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.....ur. Ladd *1.
_ __Mr. Rosen
__._Mr. Clagg i_
-__Mr. Glavin
_ __Hr. Nichols
,___Hr. Tracy
_ __Mr. Harbo
__ _Mr. Hendon
__.Mr. Pennington
___Mr. Quinn Tamm
.m._Mr. Noose
-_~_Mr. Coyne
___,Miss Candy -
_.__Mr. Carson -
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JI_Miss Stalcup 1%
___Miss Gray E '
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____See Me 1___Records Section
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_' agitator lclnofiuj for ho noon: 15 in only
" H . godlus Columnists, stirring up trouble in
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tgh for their agent to catch up with me."
tnly Fringe Fascists Were Indicted
a discussion of the sedition case, and the reasons
t - sequent dismissal, Itoggc was asked why, lur cs-
1-5:: . :1 the crackpot fringe iaseists were indicted, while
0 - ile behind them were never curbed or indicted.
' _ question, he said, "ls a {air one, but the explana-
-,;--L :engLhy and legal.__,_,;i;Iielt that under our Gonstitutional guarantee of tree
= ~_ and press, which my aides and I wanted to observe
~.op'-alously even though we knew some notorious people
would profit by it, it would be impossible to obtain a comic-
lion 1!-at would stand up on appeal against many men and
2".- -ten who properly belonged in the net.
"we qnsidercd all of the classical denitions and legal
decisions oh irce speech. We studied Choice, Holmes, Bran-
deis, John, Stuart Mill, Jefferson and others.
"Our study showed that, at best, it would he difficult in
this countr 3' to convict anyone or sedition. under Supreme
Court rulin.85-
Thg 511-pngusl legal case, we felt, would be to proceed
u'tiihSl'. tbu who had denite connections with fascists in
other countries. With this guide, we pared the list down to
an mg 911.11 women--and indicted them for conspiracy to
commit sed iiiou-"
Describes Farcicai Sedition Trial
Rogge sz. ii this phase of the investigation proved, beyond
any doubt, that fascism is, indeed, worldwide. The 30 men
.-ind women nally indicted had links--direct contacts-with
tascists in Germany, Italy, Japan, Canada, England, South
America, Belgium and_gven in Manchulcuo where there was
communication with fascist White Russians.
The story 0'. the sedition case itself, he said, has already
been wig, The rrlal began April 17, 1940, and lasted until the
judge died eiglt months later. He was literally tall-zed to
death. During 1-tat time, the defendants and their counsel
used every delaying tactic in the law books, and many that
were not in the tomes. During the eight months, only one-
hal! the government case was presented. Of 18,000 pages of
transcript, only 1,990 consisted of evidence. The rest was
plain obstructionist nonsense. The trial had 72,000 objections
by counsel, 2,000 oi them made by Rogge and 70,000 by the
defense.
When the defendants were asked, on Dec 7 1944, it they
would consent to continuing the trial before a new judge,
Rogge recalled, only'onc, Prescott Dcrmett, agreed. The
others refused, so a mistrial was declared and a new trial
ordered.
Rogge said tlaat during the sedition trial, and while
ouraiting D new trial date, the Supreme Court handed down
several decisions in cases involving tree speech. These rul-
ings apparently convinced l.im that-under our own laws,
we were permitting fascists to undermine our government
and that we were helpless to stop them. -'
Reveals Battle of Bulge" Plan
While preparing a new trial briet tor the sedition case,
Rouge said, he had an idea which he took to Attorney Gen-
eral Francis Biddle, who then headed the Justice Dept. This
mought was siibsidiury to his activities of prusucnhir but
which later events showed might he oi great value in the
prosecution itself.
"Just he-fore the Battle nl the Blllf--lJ fUI'C hrlstmns
of 1944-! went to Attorney General Biddle. Our armies were
i.-An on the threshold of breaking the German war machine.
We were poised and were ready to go into the Reich.
"I urged him to let us assemble a large sta" of FBI agents
and trained i.nvcstigators-I proposed about 200 in all-and
let them enter Germany with the advancing U S Army to
search the Nazi records.
I was convinced that we would nd a mass of evidence
|-roving beyond any doubt the links between Ribbentrop,
Hess and Goebbels with noted pro-Nazi Axnerieans. I was _ . .
' 3150 Positive we. ' ther important iniorman.cartel ticups, Io. . .hat would be oi great use ~ _government. ' '§_/ ' _
__1Ii_:gi_: Plan bnriicred Dust ' '
1' l told Biddle uisfmuai Di this material ttll be incur-'
pornted into an cllllcial publication-~:| sort of white paper-
which would be released by the Justice Dept. Wide publicity.
1 tell, would seriously hamper any iuiure activity at thesefascist agents, it not completely destroy their eectivenm.E_-_-pg?
Nothing was ever done. '. or-,.i"When Tom Clark became Attorney General, the Idea was " _
still gathering dust." ' ' ~ L i
Asked what nally made him decide to go to Germany ' "
to search for new evidence, he said that early last Spring;
Capt Sam Harris, r member oi the U S prosecution sta at
Nuremberg, sent him a transcript of testimony by Herihert
von Strempel, First Secretary of the Nazi Embassy in Wash-'
ington up to Pearl Harbor. Von -Strempcl was one oi the
Nazi pay-oil men in this country. His transcript contained
the direct statement that he, personally, had paid $10,500,. .......;_-_.
to $15,000 _to the two editors of Scribner-s Conunr-:ntator,m'
Douglas it-1Li5_tewart and George T. Egglcston, the latter nowffr 5-eran associate editor of Reader's Digest, and that this n-ionc_v".~l'i'.was accepted by them to start a new, pro-Nazi magazine in -
this country. Ed. Note: Von Strempel's testirnory was - -- " '
printed by this weekly June 10.! '
"Clark and I had been discussing many problems concern- ~
ing the tuture ol the sedition case," Rogge said. "I -had
already received Capt Harris transcript and felt that this -
new lead, plus the possibility oi nding additional material
which would help in the Stewart and Eggleston ease, war-i
ranted a trip to Germany. -
Describes Mission to Germany " "4.
_ He said he asked for a stall of 9 and for letters to the Sec~ ~retarics oi State and War explaining his mission and asking
them to instruct their men in Germany to cooperate v.:ithpgI-g
him. He received the letters, which he wrote himself and: '-Whieb Clark signed. '
Instead of a 9-man stall, however, he was given one FBI.
agent tor 30 days he later had his services renewed for 30-
more days!, one lawyer, two stenographers and two portable -
typewriters. Thus equipped, he leit for Europe on April 4! -
and stayed 11 weeks. , Q ~ '
Rogge praised the services of Eh; lf_BI man, Paul E wrw~Ertzinger,-and-tliedawyer, Miss -Editliliowenstein. He-jsaid ' _my an it really heroic job of sifting through 450 was 1-it "J
documents and 30,000 pieces oi evidence. . L "
During that time, he said, they also had the most complete
cooperation from the Army, particularly G-2, tron: Justice . ~ .. ..
Jackson and his stall at Nuremberg, and from the State Dept. y-=;,e-.-i-,.é..
Because of this excellent assistadce, they were able to cover - - -
a tremendous amount at ground. _ 1 _ .. .
What Probing Uncovered 5 ' "
Ertzingcr and I spent most oi our time between Nurem- L, _____
berg and Camp Sibel-t, a military intelligence center at '
Oberursel, near Frankiurt. Miss Lowenstein spent the rst
8 weeks in Berlin examining documents, and then assisted
us in examining witnesses," he said.
During that time, we personally questioned 66 persons-
ranging from Goering, Ribbentrop and other Nuremberg '
defendants, to lesser but very important Nazi propaganda, "
economic and foreign olllcc olllcials.
"Our invesligviiirin convinced as that most nl the idea;
we had previously had rbout Nazi penetration under-
estimated thc scope and scale of Nazi activities in the U S.
"Must of the slalom:-nt.~: we had made about Nazi pene-
tration were undcrstatctnenis. ~ .""" "" Our investigation not only provided us with eorrobora-'tion for the evidence we hadzlready, it also furnis ed = ' .'with new evidence. q-Z - -5"?/1/J .s.- '-»
Although our primary objective was to follow certain """"""-"
leads relating to the sedition case, we encountered such a
wealth oi material that we could not help but collect some
facts which appeared to us to be pertinent to the security oithe U S, even though not directly '92.'UZlTl¬{lt.'g with qur mg-
sion."l_ I
-1 . .. -1';
_,-_ 4 ',3,t.i{'i~"~cv .nl.s l"|'sit to Son 0
7 M ll! Point. Itoncc aslcc 2 interested in
another story he had nexcr .
ll concerns a witness, he said, ".lua....._ fliertslet, a di-
rector of the German l-Jeonnniic Ministry who deserves the
additional dt'5L.r§piit'i1 at Gnerings personal emissary on
matters of extreme importance." It was §Ig_lj_t_s_let,_according
to the llorge report, who had direct contact with the_1ate
Wiilieni lhI.la92'is, the oil nrnmoter who tried to get President
Roosevelt to help the Nazis get a negotiated peace, and who
said he met secretly in Washington with John L Lewis, the
labor leader.
Hcrislct was the only witness l needed who was not in
the American zone. lie was living in the Russian zone of
Halle an der Salle near Leipzig. As our inquiry progressed,
it became apparent that l-tertslet was extremely important
to our investigation and that I would have to interrogate him
belore I left Europe. _
' ""'*"'"92' everyone in the Army and other branches of
- P1-.t the Russians were impossible.
. =Z.u -lane were uncooperative, that it was dil-
licnn. to . ..rl: with them, that etlorls to see Hcrtslet would
be wasted. -
"l didnt lmnv: if these stories were true, but I needed
.....'s£'~ts tesiiimny at-.1-decided to risk it.
Rogge and the Russian Colonel
"On Thursday morning, June 20, I left Berlin in a U S
Army automobile driven by a GI chnuor and went to Hallo
an dcr Selle.
Once there, we asked tor and received directions to the
Cornmandants headquarters. I introduced myself to the
Russian Colonel in charge and explained my mission. He
asked how I wanted to conduct the interrogation. I said I
preferred to hate Hcrtslet brought to the headquarters. I
said I preferred the hq because I welcomed the oicial sur-
roundings and its effect on the witness. He called in some
men. spoke to them in Russian, giving what t presumed
were instructions to bring Hertslet in, and invited me to
lunch. lie also arranged tor my chziufleufs lunch.
Hertslet was brought over after lunch and the interroga-
tion began. I had been advised by colleagues in Berlin that
every question and answer would have to be translated into
Russian. However, I beg.-in asking questions in German to
see what v.ould happen. Nothing happened. It was my in-
-"~*~-rvestigatiort/4 -- a~-----was-_ W- s we
Found No Soviet l'ron-Curtain
"The interrogation took place Thursday afternoon and
evening and Friday morning. 1 questioned I-Iertslet as freely
as I pleased. There was no kind or censorship or interior-
ence. '
l was invited to spend Thursday night at a Russian oili-
cers hotel, which I did, and they also provided accumula-
tions for my chauffeur. .
When it was all over, we departed amicably. In going to
Iinlte .171 dcr Salie, we did not follow any prescribed route.
We went one way and returned another.
"l ti-unrl, insofar as my investigations went, that all oi our
wartime Allies, the I1-.1s.".ians as well as the British and
French, cooperated in piacetime even as they did during
the war in the limit against iascism," he said.
Tells of l.'irrrk"s Rarrrnrr to Report
Une of the stories Ilertslet rcintvsl in ilctrlil, and which
teas vol-rnlaorntcd by minthr-r witm92.ss as well as by docu-
inunts, was the story of the 3-to-S million-rtotlnr fund which
the Nazis raised in 194-ll to defeat I:'c-sident Roosevelt. [Er].
note: This was reported Iully by this weekly Sept 9, Oct 28.]When he returned to this coullt?', Rogge said he immedi-
-ately began work on his report o the Attorney General.
' :0Cl.i0ll he wrote rst was the one dealing with IIerts-
-ccount ol the Nazi slush fund and John Lewi-*. He did
-'- re many newspapers were ma!-ing inquiries about
-ich had lcakcr"' in Nuremberg.
"~" t ' cull, rt t" arlr iii ,l92 - _
-I, 1»
former Pres Hoover, and es-Po::trna:;=ter Gen-eral James J sons who gured in Nazi discus-3 _
.~=m|:.-i oi Am could he organized against US
ilt"lltlIJI921i0l1 I oon alter the Germans invaded;
Poland. i ~ -"
"After Clark read this section, he advised me that the re-2,
P0l'1- '11l¢h UP to that time I had assumed was going to be, -
Ft--"-<39 W-blic, would be a secret document," Rogge said. 1
Nantes 23 Congressmen Who Helped Nazis "F
Rogge was askc.! which names, specically, mentioned in
the report, had the most to do with Clark: decision to make, -
the report a Justice Department top secret". He said that
he believed it was the mention of Wheeler plus 27 other;
Senators and Representatives who had been used by George 3§;.-lvesterfiviereck, the convicted Nazi agent. '
These Congressmen whom Viereck used, Rogge -. said,included: Representatives Cir»; E Homan R, hitch!, PaulWSha1'cr R, Mich!, Halgd nutson R, Minn!, Bartellji-_T_Jorlkman R, Mich!, Wm. Stllgbltn R, 111!, clin uevenhgrf: R, Ohio!, Senators Edwin C ohnson D, Col}, I! CDwor- I_
shak R, Idaho!, William._Lang5er It, N Dak!, tormer Seilatdrs ftRobert M-Lal~o1lette Jr Frog. Wise!, Robert I~.'Reynolds
D, N Cari. D Worthrtflark D, Idaho!, Henrilrhipstead I"
R, Minn!, Gerald F'I92ye R, N Daki. Wheeler and form-er r
Rcnresenta ti ves Martin L"S92veeny, Jacob-Thorkelson, George i
H-Tinkham, John G-Alexander, Philip A;-Bennett and Usher .LBurdick. _" " ' 1In a separate category headed those who collaborated »with Viereck", Roggc included former Senator Ruslt"HoltI
D, W Va!, the late Sen Ernest,-Lundeen and ex-Reps B_am- .ilton'Fish R, NY! and Stephen A-Day R. I11!. i:
How Indrrstriahsts Figured in Faring ' ;"
Rogge was asked if he believed the fact that his report .
also named such prominent industrialists as 1-t_e_nry and Fid;_f.set-Ford, James D"h-looncy of General Motors, T0rkild'1_1i:i.-, '
bcr of Texas Oil Co. Col Sosthencs'Behn 01 Int} Tel 8: Ie1,.
executives of Standard Oil Co and others had anythin _tu__fdo with his discharge. T f
He said he couldn't answer that question specically be-
cause he didn't know. He said he lclt that the important.
tactor in his dismissal was his mention of the public gllresj
like Wheeler and the other Congressmen. - l. l.
Rogge said that after Clark told him the report was to berga department secret, he still made eorts to have C,lark!*'?'clwm='e is mud. " or r s rs" c so at-- F
I maintained that the report should be made public In
the interest ot the future security ot the nation," Rogge said. -
"I was willing to make concessions, and I did make eonces- .sions, I rewrote the portion of the report in which Davisnamed the Americans he said gured in Nazi discussions} and <deleted those names." _
The Stewart & Eggleston Case -' -
At about this same time, Rogge said, he also told Ctlark
that there was sullicient. evidence to proceed against Stewart:and Egeteston, and asked him to authorize a grand juryj
investigation of the case. As required by Department mles,;
he submitted a letter to Clark, asking that his aide, ll.a_y_-}
monri W'Ickes, and himself be permitted to call a grand ;juryE
and try to secure a perjury indictment against the pair. Al-';_though one oi Clark's aides told him the autlioriratirn wouldbe signed, it never was urinrr Roger-s stay in tl;r1'l<>-',partmvrll. baa "_§"$; I £1 1' 2 I
"Up to the -lay of lny dismissal, I awaited that auttiorxzre-.tion. Alter I left the departnient, I believed the east: would,
be allowed to run into Dereinbcr, when the Statute at lirnl-I
tations would prevent any prosecution. 1 was plrtnsantly
surprised, therefore, late in November, to learn that 9t'_I"-tr art was indicted, although Eggleston was nett; n§me.;l.'! EDuring the period 0! controversy within c epafttn onover publication of the report, part ol its. co_3"""""'§
"leaked". Asked to comment on this, Rogge Bil-.
recalled being queried by some Washington re;wort£r$_BP'- _3 » iled store ma week] carried in s- -e I "heir_ __? _ ______________i_ ' ~-__ ' -":._t?vW _ _n_igtj1ng _in___ __92i_:f92_,__,_ _,_____ p 7' _3 _ g __ _A1'_ -
r92 ' /'.92 '
plate verbatim excerpts from the "top ' "P°Tl-
Wliile the furor over the "ltZ!ks" still I--. -J Pt-3"-°n Pub
ucly told Clark that, 1; 1,9 wnnld l:llt':t'li. the records of his
'-v.'n olce. he would nd that one 0! the highly-prized cop-
5+-s had lett the Attorney Gcnerals inner sanctum Rgge
~.ild he knew a copy had left the Atty Generals oliice, but
id not believe this Q0113 was the source of Peat'sons verba-
J31 excerpts. Pressed tor an answer, Rogge said that he oiten
t-.-isherl he knew the source ol Pearson's information.
Alter the report became general knowledge. even though
it hadn't yet been oicially released, I tell there no lens?!
was much need ior secrecy," Rogge said. Accordingly, I
;,g1;¢;l£or, and received, a leave oi absence irorn the De-
-artmenl for the purpose or making speeches on the sub-
ject oi fascism.
Clark Asked for Clean Bill
"On October 2i. the day before I made what turned out to
be e widely publicized speech at Stvarthmorc College, I met
with Clark, told him that I had already made some speeches
on the subject of international fascism and Nazi penetration
in the US and advised him that I would discuss the sub-
jQ¢t in detail during my speaking tour.
"rte said lo me:
;Will you say that the Department of Justice has not
restrained you in any way? '
"I assumed he was subtly saying Go ahead and tell all.
l can't give you otlicial sanction, but the story should be told
and it's OK with me. I assured him I would tell my audi-
ences that I had not been restrained.
On October 22, I made my Swarthmore speech and men-
tioned the name oi livheeler, along with other public officials
whose names I had originally deleted from my report in my
eorts to compromise. ,
On October 2-1, Wheeler visited the White House and
spoke with President Truman. 'f Imcnt and. in October. Drew-tPearsor 6 rtllllll-I118 Wm "I do not know tvh. _ iscusseti. I do know thrt I was
summarily red the Ion ,4 day," ltogge said. _ . .
, . - .Iuigge s lersum oj Controversy '
Clark's letter dismissing Rogge made reference to the fuel.
tllat he had given to newspaperrnen verbatim excerpts from
the report and, particularly, that by making W5 §Pe¢¢h,
Rogge had broken a pledge not to use any ot the material
in his report. ~
In an answer to Clark, which he mailed to the Attom_BY
General alter his return Irom the speaking tour, R0888 831,3!
In your letter, you say that on the day before my $lJ¢?¢h"
at Swartltmore I told you that I had no intention of usmg
the text or substance of my report in that speech and that
it would be highly unethical to do so. I deny categorically
that I made any such statement to you at that time or at any
other time." 1 L,
Rogge said that although Ton;;,C1ar];__signed the letter
which terminated his servicesflie diitot believe he em 1:
of his own volition but that he was ordered to take that curt,
abrupt action.
"I believe that Tom Clark meant what hesaid on October
21, when he asked me to say that I had not been restrained
in any way," Bo-gge said.-1.
Asked what his plans were, Rogge replied: ' 3
I, of course, shall continue to tell the truth BI.
menace of tascism. I shall continue to name the
not only ot the fringe fascists who do the bidding, '...- .the important men who pull the strings. ' '
I am convinced that this country has a crying need tor
tewer politicians and more statesmen.
"I still have faith in my countrymen. Given the facts, I am
condent they will act properly."
In next week's IN FACT, Rogge describes his Blueprint
for American Fascism." In this exclusive interview, he as-
sesses his nation-wide speaking tour. discusses the.{ --~_-sq:threat to democracy. and otters a specic program to c, abetthe menace.! : . * ' ' ' 2....» < . geear 1 '- <1»,_ __... _ _
Bound Volumes oi IN FACT
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organizations and individuals who value the facts and docu-
mentation in In Facr, we have been publishing a
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1946. Reservations may be made tor future issues.
Lords oi the Press
William I-I Adams, jr, book reviewer of the Lynchburg
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'.'u-..;1=.-ssivc accused "blushing hook critics" of being "mum
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lob"; Walter Winchell wrote: "By"ail means read it." Wil-
liam L White in the New Republic called it the most im-
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j _ Sincerely yours,
John Edgar Hoover
- _ Director ' -'
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T0 = The Director DATE: 1-2-6'7
K910" = Hr. D. 1.2. 1-add -9usjscr o John noose ;__ ,5 S : _Articles entitled sssdom so TC eAppearing in the Philadelphia Inq rer, 'December 23, 21. and £55, lg! -~ e i 5;! t e articles written byPursuant to your r Que0. John Rogge, former Special Assist nt to thevkttorney General, have i t oints in each together withbeen reviewed and a summary oi the sal en pappropriate comment is set out below. The original articles clipped from
~ the Philadelphia mquirer are attached hereto.,/
92I. GThe first article dated December 23, 1946, starts off with an'the articles as "uncensored" and states that the
introduction describingmaterial is "drawn from the famous Rogge Report on Nazi activities in this-country and which is still being suppressed in Washington. It also containsort has been withheld becauseno-. Tnison 1/l7- 92.. A. 1'i5" ""E
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t t "Ur Rogge has charged that the rep ear from the ,. the eta emen , . . .llaborated with the Nazis. As will appit names Americans who co .th re is very little information contained inmore detailed analysis below, e ' the De artment of Justice and to lir.the articles which was not known to p' ' h charge that the report has beenpersonally prior to his trip to Germany. . e t ed Nazi collaborators will be dealt with below. SuificelROSE?
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withheld because i nan ~to name any persons who have not previous 3'it to say that it does not appear
been similarly named. _. You will recall that I directed a memorandum to you under date oi = 6 a. tinned Joseph F-. Eclfilliams, et al, Sedition, settingEdithDecember 1,, 191+ , C? , ntained in a memorandum written by hiss _ out s summery of information co . , the De ertment of Justice, who was in Roggews
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. pa y_I e s that the Lwenstein memorandum wasBerlin. It, pp armaterial in the articles in the Philadelphia Inquirer,
The headline on the first article r
Plan to gaié-1:-Nazi Agents in.-U.S."
.>.192I¬L'-Y P .J ".'1"}'H FY51 -92Rogge states, "Hitherto undisclosed is the fact that our Army anti; A 4 won The F131 got out -oiLonensteih, a special attorney in p rt in Germany and who reviewed the documents of the German Foreign Oifice in the basis for some of the =92
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hed in Germany some months ago. The my . t I the Abwehsthat no may never learn the identi y o' agents and what has become of them." He then points out the possibi1.i¢-if,»-. liltf.. Ululn. U!-14. .| I
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the some "foreign power" could "take over an entire spy net in the United -
States By virtue of having seized the records of the German operations in
the United States. He concludes his reference to this "row" by saying, "The
FBI should have been allowed to gather information about this. J. Edgar -
Hoover did send agents to Europe but the Army balked at admitting enough
to do a reel job. Hence the FBI was forced to withdraw its personnel and
we may have botched a chance which will never come againfi
The facts were that the FBI had in September of 1945, seventeen agents
assigned as Army liaison men at Germany, Austria and France. On august 25,1945 and without prior consultation with the Bureau, a letter was sent out -
to the various theatre commands by the War Department informing these commends
that FBI personnel attached to them were serving in strictly liaison capacity
and did not haveiany authority to handle investigations independently. when
General Ednin_L;fSeibert, who was in charge of intelligence, United States.
Forces, European Theatre, received his comunication, he informed the FBI
men in Europe that in his opinion their staff there oQul§_§e_reduged totwo agents,Since it uas manifestly impossible to function with such E'
d?aéti6al1r reduced staff, the Bureau took the alternative and withdrew '
entirely from the European Theatre. Prior to the Lureau92s withdrawal there
was considerable discussion with Army authorities in Europe and the Bureauwas informed that General Seibert's recommendation carried the approval of
General Dwightfisenhoner. You will recall, however, that General Eisenhower
denied any knowledge of General Seibert's action when you discussed the .
matter with him. >
A memorandum dated October 17, 1945, directed to the
advised him of the decision to withdraw FBI men from Europe
background of the situation which lead up to this decision.
of the uncompleted work that the Bureau was carnying on andcentering in the Western Hemisphere. The memorandum to the Attorney General
stated that, "The FBI considers this action on the part of the Army
authorities is most ill-advised. It is obvious that considerable informationof valuedgffecting the security of the Western Hemisphere will be lost." Itis logic '-to assume that mr. Rogge had access to and noted the contents of
this me morandum.Attorney Genera1'
and gave him the
He was informed
affecting matters
1- or 1' Iflg1_-1E~3sA1"I§;tJ_s 029352-21 rJPI*_;ij;}Il0N_E»__ in TED sorts
V 92- ..JG1R§p says, aerndisevius, an Abnshr mentor who was involved in *.the abortive attempt on Hitler's life in July, 1944, told me a man namedggDu terberg of the sabotage division could tell us about payments made ta;
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c Ihe bureau files show that Georguesterberg was chief of the -FinanceDivision of the Abxnhr from 1941 t0'194L. It is, therefore,rather obvious that he would have been responsible for making paymentsto all of the agents of the Abwehr wherever located, and it is highlyunlikely that he would have personal recollections of the details ofpayments made. No such iniormation appears in the report of the92interronation of Georg Duesterberg which was made available by G-2 atU
Frankfort, Germamr, under date of August 30, 1945- . '
R sa's "rwinxéahousen Head of Abwehr's sabotage section,ogge -1' 1 _4__" ___ _ 1said We had agents in North and South America, but in order to find out* ewho they were you would have to speak to Gruppenleiter West of UeoerseH n'thin that grouo to the men who directed the agents and knew their J
an- 1 ,,names. I did not know the actual names of agents. I only knew them by
cover names or numbers.'"If Lahousen actually made these statements they are inconsistent ~with his sworn testimony given at the Nuremberg trials, At that time he h' ' t c r Pram in the United indicated his disappointment in the Abwehr's sabo age p OqStates and stated that all of the acts of sabotage in the United States"personally ordered by Hitler had failed due to th activity UL the FBI."92.
' Hogge continues, "Lahousen said a%?iekenbrock, now a hussianrisoner headed Abuehr espionage and information and had vseveral peopleP .'n the United States some of whom had risen quite high. lahousen knew1
that personnel only by such cover names as Inpfelbauml apple tree! and _
'Birnbaun' pear tree!."
As for Lahousen's knowledge of espionage activities, it shouldbe recalled that a lively rivalry and even jealousy existed between thed d the Lsoionage Division, Sabotage Division, of which Lahousen was hca , an ., _of which Piekenbrock was head prior to 1943. The names "apfelbaum" and""rnbaum" referred to may have been selected at random to serve as
01illustrations only. They do .ot appear to be the cover names of any knownrtant a ent in South agents infthé United Statgjégéa very active andwimpo gAmerica Albert Juliusdto _ ppen, was known as xnpigl". He was the leader
II the most extensive sabotage ring in bouth America, but was never in the
O1 united States. He was detained in 1945 by Chilean authorities at which timehe adm_j%i his identity, .
as 11¢:<1~_hemeI~uewe;I.Q1@ Pan £1_ Ragga says, "German foreign office iilos disclosed a 'disruptiodand disintegration plan Storungs und Ze setsungsplan! for the United "Statcs; 1t was the brain child of Ernestgdchmitz who had headed the GermanRailroads Information Office in New York City." 1
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QHe then discusses the details of the broad propaganda campaign 'outlinfp presumably on the records of the German Foreign Office. Thernomorandnijm hiss Lowenstein, which is referred to above, contained thisinformation. In essence there is nothing startling about the plan exceptperhaps its dramatic title and as Rogge hims lfe says in concluding hisreference to it, the plan never "really got into its stride".
Ernst Rudo1f§§chmitz was the subject of an exten i bt:* ' s ve investigation y le Iureau, he lived-in the United States from 1909 to 1941 except forirequent trips to Germany. He registered as a German alien in December of19&O and on July 10, 1941 left the United States in the company of theGerman diplomatic 01f i l1C a s. He registered the German Railroads Informa-tion Office as the agent of a foreign r' 'p inciple on December 6, 1938.
You will recall that the German Railroads information Officepurported to be a propaganda agency primarily engaged in furthering travelin Germany although it continued to operate ftpa er the outbreak of war inEurope and made such a function superfluous. It only stopped its propagandizingwhen requested to do so by the State Lepartment in June of 1941. Therecertainly is nothing new in the revelation that Schmitz was a Nazi propagandistalthough Rogge's reference to several specific incidents of propaganda .originathqgnith Schmitz may or may not be the result of his trip to Germany.
92 /nniircere reeves - e
Rogge says, "One of the_most startling docuents in the Germanfiles is a coded telegram sent Ea 92- - y 13, 1941, by Hansforchers, then ConsulGeneral in New York. It explains that onqjhpinteri was relaying informationfrom a Mrs. H. who, at a dinner party in Washi t. ng on, sat between a highranking American General 'and a member of the Government, and the possibilitiesof war in Europe were discussed and both stated that it was definite thatGreenland, Iceland and the Azores should be used as bases for troops in Aorder to facilitate invasion of Norway, Northern France, Spain and Portugal.There is no explanation of the identity of Hrs. H. Certainly she was R911-placed in Washington society to be seated between a high Government officialand one of our t ' r kifpp_ an ng generals. Certainly she was well known in Berlinsince no furthe identification was consider d e necessary in the wire." .
"Dinter"his disclosed in the Bureau files to be an alias used by_i1brecht Archibs1dDou:las and also by his-wife, Freda 'hai" - ' . She H36 admitted ,1 noegsr1@d&..£!.e.I!1e..F!Inn*:.erH_to..secve.ralaletters. She was in we? Y5'T<r while Eorchdfs was consul in New york. She was at least well enough placed pin society to have had a fr end, hrs. H., who night have relayed the informa~ "tion refer d to F da¥@i. re , ouglas is new in Argentina. She norked as an 1informant f the_Bureau until'June of 1946 = 'T _ , _ _p__,_, __,__,;l_. 1:, ,4 K ' _¢f,_" ,1;-1» -1» /I '_ Q! '* ' '
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"-'Rogge points out that "Dinter, whoever he is" was listed as a
V-an in the files of the German Foreign Qffice. He states that _
Vertrauenmaenner and Vertrauenslsute were confidential agents of the
Embassy and were distinct from the Abwehr agents. Usually citizens of
the United States, they worked in propaganda, sampling public opinion,
and in intelligence,"
The Bureau files reflect that the term "VEann , "Vauann",
"V1oute" and "V-Personen", were terms which were frequently used inreferring to agents both in and out of the Abnehr. As for their being
usually citizens, this naturally followed after the declaration of war
when aliens were subject to apprehension on less substantial grounds.
The information concerning Yemen is all set out in the Louenstein report
and does not seem to add any particular substance to information already
in the Bureau files.
l -a ,5} -c FAJiB§T>is1iLl ERQPKGEEDK
Rogge refers to the use of I. C. Farben as a Nazi propaganda
medium. He says, "Hudolphjhahn, for a while German Ambassador to Italy,
told me the firm was at the service of all Government departments."
This rather general statement conforms with the widespread suspicion of
all intelligence agencies in the United States. Rogge refers to the
connection between I. G. Farben and the Vereinigung Carl Schurz, formerlyconnected with the Carl Schurz Memorial Foundation in the United States". *
The Bureau files indicate that the Carl Schurz Memorial Foundation
went to particular pains to disassociate itself with the Nazi Government in
Germany early in the War and it is not suggested that any really sinister
activity was carried out by this association. - .
Rogge concludes his first installment with a general statement
that the Nazis were disappointed with the assistance which they receivedfrom Ge§m5n=Americans in the United States, a fact which mght very well
have been stated by any person who had followed the conduct of the war.
II. -
;q'-5The headline of RoggeIs second article reads "Flood of Nazi , =Go_ was Poured Into U.S. to Inflame Hatreds." This article is principailyco erned with the activities of George Sylvestergiereck, the notorious ,"Ge' an propaganda agent who was convicted of viola ing the Registration'Act1
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and w was named as one of the defendants in the mass sedition prosecution.%You will recall that Rogge had ample opportunity to become familiar with thedetails o iereck's operations through his handling of the second presentation"to the Grand Jury of the mass sedition case. The preponderance of the materiawhich appears in this article was drawn from the Departmental files on the f}sedition case rather than from any experience Rogge had in Germany.
}ra2.I gitorsqrmm __F;m.=".;_s__ 4
Ro e says "5e"inning about that time 938! Foreign Office88records disclose transmission of Large sums of money, most of at labeledrsecret,' to the Embassy in Washington and to several consulates..... Atthe time'of Pearl Harbor the Emb2;§y'had more than $3,650,000 in U. S.currency..... Baron Heribert*§o Strempel, Political and press attache atthe Embassy, told me that in 1940 and 1941 he personal1y_paid out about$750,000 for propaganda." This admission by von Strempel confirms wellfounded suspicions on the part of the B .eau. Von Strempel' payments toseveral propagandists including Lawrenc:§§ennis, Douglas H.¥§tewart andGeorge T¢§Egglston of§Lake Qeneva Publications, Inc. were practically acertaintyalthough the admissible evidence of such payments was not availableuntil von Strempe1's interview in Germany. His presence in the United Statest the resent time is primarily for the purpose of testifying with regard 3 P : _to his payments to Stewart and Egglston. The statement of Rogge is misleading' 1 s to whatever extent it conveys the impression that von Strempel s ro e apeymaster was unknown prior to his interview in Germany. Rogge himselfconducted an interrogation of Lawrence Dennis on October 22, 1943 in aneffort to obtain an admission of this fact from him, and the mysteriousgifts which Douglas X. Stewart described before the Grand Jury long beforeRogge went to Germany were believed to have originated with won Strempel.
KurtySell, representative of the DNE in the United States, toldF51 agents before the end of the war that he estimated the propaganda fundretained at the Embassy in Washington, D. C. to amount to approximately
$2,000,000. ',_ _ H_ -
ii /I/1*"-J/'1.1-Ros§_Cl_P,.¬_~.».,Rogge says, "What may have been one cf the cleverest of Ribbentroptricks is based on a letter, dated Auggst 31 lQ§8, which we found among themore important Foreign Office files. Written by Colin Ross, h.propagandist,
it eugget to Ribbentropg .'s
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" third term, would be willing to go to war.'"
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l - - Alli. . _ ipay. ts were reported by Yiereckin_hisQstatement§_£endered as agent. of -a f ei n_p;;§§ip§l_ungej1the_hegi§trationgct. Payments"madefhy"Vi§reck lto 'rious persons for propaanda were exposed in great number in the courseof the several prosecutions. Viereck individually and as one of the largegroup_3T§editionists was first prosecuted by hilliam Powers Maloney and laterby Hogge himself. Rogge says, "In retrospect it is strange that we could havebeen iooled by Viereck." It might be stated that it is equally strange thathe could make such a remark when h himself had participated in extensive
.-Q.-e..-e--1.-w92-' investigation based upon the moral certainty that Viereck was acting as apropsgandist long before Rogge ever took his German junket '
',. Roggeis final article, bears the headline "Strassburger Linked _To!hazi White Book." He gives a buildup to the story of Ralph BeaverStrassburge¥ and the publication of the Third German White Book in 1940for the purpose of introducing a story which he claims he got from HansThomson, former Charge d'Affaires of the German Embassy in Washington,explaining Strassburgerls apparent loyalty to Germany. The Thomson storyis quite an anticlimax to the buildup which Rogge has given it. It simplyamounts to saying that Strassburger had a feeling of gratitude toward theNazis in Germany for having aided him in getting his racing stable out of
occupied France. _ _
. The Bureau files show that Strassburger had vastly more substantialreasons for this gratitude. The Bureau sources have estimated that he hadholdings in Franco valued at over $2,000,000. r. Ernst§Asch, e New Yorkattorney who represented a German firm claiming over $130,000 againstStrassburger's business, advised Bureau Agents that this large claim was :settled for £20,000 when pressure was brought to bear on his clients inGermany by the Nazi Government on Strassb1ir;?9r92f,s lzgehailfr _ _. _ _ - ._ ,- I ¢ I fr " 1 "1 - ,| . - 92 ..._ . I .
To the extent that Rogge gives the impression that the story of5trassburger's connection with the German White Book was unearthed whilehe was in Germany, it is false. Strassourger was one of the defendantsin the prosecution known as the mass sedition prosecution, first handledhy'William Powers Ealoney and later by hogge himself, in which his connectionwith thelberman White Book was the principal basis for his inclusion astasubject. This information was also aired in the prosecution of hanfredfiapp.of the Interocean News Service on charges of violating the Registration Actprior to the entrance of th Uited States into the war. let, Hogge can say,"5trassburger's connection with the Third hhitc Book on Poland is little known."
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Roggc describes at some length the use of Congressional franksitob adcast Nazi propaganda making particular reference to Senator Ernesttiundeenandsievmer Senator Rush DkHolt, and Representatives Stephen Aelhay and-'- :5.
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Information in the Bureau files confirms the fact that on the. 1
date'referred to Qglin Ros§mhag;not yet arrivedminmtheypnited States. Hearrive3 3re"UEtober 25, l9§§. s"5ess§5ee1y visitednthe United States in1934. His activities as a'propagandist were widely publicized by the Dies
Committee in 1940. Ross was not in the United States after he left for
Yokohama on March 17, 1939.
§§9395 51LIE3T5Ri§IEREC§ie§°Pma"X1§,Fumbifee ?£9R§Ea"di5E .
Rogge says, "Viereck, Germanborn American citizen, now languishesin jail for violating the Foreign Agents Registration Act. but in the yearsprior to our entry into World War II and in the comparable period of the First
World War he was921nquestionably Germany's No. 1 propagandist in the United
States," Rogge then lists a series of Viereck's "accomplishments". Heoperated the German Library of Information and was the editor-inchief of
"Facts in Review". He was "underneath" the founder of the Make Europe Pay
tar Debts Committee,."one of the smartest German schemes to embarrass the
Allies" and also created the Islands for War Debt Defense Committee, "evenshresder propaganda". He operated Flanders Hall said by Rogge to have been
described as "our secret publishing house". He "manipulated United StatesSenators and Representatives", utilizing the Congressional Record and mail
franking privileges. He financed antiewar advertising by isolationist
groups. ' .
Rogge goes into some detail describing the activities of Flanders
Pall as a subtle propaganda agency and points out Viereck's effectiveness _in building up mailing lists for propaganda purposes. It can be generally ' -
stated that all of the material in this article in this connection was fully
known to the Department of Justice before Rogge rent to Europe and undoubtedlycame to Roggels attention through his handling of the mass sedition prosecution
rather than through a visit to Germany. By referring to his trip to Germany
he seems to desire to give the impression that he is disclosing new material
while as a matter of fact he is relating a story which has been a matter of
public record for several years.
' for instance, he refers to Viereck's "secret" connection withrake Europe Pay Tar Debts Committee and Islands for War Debt Defense Comttee the latter name being the second name ior the first group}. As a matter of
iact Viereck's connection with these groups was the very fact which brought
about his prosecution and indictment in l9Al, when it was shown that he hadfailed:§U*disclose this relationship when filing under the Registration Act. I _ . rl , |?._r!.h *'=~._g- -,_?. _'-;:¬;~." _. 1._~;.T_j-, SK on rm: rg.-1,z1__oP.t92g,.g'B;.IN M '_ U / H .9 J A '/
D hogge sets out a summary of payments made to Viereck by the German _
Foreignseifice. The amounts are fairly largo although they are not greatly -$9
in excess of that which was azspected. As a matter oi fact many of these
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_ __- ._ _ V ._ -Ham tonyrish, Jr. This material was not only made public during themas _sedition prosecution, but was also given wide publicity in the bookanti led,'Blackmail"by Henrphoke, which was published in July, 1944..' "'92I=I!=' _ ,/' .3-92 I -' , suPPRr.ssI0N___oF THE noose Reeomg .. '
Rogge states that his report has been suppressed by the Attorney General because it "contains the names of twentyhfour present and former members of Congress, who either worked directly with George bylvester Viereck or were his dupes." He then lists the four Representatives and Senatorsmentioned above, but iails to mention any more.A careful analysis of the use of Iranking privileges for the purpose oi dissemanating Nazi propaganda was made by the Washington Field Office and has presented to the Grand Jury in 1941 in the mass sedition case. Thisanalysis is reprinted on pages 33, 34, and 35 of E1ackma'l ' the names of fifteen Congressmen whin this abl1 and contains o could be said t 1se of the frank. Thothers. o have been involved e text of the hock makes referenc
e to severalIlQG§;'_1' S R53C ""-"
'0~ F1?»6/ 'lttachment_ _: t
In his concludin* artmakes "b icle Rogge lists four recommendations he as a result o1'what my investigation disclosed "
. These are; i "1. A restriction of the Congressional franking privilege.2. An amended sedition statute. ~3. Compulsory registration of all propagandists and periodic~ Justice Department reports on propaganda material to theAmerican people. -4. Intensive study of hundreds of tons of German docuneaccessible."
nts now -
His suggestions ibr amending the sedit' vague and are apparently s 'be r Yion statutes are v umned up in his thi d egistered which see9*? r suggestion that propagandists ms to be largely covered by the Voorhis Act, although it does appear that he would have the provisions of the act broadened to include any and all persons issuing propaganda. Hestate the terms in which suchin th makes no eiibrt t a statute could b is connection tooe framed. It is interesting point out that the report of hiss Edith Lowenstein, ' referred to at the beginning of this memorandum, contai ¬ effect thaihe Registration1imitin= th ned a statement to' 'Act had apparently been eficacious in -" f o propaganda activity of tho foreign agents.
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"- Herewith. is the rst of three uncensored articles by O. John -I-Rouge, former special assistant to the U. S. Attorney General, l 'drawn 1|-om the famous Rowe Report on Nazi activities in this P/country and which is still being suppressed in Washington. Ousted from his iob because he revealed certain facts from his report in a Sioorthmore College speech, Mr. Eogge has charaed ,that the report has been withheld because it names Americans 92 '
who collaborated with the Nazis.! ' . ~ By O. John Rogge h
Former Special Assistant to the U. S. Attorney Generalmien-ro undisclosed is the tact that our Army and the FBI .H clashed in Germany some months ago. The Army won. The. 'FBI got out oi Europe-and the result ts that we may neverlearn the identity oi-the Abwgehrs American agents and what has lbecorne oi them. . 1The iibwehr was the German military intelligence, espionageland sabotage unit headed during the war by Admiral WilhelmCanaris. 1 learned in Germany that the Russians had seized most 'oi the key Abwehr people, including the heads of intelligence and.counter-intelligence. .It the Russians havelearned or can learn from their prisoners 1the names and addresses of the agents in this country, the lnior-pnation may be valuable to them. The professional spy usually l,
works tor whoever pays him. . ,_' I I I 1¢
EANWHILE we do not have the iniormation about these 313105. IThus it becomes possible ior a toreign power to take over antientire spy net inthe United States while ere remain in eom- 1plate ignorance. ~ ;Our Anny knows much about the Abwebr, but not about thesel 92things. I know what material it collected; I had access to it at
Nuremberg and at Camp Seibert near Frankfort-am-Main.The FBI should have been allowed to gather information about
balked at admitting enough to do a real job. Hence the FBI wasiorced to withdraw its personnel and we may have botched a chance .3which will never come again. ' '- yI U I
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_e>__ 7 7_ ._'i _ 'RERND GISEVIUS. an Abwehr member who was involved in the it
bortive attempt on Hitler's llie in July, 1944, told rue a man
named Duesterberg of the sabotage division could tell us about; 1
payments made to agents in this country. We could not locate hint,
I don't know whether the Russians have him. t__..._-..-- 1 -
Erwin Lahousen, head oi! Abwei1r's sabotage section, said we;
had agents in North and South America, but in order to iind out, _
who they were you would have to speak to Gruppenleiter West of -
Uebersee and, within that group, to the men who directed thei
agents and knew their names. I did not know the actual names
oi agents. I only knew them by cover names'or numbers. i
' Lahousen said a Piekenbroelg, now a Russian prisoner. headed I
Abwehr espionage and iniormation and had "several people in the
United States. some or whom had risen quite high. Lahousen knew
that personnel only by such cover names as Apie1baurn" apple I
tree! and "Birnbaum" pear tree!.
ERMAN foreign office les disclosed a disruption and dis-G integration plan Storungs und Z-er_set-sungsplanl tor the
United States. It was the brain child of Ernest Schrnitz who
had headed the German Railroads Inionnation Olce in New York 'City. - ' - ' 1
His idea was to bombard this Nation with radio propaganda. .-
letters, reports and telegrams, all liberally interwoven with rumors 92"
and defamation. Such communications, Schmits explained, should
be fashioned for American mentality. p; He told the Foreign Office we were greedy. senssltionalists. un-
disciplined, inclined to gossip and rumors. and chattery. He said ,
our people were crazy over confidential iniorrnation"--what we,-
vvouid call inside stu'_'and he named Walter Winchell as the
symbol of the qualities he attributed to us.
I I I
Cl-IMITZ argued that rumors planted in private communications?
to this country would be bound to spread. In the German tiles
we round some examples oi what he considered good technique.
There was a photo-montage 0! a head oi Roosevelt on the body oi,
the King of England with the caption Franklin I, Rex Irnperator."
Typical oi many sample articles was one titled "Roosevelt Misuses
the Pope to Cloak His lmperlalistic Tendencies and to Protect Jew-
ish Penetration oi South America. i;
Bchmitz claimed authorship of a piece oi "atrocity propaganda
he said he planted at the American Legion Convention of 1940. It _=
was titled France Threatens to Destroy the Bones oi American,Soldier Heroes in Their Graves Unless Large Dollar Amounts Sh.all92
Be Sent to France for the Upkeep oi the Cemeteries." 1
The Foreign Oice okayed disruption and disintegration and,,
ordered it put into operation. However, the attack on Pearl Harbor
occurred beiore it really got into its stride, - i
I I I Q
NE of the most startling documents in the German ies is a coded
telegram sent May 13,1941 by Hans Borchers, then Consul Gen- l-Q
eral in New York. ' - Y '
It explains that one Dinter was relaying information from a i
Mrs. I-I. who, at a dinner party in Washington, sat between a high
ranking American General "and a member of the Government, and
the possibilities of war in Europe were discussed and both statedthat it was definite that Greenland, Iceland and the Azores should L
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to facilitate invasion at Norway,
Northem'1*rance, Spain and Por-
t tugal.
ii There is no explanation of the
ildenllty of Mrs. H. Certainly she
was well-placed in Washington 50-
eiely to be seated between a highit Government oltflal and one of our
top ranking generals. Certainly she
_wa.< well known in Berlin since noI luriller identication was considered
necessary in the wire. i
I I I
T IS a jolt to learn that loose talk
was going on at a dinner at a
time when plans ijor landing troops
in those three places were probably
under way. On July l, less than two
amonths later, our Marines occupied
:Iceland. That summer we put par-1
Lies ashore in Greenland to run down
.German agents who had established,
weather stations. Only alter the
war did the public learn that at that
time we had a major Azores expedi-
tne92'or lnatwlaliiicd. .-
i Yet in advance of ny actions. a
par .
Dinter, 92'I'lDE92-Bl he ls. was listed in
the German Foreign Olllce flies as a
V-Man, The Vortrauenrnaenner and
Verttauensleule lknown for short as
V-Mcnl were condential agents oi
i the Embassy here and distinct Iron:
the Abwehr aaenls. .
1 Usually citizens of the United
l$tates, they worlted in progaganda.
..-zampling public opinion. and in in-1
teiligcnce. All were considered eom- L
pleiely sympathetic to the Nazi
icause. We local ed only a lee: names
lwhile I was in Germany. Most of the
lilies were destroyed. - i
I I I
I WONDER. ll the American rms
which operated in cartel double-i
harness with I. G. Farben. the
powerful industrial combine. real-
ized I. G. was freely used by the
Nazis as a propaganda medium. Ru-92
dolph Rahn, [or a while German
Ambassador to Italy. told -me the
rm was at the service of all Gov-N
ernment departments. -itlon in preparation. a project which 5
Pl |
56ers-nan agent was able to pick upthe tip at a Washington dlnncrii
L! i. :- .,'92 _ _ .. _::,d:'.":::'.'_
_ ' Press rellorta regarding decision
Carl Bchurz-Memorial Foundation
true. Secretary of Society Thomas
called me and informed me in con-
identtal conversation that the de-
=cislon to dissociate publlcly- from
iNatlonal Socialism had been forced
iby Minister of Interior Icltee who
had requested Thomas to visit him
and had threatened him with with-
drawal or permission to use Phila-
delphia Customs House as museum
ilor Gernlan-American culture and
with prevention ol all its work la
understand the emereencfv situation
land expressed hope for future col-
ii laboration alter the war." I I I
ONE thing is certain from the Hor-
elgn Oice les. Aside lrom a
relative low, Americans oi German i
descent were entirely loyal to this
country. They were wholly out all
sympathy with the Nazi regime. i
The Nazis expected considerable
assistance from German-Americansin the United Slates. Many repre-isehtatlves were dispatched here and M
the German-Americans were be-i
labored with literature. speeches}
and lms. It won became obvious
ithat the campaign ol "once a Orr-
iman. always a German was not
making the expected headway. As a result the files are replete with
statements berating these American
citizens as having loraotten their.
true loyalties.
Continued Tomon-ow!
'roaromtow= Mr. atom re-
Ieals how Naei For-ei:r: Minister -
you Rlohentrop and George Syl- .
vester Viereck spread Hitler:the future . . . Thomas asked me tot.1o
i
poison in the United States.
l", G. directed the Vnrelnigung Carl ii iSchnrz. l'ormcrly connected with i ~
the Carl Schurr. Memorial Founda-
tion in the United States: The
Foundation sew red the tie in 1940.;
in tin; Fol'ei :h Olllce files we found
,1 tell-l;rn|n on that subject. with ll
'Plllll'ldl'l]92ll1l1 twist. From the Em- i_{
bassy here. it said'~ - 92- _;1_i,U§;_;T'3_--1 '- 'Y - .
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Flood of Nazi Gold
Was Poured Into U. S. .92
To Inflame Hatreds 'i
1
Second of a Series
By O. John Roggo 'W HENEVER Nazi propaganda is mentioned Americans thinki
Y: of Joseph Goebbels. However, I discovered in German
that two other men were far more active and importantin spreading 1-Iitlers poison here--Foreign Minister Joachim won
Ribbentrop and George Sylvester Viereclc. -Rlbbentrop was a frustrated propagandist who engaged in-n bitter internal light in highest Nazi circles with Goebbels. In
the end Ribbentrop managed to win considerable control over
Iorelgn propaganda.ii you search the major policy flies oi the German Foreign
Office, as we did, you will discover an odd thing. The material doesnot deal with such matters as treaties. Instead prime importance lis held by dissertations on the most eiiective means of propagandiz- 1ing abroad for Germany. Rlbbentrop believed no orthodox methodof negotiation was as successful as spreading fear of Germany and
a distrust oi each other among other Powers.Perhaps this policy comes easily to a totalitarian state. The,
Communists appear to have adopted the line.
As early as April, 1938. the German Foreign Office, anticipatingwar, notified all diplomatic representatives and various consulsgeneral to increase propaganda and intelligence activity. Begin-ning about that time Foreign Office records disclose transmissionof large sums oi money. most of it labeled secret, to the Embassy
in Washington and to several consulates.I I I
HERE was built up at the Embassy here a Kriegskostenonder-fonds ispeciai war fund]. At the time of Fear] Harbor the,-Embassy had more than $3,650,000 in U. B. currency in itssales. Much was used tor propaganda. Baron Herlbertvonstrempel, political and press attache at the Embassy. told me that in 1340 and 1941 he personally paid out about srsosoo for pi'0pa- J
gan a. -What may have been one of the clever-est oi-R.ibbentrop'stricks is based on a letter, dated Aug. 31. 1938, which we foundamong the more important Foreign Oilflee files. Written by GoliniRoss. a propagandist. it suggested to Ribbcntrop: _ 92."It would be particularly effective to Plant with the opponentsof Roosevelt the slogan that Roosevelt, n order to be re-electedto a third term, would be willing to go to war." _That letter was dated long beiore any such slogan was heard -jfin this country to my knowledge. But during the latter part of, i193,9 and with increasing frequency, in 1940, l was charged that ithe President was seeking to take t e country to war to guarantee
his re-election. -I have wondered whether the charges grew up independently lin this country or whether they were rst planted here by the i -German propaganda machine.It is a fact. we discovered. that Ribbentrop constantly stirred , ;rup his people for slogans which could be used in this country. Oneoi these was "America for the Americans. Europe for the Euro-1 isBgans." Another was "plowing under American boys. Incidentallyo th appeared in speeches made by United States Senators. lg1
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in the years prior to
the comparable period of
Here were some of his
was public relations counsel
schemes to embarrass the
Washingtonrm
. - , hHe secretly acquired andcoperated a publishing house. FlandersHall. which Hans Thomsen.
bassy described to the For
house."
them unaware they were be
1" rom him at cost from the
the stun out under their ira
with money supplied by the German Embassy he secretlynanced no war" newspa-
tionist groups. including attions.
1n the years before theei
He manipulated U. S. Senators and Representatives-most of Q
adG
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apers-unaware he was a p
upon the Hitler regime.
O
IEHECK got on the Nazi gravy train in 1933. ostensibly aspublicist for the German Railroads Information Service. He
e
Wdid not get poor in the s rvice oi Hitler. Here are incompletegures On his take based on
man government les andIDuring the rst two years for the German Railroads he gotover 328.000. From Sept... 1939610 March, 1941, the German ForeignOffice paid him $25,000. Thehim $2000 In 1939; $31,552 in 1940, and $32.29! in 1941.Von Strempel said he peI$120,000 ior expenses. including $30,000 to nance the no war";advertisements in newspapers. The biggest chunk went to sup-port Flanders Hall. _
NTIL it was exposed Flanders Hail did a fine job for NazisI I Among other things itGerman lniormatlon Office, translated them. gave themphony authors and intrlquing titles and launched them as" ap-parently independent. honestA booklet was published
"Sayid Halassie, D. D." Apatriot was also a Catholic priest and was residing in s bungalow.__..______._______
em llnmj._ _ ~-'s.>|~_~_-_ -- _ _ _ 4* In , _ a J -,-:~ - . - - @=::~__,-,-_, ,__:;_A_,_, _ _ .. if _ __ -. ___t , 1 Vs: J1;-1-;-3-blf"?_?"2 ___ __,____~ ______ -,__ _ _ _¢, é --,:=,_:§>924-_i _I-bee.
T IERECK. German-born American citleen. now langulshcs in;=_:':--,1-all foryiolating the Foreign Agents Registration Act But], '-
tgur entry into World War II8e First World War he was unques-tionably Germanys No. 1 propagandlst in the United States.
accomplishments for the Nazis: Hefor the German Library: oi Interme-tion here. and editor-in-chief of Facts in R.evlew, i propagandaweekly. But that was just on the surface. -Underneath Viereck was the secret founder oi the Make Europe Pay War Debts Committee, one of the smartest of all GermanAllies. He created the Islands for waryDebt Defense Committee. even shrewdr propaganda. I-le was in- in}telliaence agent ior the Ge an Foreign Oiee and its Embassy in S
barge de Afiaires of the German Emgn Office as "our secret publishing "
nlernment Printing Oice. and mail
r advertisements tor various isola-ast one of the "mothers" organiza-
war, reputable magazines and news-
Q O
information I obtained tram Ger-tnesses. '
erman Library oi Iniormatlon gave
sonally turne dover at least another
I 0
took propaganda bulletins oi the
works. Here is a typical case: llcalled Democracg on the Nile." by :.blurb explained t at this Eiryptlanlin: used. He had members oi Con-gress insert his material in the Congressinoal Record. order reprints
aid propagandistbought and Pub--~shed his articles on Germany. articles slanted to cast a good ightill!
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Endless Stream of Nazi Gold
Used to Spread Hate in U. S.
By O. John Rogge
Continued From Firlt Page l
in a suburb of Kansas City." Itwas said he was seeking out the.
Roman Catholic Egyptians in this
country to see that they re-
wnained true to their faith and
to remind them of the sufferings
not their homeland." This wake was created out oi; whole sloth. We discovered the
booirlet was a translatiorfof
"England's Gewaltpoiitik AmNile." by Paul Schmltz, of the
lGermanIntorrnation0ice.
Quite 9. number'like this-were
published. ,. Vireck built up a mailing list.01 thousands of names tor his Nazi masters. A Federal GrandJury heard testimony that he got100.000 of the names from George
Hill secretary to then Congress-man Hamilton Fish. Jr. Otheril0! Minnesota. Q I IVEREQC claimed his incomecame from his foreign corre-spondence Ior the Muenchner Neu-este Nachrichten." n paper with lessthan 100,000 circulation. But theles of the German Foreign Officedescribe him as "the most valuableliaison agent" oi the Reich in Amer-ica. Many oi the German oicialswe quizzed admitted that the "cor-respondent" job was purely u. frontto cover payment oi money by their
Foreign Ofce.l In retrospect it is strange that weshould have been tooled by VierechAil the things he did or the NazisU he did a ncneration earlier ior theImperial German Government. InI931 he wrote Snreading Germs oiI-late." a book telling us about that
rst tour oi duty.In it he laid clown the creed that the hale promgandlsts follow in thiscountry to this very day: "It hasbeen said that patriotism is the last resort or the sooundrel. It was the
rst resort oi the propagandtst.' n
Y
Fish arid henator Lundetn.
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. Here are the in-eta. Perhaps you- can decide. -
This White Book" was one oi the
documents launched here. It pur-ported to involve Bullitt in negotia-1 tiom with French and Polish lead-ers highly preiudiclai to the neu-trality of the United States. Bulllttid the book lied. Nevertheless its stirred up e hornet: nest in Con-311385. George Sylvester Viereck. i-he No.azl propagandist in this country.h d large portions oi it inserted in;e Congressional Record HeltStrassburger Linked1T0 Nazi WhitelB00kiV , Lad of 1: Series .By O. John Rogge . _ _Former Special Assistant to the U. S. Attorney GeneralNE oi my favorite questi0Im,_as a result of the trip I made to O Germany for the Department or Justice, Is:Did Ralph Beaver Btfassburger, Norristown publisher, f Bocrétly get out the Third German White Book on Poland In 1940 - because he disliked Philadelphia; Ambassador William c, Bullm; - or because the Wehrmacht took such good care of Btrasshurgerb 1 _ French race horses that year? 1: 74
.A-W suocessml Nazi mm=ne¢+Gé'i_; Yuie"P r on-in--0 92-"P _'1-lied to begin early next mouth. o
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PII'I'sBURGH 24 AP!.-Wilam G. Duerr/Iormer Stowetownship poliee xhle! convicted oithe "mistake" 'i'_&ying 01' two youths.today got ygu-ietmag Eve parolefrom oougtjv Jail over iearlul objec-tion: or e youths mmmes. y county Judge Henry Ei- len en stipulated the~parole wasgranted with the understahding that
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8th b ' wen rr make "rim.-.noiei restitution" wrote a speech seed upon it. which the mum The hum d.iContinI1ed en Pl 9, coining I. 1'12: ouldxthel-mountleter. . i;
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- was read on the Senate oor. '.i'hQ
then Senator Robert R. Reynolds of
'- North Carolina demanded-a Con
gresslorlai investigation and rormer
, Representative Hamilton Fish. Jr.,
suggested in-lpeaching President
Roosevelt.. I e 9 ,
ICI'UR.E ii you can AmericanP ro-pa ands cireulati i P E rig rt Ger-
' many ivhicli would cause high Nazis
_ to demand Al1olpliHltler's ouster!
Strassburgers connection with the
, Third White Book on Poland is
- little known. The Justice Depart-
ment developed information in 1942
tion at which Strassburger testified
I learned some from Nazis whom
interviewed in Germany.
Keeping his connection entirely
secret. Strassburter had 75,000
' copies printed in Philadelphia. The
documents were sent to Norristown
where they were wrapped and ad-.
dressed. Then they were given the
label oi Howell Soskln. New York
publisher, trucked to New York and
i
i mailed Irom there. ' -
Btrassburgcr himself sent out 68,-
000 copies tree to a selected mailing
list. He told the Grand Jury he kept
behind the scenes because he ieared
that reaction to the book would be
adversely aiiected if his German
sounding name were connected withits publication. ' 'I I
STRASSBURGER added that hisstrong dislike for Ambassador
Bullitt was the reason he handled
publication and dissemination of the
[White Book.
Those we interviewed in Ger-
many gave us a different version-
race horses. Here is the story we got
Irom Hans Thomson. former charge
d'afIai1'es of the German Embassy
tn Washington: . '
"Sn-assburger was very much at-
tached to Germany and I'll tell you
why. It is a simple reason. .'
You know'hc was a great racing
enthusiast and he had horses in
France. France was occupied by as
and his establishment was also oc-
cupied, but his entire establishment,
horses and all, was sent hack to the
,United States and he has always
.been very grateful for this act. That
is what he told me himseli.
We were given a similar explana-
tion by Manlred Zappl pre-war head
of Trans-Ocean News Service in New
York. and subsequently a member of
the America Committee of the Ger-
man Foreign Oliice.. ___ _ 0 o 4F
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errioaa 1 leit {or Gerrnany. I was IB assured that the Justice DepN'i- 1
rneni. would make In! T600 Public
as an oiiiclal document aiter my re- -
turn. I have been asked why the At- , -
tnrney General has slipllrl-<1 ll»
The answer is simple. The reP0Ii-
contains the names oi 24 D1"=5¢"i-
andiormer members _o! COHEPIESwho either worked directly "mlGgqggc Bylvester Viereck. or We-1'8- . ihighgeiuwho collaborated included.
the late Senator Ernest I-lllldeeoi Minnesota and iorrner Senator 1Rush D. Holt, oi West Viriniai and l.
my-me: Representatives Stephen A..
Day oi Illinois. and Hamilton Fish-
Jr., or New York-As a result oi what tn? 1!92"5u!5' 1tion disclosed. Iwould like to recon1- 1
mend tor the protection and deierloe
oi this countfri
1. A restriction of the 60113705"
sionai {ranking privilege.
2. An amended sed_ition_8tll921l'¬-3. compulsory regioimtl oi all
propagandists and periodic JUSUW
Department reports on PTBP-985003
material to the American D8091"-
4. lntensive study or hundreds oi
tons oi German documents new ac-1
cessible. . ' .
In HIS book. 5l1Y=9-01118 Germ ofHate," George Sylvester Viereclideclared. "The man who invented
the {ranking privilege _ We-I8 l-7_l'lB
mend oi the propaltandlsts. Vie-92
reek, who served German? WE 0?-
spite American citizenship. brewwhat he was talking about.. i
It has been conservatively esti- ,
mated that iranked Propaganda
sent through the mails on his behalf
by members of Congress cost the
taxpayers well above 815.000. Thll
ie just. one instance. We know Sen- .
ntor Burton K. Wheeler Iranked 1.-
000.000 Arnerica_ First propagandapostcards in a single order. That cost
the taxpayers $10,000.
In Ii?-ii the Steuben Society pass»
ed a national defense resolution and
requested Senator Lundeen to place ,
it in the Congressional Record.
"in that event," wrote Theodore
H. Holman, Steuben Society presi-
dent, we would very much like W
have copies oi it printed at our ex- ,pense which we could then send out
enclosed in your {ranked envelopes-
We have had these courtesies ex-
bended to us in the past by such men
as Senator Nye, Oongressraan Fish
and others." . . .
UNDEEN introduced the resolu-L tlon in the Congressional Rec-
ord and ordered 10.900 Tllflfll-5 5
cost irom the Government Printing
Oiiice. Senator Gerald P. Nlre pro-
vided the ranked envclolIB$- T119!
didn't cost Nye nnrthlna They
didn't cost. the Steuben Society 8-119-1
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reek to move pfxl propaganda
at the expe-nseot our taxpayers can.be made to serve Gominunist propa- i
ganda as well. 1
The {ranking statute malt it un- 1
iawiui to use or lend s {rank Ior the
benet or use for or by "any corn-
niittec. organization or association?
That would appear clear enough.
However, members or Congress in-
sist the law applies only to "other"holders of the frank.I I
-IT WAS made clear during the war i
that it was almost impossible to
convict ior sedition in this country
-and make it stick.
In the Hartzell case the Supreme
-Court. in June. 1944. reversed a con-.
victlon declaring it had not been
shown that the deiendant belonged.
to any ioreign or subversive organ-
ization. A year later the same oourti
reversed the sedition conviction oi
members of the German-American
Bund. The court completely iorgot
it had indicated that membership
in a foreign or subversive organia-
tion made a ditierence.
That ended our chances of obtain-
ington sedition ease.
impair morale oi members of the
armed tomes. and who also has i
foreign connections and operates
with intent. to aid a foreign govern- ;
merit. shall be guilty of sedition.
REPRESENTATIVE J E R. R Y
VOORHIS, of C-alliornia, iath-
ered a law under which subversive
Organizations were required to regis-
ter with the Government. The idea is i
line; however, no organization will
admit. it 3 subversive. This act.should require all propagandl.stsi'
,to register; then; it would mean iisomething. ' ' i
I The Justice Department, through
Jthc FBI. should undertake the strip
the trappings irom propaganda and iing any convictions in the big Wash- ;
_ I would amend our sedition law to i
iprovlde that anyone distributing .
' propaganda material which would i
disclose who is back of it. Our peo-ple have been exposed to every type
ct vicious propaganda masquerading
as patriotism. ' "
Finally, there is the matter oi
German documents. We have an un-
paralleled opportunity to study the
secret archives of a totalitarian gov-
ernment. This might furnish us with
clues to meet totalitarian threats in
the future. Oi 500 tons of German
Foreign Ollice tiles. we only went
through those covering German-
American relations during the pe-
riod 1938-43.
All this material should be brought
here and thoroughly analyzed. II
ieit in Gennany much oi it will be
destroyed. We will never know what
it contained. _
The End!,___._.i_i---
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'__:. is.' ~n ~ ' -1 -' " . '5' .__.Ei Memorandum - UNITEDSTATES' GOVERNMENT- » _
"I|92III~*_* Director, FBI . nafrs; 133;-ch 21, 1947
sac Seafttle, Washington . ' '
31susgscn. -" 'O. JOPN ROUGE h _
Former Special Assist-&x_1t to the Attorney General;
SECURITY MAME! -- C ' AI
-euro-1-0w__qqIIn§b-uq|@g|gQ
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As of interest to the Bureau, please find enclosed herewith the issue ~
of the~»'1.'_£_{1 Fact" news sheet for February 10, 1947, which carries an i.nter92r:Len nit
the shove-named former Special Assistant to the Attorney General under thecaptio
of-!,Blueprint .t r_Amer1ca.n Fascism". This issue of the "In Fact" was furnishedto this office by onfidentiallnformntq who secured the same at oneof the classes at Pacific Northwest Labor chool, which is GomnmniBtical1y_
controlled, dominated, operated, and in Ilhich all the instructors are members qt hthe Oemmnist Party; ' . - bqb - *- h, . 1 _ K- 92e:./'-/v.__>"-T - ". ._92[/*1!-_.-:lf.
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' .1. " Geor e Seldes can r . 8 ' Q ' I No. 3%,! Vol. XIV, No. 19 -Q February 10, 1947 ,iml_wcin;mn_ AmdmQ t
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Two Dollars 2 issues! a fear. Ca-nods 12.50 I year. Foreign I- .50 a pus. .
BLliEPililiT Foe Aiiirliicia FASBISM
' Former Special Assistant to the Attorney General
Q FOUND an appalling lack oi information and a des- enemies oi democracy did not lay down their weapons on
. r education. ~ _~--*¢--- =7-e~" so-*~~ ;VE~1n~V-J-Dray:1tsc11eteat or Hitler, Hirohito and Mussolini
Many ot the people to whom I spoke were hearing a:'.' ' speech about iascism for the rst time. ' - ' : "=
£:r;.' "Some at them had already accepted parts ot antascist
,,--._ program, completely unaware that their prejudices and at-'-_*=r_f titudes were anti-democratic. . "7" "
,.-_; . "T-so many oi them would not recoiniu a fascist it they
henril him speak or ll they read his propaganda-provided
he didn't have a thick German accent and kept I swastika
,E;' oil his printed material." _ '* _ _ '.35:! Describes Notion-u-Ede I our ' F '?'-"7
iii The lpcalter was 0 John nous, the tormcr sedition trial
. ~ prosecutor who had returned home otter s two-mouth speak-
la: tour. - < '
-15 lie hudeox-cred the United States. speaking to thousands
.1: oi people in scores oi clues and towns on the sublect he
- linnm brat--~i:uclsrri. lie had met. spoken to and argued with
ma 1|] |l|Q most complete Cl'u!l-Ft"tIllOIlI ct the American peo-
plr !l ls pmsiblc for anyone to assemble. lie had smith ll!
mi}, 31- |r,m-ng om! hustling cities, factory towns and farm
mu: try. lie had miriressed 92'l'l.C|'llI'l groups, students, iaciory
'l'lZfl'.'i, hours-wires, proiesslonal people, miners, farmers
. and !.|':ltlI..92'tI1 'i'|.
From cnilrm to callie country, from forest land to beaches,
he ll-Ill crisr-crossed ihc continent, making as manyas four
speeches and two radio broadcasts a dai '
Nntv, back home, this weekly, in the second oi! two ex-
clusive interviews, asked him to assess his travels, to describe
what he had round, to answer some_ques_t§on1 about theII
strengtlrand extent-of the anti-democratic" move'oTei'1t,'shas not brought an end to the Iasclst menace.
"Actually," he said, in our own country, fascism hill
almost completed the job or post-war reconyersion. The old
tamiliar laces are once again spouting the old tamiliar iasdst
lies. Out from under the stones once more are crawlinl those
Americans who, until Pearl Harbor, damned democracy. our
Presidcni, Congress, applauded every Axis triumph, echoed
every Nazi propaganda tune and spread hatred and disunity.
Bork again, too, are the sleazy pamphlets and weekly
bulletins attacking the Jews, the Catholics, the Negroes-any
handy minority; weeping over the late or the Nazis, both
here and in Germany, without s tear for the victims of Nsal
bestiality; screaming that Pearl Harbor was s deliberate
plot by lloosereit. the Communists, and international Jewry;
spreudinl hatred and distrust, and promotinl. new that
fascism is an ugly word, the nationalist cause."
Reveals New Organizing Pom:-rus ;
Rouge said that to implement these propananda attacks,
and to disguise them. the reconvcrting anti-democratic
movement had sci itself up in a variety oi organizations.
some oi them rncrciy continuation: oi prc-war groups but
others invoivinl: a new camouflage. And as bciore the war,
he said, their inter-connections are as revealing as they are
inevitable. .
The general classications, he said, included nationalist
political organizations, veterans groups, monetary reform
outfits, youth groups, mot.her' organizations, Christian
ront outts and ' undisguised '8D'li5Se1nl tic"o1£'animtions." to recommend 3 pmzmm 101- combating the domesc_vm-5;? "These groups include such open storm-troop outts like if-goitasclsrn. ¢- ' .- . ,.
Cites Ignorance of Fascist Threat - 1" ..
' "The thing that impressed me most was the need tor educa-1
1 tion -the need tor tntormution on the entire subl¢f=_-'f hf
_ ; I coll ot lions at Lives, billions oi dollars and untsilied
.~~ mi.-ry o d heartache, to many oi my listeners tssciam was
1 vque, ntangllzic, tar-oil thing that had little to do with
|,l.|.-it do lives. ' '" " '
?:_ Z-;~,, '.92elu iy, I know other wise, and this lack OI knowledge,_, .snd und undies on their part is csuss tor much alarm,"M acid. " "
said that many oi the people be met believed. now
. var was over, that the hactst threat to Americathe Colombians. KKK, Protestant War Vets, as well as the
political arm oi! domestic tascism, "American Action Inc,"
he said. - - - ' .
Describes Native Fascist Blueprint
"The blueprint tor American tascism has been drawn
along tested patterns. It parallels in sickening detail the
course oi fascism in Germany and other lends. Under 3
smokescrecn oi anti-communism, it promoter disc;-imlmuonand disuniiy until s nation is hopciessly.cl.|-vided sgalnsi
itseii and the existing sovcrnlmcnt dlsintcgrstes.
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States Opposition to Both Isms Rogge said that although he was aware of those dgnfiin rnagniiying the anti-communist issue, he wanted it made
clear that he himself is as unaltei-ably opposed to cpmmunlstas he is to fascism He said he regarded bot.h as totalitariansystems, although there were major dierencee in each.
and that he wanted no part of either. ."1 believe in private property, in private enterprise and incivil liberties," he said. So, I am condent, do most of the
American people. He said it would he easier to sell a fascist program to thecountry, however, because the cultural pattern oi the U Sin the instances he had already cited could be tted into theHitler blueprint, whereas there would not be as ready ac-
ceptance of a comrnunist program.During his speaking tour. he said, he had found e 31831sensitivity against communism, much more than againstfascism, and that this sensitivity in ttselfwas some protection
against the acceptance of a communist program.
Big Money and US FascismDuring a discussion of big money and the native fascist_ movement, Rogge said that he had not found much evidence
"oi real big money behind any of the people he had pros-those who subsigige fascism can grow richer. In every tasclstcount-1'!. the 1 her-tfons were among the rst victims. Newtake our o ountry. Labor unions are rarely presented tothe people i a positive light. Only their shortcomings areemphasized. heir contributions to the general welfare anddemocratic vernrnent are hardly ever reported. It wouldnot be too dicult for a fascist movement to capitalize on
that prejudice. -
Compares South to Hitler Germany ~
"Take another example--the South. Here we alreadyhave a situation which might be described as a domestic kindof fascism tn action. Our Negroes are segregated in everyphase oi life. They work, live, and attend school in a ghettowhich we call Jim Crow. Unlike the Jews imder Hitler.they don't have to wear identifying Stars or David becausetheir color sets them apart, but they are intlmldatefl, per-| secutcd, beaten, lynched, and it is accepted as part of theculture of the South, the mores of the community. OuttsN illke the KKK and Colombians openly engage in terrorism.92 =What's the difference between Hitler: storm-troopers and
, our KKK and the Negro?,_;-;"; "And look at the picture in Georgia right now. Supporters"mot young Talmadge pulled of! a political and military coup' '- t tl at should ca awarning to le everywhere that"L ?d::sin¢.-an come tonzur CDl.lDll'J'--1.l'lpS;italCu!' the same way -°" te'1' . - ' But don't quote me as saying that the big industrialists
l It to G '. . . came M-man! - in this country are opposed to the activities of the anti-demo-only a Huey Long Is Needed cratic movement," he said. Some of them may be, but I amd th t th ' t ' "And there is still more to the fascist pattern," he added. mnvmce 3 emscis bl-WP"-"t 591' 0"-1' oountry is exactly lb t f Ge "The Nazis, even. before they formally took over in -Ger- E same as I was or many Italy Spam and Japan _ _ "Hitler. you'll r call w en cl in bbl - ' d1!""1Y- had ""1" 5P°ke5m'=" in the Gem Re 3h-ii'aB- 01" trouble-making fog manyasyeargaizfore ?ritze'.li:y:sl:g :16r pro-fascists have their spokesmen in our Congress. in ad-the other big businessmen decided they could retain and ex-ditlon to those who were used by the Nazis Ed note: 28 ~, dth - D1 tn, h - l were named in last weeks In Flier! there are the Bilbos an em power O y oug atascm mm wemnotqumready for it here.and Ran]-tins who unashamedly advocate a pro-fascist pro- "B' b ' h is t - gram. Under Ra _ _s domination, the House Co tee on lg uslness ere no now seriously threatened. It still _ controls virtually every phase of our economic and politicalUn-American Activities was a real un-American committee. 111 .Its t t in] ' 1 . . In addition, we already have discrimination in every c rem-esen a was cg alums comply with the hm. . _ _ _ of the men with money. 1! a threat to th ir cootr l shouldphase of our national his--in tubs. in hwsms. in schools. - ever rea1ly'arise, 1 am convinced um this 8l:CllO:tl of wp When you new all or 1-his. mus the protection and en- business in America will follow the Thyssen pattern: at um
coursgement the fascist movement receives from large, re-tim ,th I ts ill ' ' sponsible sections of our press, you realize that all that is 331; e was w mcewe whatever sum! may MM. M
missing from our scene to complete the blueprint is a native , .rabble-rouser 01 the Huey Long stripe," he ma. Mrs Whitney: $25,000 Fund"Although I believe there would be resistance to that MRM h t Q, 1 . 1 - ; ,kind or demasozue now. what would b1Pl-¢5_lf that kind oi: traced min: .l§}§.i.u§ l.'.§.'.}.°l£i'..'3f.'.1.T..-qbrabhle-rouse: presented that kind oi prejudice-rooted pro-,. lnvostignllrd this angle only imoiu as um gems; gig mm to our, People dgurlns n time oi economic crhhll-he 1 dctcndantl were concerned, and um he could mil; pm. - = .- .~- ' "' "'.__- - ~;~ _-!r;;£,;}-.'5=..- that one individual. Mn Alice '1 92'0'hlt:u.'!' or llluq, 31 ...I rt. r I . . P ..-.,~ " ' ' _ - .Lledbout..5.000|ovno form;'9-I-swffnl Asomyv.-4n!l-Rod 5rIwI~u¢r¢¢,n ..;Sr .-..-.: 1l'4I':lr::I w1v.1.i'.;-sl.f-.- -uI"¢i '<;...¢,., §'§I,'-'§T§f. ,'§4.l~Y Din:-nets: the uni-eonununut aniotuuwo more o ll-on-so haoksmlnlll tbuhtnol cu no mm it 1;... ;'_
It the bidet hhnonl. Ilil - H"=£,,*-1, 1', >112! nu.-ax lo ii,'|92:1:.'92-rnrnu:-.t|nt Ii! L".r ltn-I-be-|.1II192 n92.'.:hJ'Y¢l...ns. lo.'c'.'ala:.lL_ Q; £ugg1¢u?§Lq f"§J._m- I|ln.u and Hows-ililtl tltnllt-1 obtain |--err. ll rnr. he uctd clot--1u'.c nltcrrve.' again ill lllll country. In Aft. some 1.: the sedition delen- *9292':.-:1 lit-n:.-at tun mum 1, u-,, 92; _.dams did plan to malts Ute ul it. Ulla r< untiy. vmtnd [lotion in lo, ho :a:r::,:,.f;n|.;.,: l:'-1-1..-ctr.-...ni'a=sc two |||.'Hl.'I. one mu in the event the a Ic-..il- r nl the Chmllan Front, and lulu 5111 ll ||,,|.,;,, 'communists ctunlly seized control of the |:u92't'rnmunL I'hl.l Huston anti-Scrulle who played around uni: tlu,-_,m,1_ ., |' .was a pho ', but they reasoned that they would put the cist m-n-cmvnl. At an earls:-r date. World Servr the I-MlReds out d take over the government themselves. am.-ncy, had broadcast n global oppcl asking l l :1 Thu oth scheme was a more lm;.nrtant-and plausible llunlcr and some of the sedition dc!c'ndan1r Elmo M1,; Urmm, '|'||¢-_v s rrv going to rni::-~ the cry of communist mcn- Policy, Mrs Billing, Dcnthcrage Edmondson "ll-u¢ :t'l Wmace. The! cre going to say the Rods were plotting to and lludson. ' ' 5 "'°"|lake MB! U18 SDVQTTIYBEB1 ind. WEB bolero there was an ac~ "From August 1912, o month after the tlrst sedition Hill -|tual plot, they themselves would seize control. They actual- mcnt, until his death on June l-l I945, lluntcr acted rt: -ly felt that they could @011-$1199 the B60916 that the commu- conduit for subsidies to various dclendants in the Qedjo:nists were prepared to overthrow the government and that case. These subsidies did not cease when Hunter died Thethey had marched in rst to protect the nation. continued. All that was changed was the conduit. Beginnlr I92_.--
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llllubeth Dilling ............... ...... ...............--.............
Itobcrt E Edmondson, through his wile, Marlon 8,530
Jami-s True. through his wiic, Margaret ............ -3,370 .
Cliorlus-15 lludson ......... 1,740Ralp _ ' nd- who later went to jail as an un-
I rstered Japanese agent! through his wile,
J ct ..........-.........................,....._._,.__,,,.,,,_,,,,_,,___,,,_,,,_ 500
E arner ..............................................:.........Z........... 800in _, dition to the alleged seditionists, Rogge said, Hunter
also paid the tollowing amounts to the tollowing persons:
. E J Qarners widow, Georgia .................................... $450Prescot ennetts mother, Mabel ............................ 50 -
John S Wise jr, formerly attorney tor Edmondson 550
We know that the money did not come out ot Hunter's -
own pocket, because he didn't have any money to give away.The money was paid in such a way to conceal the owner:
identity. But we did ultimately nd out that the money was
supplied by Mrs Whitney, and tor all 1 know these subsidies
may still be continuing. They were coming in up to a short
time ago. Why Mrs Whitney is interested in the anti-de.mo-
rratic movement, I don't know " he said.
Says Fascist Threat Is UnderestimotedDuring a discussion of the many hate groups nowoperating in the country, Rogge was asked how eective$10,000
convinced, on the basis oi the years he had spent investigat-ing their activities, that their eectiveness was widely
underwtimatied.
-"The weapon which our evidence disclosed the sedition
delcadants used as incessantly and malevolently as the Nazis
in Germany was incitement of hatred towards minoritygroups, especially the Jews and the Negroes. With thisweapon, they hoped to disintegrate and solten our social' and governmental structure, to make us lose our rupect tor
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.-- law and order, to accustom us to the methods of terror andviolence, to soften us for the kill. With this weapon, theyhoped to unite all the malcontents, the felons. the ialiures,all those who bore resentment 1or one reason or another,
everyone who nursed a grudge. The Columbians had already started in that direction.i They sent their members into Negro neighborhoods. armedwith guns, and told them to terrorize, to whip, and, it neces-
IIIT, to kill, he said.Before the FBI arrested 18 members oi the Christian Front
several years ago, he recalled, that organization was alsogiving its members military training and, in Brooklyn, De
troll, Boston and other large communities, had broken up[liberal street meetings with torce and violence.
§Wai-no of Danger Period 45 Asked whether, in his opinion, the fascist threat was
iliogge said that he believed the present period oered theipeater today than it was, tor example, beiore Pearl Harbor,
.molest dang - _ _, __ __ __ _,__, .___,____;'T"'lhe"bluep2lnt' tor' A.merlca'n :tasclsm becomes clearer inthe period"v've are about to enter," he said, and should be
{disturbing to any sincere democrat. ' "The onslaught against organized labor, the witch huntiagainst liberals, the continued boldness of storm trooper= Organizations, the removal ii-om the radio oi liberal voices92'H-i*- 'InI' ---- -4- -1---- r.4i:._._ =___ _;__
Q3. .
Ragga: Program to F ight FascismThe 8 points his program cncornpamed were: "
1. Education. ___b
2. Full and {air employment. - _
3. A new cabinet post devoted to community weliare a
interracial relations. Q
4. The outlawing oi international organizations whiSpecialize in the spreading at hatred against particular rs
color or religious groups. - 's. A law requiring the registration 01 an those ensosedpropaganda activities, whether toreign agents or not, I
the disclosure of their sources oi income.
6. Periodic public reports by the Dept of Justice, or soother government agency, on both toreign and dome:
propagandists operating within our own country.
7. A law barring the mails to propaganda material incit
people to hatred or particular-.race, color or religious gror
. 8. Group libel laws.
Jobs, Schools High on List
Rogge said he listed education rst because he belie
the schools could do one of the best jobs in dispelling
myths of race, color, blood and religious superiority, as -v- ' "'"si*esi=r§enag"is?eeanmai¢"nuaaie= ones ale 1'8$CiSt moment peddlu wth great skill. He said he realized this 'a tremendous subject, but added he hoped it was one wlreducators, parents and other groups would discuss and
to revamp along more democratic lines. He said, tor exam;
that those he had prosecuted blamed the Jews for all
the evll in the world-revolutions, wars, depressilepidemics, yet never oercd, nor could they ever olier, J
kind oi proo! to bolster their talse ltalemcntl. A revampat the entire educational structure. he said, might be or
in immunizing us against fascist p0i.l0n.He said he put full and ialr employment second beenmost of the dclendanta he examined were lled with cnomic uncertainty and insecurity. Possibly with enough J
and sulcient pay available. the initiators oi lliiler wehave greater dlillcully in acquiring ollov.-en, he said.A cabinet post devoted to community welfare would
oi value, he sold, because it could lu.-cp abreast of the mi
fold community probicmr, take measures to'-relieve ten
between dicrent groups and work towards achlc-viugreater understanding among the various groups which n
up America.in asking that hate-peddling international groupsoutlawed, he said he specically had in mind organize!
like the Nazi Party, Deutscher-Fichtc Iluud, and similnternational groups which existed solely tor the purpo:
sowing seeds oi disunlty.
Warns Against Hasty Lows _I-log'g'é"sald' as listed 'lega1"=" 1-i:'ri1ediea"'1 ist because
become two-edged swords." ' '
Seditlon' is now an unpopular word, so it would:
too diicult to write a law, at the expense ot civil libswhich would enable us more easily to convict a p against whom we have evidence of sedition. At this moi
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Will Continue Expose of Fascism H
Despite my own experience will! the Department, when
it came to disclosing the operations of fascists," Rogge said,
fl still blimlllt our government should make public its
farts n ut propaganda, on analysis ot its content and in-
Iormaf about the people who nuance it and spread_lt.
"I a not air-aid or public opinion or or what the people
will d ,1 belong to the school that believes in the people
and reniiains condent that, given the tools, they will take
the proper actions.
He said that statutes barring the mails to propaganda
sheets, and group libel laws, are probably the least effective
remedies, but worth -studying. They are least eective be-? .|.. _A-15, - --g'-- --Q ; ~i-- _ _- __ --~~ - _- -.- - -- ----».-mp--nu-nlnl-ID->1-an-u . 4».--_-._-q-p..;,---4-g--,;-,|. -.._._;_ _ _____ __ l : _ A __ ___:,A__ ,___ ______.h_ -_@..:;:-scizili _ 1 . 1 I}='92 -3-Hl&i_ u
cause, to be any good, they would have to be drastic and the
there would be doubt as to their constitutionality.
"Laws, however, will go but a small part of the way towards meeting tire fascist threat to our instilugns. T11
case against American fascism will not be decide y court:
judges or juries. It will have to be decided by the people
That is where I took it on my speaking tout". That is when
I shall take it in my future speeches and !irritings. That 1
why I enlist the support oi everyone who will join with m
in alerting our people to the real, present-daymenace to ou
welfare, securib and .governn-lent.
"Anti-fascism is rarely popular, rarely rewarding, neve
easy.
"Yet I believe fascism is our main threat, and I shall eon
tinue to expose It and ght it," he concluded. '
g _ Q7 ' '7 f"74
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IISGEIJ-AEEOUB - I - __ _ ' -'}:_' Eafaranoo 1| undo to your memorandum of Larch 2n, 1947, in whihyou furnished intoranticn roaaivad tron Hr. In Chane loohm, whim!-HIE Q , II-01i1f1¬$O_l_F Hr» Rff. _ _. _ - -_ . ' 2 , /
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We/I our norm, sac, msnmcnin FIELD ;+. F: g ' - t-Er. H-i1 3 -[ISOir? ZV[em0i/madam - UNITED smrss cove
I'D Director, FBI " one; March '..»_. -
SUBJECT:.,_Q__JOHI92t ROGGE . '};-- r '
92 -. 11.--92r mronwvrrou ccncsmmro , ' C .. ..MISCELLANEOUS r] , I; u' 92' " -1-, 1. -,";1j =1
1 * ~-='. W 1 _ ,__ /Vapproximately 10:30 A. 11., on March 17, 1916?, IRA CHASE .1/5; "'-1.¢92r92if-'!/2z®H?NE, an Attorney, Telephone Hobart 0032 and Republic 0271+,- esidence address 2803 18th Street, N. 1'1. , telephonically advised that e read ~ .5-an article in the Washington Times-Herald in which art-icle{"t e FBI ,/q, X,»charges that the Joint Anti-Fascist Refugee Committee was ' ed". _
KOEHNE said 0. JOHN RCECE represents this Committee and he, him.self, I 'is 8 "Red". KOEHNE began quoting from Page lb. of the "5th Column in * -Washington", published in June, 19b0, a booklet of thirty--three pages _ 92_ _from the Constitutional Educational League, 31,2 Madison Avenue, New - M, ,York City, edited by JOSEPH P:92@lP. KOEHNE quoted as follows: ' '
"0. JOHN ROGGE, Assistant Attorney General, in charge oi _ .curbing un-Ame iean propaganda and subversive activity fllj _. .made such a od speech at a Civil Liberties Union Council, ' -"-1}sponsored by some ll. Red front organizations last October, V
that LEORRI ST, of the American Civil Liberties Union,
declared to the gathering of assembled Red and Communists,As long as we have JOHN ROCHE in the Department of Justice
in Washington, we are safe.92
"Immediately following this declaration and in B.0GG'E'S
presence, EARIKBEOWDER launched the drive to keep the
Coummmist Party from being outlawed. and sounded a 1|-a.:mingthat any pressure against Communism would be the eventual wedge to revolution. ROUGE was involved in the Lincoln .
Brigade matter even before the individuals investigated it.
When he first learned oi the investi ation he instructed /the United States Attorney, JOHN at D¢1':I'Oit>!~'f$rO+e.-92r92¢§f:"-*"*:_*T_-:____,_/,/irop ti,-ie, inquiry. This order was finally countermanded by _ 's.=z1Ar;.»,r1¢w.14o192r, then Assistant Attorney General. noses wasresponsible, too, for the lack of indictments by the
Washington Grand Jury that Senator BRIDGES was curious aboutr, despite the fact that the DAILY YDRKER and the NEW I-IASSES,; both Communist publications, had given false information . f -under oath to the Postal authorities and theygzgre not 3"1.
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7 dii-.'onK x the Mzemer in W- mass 8° 1; i KOEHNE statggtgzthzg :a5'm?e O morW' mm1L. gig?I trial and ¢- au if so des 'I and nil make it ava:|.lab1° *9 he 92
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/' Pvt _ I - Director, FBI . DATE: Apri1= -, 191.31 af ~~_ . 1 I - -1- , , ,./ ! GU"! I-lO'1"F3L,. SAC, Washington Field. _ . _£ -_,_= I _ r_92- --.1 __5" -'E°T='.._, Q. mm noses. ' ,S}' .' 'IN!-DR?.¬A'HON conceaunn - 44 ,5? ._1EJISCELIANEOUS in _ 4.;-'/' -F-..
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In accordance with Bureau instructions Mr. KOEHNE was recontacted
on Thursday, April 24, 1947, to ascertain what additional information he,_;_,.,might have concerning the activities of Lir. ROME. " - '_ /,
hr. l<DEI~H&E was unable to add any information to that furnished to ,
the Bureau on March 25, 1947, concerning Hr. ROGG1-1's activities. 1-1e didmention, however, in a rather vague manner that he understood that ROUGEhad addressed the Communist National Convention in New York City in 191.0.
- IQJEHNE commented that he understood only Communist Party members or
former members were permitted to address a Communist National Convention.When questioned concerning the source of this information he claimed thathe had received it from a client who was a former conmunist. This client
in turn, according to KQEI-ENE, had received the information from someoneelse. Hr. KOEHNE was unable to furnish anything of a specific natureon this allegation and declined to give the name of his client who had
told him about the matter.
it was determined that KOEHNE had been one of the de-
fense attorneys in the mass sedition trials held in Washington in recentyears, he was questioned as to his personal feelings toward iér. BEIGE. ,
KLJEHNE admitted quite freely that he held a strong personal animositytoward Hr. ROGGE and felt quite bitterly toward him. '-i-ll? '-Inasmuch as
at _the_jtime telephonic arrangements for this interview were made,KDEHNF. mentioned to the Bureau Agent making the appointment that he knewQ_£__sq11;e4ifi1_c1i_viduals_in the FBl_who__we_re also Leftists or IReds". The Hinterviewing Agents vigorously challenged this allegation and insistedt.hat_KOEHNE furnish speciaic information, pointing out tohim that he 1' 5- was absolutely wrong in such allegations and that if he would furnish --..-speci_1:_i_c facts, such facts would be refuted. KDEHNE proceeded to gener- Q3-ali_ze""a'nd pointed out that he had his "sources" but did not care to edi ulge them at that time. He further commented that his health was 1ve ' bad at present,'indicating that under such circumstances he did noéis 1 physically caoable of doing the necessary research to produce sub-' ;,_.'
ll o s _nt_i:ting evidence to vcrtiiikhglzi egfti __ I;
. 5,, .°.°
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N1-O 62-0
Will :EN April 28 , 1947
The Agents pressed Mr. KJEHNE to name a single specific
instance which he felt would justify his allegations, whereupon he -_
feebly mentioned that he understood hr. HOOVER had been seen in the 3
Stork Club of New York City with WA.L'1'ER WINCHELL. It was pointed out
to him there appeared to be no significance in such a statement and'he
was asked if his remark implied that ?|ll~iCHE'JLL is e Conmunist. KOEHNE
answered in the negative but stated that a large portion of Jewish
Rabbis are Communists ani WINCHELL was controlled by "some Rabbi".
In view of the fact that it appeared KDEHNE had no in-
formation of value, he was told by the Agents that inasmuch as he in-
sisted in dealing in mere generalities it was felt unnecessary to pro-
ceed further. He was further told that unless he could produce specific
information, no credence would be placed in his allegations.
' Lir. KDEHHE is a-man '75 years of age. He claims that he
was formerly a Government attorney for the Navy Department and was em-
ployed in the Judge Advocate General's Office for approximately ll
years, leaving there about 1938 or 1939 to resume private practice of
law. He related that within the last year he has been seriously ill
and has suffered extensively from nervous exhaustion. He recently re-
turned to work after having been confined to his home under his physi-
cian's care for approximately 8 months. To illustrate the degree of
seriousness of his illness, he mentioned that in one instance while in
a room with his wife he wished to address her but could not recall her
name. He commented that even thong": his condition has improved he
still has difficulty in orienting his thoughts and in concentrating on 'work forlany long period of time.
._ .
I-Er. KUEI-NB gives the impression of being a man in a
state of physical and mental deterioration and is obviously recovering
from an illness of some proportion. It is felt that his comments toward
Er. R£!_Q;{§;_ are probably chiefly motivated by personal animosity while e
his .d°rIHé'r allegations fall in a non-specific category and their rambling ..
in nsis tent nature may possibly be explained by his age and his recent
ex naive illness. - '
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me this morning zidvise thetone of the o£iiciu.1s»o£ the AFL has "I"-C1033;_ ~~<4 ';!;4+-'-'92|$ 4" ' ' 21- AI-"7 4---Q; " ' -hi-l4*"-Ia-hnnin-|:_~_+_ .4 "-~34" --'-In-Hula-r-:_ I1"- *|*" =--
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received en invitation on the letterhead of O. John Rogge to attend
an informal dinner st the Statler Hotel next J-ridny. The invitation
indicates it is probably of aeemi-confidential nature and urges the
attendance of the persons to whom invitrations were issued as matters
of tremendous importance wi.].1»he"-discussed. ' -_ -
- I suggested to 1-1::-. Burns it would be desirable that the _
-AFL know -about the meeting and as long as someone hes an invitation
it would be informative to attend. L1:-. Burns stated he will advise
me later the result of the meeting. He st:.ted,he would epprecii-ate
being advised if the Bureau hears ~es to thepurpose and nature of
the meeting.__ _ ' |_. ;-~ _' '
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wvlsc-:2. '0. Jc-ms Ru-GGEV ' a-t - - r FLTo I _Diroctor, FBI DATE: 9-12- 1'" ~Mr."nne!Q
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SAC, Boston
llr. Iiruhu
"I1 Huh! _
IHFbH§ATION CCKCERNING Mr. Fum ,.|T1»"r --n/'
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lit. Quinn 'I'm..:=J
Hr. Four-;
T.-Ii-on Goa.-T 92
For the iDfOnHtiOn of the Bureau and the completion of the files of thelr;;;"rr "
New York Uffioe, there is being set forth below a news item which appeared
in the Uoston ulobe, September ll, 1947, relating to 0. JOHN HOGG3, former
Special Assistant to the Attorney General of the United Etates, 1
4'Pays the largo money interests have ever had, 0. John Rogge, former Soecialg ntresident Truman and members of his administration are the best water "2
fssistant to the bnited States Attorney General and prosecutor in the nass&92sedition trials in 1946 at Hashington, told a Boston group today.
iLgrovoked war with Japan. Hoover's comment ho labelled 'one of the things ' =4gg§"Speaking at the Boston City Club at a luncheon of the Boston Labor Committee /
to Ucmbat Intolerance, sponsored jointly by the AFL and BIO, the former crack
Government prosecutor who was fired for disclosing parts of a secret Justice
Lepartmont report on hazi intriguing in U. 5. politics asserted governmentis '-.
19
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policies are_heading toward depression and possibly war. ___:;;_ _ _7%Q;¬.¢¥r"
"'If the present"systum is carried out according to the blueprint of Truan
and his administration, he said, I'd be very happy to settle down and -
practice law and tend my garden, but it won't work. It will lead to another; _
depression and possibly to another war.
hoggo declared reaction to be still on the rampage, and said it was evident
'in remarks like that of former lresident doovor that the United tates ~
.1
seditionists used to peddle. i'
"The United "tates is making as many bad mistakes at present as after thelast war }O'<-re declared -I ca.! ' _
1
Tho path we are following new is in the direction of fascism, the export
on German fascism declared, labelling such things as concurrent programs of
aid to Crcoce and Turkey and the President's so-called 'loyalty' order as
stops onaége road." _
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-'.'.'..92T: A ''-.~- ;.|1+#s5§;§- LOMMUNIST PARTY, u s A., |s..c. REFERENCE SF TELETYPE EIGHT LAST
QONFIDENTIAL won ~AnT_REvEAL£11 THAT A TELE-
- C-RAM WAS sem BY WILLIAM 2 FOSTER AND EUGENE zbzums To WILLIAM
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g I'.-if-'-' 1,1; SCHNEIDERHAPJ ON THIS DAT {N HI-HCH A TELEGRAM SENT BY FDSTER
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AND DENNIS ON NOVEMBER EHSHTH FORTYSEVEN TO PRESIDENT TRUMAN WAS
_:.'-._" '1, - '4 V 3 f I-0 .. -.'.-*;<e.'~%.-f'?|f3"' '3U*.3T£1J T0 SCHPEHJERMAN As FOLLGWS quote *w£ ruws READ m THE I ,,
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:.¢ATTORNEY GENERAL o gown ROGGE THAT ms DEPARTMENT or= ousnce as
7 Jiulzmlmo up A SPY some wmcu as supposes! T0 CULMINATE SHORTLY m._-W4 _
.;_.'-MIJJNIGHT ARREST8 OF corw1umsTs AND omen PROGRESSWES AND TOUCH
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w-,_, ,,~+j{Avz r-moons» ms 1=asss..,T|+r-: ROGGE STATEMENT cowmms wmrr I8 Y #1
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