the earmarks of s real
.-Communist; and we -should
dread the growth oi com-
inunism anywhere in our
country. But I have yet to
see any growth in the Com-
munist Party in the United
States and I have yet to nd
anywhere s really intelli-
gent and mature person who
believes in communism as
it is practiced today in the
$-Oviet Union.
- There may be s. Iew peo-
ple who may have been at-
tracted by the ideal 0! com-
munism, which has never
been achieved, but they are
usually theorists and have
never iaced the real facts of I
communism or so-called so-
cialism as practiced in com-
munlstlc Russia, Red China,
or anywhere else that I
k1"£*l 91- ' _,
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ii-FT_R&I¬~@'?L:I392 ___W MAR SQ W59 _g
W ___--.-__._-1--1 "The Washington Post crnd_________
Times Herald
The Wulhlnqton Daily News LL
_ The Eveninq Star _...__.__._.._
New York Harald Tribune ___-
New York Journal-American _..
New York Mirror
New York Daily News _.._____
New York Pout
The New York 'I"1meb__._i_
The Worker
The New Leader
The Wall Street lodrnul
Date
'92 _
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l i ta .__ _, _'.'
Governor Gets Measure 'p
, For Closing Of Highlander.
from The Commercial Appeal Nashville Iuiuu
NASHVILLE, March 13. A resolution to open the way for
possible revocation of the charter oi the Highlander Folk School
at Monteagle got nal legislative approval Friday and went tothe Governor. _ , 'The resolution instructs the district attorney general :
deHighlander area to take steps to have the charter revoked.
would remove the school: tax exemption and possibly '
the means for taxing it out ot existence.A special legislative comrn,it- " *" '**
tee that investigated Highlander
"d it h d collected e dance sat a vi
to show the school is e meeting
peace for communists and iel- ,__low travelers. '-
The committee also reported. Z
the school certificates at in-i -
corporation had not been tiled
111' Grundy County, where theinstitution is located, anal ht:-mt _some school property ha en -1Ja.l1sfe!'re|1_,'tn..'M¥-lis Horton, di 7'34 *1-of» la: 5 . Te D l'92[Qatar 1 Highlander. l " 3 -, i
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ALL INFORMATION commas 0 3-%* ~ @/-7~>"//HEREIN IS UNCLASSIFIEDDATE.til_l.Fll'_L' BY /., - 7:,/.3aw .
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' I isufqnee At1 _
92 | I .
OH Lghlander - ='
C2 By J|M_eco'rriguhlander Folk ghgglj in-
surance policies were canceled1a.it_ year because underwritefeared the school would e'_
bombed dueto us interracial c-tiviliej. 92 92-
Sch ol__ Director _ og-
to told the iniestigating e -mILtee today that insurance com-',penieetoolr. the action after the-bomblngs of eynagozl -in the.South. _ _ 4 I
During this period-two orthree montfts-the school asked I
for and received epeciai con-tributions to create 1 tundflorfrebuilding in the event, the
school was damaged by violence.Horton said. , y Y "
However, Horton said the
school later obtained insurance ,
from "Lloyd's or Landon by pay;lug the total premiutn in ad-vance by iump s_um."' '- '
The director-founder added,"We are having trouble wgihinsurance again becoulefol t sinvestigation." He laid the
lch0ols eu'tomobil,e insurancewas canceled when the currentpfbbe was announced. 1 j"
Today's h_en.ring- wound and
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92v "I ' -
Hr. McGu.ic ._..
Mr. Mohr _.-______
Mr. Persons
Hr. Rosenr________
Mr. Temm .____
ML Trotter ,,____
Mr. W.C.Su1Iivan
Tele. Room...
Mr. Ho1loman_
Mis-I Gandy__.___
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Na shvi lle Tenne s se e
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_. _--__-_.a__lr-.i_;-_aC;-I!-.-nan-'..e~QaIdloJ>-3'-PL-lie-l-r . .
fnnnni 22 oi testimony.
The :.'o:'nr:."t'4.-.. %ieurned at 1;
a.m. subject to call oi Chain-
man Barton Dement '01 Mur-
freeshoro. The panel ll duo to
report to the legislature Tues-day. The -committee dies with
adjournment 0! the legislature.
Host of today's hearing was
aimed at the school's nancial
policies. Rep, J, Alan Hanover,
an attorney, questioned Horton
closely on the school's bank ae-
counts and deposits with a sav-
ings and loan association in Cal-
ifornia. Horton said the school
had a total of about i28,i!ili: on
deposit. He was vague about
Interest rates, and agreed to-produce a complete audit for
the committee.
The Wednesday afternoon ses-
sion was highlighted by testi-
mony of Arkansas Atty. Gen.
Bruce Bennett. . -
Bennett. a Vanderbilt Univer-
sity school of law graduate, told.
the rive-man Senate-House corn-
iintiee that he believes High-
lander is Communist dominated
and the Reds hsvehd e hend
in stirring up racial unrest in
the South.
Myles Horton, 54-year-old di_-rector and rounder of the school,
located near Monteagle, is sched-uled to return to the stand this
s.uuI"P-g. I
Horton, who Spent nearly five
hours testifying Wednesday, has
denied that he is a. Communist
or has any ccrnmunlstic lean-
ings. I-ie maintains that the
Communists dislike. Highlander.
These Characters
Bennett linked these charac-ters" either with, Highlander orHft 1/ » 'Peg?-Sivcegsr, Chattanoogaguits.!ist-singer, who has taken
part in Highlander activities;
cited 66 times ior subversive ec-tivitles. ' ~ . .The Rein clnnekwaluiuns ofParis, Ari-t., unfroclre l>resby-
tel-Ian minister, who espousedland reform in Arkansas sim-ilar to the Chinese Communists;
cited 2-5 or 30 times tor subver-sive activities.
Lucian-Koch, former head of
the novr""dérun<ft-CnrgirnongixgslthCW Mona, A.l'k., whic wasc sed as a nuisance, and said
to be a friend of Horton's..Jan-iee>D_Qm1l£Q§sl:i, head ofi
92
l
.
t ?m Coerengiw man 1, _-e'l!are'whic!§ 'closed dow
after being placed on subversive;..- ,_., ;.iL|V92_ heed at successorgroup Southern Conference Edu-
cation Fund of New. Orleans;
charter signer of Highlander,cited tor subversive activities do
times. _ . _-__i.' -i. E!?-"I _
" _ Dssn ,
chime aqqgmihn. dean of
T-,;g}-,eggir;_,"'lIl-,__a,, lnstitute."'l;i'!lIl1-zber of Highlander e1cc1I'Elveeoizcll who was instrumentalin sending egro proteasor toArkansas find "sott spots"
for lnte tion .Aubre ' s. now Pubuh
er oi! ,_ in periodical in Birming-ha_m;'i'-Eiosgly identied withHighlander d speaker at its
25¢}; anniv 59.1-3 celebration in1957: cite tor subversive ac-'viti 23 times. ~' ~' ' Abe: esrciiienmleda Co m nist, who attended an-niverenrylceiehration; cited 25 .
times. i -1,, am or nish, activein Lil e Rociihcial disturb-ance;-once connected with Fisk
University and Highlander par-ticipants: once took the FilthAmendment before a Federal in~vestlgating committee w h e n
queried about Communist con-nections. . 'T'P="-___..
The Arkansas oi'IibTEl chargedthat Horton attended a secretNorth Carolina meeting whichespoused rerollltionnry ideas. i The Highlander Folk School,"
he said, "keeps pretty close to theparty line and in cioe touch withCornmunlst ironta." ~
United Front
Bennett also said that Horton
in ii-135 took en active interest
in the United Front. s combine-tlon of the Socialist and Com-|T _i ii "iii, 7 * 7--.-.1 * i i iif gar '* F
.|.
lures to overthrow our way ii!
I, C-.i,..
mimist parties whose objective
melee ' j . I V _ 92
Referring to Arkansas integra-
tion troubles and closed-down
Commonwealth College, Bennett
said. "the same events have 00:curred in our state which have
been untoldedln your sts.te._ K
"Yon people certainly have I-,problem here." L -_
He stated that an Arkansas in-
vestigative committee recently nfound Peubversive connections inracial unrest. He sgitd $50,013 .was spell t prom e'.rsc Estrife in Arksisss. '
Ed Friend, s. iahotogrepher £0!
the State of Georglmwho ini-
trated the school to report to the _Georgia Commission on Educ» i
tlon said Highlander ls sub-
verslve to the way -I have been -
taught to live in America. _ ___-_92_illilrrlcrli u"5'hii?.6B ., i
Friend took both still and mov-
ing pictures of inter}-aclal activi-ties at the school. The motion <
pictures showed whites'e.nd Ne-
groes swimming together.Friend said his Wife, who lt- .
tended some oi ttie Highlandersessions with him, {was so dis-gusted she crled." - - '
Also here on invitation of the ,
committee is Joseph A. Malone. i
an assistant state attorney gen-eral from Alabama. ' - .92_92 - -
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ll//'jipeech Denie
iTea¢hen5ays
i Highlander School _i!efense_
. s s ~ ,5rn Woman Says F
A Nashville educetor charged
yesterday the l tive commit
tee investigatin h an Folk
leg o refused to
.!'c'e ty in detenee 01' the Grundy
co ty edult education institution;
; ' in .em'Zh-ea, director of
rural field work at Scerritt col-iefe, nid ehe wee told Wednee-5d y by the committee ehe would j
be permitted to testify yesterday. 1
But the five-member committee 3Talk Banned, Sca
By wevuz wlkrrr ' Horton teetified lneurehce poli-
_ciee on the echoo1'e property were
canceled when synagoge were be:
ing- bombed. Our Insurance wee'
canceled because the insu ce
mpany teit we might be bo edaeceuee oi our interracial ec vi-92el." =
He nid for eeverei month: e
institution was without insur-ence "but we finally; were eble l
t._ _.t__ Z
adjourned without heering her._ e
J "I don't understand why they _
wouldn't permit me to teeti1'y," ehe
eald. "I thought they would went
the tull story, but apparently not."
Seek Extra Pay
As the committee concluded the
hearing and prepared to write e
report to be delivered to the legis-
-lature Tuebday, it was reported re-
liably some membere or the com-
mittee went to esk the legislature
do pay extra for their probing the
school. - ..
1 A legislator close to the com-
mittee eeid if the group doee de-Hr. -~ .Mr. % {'7-
Hr. DeLoach._--
Mr. McGuire____
Mr. Mohr......._--
Mr. Persone...._.~
Hr. Rosen .... .-.--
llr. Tamm -__-
Mr. Trnurr W-
Mr. W. .Sullivan
Tele. Room v-_--
Mr. Hollon"-an_-
Miss Gendy-
,,¬._i-.-.----i-
Nashville TennesseanNgshville, Tennessee-6-59 e 161-34 P
l ALL INFORMATION CONTAINED
HEREIN ls UNCLASSIFIEDDATE 8,@[&<l 3y
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Continued From Page One! 11
to get insurance lgain by getting
it from Lloyd; of London."
hen We couldn't get insur-ance We asked our friends toi
pied; e $10, $50, or $100 to help usi
rehu ld in case the school W35 de-
si.ro_yl:d." Horton continued, andi
they did, many of them from Ten-
tzessee." 1
He said fear of future trouble
over insurance was the reasoni
tor the existence of a $5.000 in-
surance fund pt the school. ,
And because of this investiga-
tion," Horton continued, "the in-
eurance on our automobile has
hr-on canceled. Weve set some
znoney aside in case We can't get
insurance."
Hanover end Horton spar:-edi
with each other as the Memphis
lawmaker questioned Horton about
the school; bank accounts andmods. ' i
Claims Ono Account .
Tip director testified the school
l~'>i'ir'il}' one account on which it
92.rc;'>e checks and that was in abasic at Sewanee. He said in addi-
iioii he school had some fundsJ, Sa~,~1r.-5,, and mans 9,5-For records so questions were
socintions in California because
our auditor found we could get
T.,g.irr interest there." Horton also
testified that the school had a gen-
eral tund and then a fund foritalk around it." . ' -' '- "-.... '.'.-1'-_ .-V_'-_.-.-1-.,'-_- 0--j_f'. iliiiv-. =zA.s1~.1.".e.e-..l" ......' i 2 1 ..
i -I. 9-';1f'~
?_1"_-E": -
"' 92e.T.-.»-'4*4- '-i*"""**">"-*.' r . - r ,contribution; qtuzz-marked fol-1special projects. "
Would there be in shuffling of,
as to whet you actually have?",
Hanover asked
"We try very had to make
clear,"'Ho1-ton shot back. W
have to satisfy our contriiiutors
Ind I don't think the founda-
tions which give us many would
keep sending us money year
after year and increasing their
contributions if they weren'tsatisfied." ' i
Theta no proof," Han
terrupted. Let him answer the qi-lestionii
you've been arguing with him."
Jordan Stokes III. Horton: attor-
ney, said. I went him to enswer, and you
know I have not argued with him
st all." Hanover replied. Every
time I ask a question he tries to.
I'm not trying to talk aroundanything," Horton said. "I'm try-
ing to explain o. program that is
difficuit to e.*.plein."Horton, neatly dressed in 1|. dark
bille suit, would reach into his
pocket or his briefcase at hi feet
red at him.The hearing played to a near
empty house in the big We-1' Me- orlal building auditorium. Aboutgig wer. in the chamber and this
r-;.~e< ial pro_ie_cts._ mIfIe_soidi_a_L_t_.i§nes | 1nQ]uds_, _I _e3mn-iittee members, their
mywistaff, newsman. _s. inaintenancei
man assigned to the building nods. janitor. iEh Ilander were II1 the sudito um _
addition to Miss Cobb. net,these tunde around to fool anyone 50"", upportgr. of
' " H . in '
"Wu-4. 92-5...
iilifidqo testify in defense of
Highlander before the commit- tee adjourned. Miss Justus. soc-__ rotary-tressurar_ of the Hi9h- ,_i land board of directors, testified ,bsforo"the committee In Tracy i
City last weak. _ i
The committee icizfi give uni;
reason for not hearing the women.
Miss Cobb said she had wanted
to tell the committee I have
never at any time seen any indi-
cation of activities or teachings
which were subversive. and hove
been especially impressed with the
keen interest in supporting the
principles of democracy, and ed-
;ucatlng participants in these prin-
ciples. I should say that this is B-iistrong _move to strengthen ouricitizenry against threats of com-imunisrn. i
Rep. Harry Lee Senter. commit-i
tee member and author of the res-
olutlon which led to the invest! 1-"tion, questioned Horton about 51:,isource or contributions to theschool. - i
-Jhy is it so much o! yomoney comes from New York.Bronx and Brooklyn end around!
the University or Chicago?" Sen-~-ter naked. " " ' i
Money Where It ls
"The money comesh-om where
the money is, Horton replied. We
collect it Where we can net it and
bank it st Sewsnee. When we
ask for funds we don't csre
iwhether it comes I1-om Brooklyn,
the Bronx Or envwhere."
"That's right." Senter said, "you
don't. care where it come: 2:-cm, do
Ou?" A
I have nevsrsolicitsd rnonly
from any Communist Orgnill-i
tion," Horton rote:-ted. I e0I'I-
tribute to Highlander myself ,i
end l.don't contribute to anyof the others was Mis_ aywho said she
s ,_ L
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9292
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Qdde on Repel-'_:,,,l,.% j i
rom whet I have seen end,
he d of the inveetigstion.", he;
we going to write e. report." '
* T g legislator said in the p l
some members of inveetigati e_.
groups hsd been allowed ed |-__
printed $5,000 for the investiga-_
tion. It eould net be learnedyeeterday how much of this has
been spent le ell eqtpenee so-,counts have not been filled. "
Asked about seeking additional
pay, Sen. Barton Dement, chair»
man of the committee, said he
knew nothing about it. He ssidthe grout: would tile en interim re-T
port wih the general sseemblyIue.sdey. ' - -
, Only Myles Horton. founder end
director of the school, testified
during yesterday's hour and e hell
session. But Horton, who spent,
ne ly five hour; in the wl ess
chi r Wednesday, wee esked ore
a ut the school's financial p cies
th n ebout chergee ot subv elve
art ivities. uring questioning sbou ti-
nancee by Rep. Men Hanover,mommlttee member from Memphis.tionsl pay. The legislature sppro-" }
II
-,/=5? yr 06- ~ ' _nee-re writ lezrzweb "" "*"" '9 -I ?-~
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President and Publisher !lrea.sm-er ' . _.J_ .;, 'v . - _ _. . . . -I =-. . ,._ r-.. . » l . . _ i .92 92- - 1 -=. ,I '- . - ~ -2'.-;"-.' ."' ;.~'-- -92'.--'.-_ -i-'.-.._ir._/.;,._-- ,,
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Taxes Send More top Highlancl_et___
i"!=.e News-Free Press commented t
other day on the uee of the American
taxpayers money to finance I. State
Department exchange student program
that will bring a woman from Liberia
to take pert in activities at the notori-Oue {Ii hlander Folk School near Mont-eagle, ¬h m¬d out that
is only part of the story.
In addition to the Liberian woman
sponsored by the State Department:
International Educational Ex c h e n g e
Service, Highlander Folk School is go-
ing to be visited today through Sept. 8
by 11 French students under State De-
partment grants for an experiment in
international living." . -
There are grave questions as to the
advisability of perverting the student
exchange program by requiring the tax-
payers to support junkets to an institu-
tion which is not really a school in the
usual eenseand is an institution thatcertainly the %'-ernment of the United
States should not give any semblance
of official support. D
We do not expect ever to find out
what the cost of the tours of the
Liberian woman and the 11 Frenchmen
to Highlander really is. The State De-
partment wraps up such programs in
a deep camouflage of red tape so that
costs of the exchange programs ll dif-
ficult to discover, although itie ascer-
tsinahie that some 22 million dollars has
been appropriated for some of the pm-
gram. _
While we may never know-the
cont in dollars of State Department
eponeorehip of Liberian and French 'Fii~
ltors to Highlander Folk School, the
cost will be somewhere in the tax bill
of the American people. But far worse
than the dollar cost is the disgusting
fact that the State Department has any
part in sponsoring individuals at theL r
_m- f.--:4 --~= "J-' -: ~=-._'. . _- . 1' ' '4 t . .. . _ ".' - -1- ~ . ' *1 H ' _ 92"'-;_".1._" <.--_-.-_?_ .3 _'. |~ ._
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' 1-ox Money For A
The State Department has confirmed
that the International Education Em
-:i=-<c=;;e Service oi the department ie
spending eome $1,800 e person for 11
French teachers to vlalt the highly eon-
troversial Highlander Folk School tn
Monteagie,'1'enn. -
The visite, aeye e State Department
official, although paid for by the govern-
ment were arranged by aomething called
the "Experiment in International Liv-
ing" of Putney, Vi, The apokesman aaye
that organization ea been iou.nd- to be
reputable. "
The whole affair Araiaee questions
pr0mpUy. Highlander hea been tn con-
siderable hot water lately. For more than
two decades the echool, under Director
Myles Horton, has openly advocated in-
tegr_a_tip_&Q"Cou.rses are taught thereW _ _ 1 p__A___ ...e.-_..___e-~---- i QIGHLANDER FOLK scnoc' Moteagle, Tennessee
IS - CHighlander Visit?
which lead to no degree. But they are
heavily laden with eociologicaliimport
and the whole direction of the echool la
far to the left. Labor union organiza-
tional metboda are uiiong the anbjectl
taught. -
Nobody knows apparently inst now
far left the echool la. The Tennessee
Legislature some months ago lntenaively
investigated it but it came up with amne-
thlng short oi specific findings. Efforts
have been made to close the place up
as a public nuisance. Hearinge are new
pending on e circuit attoi-neya petition
to padlock. Only a few weeks ego local
officers raided the echool and discov-
ered liquor on the premlaea. Arrests
were made.
The use of public money for any each
visit is or ought to be aubject to detailed
lnoinr. *---I.I
92
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5
ALL INFORMATION coriiglinioc ssruz _-Q51 uzaemnsun LA 1- '_ B é/ 7 I1 t , -4o BY ___ -w/ ....p5iELLcL at an '42 Y5 S 3' "9 SEP 24 was rr'/ an '
M"THE BIRMINGHAM NEWS
9/ll/59
Birmingham! Alabama
Red Star Final
Editorial
S. VINCENT TOWNSEND-
Executive Editor.
BH Office.
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Isn't 00I'run1-lnistic, but lug hem
under attack for you-5 by u --M.
dying bunch d ilthel:|;_"
hid Roll:I-9: Q! Q2 *
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. . - I"HlEb1ander u 1 racially mm
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N W vbkda of I witch hunt.
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Mohr .._________
Parsons ._____
Belmont
Charter Lifted by »Callahan
v .-r -yr " ~- 92] DGLOGCII i_.___--n-9 I .F% M eInterroclol Sc 00 . y
Tennessee Judge J ' ,c,tt,,,,
§AL'1"AMo1~rr, 'renn.,Feb. n W.C. Sullivan .__
AP!.--C1rc1.ut Court Judze C.-
C.- Chattin y day revokedH1" charter o i hlan 1 d ordere e In r-
1a Adult Education Center
near Monteagle placed under
receivership.
in an 11-page decision pied,
In Grundy -Cmmt! Circuitcam. Judge Chattin ruled the "
lghool had violated _'§5r_1_ng_§§ee92 lBf}'B§_Bi.i0n mwj and 1i7v'5 r»er- Yta ninzfh Hie select beer. ' J
fIhe judge ruled turther thnt
s - m
to Myles _1_'I0_1'_t'QIJ,_.1.T-5 ..mu;d=r-pfesident, wa.§_1nva11d_pLnd that
thé"rb*pér-£3, {Rut 70 acres.
mjust be turned back to the
school. t - " _
fnevocation of the genera!
welfare charter was sought by
District Attorney Genera] A. B.
Sloan on the ground that the
2'?-year-old schooi had been
used tor personal sain or Mr.
Horton.
Mr. Sloan also charged that
Highlander had engaged in-
cqmmercial activities in viola-
tion or its nonprot charter.
-The Judge issued his decisionALL INFORMATION
mason 92
DATE
1 [MTele. Room ___
Ingram ___.___
Gandy
NCLASSFF
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Ttmel Harald
Th: Washington D011? ow; __
Tho Evonlnq Star
New York I-Iorqld Tribunn __._..._
Now York Journal-American __
New York Minor
New York Daily News _____.._.__
Nun YOIE Pull _,__.i..i..__._
The New Yuri Time: ._..._.-._.
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Ul9 Rev. 1-1|-BO! -_ %
H __, , ___ ,. .__ ____ _ ,_ DIED
I-om acnoollns
.,charter revoked
H IGI-lLA.1jlDE§t_,Fc> ll_: _§cl3ogl _a.t Montca-
izle. Tenn; for 28 rears an outstand-
ing iriterrecial adult educational center,
we n.i,»ued or its state charter on Fob.
16. Cecil D. Banstetter, Nashville lawyer
dc!en_di_r_i__g the __5chool, announced he
would tile a motion for a new trial and
would press the case through every pos-
sible judicial channel in search of Justice
for the school."I Chcuit Court Judge Chester C. Chattln
:"**>I 111'! the school Vjlggd "3 ch . . _. upiter by "permitting inte3ratJon in its schoolq ,' ark He ordered a receiver to wind up
" " .. .": 1-,"2i:'g~,
'1'Hi~ZT-RE GOING ON: It was believed
T ~ - » 1--=5 authority to put hlB order
=1*1iic' pending an anneal. but Myles
-i"1 UZi chool president, said:
7 1 -. c coins ahead with our current
er:u<*a';onal program, We'haVe 5 1-951-
1' J *-~'-"F"!-$11011 for "ministers and ao-
ww -92'0rP.~:e1"s scheduled for the coming
we elr- end Our extension program jg .159
-:.;.t;:,-,-in; for the present. This ruling,
as far as I have been able to ascertain,
L185 not interfere with our current pm.
8'1 am. II I am WIOHB B.b0l1t that, gumegng
"51 h*"¢ W W11 me. but there has been
no court order stonoini "ef-
The d'=".'-er-.=P had argued that Tonnes.
.»e~.-5 -.-r~_.;'n:'-old segregation laws pm-
hi':it.i:".g inteifreted classes and workshops
had heen declared unconstitutional by
'-'92-11-ITLIM: Court, but Judge ch; " "' :3: Supreme Court decici
° ' "* "'*""' hut not private sch
A8 no--92'-I the state: laws "an applied
prim-are school; |,:a-constitutionalvalid." - _
. 47'!
QZMARIB 1950tie-'.v-TRIAL ASKED I mm, .__._ rm A... Trotter
W C Sullivan ..... I _Highlander ~_ e ; 3;» Rm-.. qmm" " '! ' P 1-. l GondY
IRE-IACKGROUND: Judie-Gill-HIi'|
ruling is the latest development in s Ion:
campaign by the state to close the school.
Last July police raided it u a "public
nuisance" and its main buildina via: ped-
locked temporarily on a charze that For
was acid there without a license? ~
In November I 1111'! handed down In
advisory verdict that the school was op-
erated for the iiersonai gain and en-
richment" oi Myles Horton. Judze Chat-
tin cited both these earlier do-tee In his
ordefrevokinz the school; charter. and
he voided a deed of I plot oi lchool
grounds to Horton upon ,which he had
built a home at his own expense. Tut!-
mony showed that ior 20 rear; ot the
school: existence. Horton had drawn no
um-"~. ind currently eeivei $i'."v6G i
year which in considered low when com-
pared tn similar posts. ,
It the Ohattln rulini stands. it could-
nect many other Tennessee colleges and
universities where racially intcggtcd
qhaaeu-no conducted. .- - Y
The New Loader .__i_...-_...__j-__ |---_ in-1;
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Timon Herold
Thu Washington Dally Howl .._.._
Th- E'¥=:".£:92.q 5'2:
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New York Journal American __._
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NOT n *?F:D Now York Poll
The New York Timon
The £221 Eire" Jcmnlzl T
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1923.|I1Ol'l81 Guardian
ALL mromwmow commmzu Page 5
HEREIN! wcmssanso
DATE av
__ I 92 1 _= 0-19 Rev. 2-13-ll
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Mohr .__________
Belmont ______
Callahan ______
Conrad ______._
DeLoach __._._
Evans
Malone ..______
Hosen
Tove] __.._.___.
Trotter ____.____.
_ H , W.C. Sullivan ___.
/Gnome» -ro c|.osi:
p -92 Q
j loses app
state sunr _CVIC¬£0311-A.92I1lERiFolk School, Jdon -¢asTg *i'_e:_m.. cstan6tlre r"'z6und m
its battle rat su]-Trfval when the Tennes-
see Supreme Court on April 5 upheld a
lower some order revolrlr--' "~ iehmrg
charter and ordered it to close
The school, toundedin 1932. has long
been under attack because of its complete
integration. Highlander has stimulated
Neilm voter Ieizistratinn he trnlrllna -v ~------ -i --a-nu»;
Southern Christian Leadership Confer-
ence axmouneed a Joint "training project.92for sit-in demonstrators. _People to teach literacy. Recently the
school and Martin Luther King Jr.'s
The school and ts director . Jlgaxenon and Beptllnakiarlr, have gm¬:Tat1,aci;ec_ $]"I:unm-rt!hist." In lamthey verb oiaiended against this chine
by Mrs. Eleanor Roosevelt, a long-time
defender of the school, and or Beta-
hold Niebuhr and others. »
The Present case beaan in 1959 alter
ka party at the school was raided by local
_ police and three stat! members were ar-
rested on intoxication Eharzes. The Beam
Supreme Court ordered the school closed
011 the Uwunds that Horton had o
ated the school tor private gain and the
intoxicatirm beverage; ma been mm an
the Premises. The Court did not rule on
another holding of the lower court that
the school violated state sesrésation laws.I
iTele Room ___.
Ingram _____....
Gandy ________
ALL INFORMATION cowmwan1-:E'?ElN if uzacmssmaoBATE J 4;/rt; BY srrmlrbe ' ' 4" ,;43i@L'T"
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Time! Harald
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The Evenimq S!aP.--_--._-_--_---
Niii fork Herald Tribune __.___._
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"-"** Highlo}ide;r;NolHe|oE '""='" E
There is not generally much good
news from the Supreme Court. for the
South.
But we can be pleased with the
jurists decision of yesterday in which'..., dnlizzed to review a Tweessee
order which revoked the cha r of
?4=~blander folk school near Monteagle,
lean.
- The revocation came because of beer
selling there and because the Tennessee
Supreme Court ruled that the director,
Mgleze Horton, had been operating the
school for his private gain.
Z41:-z..s1ai1,=; high court did not rule onhad held earlier that the Highlander
school bad violated state segregation
laws by having an interracial student
body.
Word from Tennessee has been that
the school has taken out a new charter
and plans to open a new center in Knox-
ville to carry out the "Highlander
ideal." '
Highlander school has been an adult
education organization which followed n
line much to the left of center. In the
present troubled condition in the South,
we can getalong without such an insti-
:./ -g_'// -Y
I"AlL INFORMATION CONTAINED 184 T 2° 195'
HEREIN IS UNCLASSIFIED -In-uun...,_. -DATE._921l-QL5_L£__._BYI5_ O_E:T ».9?._; II
9
lMr. Poison '
Hr. HeImont______
Mr. llohi-..__.___,
Mr. ClIlahnn,___,
Ir. Com-nd.s__.__
Hr. DeLoleh__.,_,
M1. Evgng
Mr. Malone. II _1" JSQI1, I t
ullivnn
Mr. Tavel
Mr. Trotber
Tele. Room
Mr. Ingram ,_.__
Miss G:ndy_____
"_'i""'*'-------~u-
'_i'-"1-'-92---~i92-
@ 5/
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BIltllIl¬GIl.AM POST-EH2-itz'lLD
1 _3"1l_3"51 Editorial!
lhrmlngham, Alabama
Editor - Jl-125135 E. MILLS
Bl! OFFICE.
racial questions but a lower court judge"-1'u'tiun - _ r----1| | %IGI3LAL_D1:,R FOLK SCHOOL' ' 1 LJ 3!
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MARYVILLE, Tenn., June20 AP!Twenty-eight young!
white and Negro men andl
women were jailed here early
today after a sheriff's raid on
their Smoky Mountain area
training camp sponsored by,
<_JQitE, Blotlrtt County Sher-
iff Roger Trotter reported.
Trotter said he raided the
camp after complaints from
nearby Townsend resident: of
disturbances at the tents and
cabins at the edge oi the
Great Smoky Mountains Na-
tional Park.
The 28, ranging in age from
16 to 27, are being held on an
open charge Pending the ar-
irivai of FBI officers from
Knoxville, Trotter said. '
Most of those arrested were
from outside the state, Trot-
ter said, but two boys werefrom Oak Ridge, Tenn. in-T,eluded were two White girls,
six Negro girls, nine white
men and 11 Negro men, most
of them from eastern states_iO g
ii;gW'Eennessee ,'- - _' .. ._'
4
Piiillllll _!
-1
1
Putney, Vt, said he and his;
wife were eondootini the
classes. He /said he ova: direc-tor of the xorth-South Smoky
Mouin oi-kshop,'a.branchfof th i hlander F I
in Knoxvnle.i The biracial Highlander
School lost its state charter
two years ago when it was
situated near Monteagle,
Term. Its operator, Myles Hor-
ton, has ainoe opened a school
in Knoxville. ' .it
,,
of students was due at the
camp June 23. ~ *
The sheriff confiscated
pamphlets from the camp, in--
cluding instructions on com-rTrotter said another batchilL]W?I Collohon _i___
Conroii '74 A I92AY_, H
V.i;T}§§§
Gale
Rosen
Sul1ivon,£l'i_ ,
Tove} L-L
Trotter
Tele Room
Holmes
GoodyV,
u
ALL INFORMATION CONTAINED
HEREINI UNCLASSIFIED __
DATE W BY'-7*
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i Mr. Callahan .
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92John Duncan says.
This was the gist of a letter
written by the mayor to Walter
Gourdln of the Baraca Class of
Founiain City's Central Baptist
hurch.This was a response to a re-
quest by the class that the city
padlock the doors and revoke
the license" of the controversial
center headed by Myles Horton.
Greatly Concerned
-"We certainly have been
eatl concerned about the op Y -
ation of this place since itt
has b e e n in Knoxville," th e
mayor wrote. .
He noted that he served on an
American Legion committee
many years ago when it rst
asked the State Legislature to
investigate the Highlander Folk
School while it was located at
Monteagle."
y However. Mr. Duncan recalled
that nothing was done by the
town oi Monteagle nor by the
legislature to close the school
at Monteagij r
_ City l§oe_snt Charter
}§" said ' 1"-'?tfa t e iattorney"mere! C th e schoolsErter o_ ¬1b6Si§ - hat thewas%ng beégllegally""" visi-
tors at ._ -+
Some lll days alter the state
revoked the charter," the may-
ors letter continued, for some
unknown reason, the secretary
of state issued a new charter
under e different name to the
same individual Mr. Horton!
who had headed the school
while it was at Monteagle.,, ...dmnotmue, |/to mme Qg1g?dMayor limit Bible ¢i;..; *
_ City Locks AuthorityA To Ban Highlander "C
The state issued the charter it charters or licenses toto the llighlander Research andugons or schwh They 1" h_ M ..ikC.dUCai.10n Center here_and only sued by the state _ _ _ mu um.the state can revoke tt, Mayor sequel-my, if they are ,evoked_they must he revoked by the
granting authority." - .
'_ Would Welcome Evidence
Mr. Duncan, in his letter,
said it might be "worthwhile"
for Atty. Gen» Clarence Black-
burn to conduct an investigation
0| Highlander, because if one
were held it is possible that
some individuals who did have
information concerning viola-
tions of the law would
forth and divulge this informa
tion in a public * investiga-
on I ....-II ,
The mayor said he is not
"pleased" that this individual"
is operating in the city. I-le said
it is causing ' "unnecessary
work" for the Safety %pa"|t=
rnent. He also said be would
"welcome any evidence or il-
formation that you or anyone
else might have concerning any
violation of any ordinance of
the city. _ I .
Contributions Tax-Exempt I
He said he is sure that the
{FBI is |diligent" in any matterC0l1C8'llll% subversive activi-
ties . . . He also noted that
Federai aumorities have also
recognized this place as an in-
stitution that is tax exempt and
people who desire to make do-
nations to it can take credit for
such donation in their Federal
income tax."
The mayor said, Neither the
city, county nor state of Tonnes-'
see can act on an assumption,
and -all legal authorities in
Knoxville that I have discussed
this matter with agree with mi:
°°lP=' °="'-" .---=2. indicate puqe, mun!i i newspaper, city and ltoteq_ Mr.Ro n.._..._.._.e - _- 54%..
i Mr. Tavel _...__
Mr. '!'mtt.er_._.._
lI'I_I_ Q.-...¢iEln I92I'-KIIIIe--ui--
hliss B~921rnoa._...
I ass __.___ALL mroaunnouc
HEREIN l§ LFNCLASSI.DATE_J,i¢' BY Few"., O; .1
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92_l_'IHE KNOXVILLE unus-
. SENTINEL
i M__ KNOXVILLE, onus.
___._
i
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. >~ii "-i note: "
iEd1tlo1_92: Hm
Author:
W sdué IDYE W. MILLER
ii TWHHIGHLANDER FOLK SCHOO
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DUNCAN SAYS -
City Lacks Authority
To Padlock Highlander
The city does not have the
authority to padlock the doors
and revoke the license of the
Highlander Research and Edu-
cational Center, according to e
etter received by the Baraca
lass of Central Baptist Church
f Fountain City from Mayor
. ohn Duncan.
' The letter was the result of u
resolution drawn up by the 70
members of the class petitioning
the mayor and City Council to
put the center out of business.
The mayor in his answer to
the petition said the state issued
the charter to the center here
and only the state has the power
to revoke it. .
Highlander, which moved toilinoxville in 1961 after its char-
;ter for 1 similar school at Mont-ieagle was revoked, is mider the
;direction oi Myles Horton.I Mayor Puncan said it might_ Q----",
0
._-be worthwhile for Atty. Gen.
Clarence Blackburn to conduct
an investigation of the center.
The mayor said that he is not
pleased that this individual isoperating in the city . He fur-
ther stated that he would wel-
come any evidence or informa-
tion that you or anyone else
might have concerning any vio-
lation oi any "ordinance of thecity-II |
The rnayorfconcluded.
'.Neither the city, county nor
state of Tennessee can act on
an assumption and all legal eu-
thorities in Knoxville that I have
discussed this matter with agree
with this 100 percent."A 5--iitB
F
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"'-_'¬""-' _[7Il'!d1CCHE page, name olnewspaper, city and state.!
l Qi-
_I_l.__ THE KINOXVILLE JOURNAL
KNOXVILLE, TENN-
at-.
.i._
<
1/25/63
Edition: FINAL
Author: tEdito-L LoTm»: '1.oiz1.s1921nuR__§g__I:1§__s_c1i_oc
I. .
Character:
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If i i W Mount clipping In SPICI Bilow! i I i i._-ll ii I C -
Mr. _ .-
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Tir. F r .e=_-er
Callahan
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LII. GFIEE ________.
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4 "_*'" *""T.i§/
iiii§i1ianderWunt iBet Witch Hunt]
' °"-rcicburn Needs
Proof of Violation i
The attorney generals oftice.
dt-es not plan a witch hunt i
investigation of the controversial
Highlander Research and Edu-
cntiorei Center here, Atty. Gen.
f_"a!'En¬E Blackburn said today.
.t.a_i or John Duncan explained.yesterday that since the state'
issued the center's charter antun, Llz state could revoke it, i
niight be worth while" for Mr
?'t.'.'n's oliice to conduct
ihx cstigation. . .
Mr. Blackburn said if any U
r"-. er or citizen has informa-J
ll-H1 of a violation of any state;
.s._ is would be glad to bringi
it _iJ:iUi'e a grand jury, He said i
it is not wise for a grand juryi
l'~ out on its own and investi-
gate a matter. -- .1
. Evidence Necessary t
i in the recent bootlegger.
Eiiquor probe here, we called in
ievery Tom, Dick and Harry and
:'n.ws that we accomplished
_nt;r_..:_;,' Mr. Blackburn said.
: we n-Peri oiicers to investigate
i and bring the evidence and testi-i
.,.£t.re the grand jury so " ' ."~~.;.' act as a result of
I 9292'*IIYH "
| ....=_»~or Duncan also said he,
ivuould welcome any information;irmrsi-ning any violation of snyi
't~ t~- ordinance by Highlander
f].r~rsor;neI. Mr, Blackburn said
I ii.» st,-.1-=1 need valid inlormatiotni
1t'1Li not just strictly hearsay,inf at state violation to prosecute.So or he has not received any
i-evidence; he_ said. -----
- - i /
"i-"{?|.
%: '3' J/U/9 7>' .ALL iuronttttiottcbuttintn . 191 AUG 1;-; tees2!I-s
."-Vl
n
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i
1
- i
t
Iactivities there under surveil-i,
Psheen an integration worker for
1
il _._..Hasris, Horton lath---
i Police Chief French Harris
land Sheriff Carl Ford said they
spent about two hours earlier.
this week talking with Myles
Horton, head of Highlander 1
Center, and could nd no laws
violated by the school or its
activities. He said no violations!
lice department. ii"Im sure the FBI has had;
lance in the past and InternalRevenue agents have had to in-i
vestigate the operation, as funds
btained by Mr. Horton have
en tax-exempt because th
hool is operated ls a non
roflt organization!, Chie
arris said, _
We will be glad to investi-
gate any legitimate complaintsst the school, but I can nd
nothing that would indicate any.
laws are being violated there.
Just because an organization ori
person is doing something that
doesn't agree. with the feelingsiof certain other persons, doesn't i
mean that organization or per-
son is violating a iaw. And we
don't intend to make arrests
unless persons are violating the.law. _ i Mr. Horton told me he had
some 30 years and that his or-1
ganization had nothing to do with
Communists and that he cer-
'tainly was not a Communist nor.
was anyone that worked at the
eats-sol,L-lihiet Harris .]_,d,,,. ,
ishave been reported to the po- .
/ i»I 7'* Mr =~n .n_._
T-ii. ..
Mr. 1 r .H____=
31-.'. '2 1 -H91
Tole. Roorn_________
Miss I-1.}-it-'3 ,_.._
Miss Gnndy___._
Indicate page, name of
newspaper, city and stale.!
i_Z5_TI-[Et ILLE NEWS-
SEN TINEL
___K192iO
n1-
Quite:
Edition:
Athor:
Entttprii 1
rm='?nIoHLmtDER FOLK scnooXVILLE, TENN.
7/22/63
HOME
IDYE Tris MILLER
_._.._,_,,_..---u-m _.-._._, _____u ___ __
Character
or
Clctlliflcon: 61-12
Stfmittlnq OLlicetfKNC. i
6/~ 7§'{/-/1:--j -Z_-_ I-I "
NOT RECORDED
HEREiN I UNCLASSIFIED H _____ _.__ ,_=,g§~i1*.~.iii3 @1953 DATE , I» __.BY 1 ~Ifr.. hf-W?/_ .Iw -' sch. '
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0 .-92- 4 -. .....-_.,-I _ n U": U I I O _ P I I --inclyicuie puqe, numé oi I I
_ newspaper, city and Inna.!I -¥ I I Pag° 3B i
_:f_-7 ______ _._Z WH___Z:I *_ _;__,3 The News and
"zril '* LIub's PFOQR ms; '
___._ -_.. O . _-~-__.."---I-=
I ALL INFORMATION CONTAINED
IZEREIN IS I-ICLASSIFIED0AIE;&Z§LBY
I-~
UUUSEQ 24119551. I -" '/'-Uii.1IJ RH,-11 4»/-7 *.'_'.1. .
I1 "; - 92
"92-
Courier
Charleston, SC
ii-
1.-1
I
Data:
Edition: Thomas R.I.*I&I'in
Author:
E lat:
T1 :
92 /:1
PHIGHLANDER[ or ' EDUCATION aD I , ESEARCH CENTER/ Classification:
1 Submitting Oiiice: Savannah I
E] Being InveuilqtudI _ __
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I 92
9 1
-
'-"Bf"92IAR.LES VésmrEsau Jenkins s oivs visitors
through the Progressive Club
Center with pride, I pride
which is best understood when
the Negro leader contrasts the
recently completed structure
with the humble origins of the
organization back in March
1948.
At that time more than 15
years ago many of the Ne-
groes were still living on plan-
tations while. others were small
farmers or sharecroppers, he
explained.
"The only organization then
was the church," the John:
isianil man said. They the
small farmers bought theirseed and fertilizer s hag at s
time. If they could poo their
money, they could buy s lot of
. seed-and s good bit of fertilizer
and save some money.
Often these people were in
trouble with the law. If they
progressed not just finan-
cially, but also spirtually and
morally and in every walk of
life -- they were not as likely
to get in trouble with the law.
And if they did get in t:rouble
for their beliefs or what they
thought, the group would be
there to help them.
This was what Esau Jenkins
had in mind when he called
eight or 10" of his neighbors
together and formed the Pro-
gressive Club. The first meeting
was devoted to examinizi the!word "progressive" an: its
meaning for the John: Island
community. I
One of the rst problems
laced by the group was the needfor literate and politically in-p
formed citizens. A l of the mem-
bers of the club either had tol
be registered voters or had to
agree to try to register if they
" ' Twlilns his I ech fla-. - = . pe
vored with rare traces of Gul-
lah, pointed out: "From the
start we stressed registration
and voting. I knew you could
get what you needed if you had
the votes. The politicians
they call them the power struc-
ture now listen to the people
"who vote. So we taught that
participation in government was.es nt '. so IIL _____ LIi. J__ , _
or ~
. r 4 ~'
...' ;___..-I
,--' "-
"Il'EIL SCHOOL. tens--|
At that time the Negro lead-
er operated a bus line to
Charleston for John's Island
Negroes. a line that once in-
cluded five buses. Seeing the
need for s citizenship school,
Jenkins began teaching his pas-
sengers on the bus, a
convenient place for meeting."
One day in mid-1948," he re-
lstes, "one lady, Alice Wine,
laid Mr. Jenkins, I cant read
these words, but as you teach,
these people I will memorize.
Not long afterwards I took themdown to register, s large géoup
of them. But I didrft o
shore to put her in the line.
as so scared thyi 'l'°92_1d cm
r not able to read. _FmallY W
pin her iiboui in the middle-
"when the lady in trout of
her was taking her test, she
rnispronouncejd 09¢ °f . tilewords, I believe it was mis-cegenation.' Alice I-lllldilll °°1"rected her, and the lady It lerregistration center told her. A11-right, no coaching. I WI! 5°surprised I didn't know what to
rdo. I
When Alice: turn came uP-they ran her on through. Yll
if they had shown her the word
rinted on a page- she wouldn'thave known what it was-
lii the years that followed, theProgressive Club held monthlymeetings - with monthly dues
of Z5 cents. That's h0W W6
found the people who needed
He went on to explain that
ple with similar diificu ties
rwere ouped togetherProlgllems began to deve1°P I
Jeiikiiu and is Pupil!
many persons needed helPust couldnt hel all of theinall Septima fgark now 5-
minted with Southern ChristianLeadership Conference! "lies
school teacher here. She as d
.me to go to Highlander Folk
11 1 'th h .1 didn't wanif wiigrssni about
|-gctor pf I-liglll-i.flCl6l! mightsble to get me some help for ill:work on the island na yo
SO
I
191'-.=-but she said Myles Horton db:l
l
t
ehelp. Wesrranlgied for them ts_come in two Eh" I eeriz-°_
Q-in-I-"'U16? saw how our boys were
mmniui of
.50
ii-QM. . at-- -7"""-§lSH'S HIGHL
"It was I two-week United
Nations workshop on school in.
ielration and human relations.
On the last day-just like at
the workshops we have here-
fhfll tamed to_us and asked:hit "9 YOU! problem?
ew the answer to that
hen my turn came I to
em. I told them we had
fnany people and not enough
time or -enough money for
teachers and no ploce to meet." _Myles ssked me: Do you
think you can get them to go
back to school? I told him that
wasnt the problem. We had
more than enough people. Mylesslaid he would see what he couldo. -
The Field Foundation gave us
I Grant for two years. The firstier we _went to Wadma-
w. Bemice Robinson was
teaching on Johns Island. Then
we set up an adult citizenshiphool on Edisto. They met '
_ church building on Wadrnala i
1 d in_a Mcenteron Edisto, .
eded a building on John's I
land." . .. _ l
And, consequently, in the mid-
fifties the Progressive Club bor.
rowed money and bought an oldschool building on the island.
After the fellows at the Pro-'
gressive Club saw how the
school house was working out-
trouhle I told7 Iiiinli -_.
' 1
0e
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